Soviet Surface to Air Missile Poorly Explained
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- Опубликовано: 7 фев 2025
- An unofficial entry into the Fleamarket Finds series. We take a look at the Radar Seeker out of an Vympel 3M9 Surface to Air missle. Also known as the KUB/Kvadrat
An amazing feat of engineering, perhaps for the wrong purpose though.
Thanks for watching!
I have a book in Russian explaining how all this works. "The signal reflected from the target, which has a Doppler frequency shift relative to the frequency of the illumination station transmitter, is received by the head antenna, which has three input channels: total and two difference (azimuth and elevation). To carry out automatic target tracking in direction, the signals of the difference channels are subjected to sine-cosine modulation in the modulator and then added to the signal of the total channel. The resulting signal has amplitude modulation, the depth and phase of which are determined by the magnitude and direction of the target deviation from the optical axis of the antenna (equal-signal direction). At the output of the modulator, the signal is divided in half by a slot bridge into two antiphase (in the sense of the envelope) signals."
The reference signal is received by built-in body antennas, which have a wide radiation pattern and thereby ensure reception for all possible evolutions of the rocket. Antiphase signals from the modulator and the reference signal from the reference antenna are supplied to the mixer of the microwave unit, where the first conversion and pre-amplification at an intermediate frequency are carried out in the corresponding amplifiers. The heterodyning signal for the mixer is the signal of a quartz oscillator, multiplied in the “Frequency Multiplier” device, amplified and divided into two signals for the head channels and one for the reference channels.
Good find. Although Yeltsin book covers the next generation of the seeker, there is obviously an overlap in the design of their RF front end.
Can you share the name of the book? @@ikono2
@@mzflighter6905 The book is a pamphlet for officer training "Buk anti-aircraft missile systems. Missile 9M38M1, design and operation" by Yeltsin S.N.
It is a very useful source, but
(1) the book is *not* about the missile from which this item came from, but about the next generation of missiles
(2) only a few pages describe the seeker and *not very accurately*
@@cogoid Thank you!
Amazing that you can buy this on a flee market.
9:40 the three signals are: the overall amplitude of the received signal, and two difference signals, each showing how much the signal is shifted off center, in two orthogonal directions (X and Y).
15:10 The inputs are the above delta_X and delta_Y signals in the coordinate frame of the antenna. So the septum projects these signal into some rotated coordinate frame. Possibly this is the conversion from the antenna frame of reference to the inertial frame. (The 24:15 may be related to this too.)
23:15 It was built this way to fit all the circuits into the space available. Thousands of ladies with the soldering irons were building these at the factory, very patiently.
25:30 These are the connections to the autopilot which then controls the actuators, and to the proximity fuse.
31:05 Most likely selects the frequency channel ("3" here), so that several missiles can be used in close vicinity without interference.
32:20 The way this seeker works, there is an antenna in the back of the missile, which gets the direct signal from the radar. This is used as a reference frequency for the local oscillator, which is then used for receiving the signals reflected from the target. So there are modules dealing with autotuning the local oscillator, and then there are two superheterodyne receivers for the tracker. All with various controls necessary to deal with the huge dynamic range of the signals, etc.
Absolutely astounding! Thanks for the explanation!
Very impressive knowledge!
""Most likely selects the frequency channel ("3" here), so that several missiles can be used in close vicinity without interference."" Exactly as you write, the same channel was selected on the radar as on the missile, it is because of electromagnetic coexistence. The same principle applies to the OSA-AKM system, when the same channel is selected on the missile and on the radar, which is different from other vehicles in the battery so that there is no interference or that the missile does not fly to another target in the same direction as another vehicle.
@@GearAcquisitionSyndrome As was pointed out by one of the other comments, there is a textbook which gives an outline of the RF signal path of the seeker. The book is about the next generation of the missile, with a digital seeker, but apparently the RF part did not change that much.
Based on the description from the book, we can better understand the purpose of the microwave combiner device with the motor. In essence, the microwave feed of the antenna plus this combiner produce an output which is the same as the output of a mechanically rotated conical scan antenna (see Würzburg radar).
This combined signal goes through a receiver. The job of the receiver is to select the correct Doppler signal corresponding to the target. If this is done correctly, the output amplitude will be almost constant for a target which is on the axis of the antenna. And the amplitude will be modulated by the 10-15 Hz of the combiner motor rotation, with the peak when the angle of the motor corresponds to the direction towards the target, and the depth of the modulation indicating the magnitude of the off-axis deviation.
Next circuit demodulates this AC into orthogonal X and Y components, which are fed into the servo amplifiers of the azimuth and tilt drives. This feedback keeps the antenna pointing to the target.
