Getting this compliment in early in hopes you see it before it gets buried. Your videos have demystified the fundamental parts of computers I had thought I wasnt smart enough to understand. You have given me the confidence to feel like I can tackle any computer challenge I come across. I ravenously wait for your next video after each one is released. Thank you!
I hardly ever comment on anything, but the quality here is insane. Not just the graphical quality either, the quality and accessibility of the information blows my mind. Like others have said you are a wizard at demystifying the concepts you explain. I come from a mechanical engineering background but feel as though even I can grasp these concepts now. Keep up the good work! You've made a lifelong fan here.
Man, I recentely commented the same thing as you, I never comment on youtube videos, but this guy is simply extraordinary, I had to share the video with everyone I know. It just blows my mind how can someone teach something so clearly.
This is truly amazing, as a low level enthusiast, I now know what processes really look like at the low level, you really explained the concepts in one of the most beginner friendly ways possible. Keep going George! looking forward for the next episode.
Once again, the production and educational quality are absolutely marvelous! Even though I’ve already read about many of these things, the visuals always solidify my knowledge and somehow excite me because I get to live in this wonderful era of computing. Please keep it up.
@CoreDumpped your creations are excellent. I'm waiting for video of Virtual memory, mapping of virtual memory to physical memory, pages, page tables,TLB. Please make it proper descriptive take your time and make us understand it crystal clear.
your work is truly amazing but if possible share some of the resources is description section so that viewer who is interested could understand it more clearly. thank you for amazing content
The explanation is... brilliant!) Ever wondered what those registers are, now I understand that this is just a cpu space to load data from memory for execution. Thank you so much!
I'm currently taking an OS subject at university, and oh my god, what a perfect timing. Your videos are really helping me to better understand theory around the subject. Nice video, I'll be waiting for next!
I love your videos. I've finished university a few years ago and some concepts started to fade away from my mind but your videos are not only a perfect refresher but also add some new and interesting information. And so well produced. I do hope you keep getting more and more sponsorships
This is unbelievably good!! This is exactly what I want to learn as a junior software engineer who lacks a computer science degree. Said by a few others in the comments, there is a big interest in this content. Thank you.
woah this was extremely easy to follow, and thank you for using rust for the example code, I think rust is the best language to show examples for such concepts
I don't usually coment on any video, but this channel has something different. You explain these low level concepts in a way no one else does. The clarity of the explanations is astonishing. Keep going, you're doing a great job! I can't wait to see your next videos!
They should show this video in IT department classes. The visualizations are incredibly fascinating. I recommend your videos to other developers. I can see that they are starting to understand more.
Following you for almost more than 6 months+... You truly are Criminally Underrated RUclipsr... Even after Subscribing I am Not getting your Videos Update... I have to manually Come here to see if any New Video is being Uploaded.
Oh my goodness, I could like the video a thousand times over. The Process Control Block has been the missing piece for me all this while. This is such a great resource
I have watched every video that you have made here, and I just want you to know they are extremely well done! Thank you so much! You are definitely making an impact to the world of learning :) PS: if videos like these are used in college, professors can probably skip the lecturing part and just do Question and Answer.
Hey George. Your videos are incredibly satisfying to watch. They let me follow your train of thought both visually and by listening to your well-articulated words. I get multiple "aha" moments in each video. I'm sure tons of work goes into creating each one, so I hope you can keep it up.
Wonderful video! The part where you show files as something that is not part of the program but the process has helped me better understand the question I asked you in the previous video (I had thought the file was part of the data section, so I had thought that if the data section was different, they were different programs). Thank you for making these videos, you tackle most of the questions the viewer might get visually and in detail. Looking forward to more videos from you!
14:10 I am not sure about the memory limits part. Each process works in a virtual address space so when it wants to fetch anything from it the MMU just translates it to the physical address or produces an exception/interrupt if there is no current mapping for the accessed address (or if the process does not have permissions to access the mapping). Now, to access the memory of another process as in the example, the OS should have mapped that memory previously and this can be achieved solely through system calls. If the OS works correctly it should never allow a process to map any resource that's beyond the process' privileges. Another note, the 1:07 image is a bit incomplete, usually half of the virtual address space of a process is kernel space where kernel code is mapped (obviously when the process is running in user mode it can't access the kernel mappings).
