Archaic Genomics - Svante Pääbo
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- Опубликовано: 1 апр 2014
- March 27, 2014 - Dr. Svante Pääbo, director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, has helped us understand human evolution by decoding DNA isolated from the dry bones of our ancestors. Using ancient DNA he demonstrated that Neanderthals interbred with humans when modern humans left Africa 50-80k years ago. In another study, Dr. Pääbo sequenced the DNA from a pinky bone found in a Siberian cave. Comparing this DNA to that of Neanderthal and humans his team determined this bone came from previously unknown species of hominid, now called Denisovans. Dr. Pääbo's lecture covered these stories and other tales written in archaic DNA. View also: • Finding our Inner Nean...
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Svante Pääbo: Very smart with a sort of bone dry humor.... and allways a modest guy, that laughs about himself and others in a comfort way. What a pleasure to listen to him when he talks of his "yeenoms" and discoveries....;)
I can't help wondering what we will still discover when the thickest and oldest glaciers melt. There must be so much history hidden there
To the video editor: please don't switch the camera onto the speaker when important information is being presented on the slides. It was infuriating to watch the part at 28:18 without being able to see what he was talking about.
great lecture...very enlightening.... :)
That's interesting. We add a bit of human genome to mice and they become more cautious. Does that mean that as humans were exposed to more dangers, the genes that evolved in us as a response to fear also contributed to higher communication skills. I'm imagining the creation of a vocalization that means "Run form it, Marty." I am also imagining the psychology of, " I knew we should have stayed in the tree", curiosity killed the cat, and the more you know, the more there is to be afraid of.... Oh, and ignorance is bliss.
Thank you! Very interesting!!
Those knockout mice were great in the maze but, once loose in the lab.... they kept organizing groups to relay the rodent poison in the employee breakroom cupboard into the technician's cereal box on a nightly basis until the lab was out of technicians.
Very interesting program!
Love Paabo. When will the paper on the Ust-Ishim bone be published? O when o when?
tack så mycket!
Has anyone studied the genomics of the people known as Homo floresiensis?
***** Unfortunately the answer is NO, Homo floresiensis (the hobbit) has not had any workable DNA recovered from its fossils (possibly because DNA is a lot less likely to be preserved in tropical conditions).
Fertility between species is determined most by chromosomes not mitochondrial DNA base pairs. Also its not guess work; its careful brilliance. Many of these determinations have to do with statistical certainty. Neanderthal DNA exists in humans today. For this to occur without hybridization is statically impossible. Let say a person has 1 percent Neanderthal DNA, then there are approximately 3 million common base pairs. The random chance is 4^3,000,000 to 1. That number is so great that it broke my calculator. This is a far oversimplification, but you get the idea.
It would be so amazing if they can get a Homo erectus genome!
Sky RSA. What exactly do you mean by "test beyond" the estimated age of the branch point of African and non-African homo sapiens? This result - 50kya - is arrived at by sequencing contemporary people's genomes and by estimating mutation rates: mutations / mutations per time = time.
He does also present an estimate for the branch point of neanderthal and sapiens based on his neanderthal genome sequences, it's around 400kya.
You seem completely confused about the genetics yet are commenting prolifically about how you know better about such matters. Consider that you might just be a moron.
It is difficult to understand how the Neanderthal dna is associated with the Y chromosome if male hybrids tend to be sterile...I keep wondering if the Neanderthal dna from the female X line somehow became expressed in the Y line because of some environmental or developmental factor that caused some portions of the (usually silent) faculative chromatin portion of the heterochromata to become expressed during meiosis, and that such an occurrence may have even allowed some male hybrids to be fertile? Hmmmm, I really am curious about that! In some hybrid species the "glue" of the heterochroma does not allow separation of two X chromosomes so that female embryos are unable to develop (though this of course was discovered in a recent study of insects, it may explain some of the sterility found in higher hybrid animals as well).
Who the hell are you lady? You sound like a documentary on PBS. How smart are you anyway?
I like smart women, but you are going to bloody far now. I feel quite dumb & well I can't think of a word to follow and. I said I was dumb.
You are just making this crap up. I just know it. (;)
KENNETH COLEMAN I'm a fairly good writer so I probably sound a lot smarter than I really am lol
Heidi Standell WOW just WOW!! It is an honor to even type @ you baby>(;)
Heidi Standell - Shifting away from biology, I only know that in Judaism, although a nominally patriarchal society, the Jewish ethnicity / identity is passed thru the mother. As the Huns swept thru the steppes of Russia, any offspring of such procreative events were readily accepted into the Hebrew tribe. Life is tenuous. Can't have enough hands to do the work. Pretty practical theology. My lovely Jewish wife is of Russian ancestry and has beautiful almond-shaped eyes.
Heidi Standell I want to write like you & Richard one day. I love word play, but I am not educated.
Are we really a different species from Neanderthal if the hybrid children were not sterile? When other species interbreed (horse/donkeys etc.) their offspring cannot bare young.
Man I respect this man scientifically so much...it's sucks that he's so soft spoken.
