Why is precision timekeeping so important? - with the National Physical Laboratory
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- Опубликовано: 31 июл 2024
- Delve into the fascinating and delicate realm of timekeeping. Discover how atomic clocks have replaced the Earth as our time reference and how the present and future challenges in measuring and delivering time are met by the home of UK time, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL).
00:00 Intro to time measurement
3:14 How timekeeping was standardised
8:37 The atomic clock revolution
12:11 How is time now measured with UTC?
19:02 Why is accurate time needed by the finance sector?
21:07 Accurate time stamps prevent stock market crashes
28:03 How NPL supports the financial sector
33:11 Why time is a hidden utility for GPS
37:26 The risks of position, navigation and timing dependency
40:37 The future of the time scale
43:57 A nationwide timing infrastructure
46:43 Optical atomic clocks for the future
48:04 How do atomic clocks work?
55:05 The extreme accuracy of optical clocks
1:01:19 Redefining what a second is
Join our RUclips channel membership and get access to the Q&A for this talk here: • Q&A: Why is precision ...
This lecture was recorded at the Ri on 26 October 2023.
We kick off with Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist with many years experience exploring the world of timekeeping. Peter takes us on a brief journey through the history of time, explaining how the national time scale is created today, and how it is a key part of the global collaboration that creates the precise time and frequency measurement on which life and business relies today.
Resilient time signal dissemination from the national time scale is crucial to NPL's mission, ensuring traceable timestamping and time synchronisation across industries, enhancing market clarity in the financial sector, and enabling regulatory forensics in the event of a crash. Elena Parsons will share valuable insights into how NPL spearheads the delivery of resilient time signals, granting industry access through innovation and service nodes. Gain a deeper understanding of the vital role played by NPL in maintaining accurate and reliable timekeeping.
Looking to the near future, Leon Lobo, a visionary in the field, shed slight on what lies ahead for the world of timekeeping. Exploring the strategies and innovations aimed at future-proofing resilient time, mitigating our over-reliance on weak and vulnerable signals from space-based global navigation satellite systems such as GPS. Learn about the leading-edge initiatives spearheaded by NPL to ensure timekeeping remains robust and adaptable in an ever-changing world.
Lastly, looking even further ahead at developments in precision timekeeping, we close the lecture with Rachel Godun, a principal scientist in the field, who unveils NPL's research programme into next-generation optical atomic clocks. Discover how these clocks will improve the performance of future time scales and are so accurate that they will even be used to redefine the unit of time itself.
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Very interesting and informative, but I do wish they could come up with a different mic system hate hearing mouth noises.
Maybe they aren't familiar with newer technologies?
@@BDD201which technology is best? Far field microphone?
This guy just needs to get the spit out of the corners of his mouth. Like, dude.
Faraday be like:😮
Well, most talking involves mouth noises. Unless you talk out of, well, some other place.
Amazing talk!! Very informative & interesting!!
I think the next lecture should be one by a professional sound engineer, on how to prevent unwanted mic noise.
And someone who can tell the presenters to quit their lip smacking. And maybe take a sip of water once in a while.
yup, couldnt get through 40 seconds of the recent "What is a white hole?" video either for the same reason. supposedly eating a green apple beforehand would fix it
7:40 Not all of the rotational enery that is lost due to tidal friction is turned into heat, another part is put into potential and kinetic energy of the Earth-Moon system, by slightly increasing their distance.
15:16 - I bet they use that one as the punch clock for their employees.
"Ah, Jennings, I see you were 0.00000000014405 seconds late yesterday."
33:16 I never heard the nature of the ‘crisis,’ i.e., the exact timing dependency risks. Did Leon Lobo ever specify what the actual costs were, despite his continued dramatization, of loosing timekeeping accuracy? Yes, I can imagine some of them in the most general way, but this is an RI lecture! Maybe I missed it, but it seems like he assumed his audience was already familiar. Anyone else notice?
Yeah it was not well explained, the map had too large scale to be relevant for the “crisis”. Also the interception seemed to be solely on the Israeli side and green in the Gaza side. Don’t understand what was his point.
Really exciting talk! It's very interesting to hear about how complex it is to keep time worldwide in sync!