Each component of a computer is functionally very simple. They only appear complex because humans try to do complex things with these simple functional units, and therefore have to combine many layers of many simple functional units, interacting in many ways.
I'm totally addicted to your videos. I'm always eagerly anticipating the next one. Your content on OS fundamentals is fantastic. Keep up the great work.🎉
Please do a video on “NON-WEB API’s”. I would love to learn about API’s (the non web ones) as well as kernel level and user level! Please do an incredible 30 min video on this!!!!❤❤❤❤❤
Great video! It just misses one thing. I think you should mention that the OS itself also is something that is executed by the CPU, so simply claiming that it manages a context switch doesn't really explain how it works. Therefore I hope that you plan some video about interrupts.
I was hoping the video would've gotten into how many instructions done computed before a process is switched, or just how the scheduling is done. But I can't wait to watch the next video that goes into that.
Terminology varies over time and by operating system. At least one older OS refers to an executing program unit as a process (program vs process virtually synonymous). It didn't specifically have "threads" but could perform some types of asynchronous operations within a program/process and "enter-process" (enter-program) communication was via shared memory DMA (usually extremely fast ECL) or other bus interfaces.
Your channel is a hidden treasure! Keep up the good work! I wonder if you are interested in covering virtualization topics in the future like Popek and Goldberg requirements.
I watched your video about how transistors remember data, and I found it brilliant, your explanation was excellent. I would like to make a request: if possible, please dub your videos with AI (or however you prefer) to reach more people. I watched your video using an Opera extension to read the automatically generated subtitles. I am Brazilian and only speak Portuguese, my native language. I believe it would be very beneficial for you and for those who enjoy this kind of content if it were more widely shared. Your videos deserve to spread worldwide and reach as many people as possible. If you can't or don't want to do it yourself, I would like to ask for your permission to dub your videos with AI and post them (I won't monetize the content, nor do I have a subscription, I'll just make a "gambiarra" haha) giving you full credit. That's all. I loved your video and wish you all the best and much success. Congratulations on the excellent work and the care you put into your content.
Hey core dumped, i really enjoy your series of providing better understanding of low-level concept. I also like the animation style, may i ask what software you use to do these animations?
Thanks for vid.....I think some part of what you cover is from "Operating System Concepts" book And luckily that's our textbook ....so this helps in exam prep
I really enjoyed watching this! Thank you for making this. I would love to do some additional reading on this, would it be possible to reference books/articles that you referenced through while making this video? Thanks man.
For Operating Systems theory: "Operating System Concepts" by Silverschatz. For low-level stuff in general: "Computer systems a programmer's perspective" by Bryant, O'Hallaron.
@@CoreDumpped WHAT!!? Awesome, I thought you custom made your own animation framework (like manim python). I guess I grossly understimated powerpoint 😅
For those who aren't aware, the Power Point application is Turing Complete. Someone has actually made a basic general-purpose CPU with its slides and transitions states. Power Point is very flexible and powerful!
i always love your videos the animations are very well done and you explain it in detail without overwhelming. please keep this series going i already learned a lot < 3
Hello! This is absolutely amazing work. Computer Architecture fundamentals in its easiest form. Can you please suggest any books on microprocessors and computer architecture?
Fantastic work! I will be avidly waiting for your videos. Lastly, please tell us how you make the graphics for your videos. I am hoping to put out some educational content as well, would really appreciate if you could provide some information on this. Thanks.
The overview of a process being context switch is very good and all and the mentioning of the scheduler is nice, however, I noticed that there was no mention of or lack thereof of what is typically called an Activation Record(s) within computer science either it being software or hardware engineering. I think this ought to be mentioned and well explained as well as I feel or believe that it is related, relevant within the context of this topic or material. Other than that, excellent video, great material.
Activation Records are stored in the Stack, and the Stack was in deed mentioned. I even specified that, during execution, programs need memory space to save temporary results. A lot information omitted, I know. But it's very difficult to put so much information into a 15 minute video.
