not surprised to see australia lead the mining innovation of lithium extraction. The sheer scale of mining operations Australia has got going for 26 million people is incredible.
I’m always pointing this out to people especially in regards to the language they use. If mining occurs in Africa it’s just “exploitation of the global south” but if similar mining occurs in the Australia it’s just deemed raw material exports.
@I Themis The mining companies pay massive royalties to mine on aboriginal land. every now and then disputes happen in court but the mines that are on traditional landowners get paid massive, massive royalties.
@@IThemis-ex2vo There has been issues with certain companies. But I would not generalize it as a big problem. How do people expect to live in the modern world without mining and industry. Does not work that way.
China has already started producing sodium battery for EV. Soon lithium price will tumble when more EV run on sodium ion battery, less reliant on lithium ion battery.
@@andespool7972 😂care to have the balls to tell America off, no ? Thought so, now be a good vassal and stop being delusional, unless you're chinese, which you're not
Sodium is BS. Low energy density and heavy for EVs. It's only good for stationary grid storage. Not suitable for mobility applications such as mobiles, laptops and EVs that require high energy density and compactness.
The Lithium sources you identified are just identified and quantified resources. There are many more sources that haven’t been identified much less quantified. In California they are setting an extraction Li production facility that has enough Li to fully supply the US demand for BEV production for many decades. It was never quantified or put into production because there are deposits in other parts of the world that are just far cheaper to exploit. Now that the US Federal government has given significant incentive to produce Li in the US it will be in production in a couple of years. Right now it is a waste from a geothermal plant that gets pumped back into the ground. So to being with all that needs to be done is extract the Li from the waste before it is returned to the ground. Eventually to increase production additional brine will have to be pumped to the surface and processed. Ideally additional geothermal power plants can use the additional energy brought up with the brine.
Tapping huge lithium reserves is an opportunity for Argentina to get out of its dependence on agricultural exports as a primary source of forex reserves.
We definitely need to do as Chile here and start setting way higher taxes for foreign mining companies, there could even be a "south american lithium block"
@@kwektans I'm all for balance but that has never been apparent in reality certainly since the 90's in the UK. Nothing is safe from them, it is a mantra for the Tories. In this context my comment stands!
@@nc3826 Privatization is fantastic Just look at US and Australian companies mining lithium in Argentina "buying" provincial governments to keep paying ridiculous taxes (less than 2% as opposed to Chile's 40%)
Western Australia is opening three new lithium prossesing plants as well as a battery manufacturing plant, plans for the world's largest battery storage is in development, plus a second battery to run our desalination plants on 100% solar power, 😊
Perhaps then DW should retract earlier statements that Australia is a " climate villain " and report on the innovation and development that is common place here.
@@raclark2730 that would just upset them, wait for the response when they find out that the U.S. has included Australia in their renewable energy budget, and unlike Chile Australia has all of the minerals required to build the batteries solar panels and wind turbines,
@@blizzard5657 So let them be upset. Credit were credit is due DW have improved some what in their reporting in these matters. And this is also promising news from WA and good to hear. NQ 👍
Company profits go to shareholders, as they should, and wherever they are located. It’s a global economy, and that powers investment. Profits are a minor part of the story only. Well paid jobs in WA and many businesses supported, plus taxes and royalties that support government & community. Why do you think WA is affluent?
Chile (and other neighborning countries) has a window of oppurtunity. But that window of opportunity is limited in terms of time. They need to get as much benefit as they can in terms of actual sales and battery production investemtnt. Alternative battery technologies such as Sodium ion and molten salt/metal are getting there soon in terms of cost and commercialization. Not to mention other countries such as Austrlia, China , Canada, USA and Zimbabwe are ramping up theur own lithium production.
They should do it without ruin the ecosystem and natural health of their country in the name of 'green' technology. Otherwise, it'd be just counterproductive
The US dominated lithium mining and processing 30 years ago. Then China wanted to develop the capacity so they heavily subsidized it. The US decided not to get in a lithium and rare earth minerals race with them. Chile definitely could earn more with all the processing but it could also end up not being competitive. Chile is a high income country already with a GDP per capita of about $28,500.
That's much higher than China. They keeps saying they are so rich but their gsp per capita is that of a poor African country. They don't even have running water if you drive 30 minutes outside of any city...
