Why Neil deGrasse Tyson and Emily Rice Think You Should Pay Attention to Low-Mass Stars
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- Опубликовано: 19 май 2024
- Could we find life around low-mass stars? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice find out why life might be more likely around low-mass stars, what makes brown dwarfs, galactic archeology, and more with astronomer Emily Rice.
Where did the name “brown dwarf” come from? Learn about when brown dwarfs were first discovered and astronomer Jill Tarter’s research on them. We discuss star classification, why the letters are so out of order, and how brown dwarfs are relevant to the field of exoplanets. What is the difference between a brown dwarf and a low-mass star? Find out what the cutoff is for thermonuclear fusion and how deuterium can help low-mass stars fuse a little.
What is the difference between a brown dwarf and a hot Jupiter? Do we know how brown dwarfs are formed? What is the largest dwarf star ever discovered? Learn about age-mass degeneracy and how low-mass brown dwarfs could actually be old high-mass brown dwarfs. Discover the Sun’s tachocline and how the brown dwarve’s magnetic field may operate differently.
What happens when two brown dwarfs collide? What the heck is a blue straggler? Find out about the lifespan of brown dwarfs, galactic archeology, and metallicity. How do you tell the age of different low-mass stars? What would it take to capture a direct image of an exoplanet? We discuss the Trappist-1 System, the Goldilocks zone, and good candidates for Earth-like planets. Plus, a cosmic perspective on the importance of space exploration.
Thanks to our Patrons Anthony Garcia, Matthew Carlson, mike kelly, Brett DiFrischia, Mary Clare V., Peter Ilvento, A dinosaur in dental school, Cedric Rashade Collins, 1874 Homestead, and Bob for supporting us this week.
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00:00 - Introduction: Emily Rice
3:49 - Why They’re Called Brown Dwarves
9:58 - Star Classification: OBAFGKM
13:42 - Brown Dwarves v. Stars v. Exoplanets
18:18 - Brown Dwarves v. Hot Jupiters
19:55 - Also How Are Low-Mass Stars Created?
22:38 - What is the Largest Dwarf Star Ever Discovered?
27:52 - Brown Dwarf Magnetic Field Mystery
34:23 - When Two Brown Dwarfs Collide
39:27 - The Lifespan of Low-Mass Stars
42:13 - Direct Images of Exoplanets
45:05 - Habitability Around Low Mass Stars
48:19 - A Cosmic Perspective 
Наука
What other questions do you have for Emily?
We need to look at the true danger out there. What's being done towards comet & asteroid deflection planetary defense? Thanks guys
So, if BIG stars have short lives, and NEIL is a BIG star, then??????
Yes, can you get Neil to help with IAU in changing the stars? Let's change the stars. What I mean is, get the IAU to, OFFICIALLY, make a new constellation. My idea for changing the stars includes Orion, Taurus and Pleiades (Subaru). Figure it's time to put something up there that's relevant to us, don't you think? Take Orion's belt and "Betelgeuse" becomes the head with a baseball hat. The 3 stars of Orion's belt make up the 3 fat belt loops on a baseball uniform. Below the belt are two legs bending at the knee. "Saiph" is the back foot and "Rigel" is the front foot. The spear pointing at Subaru/Pleiades is the bat and Subaru/Pleiades is the baseball flying away after being hit. "Bellatrix" is the hand that let go and "Aldebaran" of Taurus is the bat's tip. Put it all together and you get, "THE ALL-STAR." In my case, I see a left-handed batter with a, "7," on the jersey. Which makes him, "Mickey." (As it should be) But you can put any number you want, making, "THE ALL-STAR," any player you want. Pass it on, please and thank you. Don't worry, where I come from, crazy is a compliment. ;-P
@@Horror_Film_Aficionado The Dart project is pretty much the only thing that has been officially done. Its essentially a deflection missile that used kinetic impact. (Used for asteroids )
Neil, I want that shirt!
Star Talk is like "Come for the Neil, stay for the Chuck."
An outstanding duo
I listened to Neils audiobook narrated by Neil himself and I was missing Chuck a lot 😂
Also over the last few years I've enjoyed how Chuck went from "clueless layman making puns" to "insightful layman making thoughtful observations and puns"
Binging the whole show I'm definitely the most invested in Chuck's arc
Binging the whole show I'm definitely the most invested in Chuck's arc
Please keep Chuck and his rudimentary approach. He represents a large percentage of your audience… us regular folks with little to no academic knowledge of the topics you cover; what we have is a ton of curiosity and passion to learn. Salute
that's why he's there. he's awesome at being the other host when neil is there.
Thank you for having Emily Rice again. She definitely knows her stuff on low-mass Stars. Kudos Chuck, great imitation imitating the great Joan Rivers...