But for several years I was wondering: who decided to build the time measurement on the sexagesimal system? Why did one choose to measure the time in 2 x 12 hours, minutes, seconds and so on? I found one hint that in some eastern areas of turkey they still use 12 to count until today (you count with your thumb using the 12 bones of the fingers!) Is there any info or source you can suggest?
Babylonian.
thank you very much. this helps! :)
@@Kargoneth
Sir Sanford Fleming, who worked as an engineer for Canadian railways
Berlin is much closer to London than the moon. So if 10^-18 is one atom diameter to the distance to the moon I guess if the distance between those cities "changes" by an atom width then this introduces an uncertainty much higher than 10^-18... Would have been interesting to hear something about how this is addressed.
57:00
In order for dopplershifts to be within a fraction 10^-18, the speed must be less than 3×10^-10 m/s. With an atomic mass of 173.04, an Ytterbium ion has a mass of around 2.87•10^-25 kg
Boltmann's constant is 1.38•10^-23 J/K, meaning that thermal kinetic energy averages to 0.5 mv^2 = 0.5 × 1.38•10^-23 T (per dimension).
Plugging the found mass and maximum speed into this and solving for T gives
T
Try Physics stack no one’s gonna know that here
I have a Casio watch.
Good
A very interesting subject. Also very interesting is how the title page shows a different man to the presenter of the talk. Was there a related presentation immediately before this one which was presented byx someone else?
I believe that the man on the "title page" is Mr "Leon Lobo"(?), who starts his presentation @33:09.
Though I don't think it as impossible that different versions of "title pages" are presented to different viewers, all in the quest to" maximize engagement"
I'm pleasantly surprised it's not i was going to say something
thin started off kind of boring but the final presenter made it sound so much more interesting and relevant .
what a 'time' to be alive 😎
Isn't the optical clock the best way to measure the gravitational potential?
What is an optical clock?
@@kayakMike1000 An optical clock is the clocking of the frequency of light returned when passed through a particular atom - as opposed to clocking the frequency of the atoms constituent parts (which is an atomic clock)
A new definition of time is one the way 🥳🔥🔥🎉💃.
It's a shame there wasn't the option to ask questions (or it wasn't recorded) as I would love to have heard the answer on "why" on the last subject: I understand that with optical clocks we can measure time more precise than with the current Cesium based clocks and it was said "thus we need a new definition of the second"; but I didn't hear actually why... That we're able to do it doesn't perse mean that you have to. What is with the current second that requires a new definition other than that it is possible: what new does it allow?
The second is defined in terms of a cesium atom.
They did explain why. We can measure more parts in a second and measure more interval periods to determine passage of time at smaller intervals which allows us to gauge distances and age of things to a higher degree of accuracy based on these values. For the layman it doesnt matter. For people involved in fields like cosmology, astronomy, spaceflight and other specialised industry, we can calibrate things to better accuracy.
In the description. You have to purchase a membership.
Why did we need to change the meter from a physical rod to a lightbeam? Because it is more reliable
because line goes up, and people with money need the line to go up to make their money turn into more money...
Someone always whines about the sound it's free live with it
Mean Solar Time really hurt me. 😜
Coordinated Universal Time intones the lonely man's voice from Fort Collins / Boulder.
If you want a fault-tolerant and resiliant system, then you should make a distributed timing infrastructure that anyone can use and participate with. Imagine every willing computer around the world.
13:30 works fine.
Optical clocks ⏰, where can I get those? 100 times better than the Caesium ones, interesting.
⏰
Wooo
what about one Mississippi
Lumch, obviously!
No mention of that time is quantum. It actually seems quite messy to try and harmonise clocks at different gravity levels.
Are you referring to planck time? I'd say since that is of the order of 10^-44 s the 'granularity' of time would not be noticeable
A.I. tech could fix the audio fairly easily - removing all the extra sounds. RUclips will probably have a one click option to fix the audio within a year.👍
Why does the metrology community want to introduce a global system to measure time orders of magnitude better? Nothing was said about real world advantages. Doesn't it make resilience
orders of magnitude more difficult?
Turns out the Doctor is right: time IS Whibberley wobbly.
gosh, I have to bail, I cannot cope with the microphone extraneous noise.
I brew a cup of tea and prepare myself for a nice armchair science!
wow, it's like listening to someone archaic trying to defend a concept that doesn't exist. a rock spinning time piece. Timelessness to emergence of time.