@@CoreDumpped True. So perhaps it was in an older video leading into this one. It's just that the association of it within the context of process space was kind of left out.
would be nice to have a utility to see which cores programs are using and some basic insight into context switching going on. with this knowledge should then be able to direct scheduler for better performance, maximizing cores used and minimizing context switching. Seems that neither windows nor linux give you this kind of control
I've got to say - I look forward to when you do a video about branch prediction in the CPU. To me, it is black magic. I mean - I get the basics, 'cpu tries to predict what the next command will be and goes ahead to calculate the result just in case', but the actual implementation...
Async runtimes like tokio, require implementing a very complex task scheduler, pretty similar to an OS-level CPU scheduler. So I guess my video about CPU-scheduling will answer a lot of questions. I've also been thinking on recording a video exclusively about how async-rust works, but is not a priority.
Great video! But doesn't the OS itself also need to be run on the CPU? The context switching must require processing as well, right? How would the whole thing be juggled then?
I was waiting for this question😄 I'll cover this soon in an episode. But the short answer is: Hardware support. Operating systems have access to Privilege Instructions that User Programs don't. The problem can be addressed by: Using multiple sets of registers, so when the OS is invoke it uses its own register set to operate, hence not altering the state of the interrupted process. Another way can be a Privilege Instruction that copies (in one go) the content of ALL the registers into a specific memory location whenever an interruption is fired. These are only two examples, I'm pretty sure there are more ways to do it.
Getting this compliment in early in hopes you see it before it gets buried. Your videos have demystified the fundamental parts of computers I had thought I wasnt smart enough to understand. You have given me the confidence to feel like I can tackle any computer challenge I come across. I ravenously wait for your next video after each one is released. Thank you!
yeah he really is influential
Same here
He's amazing. A good human
Omg 😮 This Guy is German.
I hardly ever comment on anything, but the quality here is insane. Not just the graphical quality either, the quality and accessibility of the information blows my mind. Like others have said you are a wizard at demystifying the concepts you explain. I come from a mechanical engineering background but feel as though even I can grasp these concepts now. Keep up the good work! You've made a lifelong fan here.
Man, I recentely commented the same thing as you, I never comment on youtube videos, but this guy is simply extraordinary, I had to share the video with everyone I know. It just blows my mind how can someone teach something so clearly.
This is truly amazing, as a low level enthusiast, I now know what processes really look like at the low level, you really explained the concepts in one of the most beginner friendly ways possible. Keep going George! looking forward for the next episode.
Once again, the production and educational quality are absolutely marvelous! Even though I’ve already read about many of these things, the visuals always solidify my knowledge and somehow excite me because I get to live in this wonderful era of computing. Please keep it up.
Will do! Thanks for the support!
@@CoreDumppedwhere are you from? Please keep the brilliant work
@@CoreDumpped i stack with the "cache mapping" especially the h/w implementation. could you explain it, please? thanks.
@@CoreDumpped hope you do a video accessible to noobs like me concerning what an API is (focusing on non-web apis)
I wish these videos existed back when I was taking OS course. Simply amazing.
yea me too
The Linux scheduler code part was neat, I would love to see more real-world code snippets in future videos!
yes, love real world examples :D
@CoreDumpped your creations are excellent. I'm waiting for video of Virtual memory, mapping of virtual memory to physical memory, pages, page tables,TLB. Please make it proper descriptive take your time and make us understand it crystal clear.
Well done! My suggestion: after your video about threads, a video about forks and pipes to explain how process "talk" to each other.
your work is truly amazing but if possible share some of the resources is description section so that viewer who is interested could understand it more clearly. thank you for amazing content
Bro keep making low level videos these visuals aren’t found any where else. You’re gonna blow up in subs there’s a huge market for this.
The explanation is... brilliant!) Ever wondered what those registers are, now I understand that this is just a cpu space to load data from memory for execution. Thank you so much!
I'm currently taking an OS subject at university, and oh my god, what a perfect timing. Your videos are really helping me to better understand theory around the subject. Nice video, I'll be waiting for next!
