Thank you Nick for elaborating on hornblende, your descriptions have cleared some misconceptions I've had when trying ID some samples in my California neck of the woods.
Watched this episode live until a little ways past the middle and had to attend to something that took me away from finishing my viewing. I have since returned and finished my viewing and want to thank you, Nick. If there is one thing that I notice about you and your method of "teaching," it is that your approach in these subject matters are not what I have seen throughout my lifetime. It was after watching a few of your videos and then one of your live broadcasts, that I realized you have a unique way of thinking about how to present these topics. Your ideas and thoughts about your interests in this geologic area I find fascinating, and then to bring us along with you by sharing in easily understood terms for geology noobs, I personally consider as something of high value. In addition, the feedback and participation is somewhat astonishing to me because there seems to be a lack of egos among this group you have following and participating. So, again, THANK YOU.
Another suggestion, for this series: Maybe you should dedicate one of the last episodes to the future of the Cascades? Can you and your expert friends predict what will happen to the Cascades in the next few million years? Are certain trends escalating or slowing down? What would a geologist see 10 or 20 million years from now, considering local and global stories?
Loved being in on the live cast this morning, and talking with my fellow Zentnerds here! Gary Paull, you are such a cool individual and I appreciate you engaging me earlier. Honestly, Friday night is my night to have fun... so I'm not at my best Saturday morning, but it is still a thrill to know that Nick has built this beautiful community that exists here. Nick, Gary, Jeff, Basil, Stacia, Bob, Mike, Hannah, Erin, Skye, (not to dimminish anyone without mention) what a wonderful world of information and facts you are introducing us to here. I started my geology learning experience HERE with you all in 2021 and feel blessed to have been able to receive all of this information from you all. Please keep it going! You all communicate this information beautifully! Thank you!!!❤️🌍🌎🌏❤️
Your lectures are pure hypnosis, to me. Two scales/ranges do give me the same shivers: time range in geology and distance range in astronomy. Your lectures catapult me in an other dimension. What is great about your teaching method is you make the matter very understandable. Thank you very much.
A very easy to follow episode. I like the diagram that shows the uneven edge to the break-off. It reminds me that we'd expect to see a messy mix of decompression melting from the upwelling mantle, small areas of slab melt where it's in contact with unusually hot mantle and eventually hydration melting from subduction.
Nick, this was a great episode, loved the prep you and Jeff, Jamie did for it. I really appreciate your involving me in the prep and posting tech papers in advance. I note unsurprisingly that I learn so much more having gone through those resources before the main event. You are the best teacher I’ve ever had. Keep doing it YOUR WAY! It’s unique and it works. There is no one who is doing it better than you, no one.
Wasn’t able to catch this live this morning so just watched the recording. Great session! I had already seen the Zoom discussions this week and I appreciated the repetition of the content today-helped me truly grasp it. Exciting stuff!
Judicious use of repetition is very, very helpful, especially for some of the more complex ideas. Sometimes you have to travel down a path several times before you can see there IS a path.
In replay due to time difference. Great stuff. I watched a great Myron Cook video yesterday about pre hotspot, flat slab subduction and break off under Yellowstone in the same time frame as Nick's PNW investigation. Very interesting
Nick - you were on fire today. I think your chat through with Jeff yesterday really fired your creative gene. The thing I am taking away from this PNW arc story, is that there is no singular model to explain the whole thing and it maybe that we can never fully understand/ explain what actually happened - that is one of the aspects of geology I like. Good luck with the Emmy. Keep up the energy. Thanks
1:40:46 Using Ken Clark's diagram implying the Farallon plate "moved North;" that conclusion isn't exclusive, it can (and may be the most likely) that the orientation of NAs irregular coastal margin changed its angle in relation to the direction of the oceanic plate, thus moved away from a strike-slip bearing toward full subduction.