@@deebil8099 China is two countries. The wealthy coast and the incredibly poor interior. They are still outrageously wealthy as a nation at some 18T GDP.
Albermale are already processing and refining in Chile. This report grossly underplays the environmental impact of lithium extraction in Chile, almost to the point of being misleading.
I know extracting battery materials is nowhere near their best practice, but we will have some short-term pain for long-term gain at the moment. Once enough materials are in the supply chain mining or extracting like this will be reduced and we recycle more batteries materials from old EVs and gadgets to be used to make new batteries. People forget it can take 15 years before an EV battery is recycled after being used and repurposed for energy storage before being available for recycling. At the end of the day, it's still BETTER than drilling, extracting, transporting, refining, transporting, and burning of fossil fuels and all the pollution that goes along with it.
No mention of sodium-ion batteries that replace lithium with sodium. Sodium-ion batteries are ideal for static applications such as grid and domestic renewable energy storage. They can also currently be used for EVs, but with the penalty of less performance. With further development sodium-ion has a role with EVs given the lower cost. Various chemistries of flow-batteries are also better suited than lithium for grid level storage. Let us not also forget that lithium is fully recyclable and there will come a point when no new lithium needs to be extracted. This combined with the World's population collapse from the predicted high of 12 billion in 2060 down to 2 billion by the end of the century will also greatly reduce demand for energy and lithium.
Where did you get the world population was going to collapse to 2 billion people by the end of the century? From what I have read the population is about 8 billion now and is expected to be over 10 billion be the end of the century. Yes the Industrial West is starting to shrink as well as China, but India, Africa, South America are more than making up for it.
The world population is not going to be 2 billion at the end of the century, not even close. It will be around 8.5 billion. Africa and southern Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc.) are still growing pretty fast
@@matthewhuszarik4173 Even in these countries the growth trend is slowing. There will definitely be a population collapse by the end of the century with the population dropping to anywhere between 2-4 billion. The projected hight point around 2060 is anywhere between 10-12 billion. either way there be a lost less people in 2100 than today's 8 billion.
In Australia, lithium is like salt sprinkled on a meal compared to iron ore. But they will use the best technology, environment management and provide good royalties to indigenous peoples where they have claims.
Lithium is common, the refining is the bottleneck not the mining. The mining has been sized to accommodate demand from the refining. Simple theory of constraints.
Despite how much you criticize China, China is the world's number one in terms of drones, electric vehicles, and AI. Not to mention its strong manufacturing industry, it has been able to manufacture its own space stations and passenger planes, and there are many other aspects. Therefore, the United States, a financially established country, cannot be its opponent at all. It is only the Western media controlled by the United States that boast of its strength.
The worst part is Main Lithium exporters like Australia and Chili are not as progressive as China, EU or US in climate goal. Particularly Australia is frustratingly lame on this.
My home state of Western Australia has the highest household rooftop solar capacity per capita in the world. In some summer days our solar output excceded total consumption, making us the first jurisdiction in the developed world to be completely carbon neutral. We can achieve carbon free economy without too much of leftist BS policy!
New lithium mines are in the approvals stage in Canada. New lithium processing and battery manufacturing will be ready when the mines ramp up production.
Chile needs to require seawater to replace freshwater for the lithium extraction process..... Since seawater already has a small concentration of lithium already in it..... And seawater has been used to extract lithium directly.... Chile needs to preserve all of its precious fresh water resources..... Even if it isn't a little more expensive and complex..... Instead of trying to maximize the the profit for the country.... Maybe they should also consider their own environment?
@@JanBruunAndersen "Brine mining consists of injecting (fresh) water down into salt deposits through deep boreholes. The water dissolves the salt deposits, creating a rich brine that can be pumped up to the surface. The brine is pumped into shallow ponds and is left in the sun to evaporate" ( I can't send a link because RUclips normally deletes the comment, feel free to Google it) Plus in the post hard rock mining is mentioned as a means to reduce the use of water. But that would have its own adverse effects. i hope that satiated your curiosity.
Of course they say any form of nationalisation is bad news… If only there were real world examples of where it was used to directly benefit the citizens of the country where it’s extracted… wink nudge Norway.
@dw news at 12:12, why do you show LG? It is south korean. What a bummer. How do you edit these videos? Rest of the documentary is very good though, thanks for a lot of information and views. 👏🏽
Australia is by far the biggest lithium producer yet stories about lithium just focus on South America. Also Australia will only continue to grow because South America is going to nationalize there lithium production which always kills the industry.