HEY CHUCK! Maria just called you a low mass star
She is genuinely enthusiastic about the subject matter-not making comparisons but she reminded me of Janna Levin
My Mom loved Joan Rivers! I did not!
@@jeffffff12 I thought she was hilarious. Shortly before she died, that random street interviewer asking her a question about if the president will be 🏳🌈, and her response...💀🤣
Can you guys do 7,8 hours long episodes I can't get enough of your wisdom.
Make a playlist with your favorite episodes, and play it whenever you want. Stream it to your TV, settle in & get comfy, which is what I do when I watch YT.
Please consider doing LONGER episodes. Maybe an hour and a half or even 2 hours?
Yes, we the need more.
I support this
U want documentaries😂
No
Nah you're bugging
Emily has a great sense of humor.
Science/comedy is a bridge for the gap between learning styles for ALL ages , cheers to you guys 👏
One of the best guests you guys have
Love the Op Ivy mention! She has good taste in music
I came to the comments immediately to see if any one else appreciated that reference!
I cheered at that.
for real! that took me off guard, never imagined an astronomer into og ska punk
Me and my friend, Michael, were bored in our class, so he had the absolute genius question of "I wonder how many bananas it would take to cover the largest star." So, we got to work. We found that most sources said that UY Scuti was the largest known star, with a radius of 1.118 billion kilometers. So, we had to convert the kilometers to meters, multiplying by 1000. But, a banana is a meter long, so we had to multiply by 100 to get the radius in centimeters. After this, we looked up the average size for a banana (15-20cm) and used the number in the middle (17.5). So, we divided the radius of the star by the average banana and, before plugging the numbers into the formula for surface area (4πr^2) and we ended up getting 157.6 nonillion bananas. After this, since we decided we could take this further, we found the amount of bananas it would take to equate the mass of UY Scuti. We found the mass of UY Scuti by looking up the mass of the sun (1.989x10^30) and multiplying it by 30 since the source said it was roughly 30 times more massive and then multiplied it by 1000 to get it from kilograms to grams (which we calculated it as 596.7 undecillion). Then we divided by the mass of a banana (we found it to be 180.56 grams) to give us our final answer of about 3.3 undecillion bananas. These are probably wrong, but we had a lot of fun doing it. Though, we now wanted to find how much you'd have to crush all those bananas until they became a black hole. I'd assume it'd be about the same size as UY Scuti's schwarzschild radius, but I don't know for sure. Could you help us understand how you'd calculate that because to find the gravitational constant, you need the gravitational force, and for the gravitational force, you'd need 2 objects according to what we were seeing. Also, thanks for inspiring my love for space and I'd love to watch some more awesome videos about black holes. :)
Wouldn't you find the mass of the smallest black hole and then the mass of your average banana...
@@augustwest9727 I don't think I'm understanding what you're saying, could you elaborate?
@@augustwest9727 How would you be able to find the mass of the black hole?
We already know what the smallest black hole we've found is. So that would be a reasonable basis to start collecting bananas...
@@augustwest9727 I think I might understand what you're saying. If you're talking about shrinking the bananas individually down into Blackholes, that wouldn't be efficient because you lose mass between Blackhole combinations so you'd need more to make up for the mass lost. I'm not sure what the rate of mass lost it exactly, but I can give an example. If one Blackhole with a mass of 80 kg eats another blackhole with 80 kg, you'd have one Blackhole that has a mass of like 156 kg or something like that.
S;peaking of things of 50 years ago in astronomy - Sir Patrick Moore presented a weekly show on the BBC called 'The Sky At Night' for 50 years! So you have a lot of catching up to do. One of the most memorable statements I heard from him was that stars are too hot to burn. Beautiful.
Great show as always, Emily was a fantastic guest and look forward to seeing her again. Keep up the amazing work.
I'm going to the Hayden Planetarium this year for the first time. Coming from Florida Neil!
Enjoy your journey ✌️
I serve with Emily’s sister Sarah Rice… amazing sisters - so accomplished! Thanks for having Emily on.
25:14 “An old high mass thing that’s hot because it’s been around a long time.” Literally my new dating app profile 😂. And 22:46-an incidentally perfect response to Lord Nice making a pun on a last name-please tell me someone noticed this, “Nice!”
Always a pleasure. Thanks y'all.
Thanks Emily. I learned more new things in this one episode of Star Talk than I usually do in three episodes. It was great!
This episode was super informative and presented a lot of awesome stuff
As an amateur astronomer, finding a dwarf star is quite simple. Just look for spectral emission lines that clearly show the presence of a great beard then verify with other imaging techniques if it has a matching pickaxe.
Rock and stone.