The original document of May 2010 stated that Neanderthal genome was 12.7 percent "ancestral", which calculates to about 2 million bases closer to a chimpanzee.
See 19 minutes into CARTA video ruclips.net/video/PGS7unca-ZQ/видео.html
This recent report states that NM is only "31,389" single nucleotide changes apart from modern humans.
Does this mean NM genome had human genes paired with "ancestral" genes ?
Planet of Ths Mice. Coming go a science lab this summer.
Once you've seen one Paabo lecture you've already heard all the jokes.
Good thing I didn't use him for my joke material.
very poor audio
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just won a nobel prize!
totally amazing and i just have to wonder about the work that this took. my first college class was brain and behaviour. loved it, makes me wish i had kept with it. to be slightly cynical and sarcastic... purely african genomes, due to the effect of neanderthal interbreeding, would have greater fertility than those with attribution from neanderthal (all the rest of us males). what a wonderful confirmation of a stereotype? and at the risk of creating an adverse reaction to this research, the admix of neanderthal to non sub Saharan hominids, would perhaps contribute to brain development. after all neanderthal had larger brains. honestly dont know which one i would prefer. slightly smarter and depressed or a huge ability to breed... :) please dont hate me for stating the obvious from the current state of the study... i am looking forward to more research in this science!!!
Your comment reads like it might be based upon misunderstandings of the research. Rather than stating the obvious, your remark doesn't follow from the work at all.
"african genomes, due to the effect of neanderthal interbreeding, would have greater fertility[...]"
Neanderthal interbreeding with whom? Svante's work suggests that the modern human ancestors which stayed in Africa never met any Neanderthals. Neanderthals evolved outside of Africa from an ancestor which left Africa thousands of years before our ancestors explored beyond Africa.
And what is the link to fertility?
Svante's work looking at which Neanderthal variants are more common in modern day humans suggests traits which Asian and European populations gained from breeding with Neanderthals, and mostly includes genes to do with skin and hair, and an allele preserved in Tibetan populations which gives an adaptation to altitude. I've not heard anything about fertility.
As for brain development.
Neanderthals had larger brains, but it's not clear how their brains differed from ours functionally. Neanderthal cave drawings that have been found are very simple, whereas human cave drawings depict recognisable animals and figures. Many extant animals have larger brains than humans.
If you want to link intelligence to brain size for social commentary you could skip the Neanderthal distraction and simply look up brain size variation among modern humans. The largest brains are found in the Arctic and East Asia.
The entire 2nd half of this lecture was about Svante's new focus which is regions of the human genome where nobody - no descendants of the European and Asian ancestors which bred with Neanderthals - retained any matches to Neanderthal genomes: these are regions which make us uniquely human and were important for our species' success. Svante focussed on an example which was an allele which gives humans longer neuronal dendrites.
Happy to discuss further.
Neanderthal, I have not heard anyone suggest a life spent a bit more in trees. Not as a 'monkey' but a person with the ability to do so and does it. Excellent defense from predators, especially at night. Present day bears in Siberia are smart enough to think of it to prevent tigers from eating them. Tiger eats a bear...! Shit! What about a man?
I would like to think that a person and not a Bear came up with the idea. Trees.
Back (or forward) 30,000 years ago, what was on the ground along with them. You can't imagine! They survived there along with everything. Oh yeah! Food for Thought.
I am shocked at the ignorance and prejudice of a lot of the commentators. Any educated, informed scholar knows that all humans came from Africa--likely the San people were the earliest--and the color of skin is minor and based on geography in relation to the intense sun at the equator. We are fortunate to live in the time where Svante Paabo has done all this outstanding research and made sure we know that there is a single human race. All you racists, wake up!
Allway wanted o hear what this man has to say....he's too far above me....wish he was a bit more down to earth so people like me could understand more...
unfortunately..I agree with you . I'm an undergraduate in natural sciences and it is still difficult. level 8 in genetics might get you close.📕📕📕
UUffff.....not me....I just get this urge....to within the realm of the possible, learn as much as possible about where we come from & where we going....jejejejeje
Svante's lecture is given to a room full of professional geneticists and postgraduate students in genetics and close fields. That is his target audience, so do not worry about finding it relatively inaccessible.
Some undergraduate-level courses in genetics would be a good background for this talk.
In my case.....is like a skinny dog dreaming of a steak....the truth is one always gets something...never came out totally empty...never dimay....I enjoy learning things....Thanks!!!!!!!
Read Richard Dawkins's early books such as, in order, the selfish gene, the extended phenotype, and climbing mount improbable. He is also a consummate speaker/professor
When, where and how did humans acquire subcutaneous body fat like a marine mammal and head hair that grows forever, and just a few tarminal hairs on axilla and pubes on otherwise almost hairless bodies????
nej jag är inte Svenska, jag bor I Nederländerna :)
Ever wonder how religion would have explained how man came to be, if Neanderthals never died out?
I want a denisovian mouse
Neanderthal y-dna could still exist and be dominant.
Not likely but possible.
I have friends in germany
The Neanderthal descendants have been offensive to to their African ancestors. Terribly
Can't you see that this guy talking here is a Black African!