How Cyclone Separators Work (How Dust Collectors Work)
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- Опубликовано: 30 ноя 2018
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In this video, we look at the gas cyclone separator. We look at all of its main design features, how it works, advantages and disadvantages, and some of its common applications. By the end of this video, you will have all the information you need to design, maintain and even build, your own cyclone separator (dust collector).
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▶️Components and Design
A reverse flow cyclone separator is an industrial assembly with no moving parts and a simple design.
The main cylindrical part of the cyclone separator is known as the body or barrel. The gradually narrowing conical section is known as the cone.
Un-treated gas enters tangentially through the inlet at the side of the separator. Entrained particles within the gas stream are separated from the gas stream and discharged through the reject port at the base of the separator. Cleaned gas exits through the accept port at the top of the separator.
How Cyclone Separators Work (How Dust Collectors Work)
Gas containing entrained particles enters at high velocity through the tangential inlet at the top of the cyclone. The gas flows into the cyclone body/barrel at a tangent and begins to flow in a circular downward spiral towards the lower reject port; this downward flowing spiral is referred to as a spiral vortex.
The cone diameter gradually decreases which causes the gas velocity to increase. The outer vortex creates an additional inner vortex closer to the centre of the separator body and this inner vortex flows spirally upwards towards the accept port.
Particles with more inertia will impact with the side of the cyclone whilst particles with lower inertia will remain within the gas stream. Inertia can be thought of as a particle’s ability to continue travelling in a straight line even when external forces are applied.
When an external force is applied such as by the cyclonic vortex the particles with low inertia will not continue to travel in a straight line, they will instead travel spirally as they are swept along by the gas stream. Particles with greater inertia will be less affected by the vortex and will continue travelling in a straight line. This straight-line trajectory causes the high inertia particles to move out of the gas stream and impact with the cyclone separator body. These particles then fall to the base of the cyclone separator and out of the reject port. In this way, entrained particles of a certain size can be separated from the gas stream.
Another way to think of this process, is to think of higher density particles colliding with the cyclone body whilst less denser particles are retained within the gas stream. This is not strictly true though as both the density and shape of the particle will affect its ability to be separated from the gas stream.
Particles discharged through the reject port are usually either recycled (off or on site), or, disposed of.
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Want to continue learning about engineering with videos like this one? Then visit:
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Want to teach/instruct with the 3D models shown in this video? Then visit:
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great video! thanks for posting, more design inspiration in 14minutes than I've seen in a long time!!!
This video has all the information I've been looking for for quite a while now. THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!!!!
The best I've seen so far. Thank you!
so helping more than my lecture..thanks
Thanks for uploading this video. very helpful
Very good clear explanation like a college thanks from London and colombia 🇨🇴
Awesome video. Thanks mate. Good luck.
Great video, great presentation and very clear thanks
Great, informative video. Thank you
great video!. thanks for posting
Very well done! Thank you!!
Very interesting. I enjoy learning from your video
Thanks for your content!
Great video! I'm subscribing!
thx v much.. nice explained
From Ankur sir classes🤭🤭.
same here
Thankyou so much for this video
Great video.quite useful👍👍👍
Great explanation, thanks for posting this video
You're welcome!
Thank you so much. I am trying to find a good cyclone for my air brush booth and this is quite informative for low density, small particles like airbrush paint!
IS USELESS FOR AIRBRUSH BOOTH. VERY SMALL PARTICLES THAT ARE MADE TO GLUE TO SURFACES. A GAS WASHER SHOULD BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE.
I liked and understood it when you explained with the diagram
Thank you!!!!
شكرا جزيلا لك استاذي انا اتابعك من ليبيا
thanks very much
Thanks a lot.
Thanks!
Think you’ve nailed this video by pointing out it’s a separater. And that there are in fact two streams
thanks !
Can a cyclone separator be used as a way to remove or prevent dust on industrial installations, like on pipes, corners and confined spaces?
Great video by the way!
What about the geometry of the 'cone'? What effect does the angle of the wall have? Thanks. I just pulled apart my vacuum to clean it and my brain exploded with questions which led me to youtube/your video, thanks! I noticed my vacuum has a cyclone within a cyclone before a filter. I guess the outer cyclone catches the biggest particles, then the inner cyclone catches the smaller particles, then the filter takes away whatever it can of whatever is left.
Thanks, such a clear and beautiful explanation, but i still cannot quite understand why the inner vortex is formed (quasi-forced vortex), is it the difference in the pressure or the design of the bottom itself?
LIked ther video, very educational. Do you have any information on water oil cyclonic separators?
Please do a video for how a desander(Solid-liquid) works
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Does a cyclone separator function the same if the air is forced into it (instead of vacuum force pulling the gas/air out of the top)?
