Thank you Richard Waitt! I was hanging on every word, especially the conversation with Bretz at his home puffing on his pipe priceless! Your are right the reward is being involved with this community, watching it take on a life of its own! Searching for a way to contribute. There are more than geology lessons to be learned here looking and listening to the historical records alive through the written exchanges of idea’s between people whose opinions are different or bonded in friendship. While still being respectful. I’m sure I’m not the only who watches every minute, and fearing the end of the alphabet!!!
Yes that was an aha moment. It's wonderful hearing the thermo-dynamic aspect of massive ice presuures and fluid flow- the magnitudes of power release, rebuild, release we see many times in nature and man made engineered systems.
What a nice complement for you Nick! Great interview, and I look forward to future sessions getting together with other geologists with some Scotch, and talking Rocks with a beverage On the Rocks. Fun stuff!!
Wonderful series. Keeps me totally engaged watching evidence revealed in front of us. Thursday session starts 8pm here near Lincoln England so I lose concentration around 10pm. I wake up early with geology on my mind so continue watching while waiting for The Times to be delivered. 😊
If it means anything, I like Nicks commentary and interpretations on the read notes. They are a perfectly reasonable take, and if a different narrative starts to develop, Nick is quick to adjust and clarify the interpretation. I appreciate the interpretation, and think it helps paint a picture of the people and their perspective in this story.
In reading Roads Less Travel paper, I love how Waitt breaks out a sequence of overtoppings that sequentially developed coulees. Like how Moses Coulees was left dry after the Grand Coulee reached the Columbia. Richard does a masterful job of breaking down which coulee was active when. Thanks for the detailed maps and descriptions.
This series gets more and more astounding. Such an incredible community sharing the history of science in pursuit of understanding. I hope that all these documents end up scanned, made available to the public, and carefully preserved for the future.
This was another truly interesting episode. I’m so enjoying the Bretz history and hearing from your guests that actually knew him. I would like to take a road trip and walk some of the ground that these geology pioneers studied.
Dr. Waitt describes in fine detail some of the places he's done research in this presentation. I find it's helpful to launch Google Earth and toggle between the presentation and Earth to get my bearings on the landscape he's describing. [Hint to newbies: To rewind the segment use the ◀arrow--each press of the arrow takes you back five seconds.] Dr. Waitt was a wonderful guest to have on the series. Thanks, Nick. On to "Z.
I have been on board, with the Missoula flood, but skeptical too. How can an ice damn do ALL this, well that is explained today by Mr. Waitt. Wow now I get it. Thank you very much, stay safe
Your shows, Nick, are you're shows. You do them how you see fit. Like you said, you never know how things are going to go. You can please everyone part of the time and some of the people all the time. But you can't please all the people , all the time. You are doing the best you can, a leader, as far as I'm concerned. Keep it UP!😊
There have been so many gems throughout this series and insights to glean from the letters and interviews. Watching (live!) Nick read Richard Waitt's correspondence to J Harlen Bretz and then having Waitt provide some additional commentary is a highlight moment for the winter! The essence of such insights or cursive notes in the margins can be hard to convey in published works; and yet these details make a subject come alive. It's been a lively winter for sure! I'm curious as to how the insights and documentation presented in this series might revise the commonly known story of Bretz and the Ice Age Floods. And I still wish I better understood the "origin stories" and sequencing of Moses, Upper Grand, and Lower Grand Coulees - but I guess I don't really need to know "what came first" and can appreciate that pre-glacial drainages and topography existed prior to the floods and that these places continue to be outstanding, extraordinary, and magnificent today. So grateful to Jerome, Skye, and Joel for their time and willingness to engage with us non-geologists and help answer questions in the live chat. This has been a highly engaging and interactive A-Z season! Pets to Bijou too. 😺🐈💕
The last time i was there, I followed Moses Coulee from mouth to source at Yeager Rock. I'm sure there's a connection, but I left scratching my head. I wish I knew more about the origin and sequencing of Moses Coulee, too. 😀
Priceless history recorded in a way that accessibly demonstrates well the scientific. Back and forth. New data leading to the changing of old hypotheses. A to Z is a valuable historic record, by your (Nick) careful design and execution. Yes, a rare treat.