Great as always❣ Jeff's explanation about the Ba/Nb ratio becoming greater over time makes sense, but still leaves me with a couple of questions (associated with the visual at 48:22). Does the Ba/Nb avg ratio go down just a bit in the 8-17 Ma section (vs the 18-25 Ma section) because of the CRB's? or is there a different reason? 🤔The Ba avg for the 4-7 Ma group and the 36-45 Ma group are both 201.66 and the Nb avg for the 4-7 Ma group and the 36-45 Ma group are both 15.06 ...so both groups have the same Ba avg & the same Nb avg, but a very different Ba/Nb avg (14.61 for the 36-45 Ma group & 57.70 for the 4-7 Ma group).. why would that be? Same Ba avg & same Nb avg, but very different Ba/Nb avg.?? 😕 If both groups have the same Ba avg & the same Nb avg, wouldn't they have the same Ba/Nb avg?😕 Is the number of samples a factor? 🤨 The table seems to indicate that the Ba avg went down from the 18-25 Ma group to the 8-17 Ma group, and down more to the 4-7 Ma group instead of up; though the Nb avg went up from the 8-17 Ma group to the 4-7 Ma group... Ba avg back down & Nb avg back up would seem to make the avg/ration lower again? Can the Ba avg go up if magmas are coming up through older magmas that already had a reasonable Ba amount? (for instance... would or could the Ba from Ohanapecosh be added into newer magmas coming through Ohanapecosh?) 😻💖💞❣
I think Jeff in the chat cottoned on to the figures not quite seeming to make sense but did seem pretty sure that the Ba/Nb ratios were correct. In Nicks 351 (2021) class there was a paper by Cahoon, Streck, Koppers & Miggins (Geology 48) which has a plot of Ba/Nb v La/Ta - very few of the samples show a Ba/Nb ratio
You know what you should do to really improve your show? Do whatever you want to do, keep doing what you want and don’t stop doing what you want to do.
If I may offer a little suggestion for future series: Once in a while you mention "Global stories" during your episodes. Maybe a series dealing with global stories which influence the state of Washington might be an interesting idea. The birth and evolution of Laurentia (North America)? The forming and breaking of super continents? The ice ages?
Sad to see ‘blue’ go, it has been fascinating! This is a lot of work! Does Liz miss you? Thank you again for taking us along on this journey. Canby, OR
Gawd I'm late as usual or something... getting inn!!! K... later friends. ....( so Nick...like Geology , interpersonal relationships are complicated. You have spanned the void between knowledge learning and being friend's) gawd a few of us are proud to say nerd,,ned:-). Piont being carry on Sir we're listening and as I said before there's lots of smart people listening to your class and praise the fact you are bringing many of our local finest to inform... .....grins.... be well brother ned!
Nick, Colorado Pete here from the Sonoran desert via Rockford Oregon and the parkdale flow( Mt Hood burped a ton of lava, it's a great hike during blossom season! I'll guide you!
I have been up on Mt. Stuart many times. A couple of years ago I hiked the Ingalls trail past the lake and crossed the pass dividing Ingalls from Stuart. There’s a distinct contact between the Serpentinite of the Ingalls and the Tonalite of Stuart. Which is cool, but I came here to tell you I crossed the pass to get to the north side of Stuart and seeing huge mafic enclaves in the tonalite. I was assuming it was the border between the older country rock and the batholith with mafic dropstones.
Sea level is such a moving target correlated with ice ages going back millions of years that you might need a scale showing how water levels are an associated with volcanic activity.
I love the idea of a snapshot of each decade. I’m sure someone watching this series has the ability to make the drawing. What would probably help is if you keep fleshing that story out, Nick. If you can figure out the details from your specialist geology guests about what it would have looked like, then it can be drawn. That’s my two cents. Great episode BTW.
I’m really fascinated with Jeff’s trace element analysis. Especially the Barium enrichment over time details. I wonder if this can be used to improve age constraints on Sierra Nevada subduction to help find out when things like Hit And Run or westward subduction might have been taking place.
What do aquafers under the cascades, possibly heating deep underground, influence magma production. Learning of the new aquafer under the Oregon Cascades makes me think about what I am learning here. I appreciate how these episodes make me ask questions, however silly they might seem.
@@ms_khoff I love it here to but I love goelogy of Washington. Although now this gets me to thinking about here in the subduction what exactly am I sitting on. A lot of sandy clays. orange grays and the coastal range will be fun to study. 📚🤩
I have often thought that NorCal (I am in Marin) needs their own Nick Z. The geologic story of CA from Big Sur up to the Oregon border is infinitely interesting
@Nick Have they worked out the volume of lava over time, verses the volume of subducted plate? Maybe it all erupts, leaving the gaps we're calling breaks.
