Swift - Class vs. Struct Explained
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- Опубликовано: 4 июл 2024
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Classes vs. Structs is a classic iOS Developer Interview question. In this video I explain the difference between a reference type and a value type as well as when to use a struct or a class. This tutorial was created using Xcode 14 and iOS 16.
iOS Developer Interview Questions Playlist:
• Swift Interview Tips
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seanallen.teachable.com/
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Book and learning recommendations that help out the channel if you decide to purchase (Affiliate Links):
Paul Hudson's Hacking With Swift:
gumroad.com/a/762098803
Donny Wals - Combine:
gumroad.com/a/909014131
Mark Moeyken’s SwiftUI Books:
www.bigmountainstudio.com/swiftui-views-book/fzc51
Objc.io Books (Thinking in SwiftUI & Advanced Swift):
gumroad.com/a/656585843
Ray Wenderlich Books:
store.raywenderlich.com/a/208...
#swift #softwaredeveloper #iosdeveloper
Timestamps:
0:00 - iOS Interview Question
0:21 - Short Answer - Reference vs. Value Types
0:48 - Class - Reference Type
2:35 - Struct - Value Type
4:18 - When to use Class or Struct 
Наука
you’re really crushing it with these videos Sean. Not only the clear way you teach things, but also the high quality of the videos with all the animations / transitions and such. Masterful 👏
You explained this so well! Was learning about this in Swiftful Thinking’s video playlist but had trouble understand. Your analogy is a gem!
Glad it was helpful!
As a practicing IOS developer I’m aware of class / struct differences, yet your explanation is the best I’ve ever encountered 🎉🎉🎉
Good simple explanation! Just one small detail (but it is just nit picking), is that at 3:40, the struct is not instantly copied once you assign it to a new variable. It is only copied once you mutate the new variable, since structs in Swift use CoW (Copy-on-Write) semantics.
yep, but no one cares :D
@@Stricken174 This is actually asked in some interviews ;) Also, it can be important to know when dealing with performance issues. But ofc if you are just learning these concepts as a beginner, it is not important at all.
Agreed. These videos are meant for those studying for their first Jr dev job. You’re not gonna fail a Jr dev interview if you don’t explain CoW semantics. There’s a balance in teaching of not going too deep into the weeds that you overwhelm the learner.
@@nX- Thats true, but some of interviewers have no idea about cow) Good to know it for yourself.
The bigger error is that he claims structs are objects.
Great video! From a simple point of view in swift is “safe” to assume you can use struct by default unless you need class specific features. Structs seem like class-lite
you know I have learned today! not everyone is meant to be a teacher seriously, same topic same code different explanation. With these guy I understood the difference in less than 5min you're the best
This is better than my university lectures, thank you!!
Thanks for the kind words :)
52sec too late notification.
Great content, I enjoy the way you teach.
this explanation was the best sean. Thank you very much
You're very welcome!
Very informative. Thanks.
Also classes have initializers/deinitializers due allocation on the heap
Great stuff!
Glad you enjoyed it, Preston!
Hi Sean can you please make a tutorial on “ State Machine Design in Swift” ? Please please
The most interesting bit you unfortunately didn't cover. What happens if the properties of a struct are not primitive types? How does that influence the reference vs value situation? That's where it gets a little more tricky to reason about. Otherwise a nice explanation.
clear explanations!!!
Great explain
Google sheet example was nice
Another great video with analogy. One question I have though, does it matter, when creating a struct, the properties are declared as ‘let’ or ‘var’. I am sure there is a difference but what is it is hard for me to picture. Any hint you can point to?
Exclamer I'm not a swift developer I just threw up the wiki and used my knowledge of other languages.
If you have a struct:
struct Point {
var x: int
let y: int
}
And an "instance" :
var p = Point(x: 0, y: 0)
p.x = 5 //works p.x is now 5
p.y = 4 //error p.y is immutable
If you declared p with let:
let p2 = Point(x: 0, y: 0)
p.x = 5 //error p is immutable
p.y = 4 //error p is immutable
In short the higher level var/let decides for all underlying fields. Imagine it like a tree where every let is a dead end and var is another emerging branch.
Hope this helps and is somewhat correct.
Thanks!
Tank you !
Thank You mate ! really helpful video
Glad it helped
Good series on the way to Junior IOS dev and to sum up before interviews
Best of luck on the interviews!
Could you please add “Closures” to your Swift course? I’m currently doing your SwiftUI course and I’m having a wonderful time! You explain the material better than my Lecturers at University. Thank you
Glad you’re enjoying them! I did a recent video about closures here - Swift Closures Explained
ruclips.net/video/ND44vQ5iJyc/видео.html
beautfiul explanation liked and subscribed
Glad you liked it!