Wow! Mind boggling! Thank you so much for the explanation!
Fascinating. Whatever the military purpose of this, i admire the level of engineering involved in this. The quality is jaw dropping. Thanks a lot for the video.
Our grandpas had years to develop this: 1958-1965, some electronic components were developed in parallel. Every module was made by independent team or institute. They also had some blueprints of USA and European missiles alongside with translated literature. It's weird to see cloned USA opamps and transistors here. Vacuum tubes were the main building block back then. So this design was an advanced one. Anti-aircraft projects were led by almighty L.Beria and his successors and had exceptionally big budgets.
@@Greg-yi5re Вообще-то, Берию расстреляли в 1953. А до того он руководил атомным проектом.
@@dmitry4c996 The creation of the Berkut system (1950-1955) was considered a major state task, and the work was organized in a manner similar to the Soviet atomic project. General management was entrusted to the specially created Third Main Directorate under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (V. M. Ryabikov, A. N. Shchukin), and funding was provided through the First (Atomic) Main Directorate under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (both directorates were supervised by L. P. Beria). A special feature of the project was that the USSR Ministry of War was not the customer of the system, and even the country's top military leaders were not privy to the details of the work.
@ розмовляй укроiньскою!
I wouldn't say that the electronics were built to prevent reverse engineering. It's built that way to withstand the massive G forces occurring the launch and acceleration phases. The motor accelerates the missile from standstill to more than Mach 1.7 in a matter of several seconds.
An another likely reason is that they had to pack it very densely since they had to fit it all in the very limited space within the missile
Gary Nolan confessed on a podcast, in discussions with fellow scientists, one of them mentioned working on reverse engineering Soviet technology during the cold war. He said 60% we couldn't even understand, his point was "there are many ways you can go about creating something, the Russians took 1 path and we took a different approach, but the end result is the same".
@@DJEDzTVCybernetics was ligitimised in USSR only in 1955 and it had some impact on designs: total lack of digital computers. The industry of electronic components was far behind too. So these limitations led to using all-analog approach to design with some exotic components, nonlinear blocks and precise mechanics... And of course with using a lot of math and schematics tricks. One cannot understand the working of analog control system without testing or modelling it first. Not to mention it is almost a lost competence in a modern society
what an undeniably beautiful piece of engineering. we could have long become an interplanetary species if only our bright minds were solely used to produce constructive technologies
Not necessarily. Some of the most important advancements were made, for better or for worse, due to them being first invented as weaponized necessities. If we were peaceful and constructive and cooperative, would we have invested such massive sums of money into aerospace engineering? I doubt it would have been seen as a priority compared to how the space race was a priority, for example. At best, things would have been much slower, with people being more risk averse, etc.
Maybe it's the other way around. We could have become an interplanetary species if we were more keen to engage in large scale violence. Most human space exploration has been funded by states attempting to build more precise, large, far-reaching weapons. I'm fine with slower progress given these circumstances.
Don’t forget, we just lived through the Kali Yuga…
Or already faced innihilation@@jprupp
You are entirely correct. But we are held by as a species by morons that hold us back. Don't defend it, they are stupid!
Now we know why missiles cost 1.5 million to 2.5 million $$ each.... now i see how that could be possible.... thanks for the excellent info and breakdown of such an extravagant piece
No they don't, that's whitewashing a 35 trillion debt
It doenst really even cost that that's just the price they set for saving the 'world'
31:07 This is the coding/decoding device to mate rocket with its ground guiding radar, friend/foe recognition and prevent spoofing by others in case there are more then one SAM radars working in the same area. After Belenko MIG-25 escape to Japan friend/foe system was modified to allow friendly fire to prevent future escapee.
Ex UK Navy elec-techie. Liked video very muchly - a trip back into nostalgia. In the Med'n sea our frigate 'rescued' a forlorn looking Soviet sub-sea sonar buoy - its rotating dish antenna still searching for nuclear subs while being hoisted aboard ship. It got quickly canvassed wrapped for shore-side boffins to eventually do an autopsy - just like your present one. Dem Russkies sure made some neat looking kit in those days. If you also 'rescue' such a buoy from E-Bay, it'd be easy-peasy practise to learn from sonar tech for a later missile tech PhD.
Boffins :)
The sonar buoy , as it is being lifted
"Purari Paka, I have found the capitalist pigs, I am a good commi buoy !"
@@stijnvandamme76 .....I am a good commi buoy !" Tell my Dad, Harry Kiri, not to worry. The pigs wrapped me up warm and operated soon after.
one of the few videos that actually explain it precisely enough
Dang man thats some flea market!!