Dealing with a dusty material with chunky material, but the dusty material has igniting potential if ran thru a mototor impeller type (sparks from rotors) so inversing the flow of the gas is preffered.
Sir... Where can be used the cyclone. How can be dispose or use it ??
It doesn't matter what the pressure differential is relative to atmosphere. You can either pull vacuum (below ambient) on the outlet of the separator [which is what you want here.] Or you can pressurize the input (above ambient) to the separator. As long as inlet pressure is at a predefined threshold above that of outlet pressure the separator will work.
Also, consider using a brushless motor as they will not spark when setup & operating properly.
@@b5a5m5 thank you 😊
You dab on the field? (outsource?)
It's a very interesting field, but I'm not proficient enough to design or modify one yet 😁 but I'm learning 🙂
Thanks for the answer.
Excellent video thanks. I have one query I'd like you to help me with please.
At 6:30 into the video (Physics Note) you say... "It is a common misconception that the centrifugal force is the force that separates the particles from the gas stream BUT it is centripetal force that causes the particles to collide with the separator body."
If we use the simple model of a stone being swung around in a circle on a piece of string. I thought the centrifugal force was the force exerted by the orbiting stone on the string (the outward force) and the tension in the string (the inward force), which keeps the stone orbiting in a circle, was the centripetal force.
If that's right then surely:
1. The force that forces the orbiting particles in the air stream to the side of the separator cone is the outward force, that is, it is the centrifugal force..... and
2. The force that the side of the separator cone exerts on the orbiting particles (the inward force), which keeps them 'orbiting' in the spiral, is the centripetal force.
So, IF the "force that separates the particles from the gas stream" (to which you refer) is the "force that forces the particles in the air stream to the side of the separator cone" (to which I refer), THEN the "force that separates the particles from the gas stream" (to which you refer) is the centrifugal force and it is not the centripetal force, which you say it is.
Putting it another way surely, the "force that separates the particles from the gas stream" (to which you refer), is the outward force, which is the centrifugal force. Is it not?
Please elucidate for me,
Thanks
Tony
@@savree-3d Thanks for this reply and for your first one. I'm going away for a few days and will reply to both very early in the New Year.
I don’t agree, I’ve found no other research to corroborate your statement. I’ve also been a gold miner for years and have never heard my cyclones running with centripetal force.
You are right.....its the centrifugal force that separates the particles from the gas stream......I checked many sources.
@@rishivardhan9147 Hi Rishi, that's great. I'd forgotton about it all because I posted my comments 2 years ago. So it's great to have your reply. All the best to you, Tony
The force by the string is a centripetal force, the stones mass feels a centrifugal force. The centripetal force is the force that acts to cause an object to curve toward a center, so in the case of the dust separator, it is the air causing the dust to curve. If you think it is the wall of the cone that is causing the inward force, think about a tornado; what one sees is the dirt and debris trapped inside the air vortex, sans a cone wall.
The force the cone walls exert is a frictional force.
The frame of reference determines on how the force is perceived, but it is the inward pull, that as you correctly state with the string analogy, that causes the air to swirl
Please do a similar type video for bag filter
Is it necessary, or beneficial to make it tapered twords bottom? Also should I put a damper over the chamber collecting the dust in bottom? Thank you!
No
Can you explain more about "the vortex effect", i don't understand why when the gas goes down, the flow would go back up to the acceptance port above? Do all the clean gas in the cyclone flow like that or there is a little of them go through the reject discharge part? Thank you.
@@savree-3d thank you, i really like your videos, keep up the good work :D
I guess the vortex area is like the eye of a tornado/cyclone, relatively low pressure so the gas naturally is drawn there?
Would you please explain how to solve the problem of back flow of the air due to moisture in powder? The air with the powder reverses and comes out from the airlock and becomes dusty
at 8:34, is that "gravity sifting chambers"?
I'm confused by the function of (or need for) the conic section. I've seen lots of designs on youtube for DIY separators which do NOT feature a conic section at all and yet demonstrably remove well over 90% of the particles from the stream.
Please sir I need to construct a hydro cyclone suitable for separating palm kernel from the shell I need the dimension of all the parts,cylinder, cone,vovex finder,reject and accept port etc etc thank you
Plz explain hydrocyclone..
What is alternative of cyclone for sticky material?
ironically, recent dyson vacuums are unlike this cyclone separators anymore
Great video. I'm gonna watch this again when I'm not drunk. Maybe I can absorb easier your info. :D
Lol I’m high and Adhd and can’t pay attention to this either, I bet it awesome info though. 1 year later, did you finally get sober?
Hello wonderful people from Savree!