The government of Chile will be better off overseeing and governing the standards of the extraction and refining process. National own companies usually don’t have good efficiency. They should learn from Australia
As an Australian im proud that we are such a big exporter of minerals due the free market and stability we have. However it hurts to see the profits go overseas, we really need to learn from Norway and Saudi. But maybe oil is a different beast.
@@ricardomadleno564 Yeah who cares about small African children and civil war these minerals drive? That doesn't matter. Also you do realize that mining is the same as fossil fuel production. Stop living in a BS fantasy.
It’s still in the early phases and no doubt we will see massive changes a long the way. It’s not a complete solution but it’s significantly better compared to fossil fuels.
Missing info on the "west"'s companies decision making in terms of investment and climate neutrality responsibility - from a western voter perspective.
What if we enjoy European lithium? Portugal, Germany, Austria and Finland all have sizable reserves. And we don't have to dodge bullets mining it. As soon as the Russians stop shooting, Ukraine, too, will start mining lithium.
Pretty dumb if you don't sell as much lithium as you can right now while the price is high. Other types of battery storage are possible and may be vastly superior. For example Aluminum or graphene batteries. Also far more lithium in the sea, effective lithium extraction may produce abundant lithium.
Those countries will be doomed if they can't turn this once a life time windfall into sustainable economic capacity, once new technologies developed, like sodium ion battery, lithium price would drop like a rock, lithium industry would be gone like smoke.
Lithium technology may be over before it has really started. It may yet be replaced by batteries made of sodium and phosphate. Eliminating both lithium and cobalt. The sodium ion phosphate battery has the promise of being cheaper and offer better battery parameters.
The province of Québec Canada wants to do exactly the same thing. But making batteries for private passenger cars is not an answer to climate change. More money for public transit must be given and a moratorium on private car construction must be implemented.
not surprised to see australia lead the mining innovation of lithium extraction. The sheer scale of mining operations Australia has got going for 26 million people is incredible.
Also world leading practice of mine site restoration and revegetation post extraction.
I’m always pointing this out to people especially in regards to the language they use. If mining occurs in Africa it’s just “exploitation of the global south” but if similar mining occurs in the Australia it’s just deemed raw material exports.
Haha funny this benefit does not go to 26 millions, you can find many of them living in tents in parks now.
@I Themis The mining companies pay massive royalties to mine on aboriginal land. every now and then disputes happen in court but the mines that are on traditional landowners get paid massive, massive royalties.
@@IThemis-ex2vo There has been issues with certain companies. But I would not generalize it as a big problem. How do people expect to live in the modern world without mining and industry. Does not work that way.
China has already started producing sodium battery for EV. Soon lithium price will tumble when more EV run on sodium ion battery, less reliant on lithium ion battery.
doesn't matter. it helps decentralizing the current financial model dependant on blood oil money
@@andespool7972 😂care to have the balls to tell America off, no ? Thought so, now be a good vassal and stop being delusional, unless you're chinese, which you're not
Climate change laws will be a much bigger centralization of power and money than oil.
Sodium is BS. Low energy density and heavy for EVs. It's only good for stationary grid storage. Not suitable for mobility applications such as mobiles, laptops and EVs that require high energy density and compactness.
I assume ur invested in Sodium
The Lithium sources you identified are just identified and quantified resources. There are many more sources that haven’t been identified much less quantified. In California they are setting an extraction Li production facility that has enough Li to fully supply the US demand for BEV production for many decades. It was never quantified or put into production because there are deposits in other parts of the world that are just far cheaper to exploit. Now that the US Federal government has given significant incentive to produce Li in the US it will be in production in a couple of years. Right now it is a waste from a geothermal plant that gets pumped back into the ground. So to being with all that needs to be done is extract the Li from the waste before it is returned to the ground. Eventually to increase production additional brine will have to be pumped to the surface and processed. Ideally additional geothermal power plants can use the additional energy brought up with the brine.
Well Europe, if you want to trade with Australia, when are you going to revoke the punitive trade embargoes that you’ve had on it for generations?
Tapping huge lithium reserves is an opportunity for Argentina to get out of its dependence on agricultural exports as a primary source of forex reserves.