A reference type lets the calling code store the input value remotely in the class. Value type is a struct that lets the calling code block store the input value locally inside itself.
How do structs behave as part of swiftui observable objects? I bumped into some weird behaviors when relying on observable objects having nested structures in them. Textfields with bindings & cursor jumping to very end of text when editing in the middle of a field namely. Another video on this maybe? Thanks for well made videos - I’ve learned quite a bit from them!
There are some issues / features when it comes to when views are redrawn, it gives greater control when done right.
very helpful
Glad it helped
super helpfull
Your analogy would be great if you had mentioned that you were not using Excel with cloud features. Since you have not, you made it look like Excel is stuck in time.
why do we use struck instead of class can you elaborate it further
Bro Struct in Swift not a "pure value type", if you don't know - it's a "value semantic type", and proceed using the struct sometimes you may get unusual behavior related storage in heap or stack memory allocation
Bro you explain things in a way that I actually understand. I’m learning this from scratch with no coding experience, so trying to learn the why behind why things are coded a certain way and the functions has been a challenge.
nice
New to Swift, but 50 years coding experience. Did you mean to say that a Class Instance is by-ref rather than a Class?
yes
What about actor
Struct is to create Type which is not same as Class which create Object
Bro please I just purchased your SwiftUI Mega Bundle. But can you please recommend me a Mac machine to buy for the course please
What's your budget? Right now you can buy a Mac M2 mini for about $500. This is the best deal going if you're OK with being chained to a desk. If you want something portable, an M1 or M2 MacBook Air is a fantastic buy. Alternatively, you can buy a used M1 MacBook Pro.
@@bobweiram6321 am planning to buy MacBook Pro 13 m2 chip
I would suggest any apple silicon Mac mini. Extremely powerful for a frankly ridiculously low price. If u want portable get a used 13” M1 or m2 MBP for battery life and fans
@@Daystarjn if you want a MacBook buy m2 air or 14“ pro the 13“ is just a more expensive air with old design. Or you could go for a cheap m1 air.
I'm still astounded that arrays and dictionaries are structs.
so struct is just like a structure. like a school who have their preset ( lessons teachers infrastructure) unchange, while class is the class itself, moving towards grade, to the next, inheriting previous knowledge acquired
Congratulations on making a simple topic more complex with this explanation 😂.
But then if it somehow works for you, more power to ya.
Your analogy nested classes inside structs. Making a class a property or feature of a struct.
in the swift UI example, it reads "struct LoadingView: view"... isnt that inheritance? great video Sean!
I see where that could be confusing, but in the case of a struct you are conforming to a protocol when you do that. So "LoadingView" is conforming to the "View" protocol.
@@seanallen super clear. thanks sean!
Your explanations are spot on Sean.
I appreciate it, Chrispy!
Yeah…sticking with C…
Not sure why my comment was deleted, but I said Structs being light weight doesn't make sense since they are passed by value. There's a lot of coping, creating and destroying of data. That is performance heavy.
I didn't delete any comment. And in my comments backend, I see the comment right below this one (would provide a screenshot if I could)
@@seanallen I think it was RUclips delaying my comment for some reason. I saw it pop-up.
Structs being light weight because they're passed by value doesn't make sense. In many languages reference types are light weight, since only one instance of that thing exists. Creating and Destroying objects has a severe performance cost. Value types are also copied. In your SwiftUI example it looks like Structs also have inheritance. They inherit from View.
Nah they don’t inherit from View, they conform to the View protocol
I absolutely loved watching Swift - Class vs. Struct Explained by Sean Allen on RUclips! As someone who is starting out in iOS development, this video was incredibly helpful in explaining the differences between classes and structs. The way Sean explained the concept of reference types and value types was easy to understand, and the visuals he used to illustrate his points were very effective.
I want to thank Sean for making this video and for sharing his knowledge with the iOS development community. His clear and concise explanations make even the most complex concepts easy to follow. I also appreciate the discount code he provided for Squarespace - I'm definitely going to check it out!
Overall, I highly recommend this video to anyone who's interested in iOS development or is preparing for an interview. Sean's expertise and teaching style make this video a must-watch for anyone who wants to improve their understanding of Swift programming. Thank you, Sean!
xxxxx😂❤😂😂😂
You also can use inheritance in struct. But their inheritance does work only for protocols. So you can't say there is no inheritance in struct. 😉
That’s not inheritance, that’s protocol implementation/ compliance