Pulmonary Hypertension, Animation
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- Опубликовано: 27 сен 2024
- (USMLE topics) Pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH; Pulmonary hypertension caused by left-heart diseases; Pulmonary hypertension caused by lung disorders or hypoxemia; Pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary artery obstruction. Classification, pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, mechanisms of pathogenesis, treatment.
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Pulmonary hypertension refers to high blood pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs.
The lungs receive oxygen-poor blood from the right side of the heart. After being reoxygenated, oxygen-rich blood returns to the left side of the heart to be pumped out to the body.
Normally, the right ventricle pumps against a low-resistance pulmonary circuit. Increased blood pressure in the lungs results in a greater resistance. The right heart must work harder to push blood through pulmonary arteries. This causes the right ventricle to thicken, enlarge and eventually fail, a condition known as right-sided heart failure.
The most common symptom of pulmonary hypertension is shortness of breath during exertion. Other signs may include dizziness, fainting, and chest pressure or pain. Swelling of legs may occur when right-sided heart failure has developed.
Pulmonary hypertension is classified into 5 groups, based on the cause and mechanism of the disease.
Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH. PAH affects mostly the arterioles, the smaller arteries of the lungs. PAH can be caused by a number of factors, including genetics, certain drugs, and other health conditions. For many cases, the cause is unknown. Regardless of the underlying cause, however, the group shares similar pathological changes. These include: increased activities of vasoconstrictors, decreased activities of vasodilators, and vascular wall remodeling as a result of endothelial and smooth muscle proliferation and chronic inflammation. In addition, the increased vascular pressure injures the endothelium, activating coagulation, producing blood clots that further obstruct blood flow.
Group 2: Pulmonary hypertension caused by left-heart diseases. A number of conditions can lead to dysfunction of the left side of the heart, affecting its ability to pump effectively or to fill properly. When left-heart function is compromised, blood backs up in the lungs, where it came from, causing congestion and increased pulmonary pressure. As this happens, fluid leaks from blood vessels to lung tissue, resulting in pulmonary edema. Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli impedes the gas exchange process, causing respiratory symptoms.
Group 3: Pulmonary hypertension caused by lung disorders or low blood oxygen. When oxygen level is low, pulmonary vessels constrict in an attempt to shunt blood to better-ventilated regions of the lung. Conditions or circumstances that result in low blood oxygen are risk factors for developing pulmonary hypertension. Lung disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also cause lung tissue damage, inflammation and loss of capillaries, which further contribute to disease development.
Group 4: Pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary artery obstruction. Certain chronic disorders can repeatedly produce blood clots, typically in deep leg veins. The clots may travel to the lungs, blocking pulmonary arteries. If these clots do not resolve completely, pulmonary vessels can become narrower and stiffer. Pulmonary arteries may also be obstructed by tumors, parasites, or foreign particles.
Group 5 includes pulmonary hypertension by all other mechanisms.
Treatment should be aimed at the underlying cause whenever possible. Anticoagulants may be given to reduce the risk of blood clots. Vasodilators and supplemental oxygen can help relieve symptoms. However, vasodilators are only effective for certain types of pulmonary hypertension and should be tested for effectiveness before they can be prescribed.
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May Allah protect all of us from minor to severe deseases ameen
Ameen
ameen
Amen
the best video I have seen explaining PHTN clearly, I have been looking for a video like this for hours. Thank you so much!!
I was diagnosed last Oct
I have obstructive sleep apnea, left arterial issues (had pfo closure in February)and edema and water buildup in the lungs 😢😢😢
my wife died of pulmonary hypertension 6 years ago. Right after she started taking Tyvaso. 😔I Really think this drug killed her, she took her last breath trying to take this. 😭 I need help getting accountability to these killer's that took my soul mate, wife, and mother of my kids at 36yrs.😪
good evening condolences for the great loss, tell me please how could i discover this lung disease because i am seriously ill chronically with pulmonary emphysema pulmonary fibrosis spondylitis ankylosis
I'm sorry for your loss
I'm so sorry!
I've been diagnosed wit a pulmonary artery aneurysm.. going to surgeon next week. 🙏
Hlo I also suffering this 1yr go..😣😥
My sister in law 60 yrs was diagnosed with Pul Hypertension few years back was suffering from Ventrical septaldefect ( congenial) and on Oxygen support .Every cough & cold is a nightmare with oxygen levels dipping ,odema on face & legs .
How she is now??
Amazing work you just helped me a great deal
I have this disease. Walking is tiring and it is very difficult to do daily activities. I am currently taking bosentan. But the symptoms did not improve.