We definitely need to do as Chile here and start setting way higher taxes for foreign mining companies, there could even be a "south american lithium block"
Australia should produce more batteries too.
Sodium is going to keep Lithium price on level.
More Lithium production will do that too - already has with prices falling nearly 60% since the peak shown in DW's graph.
privatisation never benefits the people .
Nationalization Is fantastic.....
Just look at Venezuela
Nope: you always have to find the right balance. Neither of the extremes are good. A good balance between state and private control is the way to go.
@@kwektans I'm all for balance but that has never been apparent in reality certainly since the 90's in the UK. Nothing is safe from them, it is a mantra for the Tories. In this context my comment stands!
@@nc3826 Privatization is fantastic
Just look at US and Australian companies mining lithium in Argentina "buying" provincial governments to keep paying ridiculous taxes (less than 2% as opposed to Chile's 40%)
@@maximipe Yep, you are correct.
This video is almost exclusively about Chile! Very annoying! Title of this video is misleading!
Western Australia is opening three new lithium prossesing plants as well as a battery manufacturing plant, plans for the world's largest battery storage is in development, plus a second battery to run our desalination plants on 100% solar power, 😊
Perhaps then DW should retract earlier statements that Australia is a " climate villain " and report on the innovation and development that is common place here.
@@raclark2730 that would just upset them, wait for the response when they find out that the U.S. has included Australia in their renewable energy budget, and unlike Chile Australia has all of the minerals required to build the batteries solar panels and wind turbines,
@@blizzard5657 So let them be upset. Credit were credit is due DW have improved some what in their reporting in these matters. And this is also promising news from WA and good to hear. NQ 👍
I wonder what Australia gets out of it, since profits from most mining activities go overseas.
Company profits go to shareholders, as they should, and wherever they are located. It’s a global economy, and that powers investment. Profits are a minor part of the story only. Well paid jobs in WA and many businesses supported, plus taxes and royalties that support government & community. Why do you think WA is affluent?
It makes sodium ion batteries even more attractive. Lithium cartels will be rapidly self defeating. There are numerous alternatives to lithium.
Chile (and other neighborning countries) has a window of oppurtunity. But that window of opportunity is limited in terms of time. They need to get as much benefit as they can in terms of actual sales and battery production investemtnt. Alternative battery technologies such as Sodium ion and molten salt/metal are getting there soon in terms of cost and commercialization. Not to mention other countries such as Austrlia, China , Canada, USA and Zimbabwe are ramping up theur own lithium production.
They should do it without ruin the ecosystem and natural health of their country in the name of 'green' technology. Otherwise, it'd be just counterproductive
I love the revolution of lithium cos it saves money. Example car, scooter led bulb, solar battery, camera
Following Indonesia's path on Nickel
The US dominated lithium mining and processing 30 years ago. Then China wanted to develop the capacity so they heavily subsidized it. The US decided not to get in a lithium and rare earth minerals race with them. Chile definitely could earn more with all the processing but it could also end up not being competitive. Chile is a high income country already with a GDP per capita of about $28,500.
Chile GDP per capita is around 17 k u 🤡
That's much higher than China. They keeps saying they are so rich but their gsp per capita is that of a poor African country. They don't even have running water if you drive 30 minutes outside of any city...
@@deebil8099 China is two countries. The wealthy coast and the incredibly poor interior. They are still outrageously wealthy as a nation at some 18T GDP.
Huh..."incredibly poor"?... more like average poor. When it comes to extreme poverty... PRC have succeeded in eliminating it.
Albermale are already processing and refining in Chile. This report grossly underplays the environmental impact of lithium extraction in Chile, almost to the point of being misleading.
The U.S. had found a huge source underneath the Salton Sea area, east of San Diego, California.
I know extracting battery materials is nowhere near their best practice, but we will have some short-term pain for long-term gain at the moment. Once enough materials are in the supply chain mining or extracting like this will be reduced and we recycle more batteries materials from old EVs and gadgets to be used to make new batteries. People forget it can take 15 years before an EV battery is recycled after being used and repurposed for energy storage before being available for recycling. At the end of the day, it's still BETTER than drilling, extracting, transporting, refining, transporting, and burning of fossil fuels and all the pollution that goes along with it.
Exactly Mark......