I can't imagine having to do the technical drawings to actually get this thing built, before cad and 3d modelling, that's a serious amount of thinking to visualize that and get it designed and built.
Absolutely beautiful attention to detail, must have been an absolute nightmare with some KGB general breathing down your neck to get it done!
как много сплетен про кгб можно найти в словах западного зрителя. смешно конечно.
Sounds great but I suppose western people's way of understanding work and life in the Soviet Union is very funny
You can't work on highly classified technology in any country without some general breathing down your neck. Ask the scientists cooped up behind razor wire and guard towers at Los Alamos or Alan Turing at Bletchley Park.
A lot of soviet persons were ready to fight with imperialism and western capitalistic zombies with cowboy smelling
This project was started in 1958 during Khrushchev's times so the regime was a bit more humane. I know the assembly line was divided into rooms with restricted access for security reasons and a person couldn't know what part was assembled next door
Yes, I am very interested by this thing!
Get in touch, we can discuss the details!
It would have been awesome if you could team up with some microwave electronics experts to complement your great skills in analog and electromechanical reverse engineering.
Several people have already suggested CuriousMark, who did an amazing work on restoring Apollo microwave communications gear. But understandably, this may be too complicated logistically for your taste.
@@cogoidhe (LDM) already is collaborating with curiousmarc in the current b52 star navigation system video series.
@@amogusenjoyer It would be great if they could repeat that with this unit. It deserves to be in a museum, with a proper explanation of what is inside.
This seeker is too complicated for just one person to reverse engineer everything, and to document everything, and to make an easy to understand demonstration. Maybe Steve Jurvetson would be interested enough in this project to sponsor it, like he did with the Apollo electronics?
CuriousMarc would probably be SUPER interested with this too
That is a simply amazing design & implementation. I'm trying to wrap my head around the intricate assembly process! Thanks for sharing this piece of engineering marvel!
Actually the missile was started by a solid fuel motor, but once it burned out, then the empty housing formed the combustion chamber of a kerosene ramjet engine (which imho in 1967 was mind blowing sci-fi) , so it definitely could have been possible to throttle it.
Epic piece of kit, I bet Master Ken and Marc (curious types !) would love to get their hands on it. This is a great video and a great sentiment at the end...cheers.
Eek mr squeak
all those little handmade electronics, just adorable.
Old tech like this is just pornographically beautiful
Pornographically 🤮
First time I've heard of an SA-6 being referred to as adorable...
WOW O WOW! How very cool and unique. I can sort of relate to this. I was dropping off some Aluminum and Steel scrap at the Metal Recyclers. At the time, I was an Active Duty US Navy Submarine Sailor. As I looked for an area in the scrap yard to dump the Steel that was in my truck, out of the corner of my eye, I spotted something that looked very familiar and military weapons related. It was the engine section of the current MK-48 Torpedo. HOLY FRIGGEN HELL!! What in the world was the engine of a currently in use MK -48 Torpedo doing in a dump? I spoke to the owner of the scrap yard and he let me retrieve it to take it back to the Navy Base. I think I can say that I am the only US Navy Sailor that has ever had a MK-48 engine in his pick up truck. I did turn it into the Base weapons depot and found out it was a display for a shut down Torpodo Training Course. The engine is a swash plate external combustion piston driven engine and it had fittings to allow it to be operated (spun up) with compressed nitrogen. Wouldn't the enemy have loved to have that piece??? LOL
люди в западных странах очень верят в свою исключительность. во всём. а потом удивляются, что они не единственные на этой планете )
31:18 I'm pretty that is a crystal that sets the radar channel. There will have been a matching one in the ground section of the launcher/radar. The idea is that there will be a rack of crystal pairs and they are regularly changed to confuse the enemy and reduce the likely hood of jamming as the operating frequency will be routinely changed out. The actual frequency is kept secret, even from the operators and just referred to by a crystal number. The British Bloodhound system used a similar thing but with color coding for the crystals.
14:24 гетер вх = heterodyne (mixer/downconverter) input
21:28 АРУ = AGC, idk what ш means in this context; огр = limit, рег = adjust, полосы = bandwidth, бал = balance? порог = threshold
Could AGC mean "Automatic Gain Control"?
Can Š be noise as "šum" we have that term in Croatian electronics it probably is used same way in Russian?
In addition to your comment.
1. Those fluoroplast creamy-clour wires are called МГТФ in russian. This is basically the most well-spread montage copper wire that used in soviet milirary equipment form radiostations to missiles. The insulation is wrapped with a fluoroplastic thread, so there is only one disadvantage of that type of wire: it doesnt like water or wet weather if being contacted with this stuff. Despite basic low-freq. МГТФ there is a version called МГТФ-Э (Э-Экранрованный, shilded), which was used to conduct higher frequency signals
2. Heat shrinkages on the МГТФ's are probably Ф4Д or Ф4ДМ, these are standard soviet fluoroplast heat shrinkages for military-purpose hardware assembly.