The presentation was wonderful! I think we're all fortunate for you to be able to talk to the pillars of geology, and that we're able to watch. We're all enlightened by these videos. I hope these videos last for 100 years so that someone in the future won't have to wonder "what was he thinking when he wrote or said so and so." I would have liked to hear about Waitt's ideas about the Mondovi Horseshoe. That hard hat is so YOU! 😀 That Gradpaw Carl is a real corker! Be well. Greg PS: There's tons of stuff to look at between Spokane and Montana. I spent several days there driving around. I just wish I knew more about what I was looking at. I wish you and the dynamic three could do a video at Burlingame Canyon (although I think it's just a big ditch. 😉 ). PPS: Surprise is headed your way. 😉
Brilliant work with Richard Waite. Please, please, let's get a Zentnerd to work with Richard to get the Bretz book he mentioned complete and published. This is the crew that could make it happen.
I will be celebrating my 79th birthday on the 18 th and I would like to thank you Nick for having provided me and countless others hours of intellectual stimulation. Session Z will undoubtedly leave us more stimulated to visit E Washington, which will be on my bucket list for 2025 cheers from Melbourne, Australia with thanks.
Thank you Nick for getting this material out into the public domain; most research endeavors are publicly funded in the first place. Fantastic discussion with Richard Waitt, you guys should definitely do an "On the Rocks"; perhaps with some of his PowerPoints.
I remember when I was finishing up college (the 2nd time) in 2006-9 when JSTOR, LYON< and all the other databases for teh universities became subscription based...
This body of work will last forever. It is the yardstick for all regional geography outreach programs to aspire to. You given a pat on the back to people who hike hard trails in hard weather and spend long nights in the office and tents. Lets them know that people really care about what they do. Thank you.
This is all wonderful stuff, Nick! You just keep going right on the way you are. You're creating a science and history detective series that everyone can star in! It's going to be a phenomenon, once the history and detective fiction buffs discover these series. You must continue through the Greek and Russian alphabets! (y) (y) (y)
Thanks for the love Nick. I meant it. I did also try to pass on more information too, but it looks like YT cut it out because I put links in, even though one was a RUclips link! First was to British Museum's Irving Finkel, 'Rescuing unwanted diaries! A Lecture by Irving Finkel', which will be loved by all those who've been helping with historic documents. Second was that Richard's description od self emptying lakes reminded me of recent newspaper articles about the flooding in Juneau Alaska by glacial 'lake No Lake' that empties like a lavatory cistern every timewater pressure from melting glaciers lifts the ice and lets the water siphon out, causing damage down stream. There were probably many such systems at the edge of earlier ice sheets just as there are now, but the lanscape is so complex, that even now, it's very hard to follow, in any way that could equate a deposite in one valley with similar deposits in other valleys, even quite nearby.
Thank you Richard Waite. Thank you, Nick Zentner, for reading the written battle of the university professors. Maybe the study of the geology of the Pacific northwest is like College Football. Go Hogs! Beat Texas! Woooo Pig! Soooeee {I'm an alumnus of the University of Arkansas} 🙂
This was a great interview. Thank you for sharing. Also a big thanks to Glenn. For those who don't know, in the video description here you can click those map links, and using the three dots at the top, on the left side panel, you can click 'Download KML', save as a .KMZ file and then within the Google Earth Pro application itself, you can open those files - there appear to be some slight alignment issues when doing this (I've mapped Lake Columbia and other portions of the ice sheets in there, and uploaded a 4k test render here on RUclips, and there are some minor discrepancies, perhaps because they are being pasted onto a giant sphere rather than a flat plane, and due to the scaling within the program). Anyway, greatly appreciate the interview. Thanks!
Well done Nick .... Superb ..excellent ... I've taken the opportunity to buy a fairly decent bottle of single malt whiskey that should be delivered to you tomorrow ...I hope you both enjoy it.
Thank you! I received your gift! The whiskey has been enjoyed by Jerome Lesemann, Hannah Shamloo, and Jordan Carey thus far. I'm saving the rest for Waitt when I see him in Spokane next week.
In the late 70s I drilled water wells from the Idaho panhandle to Twisp Wash all over north east Washington. Saw some amazing country think I liked Republic Washington the most. Wish I would have kept my well logs. The Rig I ran could drill 100 feet an hour in Basalt. The Rathdrum Prairie was a nightmare to drill in you hit boulders that would just loosen and spin around then break thru the blue clay to the aquafer. All my artesian wells were on top of ridges not down low like you would expect.