Hi Nick.. Man I’m so glad I tuned in this morning. I’m thinking about the volcano that are predicting could blow off coast of Oregon. Will they be collecting lavas. Would that help with what you’re identify now ❓🤷🏻♀️💥
@Nick Isn't the energy build up from the pressure of the subducting plate on the continental plate, going to melt the spots where the friction pressure is highest? Might not need magma to break through from below both. As the temperature increases with depth in any case, it might not need to be raised much more from the friction and pressure to melt spots enough to make volcanoes.
@1.05, your thoughts on the submarine/wet areas with or without Strato Volcanoes. Is there any where on the Planet now that could be comparable to this thought? The early initiation of the Arc? I tend to think new Volcanoes in subduction areas as either South America or the Tonga/New Zeeland area but there again, new Volcanoes but long lived Subduction. There was the Farmer in Mexico that found a new Volcanoe in his field, one morning, Paracutin. Its shows these things can grow at a tremendous rate. Uplift at the same time. Is there any record of the amount of uplift in the North/Whole of the Cascades in comparison to the Volcanic activity happening at the same time. Here we go again with Clockwise Rotation, that provides some of the uplift? Anyway, really enjoyed this one, thanks.Looking forward to the next.
Not understanding the basic idea that MOR extrusives all have the same composition along the ridge and across the plate through time? How does the 'underground weather' (very slowly!) blend everything together so well?
@Nick You are trying to uncook the stew on your plate, to see what the whole vegetables looked like, and what pot they were boiled in (could be worse: might have been soup!). :)
Are hotspot/plume magmas the same composition as MOR magmas? If not, this implies that plates may travel over magmas of different composition, and pick up different elemental components as they go, varying with the route taken...
Seing in replay...learning geology, but is better eat something before, with the food examples is easy to became hungry😅...COULD THE EXISTENCE OF ADAKITE HELP TO KNOW WHERE IS THE OCEANIC SLAB, LOWER OR UP?THE VOLUME OF ERUPTION...THE TIME THAT IS NEED TO FORME A STRATOVULCANO...
How do we tell the hornblendes aren't augites? (Long time since I tried to make sense of my school petrology book! :) ) I kind of remembered hornblende as beerbottle brown, but maybe that's its streak?
@markwalton3706 And how do you tell that looking at a black mark on a rock, pray? As it happens, they showed that weathered ones were brown in a later clip, so our school samples had probably been knocking about a while. :)
That was awesome tries explaining what, why, how of Ba and Nb signetures at the arc subduction or not!! Yes, I got to keep thinking about this in order to be throughly enjoy this Alphabet, but worth it, really!! I'm excited with our vibes considering where we were (I was) in the beginning of this series, thank you Nick!!😘💞🩷✨
@Nick Have you looked at the videos of the shores of Lake Erie 'being subducted' under wind blown ice? May be good speeded up demo of your plate boundary mountain building, though no magma involved. However: once the ice is on the land, you could envisage the pools and streams it makes as the warmth of the 'shore plate' melts it, as if they were melted continental plate, though the land isn't hot enough to turn them to 'steam volcanoes'. The videos are quite impressive: m.ruclips.net/video/geE_A8_0a-k/видео.html&pp=ygUUaWNlIHRzdW5hbWkgb24gbGFrZXc%3D
Thank you Nick for elaborating on hornblende, your descriptions have cleared some misconceptions I've had when trying ID some samples in my California neck of the woods.
Watched this episode live until a little ways past the middle and had to attend to something that took me away from finishing my viewing. I have since returned and finished my viewing and want to thank you, Nick. If there is one thing that I notice about you and your method of "teaching," it is that your approach in these subject matters are not what I have seen throughout my lifetime. It was after watching a few of your videos and then one of your live broadcasts, that I realized you have a unique way of thinking about how to present these topics. Your ideas and thoughts about your interests in this geologic area I find fascinating, and then to bring us along with you by sharing in easily understood terms for geology noobs, I personally consider as something of high value. In addition, the feedback and participation is somewhat astonishing to me because there seems to be a lack of egos among this group you have following and participating. So, again, THANK YOU.
Super interesting episode! Learned a lot!!! Thank you Nick, Jeff and Jamie!!!