3. Soldering connections are covered by red zapon-varnish. Very spread protection cover type in soviet electronics.
4. If you see some rumbs on devices that actually means that they've standed exit military controll after production and were produced to use in military-purpose hardware. Soviet consumer-grade components were not good with some exceptions, passive components particulary are terrible, but millitary stuff (Приемка 5, ВП - Военная приемка - military control) and special stuff (Приемка 9, ОС - Особо стабильный - extremly stable(space, nuclear power plants, cryptography hardware for crucial radiocomms)) were very good produced. Used to repair soviet milirary power supply couple of weeks ago, electrolythic caps were good, no leakages, no high ESR, optimal tangent of the loss angle. It was produced in 1968 actually.
5. Cyllinder-shape golden pin IC's are probably К140УД1 or something like that. Most produced soviet Operational Amplifier. There are many other amps, like small signal/instrumetal once in these packages.
I will write more info and extend this message later, there are more things that I could explain or smth like that. Or if you guys have some questions in determining components, i can help either
@@гига-нигга yup, exactly
Šum is same also in slovak and czech language
It's amazing how much work went in to something that was only going to be used once.
Loved lacing cableforms except for cuts the lace made in the folds in the skin on your fingers, it would find that cut day after day leaving a fine black line.
There's a rather interesting way that a certain missile (I forget which one) handles "garbage collection" of it's running program.
Rather than actually attempting to collect the garbage at all, they simply calculated the maximum time the missile could spend flying while still being able to successfully engage a target, and then gave it more memory than it could ever possibly use. Engineering dictates that "the best part is no part", so in this case since the missile is destined for destruction (one way or another) as soon as it is launched, they opted to simplify the guidance program by not even attempting to incorporate a "memory management" subroutine. In other words, "garbage collection" is handled by the physical destruction of the memory chips themselves, rather than any attempt to wipe the contents of those memory cells so that they might be reused.
@@44R0Ndin Yep! it has to be 100% reliable once.
@@44R0NdinWhat? You makenit seem like the missiles ran Java
Эта ракета расчитана максимум на 50ч в дежурном режиме. Дежурный режим это когда пво работает на поиск цели. И через эту ракету пропускают охлаждаюший газ, чтобы работающие внутри электронные платы и гироскоп радара функционировал. Ракета очень сильно греется в такой момент, именно поэтому нужно прокачивать охлаждающий газ через специальные трубки от пусковой установки. В таком виде ракета может мгновенно стартовать. Поэтому даже если ракета не полетела, после 50ч её меняют на новую. Чтобы продлить регламент или списать. Ведь внутри гироскопов есть подшипники и они изнашиваются. Есть полупроводниковая электроника, она тоже выходит из строя. Ваша ракета тоже наверное была списана.
Subscribed. A very cool video, well done! Fascinating tech. i love how you point out some of the oddities. Its interesting to wonder what design choices and compromises they had to make.
Your style of explaining what you think, researched, guess about as you walk through the device is fun and well done! Thanks!
I really liked your words on doing as little harm as possible in life. Thank you for this fascinating footage and wish you all the best.
I drove a launcher for those back in Poland, Never seen the life round thou. At the time of my service they was already 30y old The entire machine was filled with vacuum tubes. Driver had nothing to to with the rockets. There was a separate crew for that. Aiming radar vehicle took care about the rest. Drivers was just an expandable labor.
From designers to drivers. We were all just links in the chain. Vital links. One wrong widget or road-skid, could be one big happy mistake for those intended human targets.
As we can see the SAM-missile have no vacuum tubes at least in this part, so it was some breakthrough. We can see even some early IC opamps here. This missile was assembled in 1981 as other commenters say so it was an upgraded model.
From what I can remember about these things, the accelerometer turned on the system when the rocket was launched and also acted as the contact fuse detonator for the warhead. I also believe that the vacumn tube you pointed out next to it was the "proximity fuse" that used the radar return signal as a driver. When the return signal reached a certain point it triggered the tube and then that in turn detonated the warhead.
Excellent insight! Thanks!
Нет. Все системы ракеты работают еще на земле, пока ракета в дежурном режиме. Гироскопы вращаются со скоростью 60000 оборотов в минуту. Очень шумно. Вся электроника тоже работает.