I love your videos. I've finished university a few years ago and some concepts started to fade away from my mind but your videos are not only a perfect refresher but also add some new and interesting information. And so well produced. I do hope you keep getting more and more sponsorships
Best video on modern digital computing on the whole wide web. Thanks a lot Core Dumped.
And whats crazy, it is free.
This is unbelievably good!! This is exactly what I want to learn as a junior software engineer who lacks a computer science degree. Said by a few others in the comments, there is a big interest in this content. Thank you.
woah this was extremely easy to follow, and thank you for using rust for the example code, I think rust is the best language to show examples for such concepts
Thanks to all the team working on this! Well done!
I don't usually coment on any video, but this channel has something different. You explain these low level concepts in a way no one else does. The clarity of the explanations is astonishing.
Keep going, you're doing a great job! I can't wait to see your next videos!
They should show this video in IT department classes. The visualizations are incredibly fascinating. I recommend your videos to other developers. I can see that they are starting to understand more.
George, your videos are absolutely perfect, easy to follow, well animated. I can't explain how grateful i am with your content. Keep it up!
Following you for almost more than 6 months+... You truly are Criminally Underrated RUclipsr... Even after Subscribing I am Not getting your Videos Update... I have to manually Come here to see if any New Video is being Uploaded.
Oh my goodness, I could like the video a thousand times over. The Process Control Block has been the missing piece for me all this while. This is such a great resource
I have watched every video that you have made here, and I just want you to know they are extremely well done! Thank you so much! You are definitely making an impact to the world of learning :)
PS: if videos like these are used in college, professors can probably skip the lecturing part and just do Question and Answer.
Hey George. Your videos are incredibly satisfying to watch. They let me follow your train of thought both visually and by listening to your well-articulated words. I get multiple "aha" moments in each video. I'm sure tons of work goes into creating each one, so I hope you can keep it up.
By the time you finish this series, these should be taught in unis. Great work.
The way the explanation is taking place from the beginning to end really marvelous. Eagerly waiting for the next episode.
i have an exam this friday about processes, os, threads and cpu scheduling... i need your videos more than water
Love that the code representations are in Rust. It’s such a clear matter-of-fact expressive language
Wonderful video! The part where you show files as something that is not part of the program but the process has helped me better understand the question I asked you in the previous video (I had thought the file was part of the data section, so I had thought that if the data section was different, they were different programs). Thank you for making these videos, you tackle most of the questions the viewer might get visually and in detail. Looking forward to more videos from you!
I did OS during covid, and I passed even without knowing what a process is. Just crammed for the whole exam. Great visuals, now I am understanding
14:10 I am not sure about the memory limits part. Each process works in a virtual address space so when it wants to fetch anything from it the MMU just translates it to the physical address or produces an exception/interrupt if there is no current mapping for the accessed address (or if the process does not have permissions to access the mapping). Now, to access the memory of another process as in the example, the OS should have mapped that memory previously and this can be achieved solely through system calls. If the OS works correctly it should never allow a process to map any resource that's beyond the process' privileges. Another note, the 1:07 image is a bit incomplete, usually half of the virtual address space of a process is kernel space where kernel code is mapped (obviously when the process is running in user mode it can't access the kernel mappings).
Yeah, explaining this would have make the video 30 minutes longer. So I tend to oversimplify some concepts.
Literally love this channel! Personally I can't imagine the amount of work that goes into animating and editing all of this. Please keep it up!
Each component of a computer is functionally very simple. They only appear complex because humans try to do complex things with these simple functional units, and therefore have to combine many layers of many simple functional units, interacting in many ways.
Core Dumped is one channel which I made sure, I visited regularly while researching and writing my book.
Thanks for the brilliant video once again.
On another note, what does ARC represent here.
ARC
vec
Arc stands for Atomic Reference Count
Arc is required to safely share data between threads in rust as it keeps a record of how many processes rely on it.
I'm totally addicted to your videos. I'm always eagerly anticipating the next one. Your content on OS fundamentals is fantastic. Keep up the great work.🎉
Please do a video on “NON-WEB API’s”. I would love to learn about API’s (the non web ones) as well as kernel level and user level! Please do an incredible 30 min video on this!!!!❤❤❤❤❤
@nirlichtman have some good stuff about win api
@@SirusStarTV where? Can you add link?