Another suggestion, for this series: Maybe you should dedicate one of the last episodes to the future of the Cascades? Can you and your expert friends predict what will happen to the Cascades in the next few million years? Are certain trends escalating or slowing down? What would a geologist see 10 or 20 million years from now, considering local and global stories?
Loved being in on the live cast this morning, and talking with my fellow Zentnerds here! Gary Paull, you are such a cool individual and I appreciate you engaging me earlier. Honestly, Friday night is my night to have fun... so I'm not at my best Saturday morning, but it is still a thrill to know that Nick has built this beautiful community that exists here. Nick, Gary, Jeff, Basil, Stacia, Bob, Mike, Hannah, Erin, Skye, (not to dimminish anyone without mention) what a wonderful world of information and facts you are introducing us to here. I started my geology learning experience HERE with you all in 2021 and feel blessed to have been able to receive all of this information from you all. Please keep it going! You all communicate this information beautifully! Thank you!!!❤️🌍🌎🌏❤️
I'm as excited about this A to Z series as you Nick.
Thank you
Thanks for all the hard work on these videos!
Your lectures are pure hypnosis, to me. Two scales/ranges do give me the same shivers: time range in geology and distance range in astronomy. Your lectures catapult me in an other dimension. What is great about your teaching method is you make the matter very understandable. Thank you very much.
A very easy to follow episode. I like the diagram that shows the uneven edge to the break-off. It reminds me that we'd expect to see a messy mix of decompression melting from the upwelling mantle, small areas of slab melt where it's in contact with unusually hot mantle and eventually hydration melting from subduction.
Brilliant episode, watched it twice!
Thank you Skye great visual!
Nick, this was a great episode, loved the prep you and Jeff, Jamie did for it. I really appreciate your involving me in the prep and posting tech papers in advance. I note unsurprisingly that I learn so much more having gone through those resources before the main event. You are the best teacher I’ve ever had. Keep doing it YOUR WAY! It’s unique and it works. There is no one who is doing it better than you, no one.
Great episode, thank you Nick!
Had to watch this one on replay 😊
Thank you for repeating everything. I appreciate it!
Wasn’t able to catch this live this morning so just watched the recording. Great session! I had already seen the Zoom discussions this week and I appreciated the repetition of the content today-helped me truly grasp it. Exciting stuff!
Watching from NC
Very enjoyable show, Nick
Judicious use of repetition is very, very helpful, especially for some of the more complex ideas. Sometimes you have to travel down a path several times before you can see there IS a path.
In replay due to time difference. Great stuff. I watched a great Myron Cook video yesterday about pre hotspot, flat slab subduction and break off under Yellowstone in the same time frame as Nick's PNW investigation. Very interesting
I'm glad you are feeling relaxed, who needs stress, especially when your loved ones are involved.
Nick - you were on fire today. I think your chat through with Jeff yesterday really fired your creative gene.
The thing I am taking away from this PNW arc story, is that there is no singular model to explain the whole thing and it maybe that we can never fully understand/ explain what actually happened - that is one of the aspects of geology I like.
Good luck with the Emmy.
Keep up the energy.
Thanks
1:40:46 Using Ken Clark's diagram implying the Farallon plate "moved North;" that conclusion isn't exclusive, it can (and may be the most likely) that the orientation of NAs irregular coastal margin changed its angle in relation to the direction of the oceanic plate, thus moved away from a strike-slip bearing toward full subduction.
Great as always❣
Jeff's explanation about the Ba/Nb ratio becoming greater over time makes sense, but still leaves me with a couple of questions (associated with the visual at 48:22).
Does the Ba/Nb avg ratio go down just a bit in the 8-17 Ma section (vs the 18-25 Ma section) because of the CRB's? or is there a different reason?
🤔The Ba avg for the 4-7 Ma group and the 36-45 Ma group are both 201.66 and the Nb avg for the 4-7 Ma group and the 36-45 Ma group are both 15.06 ...so both groups have the same Ba avg & the same Nb avg, but a very different Ba/Nb avg (14.61 for the 36-45 Ma group & 57.70 for the 4-7 Ma group).. why would that be? Same Ba avg & same Nb avg, but very different Ba/Nb avg.?? 😕 If both groups have the same Ba avg & the same Nb avg, wouldn't they have the same Ba/Nb avg?😕 Is the number of samples a factor? 🤨
The table seems to indicate that the Ba avg went down from the 18-25 Ma group to the 8-17 Ma group, and down more to the 4-7 Ma group instead of up; though the Nb avg went up from the 8-17 Ma group to the 4-7 Ma group... Ba avg back down & Nb avg back up would seem to make the avg/ration lower again?