How I wish we had fleamarkets like that near where I live. Nice mix of mechanical engineering and microwave tech. The microwave elements look quite sensible to my eyes, but then I've been messing with microwave systems since the 1960s. I have some antenna parts from a MIG fighter that run multiple frequencies, with centre-fed slot antennas, waveguide horn and rod antenna elements, and there is a family resemblance. I guess they are from the same era. Can you get any photos of the transmit/local oscillator components, or are they sealed inside cavities or otherwise inaccessible? I guess that nobody was planning to do routine servicing on these, er, "non-reusable" systems. Great to see this on RUclips.
Apparently, the seeker was passive, the local oscillator seems to be the key thing marked with a 3 that was replaceable from the outside. It apparently fit in the actual mixer. The waveguide feed on the bottom of the seeker brought in the radar signal from the illuminator. Lovely having you around! I’m a huge fan!
@ I watched a second time and yes it's pretty obvious that's how it worked. I shall have to ask around to see if there's any documentation on the similar devices.
It's amazing that the components (vacuum tubes!), wiring, etc could survive the launch G forces.
And all that made of laundry washer? Amazing! 😂
These shovels are pretty advanced
@@hauscchildt6418 its Le Shovel 3000. It sentient, it have 10 shovel head in it, and it can shovel really fast. But it so expensive you have to sell everything you have to buy it. It also only want to shovel fancy dirt and nothing else.
Hi author, incredible review of a rare homing head of a ground-to-air missile. Thanks for the work. I would like to see a continuation of the electronic part of the missile.
Based on some components date codes, I'd say that this thing was assembled somewhere in 80s.
19:00 The date stamp on that big transistor is 07 81= Jul, 1981
Great video, awesome to get a peek inside something you don't get to see everyday. A
its amazing to look at what really goes into making these guidance systems. Even being very old to todays tech its still mind blowing how they were able to engineer this. Thank you for sharing it.
It was a very interesting 40min. I know very very little about this subject but it is amazing to see the time that went into this piece.and how it is packaged thank you so much. New subscriber.
the algorithm chose to bless me with this video.
Thank you for your time giving us learning enjoyment .
Hasn't technology changed so much!?
A simple flight controller module for a typical quad copter (drone) can do just about all that can do.
Just add solid state radar, utilising beam forming.
Such a heavy mechanical thing that needs to fly.
Great video! 👍🏻🇬🇧
That's very cool. I love looking at old electronics.
And now we see why guided missiles cost what they do.....its a elctro-mechanical work of art....that has a service operation life of 30 seconds
It is also very resistant to corrosion etc to be able to start after 10 years of shelf life.
Nice find! And presentation! If you get stuck, CuriousMarc and Ken Sherriff could reverse-engineer this to every minute detail.
Amazing piece of equipment. Beautiful but terrifying too, I think BUK missile brought down a Malaysian airliner a few years ago? All that work and knowledge to focus on one goal, to deliver a warhead to a precise moving point in the air at incredible speed!!!
I ride and repair Soviet motorcycles, I find it very interesting how the Soviet union solved problems in different ways to the west. Just think whilst the soviets were producing this piece of equipment its inhabitants were on a 10 year waiting list for a car that was 30years out of date!!!
Возможно Вы хорошо знаете про советские мотоциклы , однако ваши знания о жизни в СССР несколько стереотипны. Я родился в СССР. Мой отец был простым электриком. Отец купил автомобиль ВАЗ-2101, произошло это 21 декабря 1971 года. В очереди стоял несколько месяцев. Тогда автомобиль ВАЗ-2101 был новинкой. Автомобиль Москвич можно было приобрести без очереди, но он не захотел по соображениям престижа. Кроме этого у него был мотоцикл ИЖ. Думаю Вы знаете эту марку, если занимаетесь ремонтом советских мотоциклов. Если отбросить пропагандистские штампы, а посмотреть на объективные показатели, то нынешней России до позднего СССР ещё очень далеко. В 1988 году СССР по Индексу человеческого развития был 26 месте в мире. США в этом же списке был на 19 месте. Вы будите удивлены, но в СССР даже потребление продуктов питания было выше, чем в нынешней России. Употребления мяса было сопоставимо с употреблением мяса в Великобритании, хотя и уступало по этому показателю США. Эти данные есть в сети. Так что не всё так однозначно…
didnt they remove a safety failure point in that bmw copy witch can grenade your whole leg if the generator fails ?
Agat 1SB4ME monopulse continuous wave semi active radar homing seeker (CW SARH seeker)
Very interesting & comprehensive video presentation.
Thank you.
Thank you
I wonder if the weird accelerometer is some sort of device to maintain frequency stability in the RF section by correcting for doppler shifts due to its own high speed movements.