The more I listen to Neil, the more I like. Nice character and knowledge. Always a pleasure.
neil is ok, he's no OJ Simpson, now that man could talk and explain things to you that you would never believe.....
Nice character as long as you agree with him...
Definitely a great conversation with Emily.
Always enjoy listening to this show
wow, interesting discussions, full of substance, I have something to chew on for a while!
I love all the "we don't know"s to be honest....means to me Star Talk listeners are asking the state of the science questions! Plus Dr Rice gave context of our current understanding
Whoa, cool new intro. Love it. Always mind blowing.
So, what are the processes suspected of initiating star formation in gas clouds? I love your channel Neil and Chuck.
Chuck's comedic mind is just phenomenal. His timing is the the and Dr. Tyson you also could have done Stand up but thank you for your wonderment of being my personal astrophysicist making it cool. 😎
How does a sun do something every day of its life. In fact, how many days does a sun have? 😂
My man back at it with the crazy camp shirt. From one funky button-down lover to another, respect!
We should not ignorant, that we are not alone. Love your vids. Keep looking up.☝
Never A Dull Moment Learning With You Guy's 🍀💚🧩
Thanks again for hosting such great and diverse scientists, and for making it somewhat understandable for us non-scientists!
Never expected an Op Ivy reference in StarTalk! Love it!! 🤩🫶
I wear astronomical pants and shirts all the time and I try to find ones that I know are really images of stars and planets and galaxies
I’m gonna go look up your shop and buy something
in my neiborhood... i wear black tyedye
I used to wear astronomical pants, but I lost weight. ;)
Where do you get them?
@@roberth721 that was great 😂
OK, Emily just quoted Operation Ivy, she is now officially the most badass guest ever on StarTalk!
OMG! This episode was particularly good. Keep up the good work Gentlemen. Oh and, tell that brilliant Lady Scientist that one of your subscribers would love to borrow her genes for a fusion.🥰😍🥰
Can we really know how old the far galaxies and the stars within actually are?
Yes we have models that estimate them based on the estimated elapsed time the alleged “big bang” (and yes I do understand that we have lots of evidence supporting the idea) but it seems to me that we are still missing something essential.
I look forward to us learning more about those things we don’t fully understand, although I honestly don’t think it will be in my lifetime (I’m 67 at the moment) to the extent that we know what it is that we currently call “dark energy” and “dark mass”.
I’m fine with having a tentative position based on the best available information, knowing it can change. ✌️🍎
@@moonshoes11 sure, it is the best available fit for what data we can confirm.
I’m sure our models will change as we learn more. I am very interested in learning what precisely “dark matter” and “dark energy” are. Right now they just seem like a “placeholder” for what we don’t yet fully understand.
Loving the startorialist merch and clothing line. ❤
I love the fact that if you don't know the answer, you just say, "I don't know". Thanks for giving me an honest answer to my question about the largest dwarf star.
It's precious absolutely. 🔆 Because... Darling You are the World to come... 💕
This is so wholesome ❤
Chuck ALWAYS makes me laugh! He's the best. 😂👏👏
Chucks comedy timing is so perfect
Neil, the Star talker... & Chuck Nice, you are great in every aspect a human being should be here on Earth!!
They are a great duo.
Loved the reference tpo Operation Ivy
Love the Operation Ivy reference around 28:00!
For some reason the title reminded me of Traffic's "The low spark of high heeled boys".. lol
I loved learning about how the 13 jupiter mass distinction between planets and brown dwarfs is falling out of favor. I did not know that.
Yes! Operation Ivy reference! That was the best.
Neil and Chuck combo is my childhood wish.
My new childhood wish*
so, basically like how we looking for nuke's traces in stuff to know if something is antique, we also trace elements from aftermatch of stars' explosion in low mass stars to know if they are old or young.
That Operation Ivy call out got me!!
When they explained"Degeneracy" it reminded me of someone trying to explain the Postulated state of Quantum Superposition."we can't say it is this or that because it can actually be something which is both this and that, at the same time". Odd that is, but whereas Quantum Superposition may actually just be a "Mathematical Artifact" arising from our lack of knowledge, "Degeneracy" is a description of a "Real" observable Phenomena.
27:48 I wasn’t expecting an Operation Ivy reference on Star Talk!
RUclips show me there is a debate on the status of Pluto as a planet or not. As I'm not from the US, I'm an adult, I don't care.
Great show by the way ! Dr Rice is very interresting.
I am glad I watched this video. I was not sure wether brown dwarfs were suns or some other object before I watched this episode.
Neil is such a likeable fellow. He's jolly as well as knowledgeable.