Can the Ba avg go up if magmas are coming up through older magmas that already had a reasonable Ba amount? (for instance... would or could the Ba from Ohanapecosh be added into newer magmas coming through Ohanapecosh?)
😻💖💞❣
I think Jeff in the chat cottoned on to the figures not quite seeming to make sense but did seem pretty sure that the Ba/Nb ratios were correct.
In Nicks 351 (2021) class there was a paper by Cahoon, Streck, Koppers & Miggins (Geology 48) which has a plot of Ba/Nb v La/Ta - very few of the samples show a Ba/Nb ratio
You know what you should do to really improve your show? Do whatever you want to do, keep doing what you want and don’t stop doing what you want to do.
love the show!
If I may offer a little suggestion for future series:
Once in a while you mention "Global stories" during your episodes. Maybe a series dealing with global stories which influence the state of Washington might be an interesting idea. The birth and evolution of Laurentia (North America)? The forming and breaking of super continents? The ice ages?
Sad to see ‘blue’ go, it has been fascinating! This is a lot of work! Does Liz miss you? Thank you again for taking us along on this journey. Canby, OR
Gawd I'm late as usual or something... getting inn!!! K... later friends.
....( so Nick...like Geology , interpersonal relationships are complicated. You have spanned the void between knowledge learning and being friend's) gawd a few of us are proud to say nerd,,ned:-).
Piont being carry on Sir we're listening and as I said before there's lots of smart people listening to your class and praise the fact you are bringing many of our local finest to inform...
.....grins.... be well brother ned!
Nick, Colorado Pete here from the Sonoran desert via Rockford Oregon and the parkdale flow( Mt Hood burped a ton of lava, it's a great hike during blossom season! I'll guide you!
Great episode.
I have been up on Mt. Stuart many times. A couple of years ago I hiked the Ingalls trail past the lake and crossed the pass dividing Ingalls from Stuart. There’s a distinct contact between the Serpentinite of the Ingalls and the Tonalite of Stuart. Which is cool, but I came here to tell you I crossed the pass to get to the north side of Stuart and seeing huge mafic enclaves in the tonalite. I was assuming it was the border between the older country rock and the batholith with mafic dropstones.
Sea level is such a moving target correlated with ice ages going back millions of years that you might need a scale showing how water levels are an associated with volcanic activity.
I love the idea of a snapshot of each decade. I’m sure someone watching this series has the ability to make the drawing. What would probably help is if you keep fleshing that story out, Nick. If you can figure out the details from your specialist geology guests about what it would have looked like, then it can be drawn. That’s my two cents. Great episode BTW.
I’m really fascinated with Jeff’s trace element analysis. Especially the Barium enrichment over time details. I wonder if this can be used to improve age constraints on Sierra Nevada subduction to help find out when things like Hit And Run or westward subduction might have been taking place.
We know you're not BSing Nick! :D That's the best part!
Today we have the Juan De Fuca plate subducting. When did that start? is JDF just renamed farrallon?
Just my luck to show up to early day magmas late ...
Hi Nick. From Granite Falls
I wanna do a trip up north from Vancouver WA. Granite Falls pluton is on the itinerary.
What do aquafers under the cascades, possibly heating deep underground, influence magma production. Learning of the new aquafer under the Oregon Cascades makes me think about what I am learning here. I appreciate how these episodes make me ask questions, however silly they might seem.
Fort Bragg, Ca coast. Born I Ephrata and miss the Columbia country so much 💫
I love Ft Bragg ❤
@@ms_khoff I love it here to but I love goelogy of Washington. Although now this gets me to thinking about here in the subduction what exactly am I sitting on.
A lot of sandy clays. orange grays and the coastal range will be fun to study. 📚🤩
I have often thought that NorCal (I am in Marin) needs their own Nick Z. The geologic story of CA from Big Sur up to the Oregon border is infinitely interesting
@ I totally agree. I’ve been fascinated with the east sierra and realized start more a curiosity of right where I’m at.
wondering if the 'light blue' formations are equivalent to what seems to be called the 'Western Cascades' in Oregon?