Thanks for answering my seiche idea of pulses of water creating some of the varves. Of course, there was hundreds of feet of water above the deposits. Clearly not waves from a single flood.
It was nice hearing about the ice-blocking theory, I have pointed out to people researching ice movement, to a road in my area at Lake Erie where rocks had build up in fields north of the lake. This had to be where the ice sheet hit something and left the stone behind after it retreated. What stops a moving ice sheet on flat ground but another bigger ice sheet. This road I call the cold road because it is always cooler there than any road around it for some reason.
Pronunciation: Spokane's Manito Park, site of my favorite swimming pool in my youth, is locally pronounced, at least in the 1950s, as Man' ih toe. "Don't know much about geology, da, da, da," etc. but I do love this series. Wish it would never end. 😪
I gotta ask: I probably missed it but through all these episodes how have we not heard of the periodically 'self emptying lake' until now? Perhaps this is something informed geologists simply knew off hand and wasn't worth mentioning in previous episodes? To me it was an epiphany. Truly an 'Ah Hah' moment. It's the Burlingame Canyon that shows all the rythmites (sp?) correct? Nick showed us those a long time ago and I had been more than puzzled since seeing that. reed scott
The people who keep carping on about 'rewarding' contributors somehow have obviously never done this sort of thing themselves. Millions of us write up, photograph and post our own little bits of knowledge for free on the internets, just to help other people out and add our two cents to the mass of communal wisdom. It is its own reward. If more people shared a bit less selflessly, the world would be less of a hellhole of ignorance and greed. Thanks again Nick for not being precious or selfish with all of this great stuff. Shame on the institutions who are still hoarding and obscuring what are essentially public records.
Great talk again! It's like listening to Sherlock Holmes mixed with Samuel Clement discussing an ice age murder mystery. Love it. Intermontane Superterrane...and Insular :)
One of the 'Chatters' raised the question "How much loess can water hold? To what viscosity?" I can't offer a direct answer but will offer hope for an answer. I took a class in Two-Phase flow from Washington State University. In it I learned about low Reynolds number flow and 'settling velocities'. Settling rates are dependent on viscosity, specific gravity of the particle, and its size. One can calculate (roughly, depending on the quality of the data) how fast the water needs to flow to lift and move, rocks, sand, and finer particles. Bed flow, rocks not suspended by the flow, has similar parameters to work with in the calculation, but have some different parameters. Vexing is the role loess plays in modifying the viscosity needed to perform these calculations. It is interesting to consider the depth of the water over, say, Burlingame Canyon, the size and specific gravity of the particles found in their beds, and perhaps the estimated amount of time water remained above the area... Well, one might infer by calculation some limits to the deposition process. I will lastly add that the uniformity of the rhythmites' appearance is attributable to the uniform nature of the rock bits in the loess. Two-phase flow calculations also inform the deposition through the air. "Two-phase calculations" applies both to solid-liquid behavior and solid-gas behavior. Cheers.
Went looking for the giant current ripples around Fairchild AFB. To my amateur eye, there's a somewhat faint spot immediately east of the airfield at 47.605, -117.595, and a much clearer spot west of the airfield at 47.631, -117.757. Or am I just seeing things?
Incredible episode!! What an awesome way to summarize this series: with Professor Waitt authoritatively saying there were over 100 glacial floods. What a long way the science has come from the early days of Bretz when no one would believe that a SINGLE glacial occurred. Thank you Dr. Waitt and Nick Zentner!!
"What are you going to do to thank all theses people who helped you"?...Sent them a heart shaped bread from the bakery that's what, because they are so cool.
What’s the big stack of rocks on the north side of I-90 somewhere in the Ritzville area. It’s huge. Leftovers from the Columbia Basin project or part of flood story, or?
Nick, You have used the analogy of 'chocolate milk' to describe the sediment load in these floods that scoured the Palouse loess. I'm wondering about that. Have tests been done to determine just how great the concentration of such sediment can be in highly turbid water? What WOULD or could that concentration be? What viscosity is possible? When I see the thickness of the beds in the Burlingame canyon it makes me wonder of something on the order of ketchup ( they use that to describe liquified basalt sometimes ) might be possible. reed Scott Edit: I gotta add. Gol Gang it Atwater, you should have been in on this series!
Hi Nick, I recently saw Vic Baker's "Ice age floods around the world" presentation. Are you or any viewers aware if this presentation has been published as a book? Please someone advise me if this is the case and where I might purchase a copy?