Great Content
This is hilarious, the first thing I thought when I opened this video was "I want that shirt" 😂
What about when a star succeeds? ⭐️
Easy! It’s a hot mess.😂😊
Niel getting one-upped by Emily in the cosmically colorful clothing department is the most wholesome thing I've seen on this podcast.
She was Great! What a wonderful personality! 🎉
Great discussion , I've wondered for years if the gas giants in our solar system were failed stars, due to the common nature of binary star systems, and Jupiter's hydrogen composition. 13 Jupiter masses is the minimal mass limit for gravity induced fusion. Fascinating!
I've always wondered if mercury is the remains of a hot Jupiter that orbited and slowly disappeared over time around our sun.
6:17 Chuck …. Are you stroking the microphone ? 😂😂😂🙈😂😂😂
Heck yes on the Op Ivy reference 😀
Excellent!
13:39 I usually roll my eyes at Chuck when he says this kind of thing, but..
🤣
Is it possible that stars deplete at a very slow pace because of it strong gravitational pull drawing in lighter masses into it to be burned and possibly recycling it's spent elements through the same process????
Anyone know if laminar flow in plasma can compress specific gravity of its container?
My idea is to streamline the flow of plasma to the point of increasing specific gravity in a similar way to wrapping the object in question within a "subsoace bubble" or more functionality making the object more easily slip through any ambient fluid, be it water or air in the atmosphere or interplanetary space.
The idea is to get twice the speed for half the energy input so a pseudo-gravity drive of sorts.
Got my thoughts submitted this morning. Hope they are read. Doesn't have to be presented in a video. Just need verification of my thoughts whether they are wrong or right.
You look great, aunt Emily.
❤ from Dylan Smith.
I am working on a science project involving refraction, will you be having anyone in this field as a guest?? i would love to posesome questions.
Op Ivy mentioned on StarTalk? Christ, we're getting old.
Chuck does a great old man
Chuck is great. So funny 😂
I finally get why it was called a big bang.There was absolute chaos
I am amazed
Hey…I’d like to try some of that Wallace’s Primordial Soup on Neil’s bookshelf. Sounds delicious!😋 No doubt named for William Wallace Campbell, and made by his grandma.😄 (48:40)
Stars are people too. Sometimes they fail. What makes them a star is that they keep trying.
/S
It breathes when it dies
This is actually a bit unrelated to the topic in the video, but the brown dwarf collision got me thinking. How do we get contact binary stars?
Between this and last episode about planet classification, I am reminded of a burning question about how gas giants are considered planets instead of stars. What is the difference anatomically between gas giants and stars, other than mass? If there is no difference, then why lump them in a category with rocky/terrestrial planets and not make them a sub category of star?
Perhaps it’s best I put my $5 where my mouth is in Patreon.
Is that a new opening? Very cool.
those outfits are inspiring!
Love you Neil
Exactly!❤
Sir what's your comment on the new discovery of Nikku Madhusudhan. A Professor of Astrophysics and Exoplanetary Science at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge.
Neil is taking over
Neil resides in sartorial splendor! 😎
Great content! Especially if the speaker could finish their sentences...
I await the day that the newest season of cosmos... has a twist... and the season is: "Chuck Nice teaches you about the cosmos" and it's just Chuck Nice trying his best to remember everything he learned from Star Talk.
QUESTION: lets say you the observer is in a ship close to a black hole and are observing (from a side view) an astronaut going towards the black hole until he appears to stop. keep that exact point in space where the astronaut appears to stop, now take a planet and put its surface right at that point in space (that being that closest point between the black hole and the planet) now lets say the planet was spinning in place and did not start to crumble because of black hole, what would the observer see, because part of the planet would be in a space that seems to stop spinning and part of it wouldn't be in that space. Also would a planet size unbreakable object be able to spin , or just get locked up...
What do you think about Milanković cycles?
I don't know if this is the right place for suggestions. Anyway I hope you could explain the multiverse theory. Is it only fictional? I would love some Neil deGrasse Tyson's opinion on this
Fell in love w her the second she said Operation Ivy.
As soon as JWST gets to the nearest Brown Dwarfs, we'll learn so much more.
Somewhere in space of this commentary, I already attempted to answer, a theory, however, low mass star emission creating the terrestrial Habitability Zone does not reflect the organization of light for signs of life hospitable. Not enough fusion of the helium core hydrogen shelf's, to bring on quite red, M- dwarf.
That was cool ⚜️
A Call of Duty is a great unit of measurement for digital space. 500gb = ~4 x CoD. A terabyte is ~8 Call of Duties.
The Atticus voice! I can't with these guys!😂
I would assume brown stars are more likely to contain planets more like the moons in our solar system. I also assume pairs of brown stars might be as common as it is for larger stars.
“The universe has no obligation…!”😊