I'd check out some of Tanya Atwater's work. I believe it's from 1989 but the models maps etc are worth a look for sure.
@Nick Have they worked out the volume of lava over time, verses the volume of subducted plate? Maybe it all erupts, leaving the gaps we're calling breaks.
Hi Nick.. Man I’m so glad I tuned in this morning. I’m thinking about the volcano that are predicting could blow off coast of Oregon. Will they be collecting lavas. Would that help with what you’re identify now ❓🤷🏻♀️💥
@Nick Isn't the energy build up from the pressure of the subducting plate on the continental plate, going to melt the spots where the friction pressure is highest? Might not need magma to break through from below both. As the temperature increases with depth in any case, it might not need to be raised much more from the friction and pressure to melt spots enough to make volcanoes.
@1.05, your thoughts on the submarine/wet areas with or without Strato Volcanoes. Is there any where on the Planet now that could be comparable to this thought? The early initiation of the Arc? I tend to think new Volcanoes in subduction areas as either South America or the Tonga/New Zeeland area but there again, new Volcanoes but long lived Subduction. There was the Farmer in Mexico that found a new Volcanoe in his field, one morning, Paracutin. Its shows these things can grow at a tremendous rate. Uplift at the same time. Is there any record of the amount of uplift in the North/Whole of the Cascades in comparison to the Volcanic activity happening at the same time. Here we go again with Clockwise Rotation, that provides some of the uplift? Anyway, really enjoyed this one, thanks.Looking forward to the next.
"What does it mean to be curious"... Bieju knows...
Memorex, caffeine (and curiosity?) in the latenite Coulton...
Not understanding the basic idea that MOR extrusives all have the same composition along the ridge and across the plate through time? How does the 'underground weather' (very slowly!) blend everything together so well?
@Nick You are trying to uncook the stew on your plate, to see what the whole vegetables looked like, and what pot they were boiled in (could be worse: might have been soup!). :)
Are hotspot/plume magmas the same composition as MOR magmas? If not, this implies that plates may travel over magmas of different composition, and pick up different elemental components as they go, varying with the route taken...
Great talk! Are there signatures of submarine mountain vs exposed above water mountains? Both being igneous
Seing in replay...learning geology, but is better eat something before, with the food examples is easy to became hungry😅...COULD THE EXISTENCE OF ADAKITE HELP TO KNOW WHERE IS THE OCEANIC SLAB, LOWER OR UP?THE VOLUME OF ERUPTION...THE TIME THAT IS NEED TO FORME A STRATOVULCANO...
HORN - BLEND
How do we tell the hornblendes aren't augites? (Long time since I tried to make sense of my school petrology book! :) ) I kind of remembered hornblende as beerbottle brown, but maybe that's its streak?
Hornblendes are amphiboles (double-chain silicate), Augites are pyroxenes (single chain silicate).
@markwalton3706 And how do you tell that looking at a black mark on a rock, pray? As it happens, they showed that weathered ones were brown in a later clip, so our school samples had probably been knocking about a while. :)
@@spamletspamley672 - thats Jeff's years of field observations and knowledge.
Could the slab angle be determined by tomography?
That was awesome tries explaining what, why, how of Ba and Nb signetures at the arc subduction or not!! Yes, I got to keep thinking about this in order to be throughly enjoy this Alphabet, but worth it, really!! I'm excited with our vibes considering where we were (I was) in the beginning of this series, thank you Nick!!😘💞🩷✨
Moses Lake Wa. Ray
1:17:50 Nick on the Dox LOL!
Jeff in Duvall has a great wife.
@Nick Have you looked at the videos of the shores of Lake Erie 'being subducted' under wind blown ice? May be good speeded up demo of your plate boundary mountain building, though no magma involved. However: once the ice is on the land, you could envisage the pools and streams it makes as the warmth of the 'shore plate' melts it, as if they were melted continental plate, though the land isn't hot enough to turn them to 'steam volcanoes'. The videos are quite impressive: m.ruclips.net/video/geE_A8_0a-k/видео.html&pp=ygUUaWNlIHRzdW5hbWkgb24gbGFrZXc%3D
Ohannahshamloopacosh