Would make sense because if both the missile and the object being tracked are traveling at high speeds, changes in direction could drastically affect transmitted and received frequencies. If the guidance computer on the missile knows it's own speed and direction changes, it could account for that shift and remove it from the equation making it easier to discern the tracked object's direction/speed.
The diods y ou showed are equivalent of 1N23 detection diodes, at the time used in waveguides for signal detection.
You could find then for instance in airborne weatr radars.
Also in the west they where protected in lead packages
Makes a great coffee table conversation piece.
The waveguide and coax that exits at the base may be where the signal travels from the proximity radar exits the warhead portion where the radar detonator is likely located.
That central vertical accelerometer likely tells the system that the rocket motor is active and may also act as an electronic impact fuze. The control laws probably change between motor burning and coast phase, it's possible they have 2 modes.
Very cool, love to see the engineering that goes into rockets as they are miniature versions of the space flight systems.
Liked for the really interesting content (liked the tour of the circuits and the story of how you acquired it! ), subscribed for the "do as little harm as possible". Thanks for sharing this piece of (60s!!) wizardry, amazing what we can build (and unfortunate that we built it to guide a "payload" to a "target").
Amazing that this even exists, great video!!
hell yeah youre back. Going to watch this right now
Wow. Its apparently still in service in half the world fifty years later. Crazy bit of kit. I love military stuff. Its so different.
All this fits into a few modern IC and small circuit boards today. Lightweight and simple.
Foarte, foarte tare ! Ai un nivel de engleza incredibil, felicitari !
Bravo pour votre intervention en français. I appreciated your video for your admiration of human genius and especially your pacifist positions. Thanks
Je vous remercie!
I find soviet electronics fascinating. I long for flea markets with such treasures.
This is great!! Love this video!! ❤
Fantastic, thanks for showing us! Hope you’re able to get in touch with Michel
Very neat electronics and electromech stuff. It must be painful to have completed building this, knowing it's fate is flying off and explode.
It has a ramjet motor combined whit standard solid rocket motor for start.
Kub was wery advanced for its time.
Very good French!
He's french though, not spanish, Mi-shhhh-el :) hehehehe
I hope he responds! It's awesome seeing youtubers collaborate with each others like that, reminds me there's still some good in this world
Need more video like this one ❤
Bypass the control circuitry and directly control the gimbal with an aruduino, that would make an awesome cutaway display
The missile knows where it is at all times. Now it knows it's living in an apartment because it knows it isn't in Russia.
Fascinating stuff. It's sad to me how much time and effort is put into such a beautifully engineered device destined to just be destroyed. Anyway, it would be quite interesting to see the schematics for this crazy thing.
Regardless how you feel about the politics, some of the soviet scientists and engineers really were able to do incredible things despite a lacking in resources, funding and solid leadership.
Very true!
They didn't lack resources or funding. Infact its very wasteful no money spared construction.
They didn’t lack in resources or funding, the leadership was a bit hard core though, for example they would ‘liquidate’ some of their designers and engineers
soviet union lacking in resources....what??
@@GreatIJ For sure, scarce for everything except war. For war was everything in abound. I know, was there.
I like the content you provide.
Crazy how much work and money that would go into designing and building this.
Pootin on the blower: he needs his missile back.
Not necessarily agree with "built to kill" sentiment. Air defense is probably the most "ethical" of all weapons as it is used to defend from the killers.
Outstanding Outstanding Video 👍👍👍
You are right that it is sad that so much effort goes into war - but I would suggest that this device is not as evil as you make it out to be as it is pretty purely a defensive weapon. It can only be used from territory that you already control and its primary use is to prevent bombers from attacking you.
I'm astonished that all this tech goes into something meant to only go 20 miles - before you mentioned that I thought it'd go into an ICBM or something. Also, I very seriously envy your flea market - around here all you can find from the military is, like, old flashlights.
Very nice! "Semi-active" in SARH doesn't refer to "active" on the part of the missile (which is completely passive), but to active emission from the launcher's radar. NATO codewords use the same first letter for the same kind of equipment, so all SAMs are given names beginning with the letter G, leading to a lot of strange names. The person you mentioned might want to look at this - is that msylvain on YT?
The Gainful was the NATO designation for the SA-6 SAM system. It was crude but effective. There were many encircling West Berlin when I was stationed there. In the outbreak of war, anything flying out of Berlin would not make it very far. Their radars would interfere with all kinds of telecommunications systems in & out of West Berlin.
A superb 40 mins!
Maybe you could approach your tear downs in a slightly different way- how about a block diagram-let's design a missile system- then go about dissecting each of the blocks as you find them.