Great video! It just misses one thing. I think you should mention that the OS itself also is something that is executed by the CPU, so simply claiming that it manages a context switch doesn't really explain how it works. Therefore I hope that you plan some video about interrupts.
Lookin' forward to the one about the MMU.
Bro your channel is hidden gem
I was hoping the video would've gotten into how many instructions done computed before a process is switched, or just how the scheduling is done.
But I can't wait to watch the next video that goes into that.
I have never been hooked on such a complex topic
Terminology varies over time and by operating system. At least one older OS refers to an executing program unit as a process (program vs process virtually synonymous). It didn't specifically have "threads" but could perform some types of asynchronous operations within a program/process and "enter-process" (enter-program) communication was via shared memory DMA (usually extremely fast ECL) or other bus interfaces.
Thank you so much for this wonderful amazing explanation. Eagerly waiting for CPU scheduling video.
Great video as always! I want you to explain how the snapshot of the CPU gets done in low level in a future episode
This is the most amazing video I have ever seen! I will always support you in your future content creation on RUclips. Thanks a lot Core Dumped
Sir, you will be recognized someday, at least 1M sub. Please keep up these great work!
Your channel is a hidden treasure! Keep up the good work! I wonder if you are interested in covering virtualization topics in the future like Popek and Goldberg requirements.
Love how Core Dumped uses Rust for psuedo code
I watched your video about how transistors remember data, and I found it brilliant, your explanation was excellent.
I would like to make a request: if possible, please dub your videos with AI (or however you prefer) to reach more people.
I watched your video using an Opera extension to read the automatically generated subtitles. I am Brazilian and only speak Portuguese, my native language. I believe it would be very beneficial for you and for those who enjoy this kind of content if it were more widely shared. Your videos deserve to spread worldwide and reach as many people as possible.
If you can't or don't want to do it yourself, I would like to ask for your permission to dub your videos with AI and post them (I won't monetize the content, nor do I have a subscription, I'll just make a "gambiarra" haha) giving you full credit.
That's all. I loved your video and wish you all the best and much success. Congratulations on the excellent work and the care you put into your content.
you are a awesome teacher in my life i have ever seen 🥰🥰🥰
Please make a video on threads next.
Hey core dumped, i really enjoy your series of providing better understanding of low-level concept. I also like the animation style, may i ask what software you use to do these animations?
I don’t know how to commend you man, the videos are just damn good and crystal clear. Thanks so much for demystifying!
Thanks for vid.....I think some part of what you cover is from "Operating System Concepts" book
And luckily that's our textbook ....so this helps in exam prep
Loved the production! What a fantastic channel 👌👌
I really enjoyed watching this! Thank you for making this. I would love to do some additional reading on this, would it be possible to reference books/articles that you referenced through while making this video? Thanks man.
For Operating Systems theory: "Operating System Concepts" by Silverschatz.
For low-level stuff in general: "Computer systems a programmer's perspective" by Bryant, O'Hallaron.
Absolutely amazing content, thank you! BTW what animation tools you use for creating animations like this?
Everything you see on my videos is PowerPoint slides.
@@CoreDumpped Respect! 👍
@@CoreDumpped WHAT!!? Awesome, I thought you custom made your own animation framework (like manim python). I guess I grossly understimated powerpoint 😅
For those who aren't aware, the Power Point application is Turing Complete. Someone has actually made a basic general-purpose CPU with its slides and transitions states. Power Point is very flexible and powerful!
Your videos are gold. Are there any resources you can share for further reading?
i always love your videos the animations are very well done and you explain it in detail without overwhelming. please keep this series going i already learned a lot < 3
Thank coredumped, I'm lookin' forward to the Operating System
Please don't stop making videos 🙏🙏
Great video man.
Where is the PCB stored? Is it in the heap of the process or is ist stored in the OS memory?
Wow, this is one of the best channels about low level stuff
This is some really awesome work buddy ❤
Keep up the good work 🙌
Your explanation is insane .keep going
Great channel find! Great job dude.
