I once had some kid as a dive buddy unable to get in his wetsuit he needed all 6 of us to get him in it Also I like the hashtag #shaundoesntreallypunchdolphins
Went diving on a charter with a decent sized group: maybe 15-20 divers total broken into 3 or 4 groups. One group was a class completing their 3rd and 4th dives. We didn't dive with him but we saw him do his idiotic things. Tried to touch a turtle that was sitting inside this small metal container, until his instructor pulled him back. Tried to touch everything really, ended up getting a bloody knee because he had poor buoyancy over the artificial reef, had to surface before the rest of the class because he sucked down his tank in less than 15 minutes at 60ft. His wife was also getting certified, but she was having some issues on the boat during the surface interval. She was a larger woman who was happy just sitting still, until she had to vomit. Made no attempt to stand up and turn around to throw up overboard, she just sat in place, put her hand over her mouth, and threw up all over herself. They were a true power couple.
Narcosis had me considering swapping batteries from my secondary light to my primary. Underwater. Thankfully, the thought only occured for a few seconds and was gone before I started acting on it. I felt dumb but it made me laugh!
On the other side of the coin.... I did a dive in Aruba years ago. The dive master had about 6-7 divers with him. We never got deep, maybe 50 feet max? One diver sucked his tank down to about 1200 psi in about 10 minutes. The divemaster swapped gear with him underwater - tank, bc, reg, everything. The guy sucked that one dry too in another 10 minutes, and the DM sent him back to the surface. One by one, the rest of us ran low, and went up. It ended up with just the DM and me left. He still came up with more air than I had. I think the guy had gills, and didn't really need compressed air.
My favorite is from my time as a divemaster trainee. I was following along sheepdogging an advanced course, in particular the night dive. At one point during the dive I noticed I had picked up an extra buddy pair following me. I did my best to explain to them that they're with the wrong group, and should turn around. Eventually having to turn around myself and lead them back, get thanked by their instructor, and then re-find the group I was sheepdogging. After the dive their instructor told me that she'd sent them out on a go 20 kicks and return skill, and they'd just gone off and found themselves another group to follow instead.
How about an Idiot dive guide story? Was diving somewhere in southern Asia right after doing my open water. Went out on a boat with 2 dive guides and two people I soon found out were out for a DSD trip. I was told the guides would be taking the DSD couple around and that I was just sort of tagging along. Not ideal but I wanted to do some diving. So we get down to depth when the first warning sign crops up. We were at 16 meters and DSD Divers are only allowed to go to 5. Since they were the dive professionals I ignored it and just payed attention to diving. The viz was horrid as the water was chalk full of silt from a nearby river. If I were to say it was 2 meters I'd be being generous. After about 45 minutes on the bottom we got back on the boat and I noticed the two guides getting in to it with each other. I asked what the deal was and one of them said he was just telling his partner that he forgot to bring a 2nd tank for him for our 2nd dive and that he’d have to go back down with around 60-70 bar left. They both laughed it off so I took it for the joke it most obviously was. When we were back in the water and getting ready to descend, the first dive instructor told me to come back up when he was out of air. I though this was just part of the joke from earlier and didn’t pay it much attention. I got back down to depth and had to wait longer than I’d expected as the two DSDs and guides came down the mooring line. The viz was just as bad as during the last dive so it took me a minute to realize that there were only 3 people coming down to join me. Turns out the dive guides weren’t joking and only sent down one guide ‘cause the other was out of air. To make matters worse, the dive guide gave me the signal to buddy up with one of the DSDs. We were down over 3 times the depth they were allowed to be, in horrid viz and my ‘buddy’ decided to not wear his fins because (as he would later tell me) they gave him cramps. That left him with no control, cartwheeling around while trying to fight the current. I wanted to thumb the dive then and there but when I looked around the dive guide had taken the other DSD diver and disappeared to parts unknown. With the bad viz there was no chance for me to find them without leaving Mr. Cartwheel in an unsafe situation. Keep in mind this is only a month after I got my OWD so I barely knew what I was doing myself. I gave him the signal to start to ascend but of course he had no idea what I was trying to tell him and I couldn’t get him to follow me. In the end I didn’t want to leave him down there with no idea what he was doing so I babysat him until the dive guide returned. We all got back to the boat in one piece but there was so much stupidity going on that day.