No mention of sodium-ion batteries that replace lithium with sodium. Sodium-ion batteries are ideal for static applications such as grid and domestic renewable energy storage. They can also currently be used for EVs, but with the penalty of less performance. With further development sodium-ion has a role with EVs given the lower cost. Various chemistries of flow-batteries are also better suited than lithium for grid level storage. Let us not also forget that lithium is fully recyclable and there will come a point when no new lithium needs to be extracted. This combined with the World's population collapse from the predicted high of 12 billion in 2060 down to 2 billion by the end of the century will also greatly reduce demand for energy and lithium.
What collapse, there won't be a collapse to 2 billion.
Where did you get the world population was going to collapse to 2 billion people by the end of the century? From what I have read the population is about 8 billion now and is expected to be over 10 billion be the end of the century. Yes the Industrial West is starting to shrink as well as China, but India, Africa, South America are more than making up for it.
The world population is not going to be 2 billion at the end of the century, not even close. It will be around 8.5 billion. Africa and southern Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc.) are still growing pretty fast
@@matthewhuszarik4173 That's not what Elon says. I'm just saying...
@@matthewhuszarik4173 Even in these countries the growth trend is slowing. There will definitely be a population collapse by the end of the century with the population dropping to anywhere between 2-4 billion. The projected hight point around 2060 is anywhere between 10-12 billion. either way there be a lost less people in 2100 than today's 8 billion.
People need to start Researching Sodium-ion instead, its WAY Cheaper and easier to make as well acquire
In Australia, lithium is like salt sprinkled on a meal compared to iron ore. But they will use the best technology, environment management and provide good royalties to indigenous peoples where they have claims.
Hahaha nah u definitely aren't a bot 😂
Interesting report.
Lithium is common, the refining is the bottleneck not the mining. The mining has been sized to accommodate demand from the refining. Simple theory of constraints.
Set up water capture nets downwind of the ponds and then cycle that water back to holding ponds for the next lithium pond.
Despite how much you criticize China, China is the world's number one in terms of drones, electric vehicles, and AI. Not to mention its strong manufacturing industry, it has been able to manufacture its own space stations and passenger planes, and there are many other aspects. Therefore, the United States, a financially established country, cannot be its opponent at all. It is only the Western media controlled by the United States that boast of its strength.
The worst part is Main Lithium exporters like Australia and Chili are not as progressive as China, EU or US in climate goal. Particularly Australia is frustratingly lame on this.
My home state of Western Australia has the highest household rooftop solar capacity per capita in the world. In some summer days our solar output excceded total consumption, making us the first jurisdiction in the developed world to be completely carbon neutral. We can achieve carbon free economy without too much of leftist BS policy!
CHINA is already the superpower going beyond americas reach😂 ... hope Taiwan proxy war helps usa regain some hegemony 😂... I doubt...
New lithium mines are in the approvals stage in Canada. New lithium processing and battery manufacturing will be ready when the mines ramp up production.
Sya Quebec Canada into production
What is going on in disputed East Germany?
Barrier to foreign direct investment 😢
Because privately owned resources is always best, right? 🤦🏻♀️
Oil is King still
Chile needs to require seawater to replace freshwater for the lithium extraction process..... Since seawater already has a small concentration of lithium already in it..... And seawater has been used to extract lithium directly....
Chile needs to preserve all of its precious fresh water resources..... Even if it isn't a little more expensive and complex.....
Instead of trying to maximize the the profit for the country.... Maybe they should also consider their own environment?
In which steps of the lithium production process is freshwater used?
@@JanBruunAndersen "Brine mining consists of injecting (fresh) water down into salt deposits through deep boreholes. The water dissolves the salt deposits, creating a rich brine that can be pumped up to the surface. The brine is pumped into shallow ponds and is left in the sun to evaporate" ( I can't send a link because RUclips normally deletes the comment, feel free to Google it)
Plus in the post hard rock mining is mentioned as a means to reduce the use of water. But that would have its own adverse effects.
i hope that satiated your curiosity.
Of course they say any form of nationalisation is bad news… If only there were real world examples of where it was used to directly benefit the citizens of the country where it’s extracted… wink nudge Norway.
@dw news at 12:12, why do you show LG? It is south korean. What a bummer. How do you edit these videos? Rest of the documentary is very good though, thanks for a lot of information and views. 👏🏽
Australia is by far the biggest lithium producer yet stories about lithium just focus on South America. Also Australia will only continue to grow because South America is going to nationalize there lithium production which always kills the industry.