Nick. What does the 1956 note in cursive that you put up for 5 minutes say? I can not read the text as it is too blurry. Great series by the way! I was on the edge of my seat while you were reading the letters to Richard Waite.
Full/complete rhythm of the receding ice lobes...... All of the ice lobes were working in unison because of rapid temperature increases which produced volumes of water that functioned independent of one another; yet many of the MAJOR RELEASES/PULSES of water that exasperated all logic. The receding faces of the massive lobes had "basement" river tubes that were STATIC for hundreds of years, therefore, "remote and permanent" drainage channels, example.... Spokane lobe was one of the most static, ceeating all the predominance...Pine City/Mullen, Washington area, Poluse River channel (Colfax...Wahtucna....Kolotus complex) All was a CLOSED, UNINTERRUPTED FOLLOW; TEMPERATURE WAS THE "THROTTLE MECHANISM" determined follow volumes on a seasonal record...
15 min's 45 : "...your host, Ned Zinger .."..L.O.L......Someone in Live Chat referred to Nick as "The greater Spotted Zentner"....Best Wishes from England. 🙂🌈⛏
Some of t he most dramatic features of the Great Columbia Terrace and huge bar a the mouth of Moses Coulee are currently drowned in the reservoirs I would guess.
Any idea as to whether lake Missoula was ice covered some or most of the time? If yes, would there be just a meter or two of ice or dozens of meters on the top of the lake?
Because would not doing core samples through the layers be a better way to see which is younger which is older without major disruption to the structure of the surrounding geology
The word loess comes from the German, "loss" with an umlaut over the letter o. So, if you're true to the German origin, it is indeed pronounced "lerss," roughly speaking. (The more accurate way of pronunciation of "o" with umlaut is to say the German letter "e" while holding the embouchure as if to say the German letter "o." The result is similar to the English "er.") en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess
@@teacherdustinpnw The schwa is how most Americans pronounce it, i.e. loess = "luss." In German it's somewhere between "lerss" and "lewss." Again, the embouchure is formed as though to say the German letter "o," but the tongue is placed where it would be when saying the German letter "e." It's actually tricky to do, I remember most of my classmates in college German struggled with it.
You deserve a break after this A++ marathon series Professor Zentner. A to Z “You gotta love it”.
Thank you Richard Waitt! I was hanging on every word, especially the conversation with Bretz at his home puffing on his pipe priceless!
Your are right the reward is being involved with this community, watching it take on a life of its own! Searching for a way to contribute. There are more than geology lessons to be learned here looking and listening to the historical records alive through the written exchanges of idea’s between people whose opinions are different or bonded in friendship. While still being respectful.
I’m sure I’m not the only who watches every minute, and fearing the end of the alphabet!!!
Yes that was an aha moment. It's wonderful hearing the thermo-dynamic aspect of massive ice presuures and fluid flow- the magnitudes of power release, rebuild, release we see many times in nature and man made engineered systems.
What a nice complement for you Nick! Great interview, and I look forward to future sessions getting together with other geologists with some Scotch, and talking Rocks with a beverage On the Rocks. Fun stuff!!
Bear watching replay from Broomfield, Colorado and lovin' it! 🐻🇺🇲
Another banger. Thanks Ned.
Wonderful series. Keeps me totally engaged watching evidence revealed in front of us. Thursday session starts 8pm here near Lincoln England so I lose concentration around 10pm. I wake up early with geology on my mind so continue watching while waiting for The Times to be delivered. 😊
If it means anything, I like Nicks commentary and interpretations on the read notes.
They are a perfectly reasonable take, and if a different narrative starts to develop, Nick is quick to adjust and clarify the interpretation.
I appreciate the interpretation, and think it helps paint a picture of the people and their perspective in this story.
Never apologize… you keep doing what you’re doing - damn interesting!
I live in Fredericksburg. Va. ❤️❤️Pat Caracappa
In reading Roads Less Travel paper, I love how Waitt breaks out a sequence of overtoppings that sequentially developed coulees. Like how Moses Coulees was left dry after the Grand Coulee reached the Columbia. Richard does a masterful job of breaking down which coulee was active when. Thanks for the detailed maps and descriptions.
Great series but I think the Ricard Waitt interview is the highlight. Living history.
This series gets more and more astounding.