@@grifini27 I did but the DSD incident wasn't what got me to cross that line. It was when I found the dive guide shoving a metal probe into an eel's mouth to give the other DSD diver a better show. Seriously who does that?
That's such a teainwreck. Btw DSD dive 1 has to be in a pool, or in pool-like conditions(max depth 6 meters, high visibility, minimal current or waves), which this doesn't sound like it would qualify. DSD dive 2 can be up to 12 meters in open water. I've had about 200 DSD students, when I was working in Cyrprus, we had a perfect sheltered cove for dive 1.
Went with my husband on his open water cert dive weekend. As I wasn’t allowed to dive with the class the first day, I teamed up with a guy who’s girlfriend was also in the class. As we started our first decent of the day, he signals to return to the surface after about 10-15 ft. On the surface, he says he’s having trouble clearing. We try again. Surface sign at 20 ft. This time he’s pouring blood out of his nose. I attempted to convince him to call his dive, which he refused. I then refused to be his “buddy,” so he huffed off. Two days later, I see him and his newly certified gf attempting to dive together now that the instructors have all left. They had to abort the day finally when Gf sucked her tank from 3000psi to 800 in less than 15 minutes at 25-30ft. Last we saw them was walking to return their tanks with him still having nosebleed issues
True story: when we took the open water license, the instructor asked how many air in our tank left. My buddy, being an idiot, would like to give the "50 bar left" but give a set of "5 -0" or underwater becomes a "🖐🏽-👌🏽" no need to say the instructor went on exploring and my friend and I had to do emergency resurface.. lol
i once had a dive master, who on the boat before the dive gave us a long speach of how corals grow and how slowly they grow and giving us all the reasons not to touch coral. When we went on the first dive i saw him break plenty of coral off and happily use some staghorn to keep him in place whilst checking our air.
While diving the eagles nest wall in Grand Cayman we had an older lady on the boat that was falling asleep on the way out. The boats captain paired her with a guy who hadn't been diving in years. We all kitted up and jumped in. The lady's buddy had enough sense about him that he checked on his buddy and at 78ft he looked at her. Her mask was half full of water and was asleep. We had 4000 ft of water below us. He grabbed her by the BCD and headed to the surface. We never found out what drugs she was on but needless to say she didn't do the second dive.
Hahaha; my Advanced Openwater Dive Buddy did the same as Samwise. Poor visibility; and he did an open box pattern, followed by another left, another right, another left, another right, and another left. Meanwhile, I was just left thinking “Well this guy is an idiot, but I’m not gonna let him get lost and hurt himself” so I followed him. On a positive side, an endangered (vulnerable) Paddlefish snuck up behind me briefly, so that was a brief but awesome sight.
I dove with a guy who started the dive off loosing his buddy (and wife) repeatedly. So this goes on and then we’re at like 60 ft and this guy then realizes that he’s blown through like almost all of his air and is at 200 psi. We we’re able to make it out (somehow) but he finished the dive with like 10 psi.
Saw a video of a guy spearing an angel fish, which attracted a shark. Shark grabbed the fish and the spear, and instead of, you know, letting it go, the guy held on, the shark let go, and the guy ended up with a spear embedded in his forearm.
Koh Tao, Thailand 2002. I'm a PADI MSDT and had been working on the island for a while. Call came over the radio about an accident. As usual, I attend to see if I could help. So this is the scenario: A couple enter the water - HE, a 'qualified' OW diver and SHE, a non diver but accompanies him freediving (you know where this is going don't you...). So, he's at depth (20-25m) and she free dives down to join him and (yes, you've guessed it...) starts breathing off his alternative air source ("ocky"). HE, has forgotten, or never knew about the basic physical laws regarding gas expansion and decompression theory... SHE - never knew this, as why should she? She's a freediver - one breath of air up and down and no bend. So, of course she holds her breath all the way to the surface as per the freediving norm.... .... There was nothing anyone could do. SHE was very, very dead. HE wished he was. This permanently damaged me and a few others who witnessed it. Please... do your fucking homework.
