Marxism After Marx: Geopolitical Economy
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- Опубликовано: 16 июн 2024
- The notion that our world is becoming increasingly interconnected carries across multiple disciplines and theories. The strength of this interconnectivity is the subject of considerable debate. Has capital rendered the nation-state obsolete? Or do international politics still largely manifest themselves as tensions between distinct sovereign bodies? If there is a transnational capital, what does it look like? Does the presence of a transnational capital engender a transnational capitalist class? These questions are crucial if we are to lay out a model for how capitalism works on the world stage. (Sources are below)
00:00 Introduction
02:57 Non-Marxian Schools of IR
05:41 The State in Global Political Economy
11:20 Power Dynamics
16:11 Financialization
19:23 Capitalism's Frontiers
21:38 Conclusion/Summary
Read the full script here: / marxism-after-marx-geo...
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Patreon:
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Twitter:
/ marxistproject
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Narration, script, and video graphics by "M."
Animated intro by Jack, co-host of the Auxiliary Statements podcast @AuxStatements on Twitter.
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Sources:
Bhattacharya, R., & Seda-Irizarry, I. J. (2017). Problematizing the global economy: Financialization and the “feudalization” of capital. Economics, Knowledge, and Class: Marxism Without Guarantees (pp. 329 - 345). Routledge.
Chesnais, F. (2019). Finance capital today: Corporations and banks in the lasting global slump. Haymarket Books.
Gartzke, E. (2007). The Capitalist Peace. American Journal of Political Science, 51(1), 166-191.
Gartzke, E., Li, Q., & Boehmer, C. (2001). Investing in the peace: Economic interdependence and international conflict. International organization, 55(2), 391-438.
Harvey, D. (2010). The right to the city: From capital surplus to accumulation by dispossession. Accumulation by dispossession, 17-32.
Hegre, H., Oneal, J. R., & Russett, B. (2010). Trade does promote peace: New simultaneous estimates of the reciprocal effects of trade and conflict. Journal of Peace Research, 47(6), 763-774.
Keohane, R. (1986). “Realism, Neorealism and the Study of World Politics.” In Neorealism and Its Critics. Edited by Robert Keohane. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lenin, V.I. (1917). Империализм как высшая стадия капитализма. [Imperialism, the highest stage of capitalism]. Zhizn’ i znanie.
Robinson, W. I. (2010). Beyond the theory of imperialism: Global capitalism and the transnational state. In A. Anievas (Ed.), Marxism and world politics: Contesting global capitalism (pp.61 - 76). New York, NY: Routledge.
Scott, J. M., Ralph C.G., and Cooper D.A.. (2016). International Relations. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Souva, M., & Prins, B. (2006). The liberal peace revisited: The role of democracy, dependence, and development in militarized interstate dispute initiation, 1950-1999. International Interactions, 32(2), 183-200.
Smith, T. (2009). Globalisation: A systematic Marxian account. Haymarket Books.
Ten Brink, T. (2015). Global political economy and the modern state system. Haymarket Books.
Teschke, B. and Lacher, H. (2010) The changing ‘logics’ of capitalist competition. In A. Anievas (Ed.), Marxism and world politics: Contesting global capitalism (pp.27 - 41). New York, NY: Routledge.
The script is now available to read! Link in the description.
You should've mention that geopolitics is the terminology that was used by 3rd Reich. It ignores classes and their struggles, instead it looks at the countres as living organisms. Geopolitics have nothing to do with Marxism ;-)
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Every time I heard transnational capital class, all I could think of was the crypto currency crowd and their obsession with the book "The sovereign individual".
Goddamn I'm so dumb I am having such a hard time getting through this and understanding it lol
It's not that -- there's just a lot of info packed in here and some places where I had to gloss over certain components to keep the video from running too long.
I'm going to add a link to the script in the description, which should hopefully help you follow along better!
@@themarxistproject thanks comrade you're the best TwT
You would never call someone else who had trouble understanding this dumb, because you know that’s not true. Why apply a different standard to yourself comrade?
@@bencatechi4293 Cause I have a really low self-esteem lmao
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Realizing you may not fully understand something snd being mindful of possible gaps in knowledge is a sign of intelligence and maturity and critical thinking
I was feeling a bit cynical about ideological and dogmatic Marxist, and wanting to write off the system, but this is a good piece and shows there is some good potential insight, so long as you keep your eye on the world.
There is no "Marxist" ideology
1) Marx + Engels had a unique view---
a worldview of a dominant economic
class, automatically largely.distorted
view of society to promote.its own
power, wealth + status. Working class
is a subordinate class, so it usually has
more clear + accurate view of society---
so, no socialist (dominant class distorted ideology. Worldview, is neutral
vetsion.
2) Karl.Marx was asked what sort of socialist was he?.He said that all.that he
knew was that he.was not.a Marxist.
Perhaps "pro.Marx" is better.