Like step one, we need a power supply.
2. A chassis
3....
Loved this video! 👍🏻🇬🇧
Thank you! It means a lot to me!
23:46 I think it's possible to guess that the short descriptions on PCBs make some sense...
"огр. АРУш" could be "Restricting AGCn" (Automatic Gain Control by Noise).
"рег. полосы бал. Y" could be "Regulator of the spectrum of balancing of amplification (or of Y axis)"
"бал. А огр. АРУш порог АРУш" - "Balancing A (or Automated) Restrictor AGCn limit AGCn".
27:25 "Had a solid motor and couldn't be throttled" - The SA-5 Gainful had a ramjet engine (which made it slow but longer range) so it could indeed throttle.
BTW: The NATO code name comes from giving code names starting with "G" to all guided missiles and then the name had to be memorable so if somebody needed to identify it they could communicate this easily and clearly, even over unclear communications channels like voice radio ("they shot a Gainful at me!" "our mission is to strike a Gainful battery today" etc).
Absolutely gorgeous
It is Gunn diode. Once I saw hundreds of them in a factory packaging, each inside a protective cup made of lead.
I dont think so.
I think there are 1N23 equivalent
Extremely fascinating thank you for sharing. It is amazing the artistry and craft that went into making this, a tool meant to destroy.
Не для разрушения, а для обороны.
Necessity is the mother of invention and nothing is more necessary than staying alive.
Also all that work knowing it will ultimately be blown to peices.... i believe it was the Mig-25 and he knew about the Mig-31 project too
مؤسف جدا ان ابداعا مثل هذا سينفجر في النهاية 😢
looking at the thumbnail, thinking "Oh cool this is gonna be a neat miniature amusement park video"
I wonder if there's any former Soviet Engineers having a stroke over this video.
How old must the engineer have been to design this in the 60s?
Could the cavity with the skinny bit be a way to chop the signal? Make pulses, set receive windows for the return signal?
Был техником в военом училище, и по приказу Л.И. Брежнева надо было показать всё оборудование и военные кабинеты военным аташе всех кап стран, мы просто офигели! Трое суток прятали со стен все секретные схемы.😅
Кабинеты были радиоуправляемые, особенно поразились китайцы. 1972 год
Что значит радиоуправляемые кабинеты?
@LexMalin У военного преподавателя в руках была указка со встроенным микропередатчиком, и вся техника в кабинете включалась и управлялась с этой указки.
@@ВикторКоринов понятно
thats friggin art
WOW..well.. this is different!!! Very Cool!!
It looks like they filed down the sides of those wire-wound resistors to make reostats. I got a bunch of those along with a trail mix of other NOS Soviet components many years ago. Back in the day you could buy mystery boxes of NOS military grade components by weight where I lived. And boy did we buy them.
Скорее это метод подгонки
I think the tasty tacho is probably for a feedback loop on the motor.
As you say, it’s perverse that an item with such an ugly purpose is so very beautiful. Presumably because of the echo of the beautiful minds that conceived and constructed it. It was/is the best game in town because it resembles chess and involves other beautiful minds.
It would need to know it’s exact velocity to establish an interception course presumably. Don’t aim for where the target is but rather where you calculate it will be.
Ultimately the device would make some splendid if very expensive shrapnel when it and it alone, decided it was close enough. 😢
so the Vympel 3M9 is the missile out of the BUK. so yes a little old
The Radar is 1S91 Straight Flush 25 kW G/H band continuous wave radar as the 3M9 "Kub" system.
This is certainly ROCKET SCIENCE:)
Wonderful video, thank you! What is the readout on the hour meter, I couldn't make it out. Military avionics tech from the early 70's here, so I am right at home.
19:00 The date stamp on that big transistor is 07 81= Jul, 1981,
@@ЮрийМирошников-з3л That is a mid 60s missile that was still being produced in the 80s, hence, this particular missile is a later revision and production run.
It was right around the hundred hour mark. The key was the number 3 so this was used mostly in training
@@GearAcquisitionSyndrome Thank you! In 1972 I was detached to US Naval Weapons Systems Labs to help them test the AN/ALR something-or-other radar warning receiver. We had signal and function generators set up and cranking out through a TWT to a steerable dish antenna pointing at an SH-2D helo flying a couple of miles away off Point Loma in California. The SA-6 waveform was one of the many that we beamed out to the bird. A few hundred feet below us was Black's Beach where clothing was optional. I swear, my 19 year old brain had no trouble concentrating on keeping the antenna tracking the helo.