@@brandonm1088 Thanks brandon; I appreciate it mate. I have now retired from professional diving, - ultimately working in the unregulated diving industry throughout the 90s & early 2000s in SE Asia was detrimental to my health. (16 CESAs a day and who gets bent? The instructor. Working 7 days a week with no off-gassing time, who gets bent? The instructor!). Just got bent too many times and had to leave. When I see videos of people using full face snorkel masks with no comprehension of Co2 build up, it utterly depresses me. As does the use of the so called "Spare Air" bullshit. These clowns have no idea about the laws of nature that govern depth & pressure etc. Freedivers HAVE to learn about partial pressure laws and gas expansion.... Thanks for your comment and I wish you well.
me and my diving buddy gathered a bunch of our friends to do a DSD and introduce them all to our favorite thing to do in life. my buddy had a few guys from his school come aswell, one oh them was quite the joker.. anyway this joker decided it would be funny to go up to my buddy and press the inflator button on his BCD, my buddy with basically forced to perform a very rapid CESA.... we did not encourage him to sign up for open water after that.
One of our dive instructors grabbed the onto a whale shark when she was on a dive vacation. Her father is the dive shop owner and dive instructor certifier.
Doing my open water course me and my Dive Instructor was diving along a group of friends who had not dived in over a year. Needles to say, me and my Dive Instructor had our hands busy making sure they where safe as they constantly was all over the place doing their own stuff not paying attention to their Dive Buddy. I remember the DM was scolding them quiet alot when we surfaced and 2 of them had used their BCD to acend to the surface from 20m.
We did the navigation in pairs. One counting the kicks, then tapping the buddy's shoulder who was in charge of the heading when he reached 10. He started off with the compass, and I counted the kicks. North-10-tap, East-10-tap, South-10-tap, West-10-tap. We weren't too far off. Then I took the compass, and my buddy was counting. North-10-...-20-...-30-...-40-... then our instructor tapped my shoulder and we were taken back. I was gonna take it to 50, and then turn around. Apparently my buddy hadn't understood the instructions, even after having gone through the other half of it before.
Like my moron buddy using a jellyfish for a hat to get attention on the beach, only to learn that it was one of the ones that you can safely touch on the OUTSIDE but ... I suppose we called him "Fire Helmet" for a good long while after that although he was not a ginger per se.
The most idiotic thing I did was to put in my snorkel on the surface whilst waiting for the other divers to jump in the wavy ocean, taking a breath before ascending, then 3 metres down taking a big breath still with my snorkel in my mouth! Happened to me every single time!
gonna go with silly rather than idiotic for this one. fairly busy dive boat in thailand diving with a shop we've been using for years so so DM's were friends as much as guides. we were the last group off the boat and we sat in the water while our DM put her fins on to join us we watched as she stepped to the back of the boat, put her reg in her mouth, was about to step off and put one hand on her weight belt, palm of the other on her reg and the promptly poked her self in both eyes. we could have stopped her, but we all laugh about it to this day
On a dive in South Florida there was a diver that had shrimp and watermelon soda for breakfast. Infortunately for the 25 or so students the sea state caused him to vomit the red frothy breakfast on the now rolling boat. Needless to say there were a bunch of unhappy dive students.
I am a scuba instructor for over 10 years now. - I had one diver - he even went twice to dive Antarctica - he was sitting in 25m on the deck of a dive wreck and was wondering why his computer is beeping at him. He just was under 50bar of air.... - One student couldn't equalise and was about to cancel the dive. A sea lion came along and was watching the other OW students in a depth of 8-9m. I told the 'problem student' this, now he was OK and dropped down to the other students. - I was a guide for a couple. He had problems with his equipment and we re-surfaced to get it fixed. She was comfortable to follow the other experianced divers. Wen I took him I tolld him we take a special tour though a wreck... We went into a dark area... over a carpet shark... I think he shit himself... but he came up smilling... he is much better diver now. - I was a guide for Asian couples. One couple couldn't make it down to the 22m max diveside. It was a poor visibility. The girl couldn't make it down, the man returned to the surface. I took the other couple from the divesite (a ship's wreck) towards the island. There we run into a leafy sea dragon. - I took a former student - now Tec-diver - for a dive. He came with this nice side mount equipment. Very impressive. It was just an easy dive. 28m max. A lot of canyons... A navigation challenge. He got lost. "Best dive ever" he said. My strength is to surprise divers. I can show divers dive sites in a different way. For you it can be an adrenaline kick. For me it will be a pleassure. I am a SSI specialty instructor located in Western Australia. Sorry, we don't accept RUclips and Facebook Open Water/Specialty Diving certificates!