Such an incredible community sharing the history of science in pursuit of understanding. I hope that all these documents end up scanned, made available to the public, and carefully preserved for the future.
This was another truly interesting episode. I’m so enjoying the Bretz history and hearing from your guests that actually knew him. I would like to take a road trip and walk some of the ground that these geology pioneers studied.
Dr. Waitt describes in fine detail some of the places he's done research in this presentation. I find it's helpful to launch Google Earth and toggle between the presentation and Earth to get my bearings on the landscape he's describing. [Hint to newbies: To rewind the segment use the ◀arrow--each press of the arrow takes you back five seconds.] Dr. Waitt was a wonderful guest to have on the series. Thanks, Nick. On to "Z.
Omg. Mr. Waitt's personality is GOLD! I could listen to him all day. Like Nick, he draws you right into his story so well.
I have been on board, with the Missoula flood, but skeptical too. How can an ice damn do ALL this, well that is explained today by Mr. Waitt. Wow now I get it. Thank you very much, stay safe
*An ice dam?
Your shows, Nick, are you're shows. You do them how you see fit. Like you said, you never know how things are going to go.
You can please everyone part of the time and some of the people all the time. But you can't please all the people , all the time.
You are doing the best you can, a leader, as far as I'm concerned.
Keep it UP!😊
What a great talk. Tying back 100 years of work.
There have been so many gems throughout this series and insights to glean from the letters and interviews. Watching (live!) Nick read Richard Waitt's correspondence to J Harlen Bretz and then having Waitt provide some additional commentary is a highlight moment for the winter! The essence of such insights or cursive notes in the margins can be hard to convey in published works; and yet these details make a subject come alive. It's been a lively winter for sure! I'm curious as to how the insights and documentation presented in this series might revise the commonly known story of Bretz and the Ice Age Floods. And I still wish I better understood the "origin stories" and sequencing of Moses, Upper Grand, and Lower Grand Coulees - but I guess I don't really need to know "what came first" and can appreciate that pre-glacial drainages and topography existed prior to the floods and that these places continue to be outstanding, extraordinary, and magnificent today. So grateful to Jerome, Skye, and Joel for their time and willingness to engage with us non-geologists and help answer questions in the live chat. This has been a highly engaging and interactive A-Z season! Pets to Bijou too. 😺🐈💕
The last time i was there, I followed Moses Coulee from mouth to source at Yeager Rock. I'm sure there's a connection, but I left scratching my head. I wish I knew more about the origin and sequencing of Moses Coulee, too. 😀
Priceless history recorded in a way that accessibly demonstrates well the scientific. Back and forth. New data leading to the changing of old hypotheses. A to Z is a valuable historic record, by your (Nick) careful design and execution. Yes, a rare treat.
The presentation was wonderful! I think we're all fortunate for you to be able to talk to the pillars of geology, and that we're able to watch. We're all enlightened by these videos. I hope these videos last for 100 years so that someone in the future won't have to wonder "what was he thinking when he wrote or said so and so." I would have liked to hear about Waitt's ideas about the Mondovi Horseshoe.
That hard hat is so YOU! 😀 That Gradpaw Carl is a real corker! Be well. Greg
PS: There's tons of stuff to look at between Spokane and Montana. I spent several days there driving around. I just wish I knew more about what I was looking at.
I wish you and the dynamic three could do a video at Burlingame Canyon (although I think it's just a big ditch. 😉 ).
PPS: Surprise is headed your way. 😉
I'm going to watch A to Z , Floods again! Love it!
What a treat to have Richard Waitt talk to us!!💗 Wow, thank you Nick for your time and energy!! I really enjoyed our time together, thanks!!😄💞💗💞💙??
I especially enjoyed the story at 1:10:30. Great show today!
Brilliant work with Richard Waite. Please, please, let's get a Zentnerd to work with Richard to get the Bretz book he mentioned complete and published. This is the crew that could make it happen.
I will be celebrating my 79th birthday on the 18 th and I would like to thank you Nick for having provided me and countless others hours of intellectual stimulation. Session Z will undoubtedly leave us more stimulated to visit E Washington, which will be on my bucket list for 2025 cheers from Melbourne, Australia with thanks.
Thank you Nick for getting this material out into the public domain; most research endeavors are publicly funded in the first place. Fantastic discussion with Richard Waitt, you guys should definitely do an "On the Rocks"; perhaps with some of his PowerPoints.