The references to ThePrimeagen are genius
Amazing video! Learning these low-level concepts is so fascinating!
Hello! This is absolutely amazing work. Computer Architecture fundamentals in its easiest form. Can you please suggest any books on microprocessors and computer architecture?
Your videos are amazing! So clear and interesting!
Peak CS content 🔥
amazing man as always this content is pure pure gold
High quality content. Well done.
Absolutely in love with these videos!! Very clear explanations. Keep em coming! 👏👏
Very good video! Very good animation! Easy to understand and impressive😻
Another Great Video with Great Animation. Thank You for your work !!
Fantastic work! I will be avidly waiting for your videos.
Lastly, please tell us how you make the graphics for your videos. I am hoping to put out some educational content as well, would really appreciate if you could provide some information on this. Thanks.
Thank you for this video CoreDumped
Jorge, seus vídeos são excelentes! Muito obrigado pelo trabalho formidável.
that was really cool showing the linux source code.
WOW! Amazing Work! Amazing explaination! Keep it up! I believe you will grow to a RUclipsr with millions of subscriber!
this is very cool, thanks. Do modern CPUs offer a way for the OS to do this efficiently? The context switch seems incredibly expensive to me.
Ammazziiiing , Thank you very much
Great Video!
Now im curious how interrupts work.
Another great video, keep it up! One question tho, how does the GPU play into this!
The overview of a process being context switch is very good and all and the mentioning of the scheduler is nice, however, I noticed that there was no mention of or lack thereof of what is typically called an Activation Record(s) within computer science either it being software or hardware engineering. I think this ought to be mentioned and well explained as well as I feel or believe that it is related, relevant within the context of this topic or material. Other than that, excellent video, great material.
This was AI generated so don't expect correct answers.
@@ArthurSchoppenweghauer Possibly.
Activation Records are stored in the Stack, and the Stack was in deed mentioned. I even specified that, during execution, programs need memory space to save temporary results.
A lot information omitted, I know. But it's very difficult to put so much information into a 15 minute video.
@@CoreDumpped True. So perhaps it was in an older video leading into this one. It's just that the association of it within the context of process space was kind of left out.
Its fun looking in all those things with cheat engine u can gather so much Info and over time u learn a bit assembly and stuff i love CE
Old discord logo. Earnt my respect
would be nice to have a utility to see which cores programs are using and some basic insight into context switching going on. with this knowledge should then be able to direct scheduler for better performance, maximizing cores used and minimizing context switching. Seems that neither windows nor linux give you this kind of control
I've got to say - I look forward to when you do a video about branch prediction in the CPU. To me, it is black magic. I mean - I get the basics, 'cpu tries to predict what the next command will be and goes ahead to calculate the result just in case', but the actual implementation...
Amazing video, super educational. Thanks for sharing.
Goodness if I only every single lecture I have is taught by you my life would be so much easier.
Thank you very much am grateful
wish this was available when i took my OS class
Can you do a video about how in process threads split their scheduling? Such as tokio for rust
Async runtimes like tokio, require implementing a very complex task scheduler, pretty similar to an OS-level CPU scheduler. So I guess my video about CPU-scheduling will answer a lot of questions.
I've also been thinking on recording a video exclusively about how async-rust works, but is not a priority.
I love this channel so much
Thanks!
Great video! But doesn't the OS itself also need to be run on the CPU? The context switching must require processing as well, right? How would the whole thing be juggled then?
I was waiting for this question😄
I'll cover this soon in an episode. But the short answer is: Hardware support.
Operating systems have access to Privilege Instructions that User Programs don't.
The problem can be addressed by:
Using multiple sets of registers, so when the OS is invoke it uses its own register set to operate, hence not altering the state of the interrupted process.
Another way can be a Privilege Instruction that copies (in one go) the content of ALL the registers into a specific memory location whenever an interruption is fired.
These are only two examples, I'm pretty sure there are more ways to do it.
@@CoreDumppedappreciate the reply! Yes, this makes sense. I look forward to the episode on this 😃
excellent work