In my open water pool dives a gentleman who seemed to have alot of diving experience .. always boasting how good he was.. finaly it was his turn to do the skills and some how got his j-valve rod stuck in the drain guard at the bottom of the pool.. he started to panic and inflated his bcd.. the instructor just sighed before going and rescuing him ... he ended up not passing his open water...
When I was taking my AOW, one of my classmates had one of the worst oxygen consumption rate I've ever seen. After every dive, he would ask me how much air I had left (usually around 60-70bar) and then proceed to tell me that he only had around 20bar left. Mind you he was a former Marine and had some scuba diving experiences whilst serving, so I really didn't why he had trouble managing his breath. His breathing situation got so bad to the point where our instructor would make him carry a second tank just so he wouldn't run out of air (he would still finish the dive with both tank at around 30-40 bar) We only later found out that he was breathing in the same rate as if he was running...
I really really wanna get into scuba diving and I’m hoping to take classes within the next few years so I’ll be sure to share with y’all the idiotic things I’m assuredly going to do
Quick question. I only have 8 dives. When my first dive in order to have enough weight to sink down without air I needed 30 pounds with a 7mm wetsuit. Without the wetsuit I only need 8 pounds to sink. Is the weight that drastic?? Or am I doing something wrong? Thanks
@Rschmidt Schmidt 7mm is quite thick in my opinion but personally I mostly dive in quite comfortable tropical waters so I usually just use 3mm shorts and a rash guard or my 6mm shorty if going below 50 meters or "cool" days/currents. One thing you can try and see if it helps you get down with less weight is to try and get wet so your wetsuit is soaked before you jump in. A 7mm new suit that is dry can hold quite a bit of air and it can take a you a little while for that to leave it after you jump in and make you more buoyant on the surface. With that said, once you get down a bit the problem should go away. Maybe you can try to get into the water with the wetsuit open to properly flood it before getting on the dive boat or submerge it in the rinse bath before putting it on and see if you notice any difference when you start your dive. Of course this is if your dive site is reasonably nearby ;-)
Was your first dive an open water certification dive? Because as instructors we purposely overweight students. As for your question ill give you an example using my own weights. When i wear a 7mm suit i have 9 kilos. When i wear a 2.5mm suit i have 4 kilos. No suit in tropical salt water i have no weights. Another thing to keep note of. With a 7mm wetsuit. Your buoyancy itself will change drastically depending on your depth. So you need a lot more weight to initially get down (the first 2-4 metres) but then that same weight you needed at the start is going to make you start sinking quite fast as your 7mm wetsuit compresses and loses buoyancy. So keep in mind the buoyancy changes are different between thick and thin wetsuits. And the more you dive the more you will learn about what weights you need in what situations 🙂 Happy diving!
I typically use 14 pounds with my 3mm fullsuit and 24 with my 7-6-5mm hooded fullsuit. So 30 with a straight 7mm isn't unusual, I'd say. I'm 6'1" and wear a US size XL suit. Having slightly too much weight isn't a good thing really, but it's a lot less bad than having too little. Too much weight and you waste some air managing your buoyancy, that does suck a little but not as much as having too little weight to stay down as your tank gets low causing a runaway ascent when you're already jammed full of nitrogen.
I’ve lost my mask in my first jump of the boat and it was almost sucked the boat engine few min later I’ve started drinking the sweet sea water at 20ft depth but I’ve survived coughing through my regulator hehehehe and here I am going for my advance course !!