I remember when I was finishing up college (the 2nd time) in 2006-9 when JSTOR, LYON< and all the other databases for teh universities became subscription based...
This body of work will last forever. It is the yardstick for all regional geography outreach programs to aspire to. You given a pat on the back to people who hike hard trails in hard weather and spend long nights in the office and tents. Lets them know that people really care about what they do. Thank you.
Wow! Thank you Dr. Waite! So appreciate the historical insights.
This is all wonderful stuff, Nick! You just keep going right on the way you are. You're creating a science and history detective series that everyone can star in! It's going to be a phenomenon, once the history and detective fiction buffs discover these series. You must continue through the Greek and Russian alphabets! (y) (y) (y)
Thanks for the love Nick. I meant it.
I did also try to pass on more information too, but it looks like YT cut it out because I put links in, even though one was a RUclips link!
First was to British Museum's Irving Finkel, 'Rescuing unwanted diaries! A Lecture by Irving Finkel', which will be loved by all those who've been helping with historic documents.
Second was that Richard's description od self emptying lakes reminded me of recent newspaper articles about the flooding in Juneau Alaska by glacial 'lake No Lake' that empties like a lavatory cistern every timewater pressure from melting glaciers lifts the ice and lets the water siphon out, causing damage down stream. There were probably many such systems at the edge of earlier ice sheets just as there are now, but the lanscape is so complex, that even now, it's very hard to follow, in any way that could equate a deposite in one valley with similar deposits in other valleys, even quite nearby.
Fantastic to of time with Brett!
Happy valentines! Zentnerds
What a pleasure, indeed! Great interview, great geologist and great lesson.
I had the pleasure of meeting Richard Waitt at the USGS CVO open house about 10 years ago what a treat that was
Thank you Richard Waite. Thank you, Nick Zentner, for reading the written battle of the university professors. Maybe the study of the geology of the Pacific northwest is like College Football. Go Hogs! Beat Texas! Woooo Pig! Soooeee {I'm an alumnus of the University of Arkansas} 🙂
This was a great interview. Thank you for sharing. Also a big thanks to Glenn.
For those who don't know, in the video description here you can click those map links, and using the three dots at the top, on the left side panel, you can click 'Download KML', save as a .KMZ file and then within the Google Earth Pro application itself, you can open those files - there appear to be some slight alignment issues when doing this (I've mapped Lake Columbia and other portions of the ice sheets in there, and uploaded a 4k test render here on RUclips, and there are some minor discrepancies, perhaps because they are being pasted onto a giant sphere rather than a flat plane, and due to the scaling within the program).
Anyway, greatly appreciate the interview. Thanks!
Well done Nick .... Superb ..excellent ... I've taken the opportunity to buy a fairly decent bottle of single malt whiskey that should be delivered to you tomorrow ...I hope you both enjoy it.
Tragidy ..no one was there to accept it so it was rejected and cancelled ... work around ?
Thank you! I received your gift! The whiskey has been enjoyed by Jerome Lesemann, Hannah Shamloo, and Jordan Carey thus far. I'm saving the rest for Waitt when I see him in Spokane next week.
OMG. That's Richard Waite. I know him from many videos. Thanks Nick
Great session, nice to hear from Richard
Mineral Wells, Texas..... Thank you for your powerful creating ❤️🙏🙏🙏😊😊😊
Fantastic episode, once again! Enjoy whatever, On The Rocks! Thanks again to you and Mr. Waitt! 😊
Wow! I agree with Bretz on his reaction to Waitt’s multiple Missoula floods.
In the late 70s I drilled water wells from the Idaho panhandle to Twisp Wash all over north east Washington. Saw some amazing country think I liked Republic Washington the most. Wish I would have kept my well logs. The Rig I ran could drill 100 feet an hour in Basalt. The Rathdrum Prairie was a nightmare to drill in you hit boulders that would just loosen and spin around then break thru the blue clay to the aquafer. All my artesian wells were on top of ridges not down low like you would expect.
Thanks for answering my seiche idea of pulses of water creating some of the varves. Of course, there was hundreds of feet of water above the deposits. Clearly not waves from a single flood.
EXCELLENT! Thanks Richard!