The velocity control possibility you mentioned, then discarded because the missile used solid propellant, may have been possible because, "The combined propulsion system 9D16K included solid fuel rocket motor which, when burned out, forms the combustion chamber for a ramjet in a pioneering design putting this missile far ahead of its contemporaries in terms of propulsion" which may have allowed the ramjet to be be throttled by making adjustments in fuel flow.
I agree that it is both amazing and sad how much of their citizens' money governments (oligarchies) will spend to end the lives of the citizens of opposing oligarchies. However, that at least results in interesting things to analyze when they throw these incredibly expensive, but obsolete gems into the trash.
imagine how small it would be with modern electronics
What a weird thought. This amazing technology was made to be instantly destroyed.
I guess the stuck screws were never ment to come apart again. Looking at that thing gives a feeling that quite a lot of effort went into putting it together back in time. Something tells me that military stuff (specially rocket stuff) in soviet onion was made to different standards than regular heavy industry. I am restoring a soviet milling machine from 1979 (model 6Р82Ш) and even if the general engineering is not that bad, the assembly quality is non existent.
there was a joke back in the day that translates something like - what do you do when you buy a soviet car? you take it all apart and rebuild it
today the same thing can be said about cheap far eastern made stuff, they all are parts kits, even if the complete thing on the picture resembles a product, and often is made from materials that 100% don't pass any quality standards in the west, yet have all the proof marks
@@dsfs17987 I am always amazed about stolen tech, even simple stuff. There are extreme examples from consumer products to massive machinery parts. China and Pakistan have good examples. It seems like their goal is to make it visually look exactly like the original while things like chemical, metallurgical and other materials properties, are completely ignored. It is like if it looks exactly lk the original, it will somehow magically operate the same!
Many of the workers who might barely read or write, go by the visual appearance more than anything else! It makes sense when you realize that is the extent of their knowledge base. But shop/business owners know that if it looks identical to the original, it can sell for a lot of money on the fake/counterfeit parts market. They will go so far as to stamp logos and fake proof marks.
The stuff gains value is it works its way up into reliable distributors. Some mid level supply chain procurement guys can make tons of money by introducing the fakes into the supply chain. A classic market infiltrated by fakes, is industrial fasteners. A high strength 1" grade 8 bolt and nut may sell for $40 apiece, while some Pakistani shop makes hundreds of these in a day using scrap rebar, complete with the proof marks and the entire shop workforce together got paid the $40 that one bolt sells for! But they look identical.
These filter their way through various distributors creating an untraceable path, with each buyer/seller along the way increasing the price along the way until someone in a reliable distributor makes a ton of cash by introducing these fakes into the market. Eventually someone buys thousands of these at the market price to be used in construction of a bridge or building. At this point, both real and fakes can be mixed together. If 10% of the bolts used in a bridge or building were fakes, it may not be realized for a long time. At that point there is no tracing how these got into the supply chain! Eventually, someone starts auditing and testing only to find out that the market has been infiltrated with these fakes. This in turn causes buyers and distributors to institute an audit/testing process which just raises the price of the bolts.
We need to be more careful when we make trade deals with third world countries. Certain items should be completely restricted. But even then, once you open the door to container ships full of goods, Some of these restricted items may still get through.
@@dsfs17987 My relative worked on an assembly line as an apprentice in Moskvitch factory (during his studies in technical academy, around late 70´s). During lunch brake, he was bullied out of food line in mess hall and was the last one to get his share of the slop. Bell rang and people returned to the assembly line, he just continued to finish his lunch in no haste. Some other days, if there were hold-ups on the assembly line, he just dropped the excess nuts and bolts from the lunch, into Moskvitch's body cavities.
@@sven-erikviira1872 не пишите хуйни.. !!!
19:00 The date stamp on that big transistor is 07 81= Jul, 1981,
same year on other parts,1980... also.
Looks stone age tech especially for 80s...
yes, the system was produced essentially unchanged from the beginning of the sixties to the eighties.
@KorbenDalasCZ lack of improvement for two decades tells about the decline of USSR even in the main objective of the Commie regime, military domination, exactly this complicated but proven design was cheap to produce in volume by slave labor, see North Korea for reference...
@@KorbenDalasCZ не, КМ - конденсаторы (те что с палладием) в 80х начали внедрять, в 60-е там все по другому было
@@ЮрийМирошников-з3л I think, It is modernised version. But technology is from 60s.
at about 11:20 the part you say is probably the motor, so it should be the selzyn, the position sensor also known as Synchro or selfsynchron
Amazing what the Soviets came up with ack in the day. Makes sense why everything is lacquered, tacked down like that going at Mach 1.6.
"we should do less harm.""This things is an example of the wrong way of doing" A strange statement, this is an air defense device in fact ))