Talking about Marxism is hard because many dictators have claimed to follow the ideology while literally contradict it (Stalin getting rid of the soviets) and now some people approach 'Leftism' (idk better term) as a belief system similar to confucianism
@@Yuhyuhmuhmuh Marx and Engels keep being just too darn correct to ignore, lol. But, yes, because of the bad Marxist it is tricky to open people up about marxism. Still, it turns out to be insightful.
I love these videos but I feel like they would really benefit from sprinkling in a few concrete examples of the general principles you cover.
Yes
BASED!
One of the best channels on RUclips, you guys have a knack for making extraordinarily complex ideas more comprehensible
So happy your channel is growing.
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Have you looked into Huey Newton's theory of Intercommunalism? It has something to say about the breakdown of national sovereignty and the Revolutionary and Reactionary responses to that. A lot of his work is very prophetic of the Neoliberal turn of the 80s (and ongoing). You can read his original work on the viewpoint magazine website, and Narayan's 2017 paper on Intercommunalism as an unacknowledged theory of empire is a good modern academic take
I'm not ready for this yet.
excellent stuff! really happy you are making these videos!
good vide.
Thank you for your time and effort.
Honestly a hidden gem on RUclips, wish I found you sooner.
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Algorithm comment. Keep up the fantastic work comrade!
I love this channel! As NomiChirps said, I do think adding a few concrete examples throughout could solidify the concepts you discuss, and also expose the pertinence of the ideas mentioned to those watching who are not already wholly enveloped with an interest in Marxist philosophy.
One of the best and most nuanced videos I've ever seen honestly!
RUclips ALGORITHM
Great video. Your work continues to be top-notch. It introduced me to Marx and helped in my political development. Continue the work, comrade!
On point
Great video!
This channel needs more viewers 🙏🙏🙏
This is a brilliant video and a brilliant channel! You are hitting all the economic and geo-political high notes of the last 200 years, especially since the end of WW2. The struggle between different strains of power and capital has produced a world that most people in political economy try to simplify according to their personal beliefs. You, Mr. Marxist Project, are unique in that you try to analyze according to the various views of the dominant actors. This is as good an attempt as can be. Thank you for creating this channel.
Thanks for the video!! Great info
Helpful video
What a great video wow love it
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Can you do a video on marxist literary criticism ..plzz..that would be so much helpful. Love your videos..you've earned a subscriber ❤
This channel is gold
Excellent video :)
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Wow, that was excellent.
God I'm so happy to left RUclips finally addressing how Mar**** connects with international relations. Need more
I am so glad I found this channel as someone new to the leftist movement. Keep up the good work!
steadily gaining subs!
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Well done
comment for interaction
Very interesting. Watching in stages but I am enjoying these developments in Marxist analysis which take into account the intricacies of global capitalism today. However, I was struck by how pertinent Lenin's writings on WW1 were in relation to the invasion of Ukraine - especially when Putin, in his speech, essentially denounced Lenin's international vision and his understanding of the national questionn.
Still, 'a constant state of flux and motion', hence the importance of these theoretical developments. Love this channel!
good work
OMG I am going to watch this video several times, I don't understand anything! XD
Ty man more power to you
I'm not sure I agree with the end of this video. I think globalization is the trend. Other domains such as regions and countries exist under the coercive force of globalization. The entire edifice is predicated on collateral and its counter-form, money. The stresses we experience as political conflict come from too much expanding capital continuously siphoning off too much value. The depth of understanding this channel has is fantastic, but I don't (yet) believe it negates more simple approaches. At least this is what I feel after watching this one single video.
I am begging you to choose the Robinson Projection for your maps, I fucking hate the vertical distortion on these ones
The Marxist Project, I just wanted to reflect on a video I saw a while ago and commented on. It was Historia Civilis recent upload Peace ... (1814) ? which with it's explanation of the different existing schools of International Relations theory sounded pretty similar to this video; I commented on his video pointing that out but like nobody (not even him saw it). Hope this reaches you.
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why finland is ultra-imperialist?
Haha no, it's not that those countries are themselves ultra-imperialist, it's that ultra-imperialism is defined by an alliance/union of capitalists across national boundaries, especially in more developed regions.
@@themarxistproject that make more sense. thanks!
Oh
So it’s basically a global monopoly?
To speak too much theoretically seems to be a convenient way of ignoring the elephant in the room. United States leading the world, having a world wide military presence, and strong control over their allies.
The military power is the ultimate deciding power of competing capital. No amount of theoretical jargon can override the sole truth of the material world, material power. No financial numbers, consumer technology advantages, can compare to the military technology supremacy. It doesn't matter if someone else is better at producing commodities, has more factories, with enough military advantage, all of that belongs to you.
How much of the world's land mass, ocean mass, airspace, outer space is controlled by actual occupation of a population, i.e. how large is the area that the sovereign power can act in, determines capitalist competition between nations.