It was nice hearing about the ice-blocking theory, I have pointed out to people researching ice movement, to a road in my area at Lake Erie where rocks had build up in fields north of the lake. This had to be where the ice sheet hit something and left the stone behind after it retreated. What stops a moving ice sheet on flat ground but another bigger ice sheet. This road I call the cold road because it is always cooler there than any road around it for some reason.
Thanks Glen!!!
I was a beneficiary of Hanson’s revised 101/201 curriculum. Thanks.
Pronunciation: Spokane's Manito Park, site of my favorite swimming pool in my youth, is locally pronounced, at least in the 1950s, as Man' ih toe. "Don't know much about geology, da, da, da," etc. but I do love this series. Wish it would never end. 😪
Rickard Waitt's letter to Bretz dated Sept. 22, 1978 is probably the day or within a couple of days of when I arrived at CWU as a Freshman.
Great and well deserved praise from The Man!
This is awesome. Thanks Nick.
I gotta ask: I probably missed it but through all these episodes how have we not heard of the periodically 'self emptying lake' until now? Perhaps this is something informed geologists simply knew off hand and wasn't worth mentioning in previous episodes? To me it was an epiphany. Truly an 'Ah Hah' moment. It's the Burlingame Canyon that shows all the rythmites (sp?) correct? Nick showed us those a long time ago and I had been more than puzzled since seeing that. reed scott
The people who keep carping on about 'rewarding' contributors somehow have obviously never done this sort of thing themselves. Millions of us write up, photograph and post our own little bits of knowledge for free on the internets, just to help other people out and add our two cents to the mass of communal wisdom. It is its own reward. If more people shared a bit less selflessly, the world would be less of a hellhole of ignorance and greed. Thanks again Nick for not being precious or selfish with all of this great stuff. Shame on the institutions who are still hoarding and obscuring what are essentially public records.
Wonderful talk... But what I really want to know is where I can get that lovely sweater Richard is wearing?
As you bless, you will be blessed!
Great talk again! It's like listening to Sherlock Holmes mixed with Samuel Clement discussing an ice age murder mystery. Love it. Intermontane Superterrane...and Insular :)
Living like a king!
You never know what’s going to turn up! Yep!,,
Nick is so patient
One of the 'Chatters' raised the question "How much loess can water hold? To what viscosity?" I can't offer a direct answer but will offer hope for an answer. I took a class in Two-Phase flow from Washington State University. In it I learned about low Reynolds number flow and 'settling velocities'.
Settling rates are dependent on viscosity, specific gravity of the particle, and its size. One can calculate (roughly, depending on the quality of the data) how fast the water needs to flow to lift and move, rocks, sand, and finer particles. Bed flow, rocks not suspended by the flow, has similar parameters to work with in the calculation, but have some different parameters.
Vexing is the role loess plays in modifying the viscosity needed to perform these calculations.
It is interesting to consider the depth of the water over, say, Burlingame Canyon, the size and specific gravity of the particles found in their beds, and perhaps the estimated amount of time water remained above the area... Well, one might infer by calculation some limits to the deposition process.
I will lastly add that the uniformity of the rhythmites' appearance is attributable to the uniform nature of the rock bits in the loess. Two-phase flow calculations also inform the deposition through the air. "Two-phase calculations" applies both to solid-liquid behavior and solid-gas behavior. Cheers.
Went looking for the giant current ripples around Fairchild AFB. To my amateur eye, there's a somewhat faint spot immediately east of the airfield at 47.605, -117.595, and a much clearer spot west of the airfield at 47.631, -117.757. Or am I just seeing things?
Incredible episode!! What an awesome way to summarize this series: with Professor Waitt authoritatively saying there were over 100 glacial floods. What a long way the science has come from the early days of Bretz when no one would believe that a SINGLE glacial occurred. Thank you Dr. Waitt and Nick Zentner!!
"What are you going to do to thank all theses people who helped you"?...Sent them a heart shaped bread from the bakery that's what, because they are so cool.
What’s the big stack of rocks on the north side of I-90 somewhere in the Ritzville area. It’s huge. Leftovers from the Columbia Basin project or part of flood story, or?
Jeff showed it through his actions!
Nick, You have used the analogy of 'chocolate milk' to describe the sediment load in these floods that scoured the Palouse loess. I'm wondering about that. Have tests been done to determine just how great the concentration of such sediment can be in highly turbid water? What WOULD or could that concentration be? What viscosity is possible? When I see the thickness of the beds in the Burlingame canyon it makes me wonder of something on the order of ketchup ( they use that to describe liquified basalt sometimes ) might be possible. reed Scott
Edit: I gotta add. Gol Gang it Atwater, you should have been in on this series!