Time isn't relative anyway😅
Amazing technical solutions were presented, but fixing the annoying mouth clicks captured on microphones? Guess we'll get quantum gravity solved before that...
First talk was particularly bad, that gentlemen seemed to be chewing cellophane.
Maybe listen to what is said rather then how it is said.
The speaker really needed to have a glass of water and maybe move his mic further away or pass the audio through a low pass filter. I can't listen to this because of all the clicking and clacking, it was driving my insane.
It's a mic problem. Same with most other RI talks, which rules out anything to do with the specific speaker.
Kahnemann’s Focusing Illusion - when a top time scientist wastes their career on developing microsecond time stamps for stock markets that should instead be legislated to minimum hour-length timestamps. Markets don’t need gambling-enabling, they need simplified, understandable, regulation by governments.
It's not really. It is a completely created dependency.
If they redefine the second, then that will change the definition of the meter! What a mess! I am switching back to inches and feet.
Unfortunately, the inch is now defined as being exactly 25.4 millimetres. It got metricated around 1960.
Nothing better than the classics.😅
Changing the _definition_ and changing the _value_ are two different things. Also, inches and feet are actually defined as a submultiple of (you guessed it) the metre, so you'd still have exactly the same (non) problem.
I say go back to Egyptian cubits or Indian yojana.
americans just love feet, what can i say
The NOW is now TIMING.
Less a scientific talk, more a long advert for NPL's expensive time service for financial markets, with the usual scare stories about GNSS outages
Accurate time is used for tax purposes only. Look the clock moved, time to raise taxes.
Atomic clock need for encryption that can't be cracked so easy.
Summary:
TIME IS MONEY
or at least the manipulation thereof.
The organizers, probably: Ah, yes, let's give the good michropones with good mouth noise filtering to the boring talks, and the rubbish microphones with every possible sound the internals of a mouth can make amplified, to the actual interesting talks. To even things out, you know
I was super interested to watch this but I can't handle the lip smacking mouth sounds.
That mouth noise was nauseating, can't get past even one minute...
his mouth smacking really erks th out of me. Drink some water before you give a lecture
It's the microphone. The same thing happens with most other RI talks.
@@beeble2003 So you're telling me that the RI can't afford better microphones?
@@beeble2003 RODE ftw
@@SuperBongface I'm telling you that the audio of RI lectures consistently includes intrusive mouth noises, regardless of who's speaking. It might not literally be the microphone, but it's the audio set-up in general. No other channel has this problem.
How is this guy halfway through going to teach us about precision time when he can't master the use of a toilet lol
free palestine
finance sector booooo. bunch of rich people making money from having money
Pleaaaaaase... We appreciate you, Royal Institute. However, get your MIC straight. We want to listen to Input of Knowledge and not to Saliva and Schmatzen due to improper Audio-Settings. We've noticed this for almost a year now!!!!
Yeah, there's far too much mouth-noise in these talks. It's really distracting.
Maybe listen to what is said rather then how it is said.
@@universeisundernoobligatio3283 Some people are sufficiently grossed out by things like this that they can't just ignore it. Emotional reactions like that aren't a conscious decision and telling people to just get over it really doesn't help.
@@beeble2003
Some people are such butter cups, how did they ever live through early telephone, radio and TV audio.
So the reason accurate time is important is so some rich mucky muck can play money games without bringing the money markets to their knees.... not much else. Knowing where the ship is right now is nice though. I can't really think of a another reason knowing time better than 2 or 3 seconds matters Most people still respond with times like "half past" or "a quarter to" anyway. The main purpose of metric seems to be the dehumanization of units. Like we had 100mm of rain, whats wrong with 4inchs or even 10cm. even computers don't think in 10s. We can send people to the moon with only 3 significant digits, I'm less impressed than some. When the sun comes up, it is still time to get up. Whatever UTC might say.
Let’s see if we can get through one talk without leftist talking points…or any political points for that matter.
Cry harder fascist. 🤡
Blee blee blee blah, there are more important things in life dawg
Like what?
What is not leftist is of the right and vis-a-vis. No political point is also being political in some way.
My point - take the facts, decide on your opinion
That is difficult given that facts have a well known leftist bias.
so dull