I bought a subscription to the site because I am interested in studying cyclones. Savree.com has the model, but there is and there is no option for me to speed up/slow down the video presentation of it (there is no video actually). Is this a bug? In the previous videos on cyclones, the narrator says that one can look at the cross-sectional area and that one can play with the video animation of the operation of the cyclone. Please help! Thank you :)
when you say about density when the particle density is small, the efficiency decreases,....what does that entail? That the lower density particles are likely to escape to the upper port? I want to design something that actually encourages that in order to separate different particles.
Yes.
How do I wash river sand and remove pebbles and rocks from the sand during washing
Hello,
Can a Cyclone Separator be used to completely remove sand and dirt from cruched plastics? The plastics are crushed into cornflakes sized bits and I need to separate the sand and dirt.
Please help.
William
Maybe have a look at am zig zag throat.
@@janaswanepoel7947
Zigzag
@@janaswanepoel7947 am zig zag throat
❤
m in the centripetal force equation F = mv^2/r should have been the particle mass, not the particle size.
I don't understand why smaller c.s's are more efficient and remove smaller/finer dust particles.
I must have missed the why there. Looking to design a small shop system with moderate airflow. It only need cover one machine or task at a time.
I can not return air to the room if it contains fine dust. It's a bit of a problem exhausting conditioned air, replacing it, and placing fine dust out of the shop, too. Air-2-air heat exchange is a possibility, but that is not very effective on a small scale. Stuck....
Nice video and animation, I found it helpful.
But sorry, I'm gonna nitpick a little since you've explicitly made a "Physics Note" section in your video.
Your equation at 6:48 reads: F = (mv)^2/r. The 'm' should not be squared; correct equation for centripetal force on a particle in uniform circular motion is m*v^2/r. I don't know why you're calling it 'particle size', since that is ill-defined and can mean different things in different contexts. Presumably 'size' would mean a linear dimension, or some power of a linear dimension. But if that's the case, then your equation would have the wrong units for force. It should obviously be 'particle mass'.
Also, it's misleading to even mention 'centrifugal force', since it's not actually a force - only the misperception of there being a force where none actually exists. Now you have confused commenters asking what is providing a 'centrifugal force' - there is nothing providing it since it doesn't exist. The only forces relevant here are (1) the centripetal force of the air stream acting on the particles entering the cyclone separator, (2) gravity, and (3) the normal and friction forces exerted by the walls if a particle's mass and geometry are such that it cannot remain entrained within the airstream.
At 6:34, you state "it is the centripetal force that causes particles to collide with the separator body", which is incorrect. The particles collide with the separator body when their mass and geometry are such that the centripetal force of the airstream is insufficient to keep them entrained. If anything, it is the centripetal force that *prevents* the particles from colliding with the separator body.
Apologies if I'm being too pedantic.
Totally agree with you, in fact same confusion arose from my side which you have perfectly cleared out!
Thks, a couple of questions:
?Is a street cone the best practical item to DIY cyclone dust separator??
Building a Street Cone Dust Seperator / Eigenbau Zyklonabscheider Fliehkraftabscheider Staub ruclips.net/video/mdLbf7-F6KA/видео.html
?Can a well design/made cyclone separator separate humidity from air?
for anyone in the know... when these are used in a vaccuum application, what is to stop the vac from drawing air through the port where the dust is supposed to exit, bypassing the whole system? i would assume it has to be a closed system for this to work right
Yes, diy dust separators are usually made with a bucket and two ports, being the top one, the vacuum inlet.
1. 4:18 This is where the video should start. No sense talking about variations or combinations of cyclones till the essence of a cyclone is first explained.
2. Might be helpful to explain why the inner "inverse" vortex forms and how it prevents the gas stream exiting downwards along with the dust.
3. 6:45 *r* is not the radial distance from the cyclone wall. It's the radius of curvature of a colliding particle.
Your final diagram ( at 13:13) of the multi suction inlets demonstrate an inaccurate diagram with the base of the cyclone discharging the waste into an OPEN container. WRONG!!! The suction is defeated as this would allow suction entry!!!
I love internet tutorial 99% are useless like this one. Outer vortex creates inner vortex, yeee, but WHY??? What physics law cousing it? Its like i would say: too many neutrons will cause neclear blast. GREAT EXPLANATION!!!
It's the inertia of the air at the inlet that causes the swirling. If you notice the design the inlet to the cyclone chamber is tangential to the chambers walls. The small amount of inertia of the air keeps the air moving in the direction it entered the chamber. It then "collides" with the wall and follows it. Then once the air reaches the bottom of the chamber it has to move upwards since the cavity below is of neutral pressure relative to the chamber since it should be sealed to the chamber. I state the air has to move upwards, but that doesn't mean it stops twirling. I also believe there's a point at which the twirling air naturally goes back up defined by velocity of the air (and density but assuming that's a constant normal atmosphere.) I don't think it necessarilly has to go all the way down the funnel. Would love to see a clear separator with some smoke markings to see if that's correct.
Thanks!