Looking forward to Waitt book om Bretz. Off course the last sessions will answer your penned down questions of the first episode, i assume?
The ice flow shrinks, so it is not as tall, so it makes a smaller flood. New information for me.
Hah! 2:03:00. Nick on Google Earth Glenn: "I spent countless hours making 1500 slides and all I got was this fucking mug?" Priceless!
Hi Nick, I recently saw Vic Baker's "Ice age floods around the world" presentation. Are you or any viewers aware if this presentation has been published as a book? Please someone advise me if this is the case and where I might purchase a copy?
Hell yeah. Sweet hard hat.
Kippis! - Skåål - Botoms up! - Pohjanmaan kautta! - Koskenkorvaiset!!! - Kirkaat! - Maljat!
I just finushed the series!!! PrÖst
New information on cutting at the other end of the river.
The 4 heads of the floodocalypse.
Riparia! I came into this world there. It was two buildings and a dam. Now it's a dam.
Y because he loves you thank you
Nick. What does the 1956 note in cursive that you put up for 5 minutes say? I can not read the text as it is too blurry. Great series by the way! I was on the edge of my seat while you were reading the letters to Richard Waite.
Melon Valley, home of Petrified Watermelons! One for your Mother-in-law!😅
awesome!!!!
Full/complete rhythm of the receding ice lobes...... All of the ice lobes were working in unison because of rapid temperature increases which produced volumes of water that functioned independent of one another; yet many of the MAJOR RELEASES/PULSES of water that exasperated all logic.
The receding faces of the massive lobes had "basement" river tubes that were STATIC for hundreds of years, therefore, "remote and permanent" drainage channels, example.... Spokane lobe was one of the most static, ceeating all the predominance...Pine City/Mullen, Washington area, Poluse River channel (Colfax...Wahtucna....Kolotus complex)
All was a CLOSED, UNINTERRUPTED FOLLOW; TEMPERATURE WAS THE "THROTTLE MECHANISM" determined follow volumes on a seasonal record...
15 min's 45 : "...your host, Ned Zinger .."..L.O.L......Someone in Live Chat referred to Nick as "The greater Spotted Zentner"....Best Wishes from England. 🙂🌈⛏
Are there any potential “self dumping lakes” with a similar hydrology in Antarctica or Greenland?
Some of t he most dramatic features of the Great Columbia Terrace and huge bar a the mouth of Moses Coulee are currently drowned in the reservoirs I would guess.
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⛏ Geology on the 🪨 rocks 🍻🥂🐸 🤓
Waite and Baker book: "Conversations with the Ice Age Flood Master"
Please advise the name of this book's publisher, whether it is still available and date of publication. ( keen to purchase this text)
Any idea as to whether lake Missoula was ice covered some or most of the time? If yes, would there be just a meter or two of ice or dozens of meters on the top of the lake?
brillant
It's ok to say "hell". We're talking repetitive cataclysmic ice floods (:
Did Nick introduce himself as "Ned Zinger"? (15:47 for reference) 😆🤣
Because would not doing core samples through the layers be a better way to see which is younger which is older without major disruption to the structure of the surrounding geology
hello from salmon, idaho
How about a digital downloadable certificate acknowledging their contributions to the Ice Age Floods A to Z 2023 - 2024.
So they can frame it. 😊
It sounds like he abandoned the term, not the idea.
Could not a Geological Survey team do coring along the edges of these cooleys
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Manchester, England
Missoula montana
I think you should get sponsored by Starbucks, then you can give gift cards to the high achievers and guest geologists.
The word loess comes from the German, "loss" with an umlaut over the letter o. So, if you're true to the German origin, it is indeed pronounced "lerss," roughly speaking. (The more accurate way of pronunciation of "o" with umlaut is to say the German letter "e" while holding the embouchure as if to say the German letter "o." The result is similar to the English "er.")
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess
So a Shwa, then?
@@teacherdustinpnw The schwa is how most Americans pronounce it, i.e. loess = "luss." In German it's somewhere between "lerss" and "lewss." Again, the embouchure is formed as though to say the German letter "o," but the tongue is placed where it would be when saying the German letter "e." It's actually tricky to do, I remember most of my classmates in college German struggled with it.