Lithium battery technology will not help solve are energy crisis, post net zero.... Sorry to disappoint everyone....
Unless we can find a way to recycle the lithium and use it again this push is madness in terms of resources used to benefits seen
The government of Chile will be better off overseeing and governing the standards of the extraction and refining process. National own companies usually don’t have good efficiency. They should learn from Australia
As an Australian im proud that we are such a big exporter of minerals due the free market and stability we have. However it hurts to see the profits go overseas, we really need to learn from Norway and Saudi. But maybe oil is a different beast.
more batteries = more problems.
More batteries = less fossil fuels = waaaaaaaaaaaay much less problems
@@ricardomadleno564 Yeah who cares about small African children and civil war these minerals drive? That doesn't matter. Also you do realize that mining is the same as fossil fuel production. Stop living in a BS fantasy.
It’s still in the early phases and no doubt we will see massive changes a long the way. It’s not a complete solution but it’s significantly better compared to fossil fuels.
Problem of energy abundance.
Aussie Aussie Aussie.
Tread carefully europe , dont throw all your eggs into the chinese basket , your dependence on russian fossil fuels should have taught u a lesson
Missing info on the "west"'s companies decision making in terms of investment and climate neutrality responsibility - from a western voter perspective.
Interesting that toyota is investing in hydrogen rather than electric !
With the production of sodium based batteries in China, the prices of lithium is going to crash back to earth.
Why do wind turbines need lithium batteries?
since it's intermittent....
some form of storage is ultimately be needed....
For energy storage.....
Their flag looks very similar to the Texas state flag
Germanh is collapsing 😜
Howcome?
Truth
how to ruin the earth directly.
this is worse than any greenhouse gases
Australia the lucky country
Good thing America left the TPP Pac.
A national lithium company?😂, private companies runs best, just raise the taxes on lithium production and processing!
Europeans can also enjoy Afghan lithium if they make contracts with them.
What if we enjoy European lithium? Portugal, Germany, Austria and Finland all have sizable reserves. And we don't have to dodge bullets mining it. As soon as the Russians stop shooting, Ukraine, too, will start mining lithium.
Natural resources should always be state own as long as it benefits their people
Pretty dumb if you don't sell as much lithium as you can right now while the price is high. Other types of battery storage are possible and may be vastly superior. For example Aluminum or graphene batteries. Also far more lithium in the sea, effective lithium extraction may produce abundant lithium.
You're not listening.. just commenting😅😅 Political, economy and manufacturing ev are all lithium.
Those countries will be doomed if they can't turn this once a life time windfall into sustainable economic capacity, once new technologies developed, like sodium ion battery, lithium price would drop like a rock, lithium industry would be gone like smoke.
Slam 50% taxes on chinese cars.
Competition sucks
@@nc3826 Stealing sucks.
true, stealing sales, does suck....
for those who are too incompetent to compete :(
@@nc3826 No, stealing IP sucks.
true, Chinese IP is so is so advanced
it sucks that it's stolen....
Taiwan is not part of China as a well known fact. Please correct your map.
Taiwan is a part of China.
Your country says otherwise. So...
Lithium technology may be over before it has really started. It may yet be replaced by batteries made of sodium and phosphate. Eliminating both lithium and cobalt. The sodium ion phosphate battery has the promise of being cheaper and offer better battery parameters.
People don't need their own motorized vehicles. There is public transit, there are bicycles and there are legs.
public transports only good in china, but not in america
So how would a tradesman take all his tools, a ladder, and several lengths of 3.2 metre long wood on public transport or a bicycle?
@@Brian-om2hh That's easy, he simply wouldn't.
@@privacyhelp There are many reasons why this is so.
@@privacyhelp Public transport is pretty good everywhere in the developed world. Murica is the exception that proves the rule.
The province of Québec Canada wants to do exactly the same thing. But making batteries for private passenger cars is not an answer to climate change. More money for public transit must be given and a moratorium on private car construction must be implemented.
No one will buy chile's lithium. However I hope sodium comes to a head
I will buy
EVs are garbage...
Hate CCP
Millions of UYGHURS Rotting Inside Giant IRON Walls of CHINA ! What POWER they USE!!😅😅😅