After a huge pulimary embolism this is where I am,
Are you fully vaccinated and doubly boosted?
@@wshyangify no I didn't trust the vacc
Love it!
Just got diagnosed
My 2 month baby diagnose with PDA and her palmonary gradient increases. This disease is curable?
Can you upload video on Jugular venous pressure???
It's here: ruclips.net/video/TlhzuJIz_8U/видео.html
I’ve been told my pulmonary artery is swollen. But my blood oxygen is around 88. Which is different to this video. I struggle to breathe in warm places too.
Thank you.this is really good 🤩
Pls upload in fibroid uterus
Wonderful presentation, helpful 👏
I am a PAH patient.
What are your symptoms?
@@reshma.6719 fatigue,breathlessness,weakness. Had to catch my breath. I get worn out doing chores or activities real easy. They picked it up on an echocardiogram. I have to use oxygen therapy because my sats won’t stay up. I get a little chest pain every now and then.
@@reshma.6719 I also have sleep apnea. So I use a C-Pap.
@@reshma.6719 I have breathlessness,fatigue, weakness and some chest pain. I also have sleep apnea. The doctors picked it up on an echocardiogram. I wear oxygen 24/7. I get tired very easily from excretion. My legs haven’t been swelling but my stomach does at times. I have to pee a lot. My oxygen saturation levels won’t stay up without the oxygen therapy.
Nice
Is the heart issue once water fills into it, that's when they call it heart failure?
Thanks a lot !
just got diagnosed with this disease....
Same
Same
You ok?
I think covid gives this
Me too
Mild pah ka b bata de
dera maza a okra yar
❤️
Ho to get membership?
Click on the "Join" button under any of our videos, or on our channel page.
agr koi help ho saky
MY BESTFRIEND DIED FROM THIS SHE IWAS ONLY 14 YEARS OLDDD
Sorry to hear, what is the value of pulnamory hypertension pressure of her
@@santhiyavina2749 last stageeee😢😢😢😢😢❤
I’m 14 and when I was 11 I was at the worst stage at deaths door. I got diagnosed with PAH and I’m slowly getting better. So sorry for your loss
🙏🙏👍👍👌👌💐💐❤❤
1999
You had it since 1999?
Mere wife ko pulmonary hypertension ka problem hai
Mujhe Koi help kar sakta hai kya please
Mai mumbai me rahata hu
Meri wife koi bhi yehi problem hai brother
Bhaiya aap AIIMS me treatment krao unka ya fir vadodara ke hospital me
Meri mummy ko bhi ha please help
Can COVID 19 (SARS COV 2) virus cause Group 1 Pulmonary hypertension (PAH)?
Anybody can reply if he knows?
Yes, it can definitely influence it. There's an article that came out last year regarding covid-19, sars, virus was right heart damage and pulmonary hypertension. It's devastating
@@chanigirlsmith2930 could you please share the link of the article if you have?
I believe it ! Nov. 13 I had Covid for the first time. Began having breathing issues. Went to the doctor today and found out that I have PH
Wat precaution s you are taking
@@sunithakati1903 PH doesn't need any special precaution. The only thing is you need to regularly take your medicines and avoid any strenuous exercise like racing, hill climbing, etc. Also, you should restrict your salt and water intake. Monitor your symptoms and check your oxygen level with a pulse oximeter
I just discovered your many amazing videos. I noticed at least one thing missing that would be helpful: the differences between cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in utero (i.e., fetal) vs extra utero (i.e., from birth until "normalcy").
👌🏻
Thank you so much, May The Great Allah Bless you all
There are two new studies, one from Japan and one from Norway that suggest that PAH is caused by bacteria located in the gut. Similar to discovering that ulcers are not caused by stress, but from bacteria from the gut. I suggest you research this. AND...those of you that are suffering from this malady, talk to your doctor about this...Learn On
hello Rat Lips can you help me locate these 2 studies?
links to studies would be great if poss please
OM NAMAHSHIVAYA
Is this called corpulmonsle
Awesome video
I have had pah for 20 years
Wait for 20 years? You can live that long?
I'm in my tenth year also
Really
@sarasanon3671 yes it's not all doom an gloom
why is there increase BP in the vessels
my son age6 year ko pulmonary hypertension k peroblem ha
I am 14 yr old boy and have this😢
My mother was just diagnosed.
From 1 year im watching ur vedios ,,I am satisfied and get. peace after watching ur vedios
OM NAMAHSHIVAYA
Thanks
Good vid
How splenectomy can cause pulmonary Hypertension?
Assurance tablet and bosandas
Not a dr...so I'm gonna have to google.alot. thanks.
Don’t goggle you’ll scare yourself