An example would be the Plaza accord, Japan's capital interests surrendered to the United States, and Japan has been a major holder of US government debt ever since. Quite literally paying for the US global military that occupies them and fights wars across the world. Or in the case of China, they have been a major holder of US government debt.
Theories like how the US government debt is a valuable asset is cringe. The United States does not plan to pay back any of its debts. Also, debts work differently because the state power is different.
When imperialist countries in the West, acting through the IMF and world bank, are the creditor, they use debt traps to force political concessions in the developing world.
For strong countries like the United States, they can use their military to pressure the world into buying their debt, and not have to give a shit about their creditors. There is in no world that Japan could use the US debt to pressure the US government to make any sort of substantial political concession.
Japan is occupied, and the US navy outclasses Japan's navy which means for an island nation like Japan, they have no choice but to surrender completely.
Agricultural and military supremacy is the two foundations of US imperialism, everything else is built on top of this. Which is why part of the IMF & world bank demands is to reduce domestic agricultural production, investment in production and in R&D, and import food from imperialist countries. And since the most crucial trade, food for subsistence, is done using US dollars, everything else falls into place.
The dollarization of world economy begins with food. Oil & gas is a bonus to control food secure industrial nations, to reduce competition in the world market by striking at the foundation of modern industry, energy.
This makes Russia a big threat to United States hegemony, not because of Russia's military, but because of its energy resources and its nuclear arsenal to guard the energy resources. Russia could supply US competitors with energy.
If we speak only in theoretical terms, one may come to conclusion that the oil rich Saudi Arabia is powerful because of its money and wealth. But money and wealth means nothing without power to guard it. The true nature of capital is power.
For example, Qing dynasty's GDP was about one quarter of world GDP. They made their attempts at industrialization. Few people expected Japan to win their invasion in the first Sino-Japanese war, and yet Japan won their risky gamble. The leaders of Qing dynasty were not resilient politically and capitulated.
Neither did India's fate change because they were also historically 1/4 or 1/5 of world GDP. That wealth was transferred to the British empire.
Major developments in history have always occurred through a state power. Whether it is the spread of capitalism through Europe's conquests, establishment of settler colonies, or the United States establishing a liberal world order with its victory in the cold war.
Marx thought a crisis in Europe would unleash a revolution impulse that rippled through the world and finally ending in China, and then, revolution impulses in China would travel back to Europe, and then so back and forth revolution impulses push forward socialism.
But without a powerful state entity in the oppressed colonies and semi-colonies, all of the revolution impulse simply cannot travel back. Imperialism can simply force local governments to deal with it own their own, and so an economic crisis in the West is averted by having that economic crisis implode in the East.
Famines, societal collapse, political chaos, regime collapse and change, revolutions across the colonies and semi-colonies. But none of this chaos ever went back to Europe. We got a glimpse of it after WW1, but that was it.
If socialism is to come into being, according to Marx, all of that chaos and unrest in the world that Europe has unleashed upon the world with capitalism, must return to Europe. We only had the USSR with WW1. World socialism can only come at even further destruction of the imperial core.
Capitalism concentrated the wealth of the world through conquests, and given such abundance of wealth, the economically unproductive intellectual labor boomed, which then gave birth to industrialization and the scientific revolution.
Anti-feudalism is a symptom of the enlightenment period. Upon close examination, we see that European feudalism was short lived, there was manorialism prior, and feudalism was a short period after the black death. On the other hand, feudalism is not an exact description of the rest of the world's development. Enlightenment criticism of feudalism tends to then become racist and xenophobic, since Europe was enlightened, then the rest of the world must be feudal in contrast. But that perspective is projection. Europe's history is projected to the world history, yet similarities do not mean equivalences.
Marxism shares similar flaws with the enlightenment. It was resolved with the split between Leninism and Western Marxism. Western Marxists have went their own theoretical ways, reducing Marxism to academics.
Marxism in the West no longer has the revolutionary use for oppressed nations across the globe, and so Marxist thought since Lenin, has mostly been stagnant with only European contributors, de-radicalized and counter revolutionary.
Similarly, feminism, critical race theory, and other revolutionary political theories, have been reduced to the authority of Western academia, the clergy wing of imperialism. For those oppressed nations across the globe, it has been de-radicalized, revised into counter revolutionary pro imperialist material and counter productive for much of the developing world.
Who funded Japan against the Qing dynasty? The British. Japan borrowed money from Britain to industrialize.
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Brother can you tell what lead to the return of popularity of Marxist political economy 🤔
Has this aged well? Because the world is entering a phase of struggle against the global neoliberal hegemon.
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I love how in your "ultra imperialist diagram Tasmania is white while the rest of Australia is blue. Btw great video, just finished reading lenins imperialism and this helps alot with putting lenins theory into practise
Isn't the Russian war against American lead NATO put an end to if Lenin is outdated?
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