During my open water certification there were only 8 that qualified out of a group of 20. One of the blokes decided to have three mountain dews the morning (Morning??) of his cert dives. Again, only 8 of us certed, and I think you can guess why. But another great vid! Thanks for all the great content (you guys probably get that a lot, right?)
omg, that happened to me too during the navigation test for the AOW. For whatever reason, I got disoriented while looking at the compass with poor visibility. There were 3 of us. I happened to see them and followed from behind, hopefully, to clear the test. Unfortunately, I guessed my instructor saw what was going on (despite the poor visibility) and told me to redo it again. Haha
On my first open water certification, The biggest guy in the group managed to swim 4 inches away from me for 8 dives, till i asked to change group after he hit on the back of the head with his tank while spinning over me. It really sucked cuz he was a nice guy there with his son and friends. But it rly fked up my dives, this guy was like puppy next to me for no reason. we weren't dive buddies, in a group of 12 divers total.
DM with a handicapped scuba association training dive blind guy had a great dive until both of his dive buddies got distracted and let go of him leaving him kicking blind luckily he didn't panic and the instructor and I caught it almost immediately but way dumb...
I went through a commercial dive school in Seattle. A girl one class ahead of me farted in her dry suite and it come out of her right sleeve. After the dive she Started laughing about it.
I got to fifteen feet (five meters) and had not yet equalized my ears. The pressure was high enough that it was difficult. Rather than assend, I just blew harder, POP! I ruptured my middle ear. Was that the most idiotic part of this saga? No! I was too dumb for that. I went diving the following evening with my barotrauma. I was able to equalize on my slow decent but realized that blood in my middle ear prevented pressure from escaping. By ascending very very slowly I painfully reached the surface and called the dive. Avoid barotrauma at all costs, but should it occur, you must completely heal before attempting to dive.
I recalled the time we needed to help a dive boat with a family on that was a drift as there was a fuel problem nd well we where told to look away everyone had got sick from the waiting.
i know someone who on their open water course, the mask removal and replace they flooded the mask and sat there for seventeen minutes(plus minus), luckily it was only her and an instructor no one else was in the water
My friend (a freediver) said once and I quote “ I’ll just come down with my weight belt take your octo and swim with you underwater” I kid you not, so he’s going to come down holding his breath to 20m then without training going to somehow try to purge the regulator, the look on my face said it al to him
I honestly wouldn't worry about him being able to purge the regulator as that isn't anything crazy or complicated. What I would worry about though is him (beeing a freediver) then swimming to the surface while holding his breath which could very well be fatal.
While i was doing my open water pool dives there was one man who new more than the instructor and from what he said he dove alot .while we were doing mask removal and clear well he kinda turned on his back while doing this and he had an older tank with a reserve . Well his reserve rod got into the main drain of the pool. When he wanted to turn around well he panicked when he couldn't turn and pulled his safty vest and filled it up now he was stuck at the bottom of the pool.. our instructor and dive master had to retrieve this person . And he didnt get certified too many stunts like that happened . But it gave the rest of the class lots of laughs..
That's a J valve tank, it's what divers used before SPGs were safe/usual. They have been considered dangerous for a long time. Glad to hear he has to go through the course again, hopefully he pays attention the next time around.
Diving on the Barrier Reef, we were on a square nosed tender which had a wish bone anchor chain (two chains - one off each corner meet about 3 feet underwater. Eddie the idiot does a back roll off the bow of the tender and hooks himself up the anchor chain - bloody nearly drowned in the panic. He was flailing about - so I had to punch him in the face to get his attention so I could unhook him....
I was at Ellerton Lake (North Yorkshire) doing my first Open Water session, anyway, I was on shore watch, and two young'uns near the jetty (Not in our party) were having a bit of a barney, I took no notice really, about 20 minutes later, they came back, and there was a bloke with them, lot older... Anyway, this bloke was going "Never again", "I'm fuming" and "I'm waiting here to calm down, we'll talk about this in the car"... Anyway, turns out, one of the kid's air in the tank tasted of paint, yep, paint, but he went under with it anyway. Then as it happened, sometime in the dive, this kid went missing, and like you suppose too, when a buddy goes AWOL, look for a minute, then surface to regroup, but, they didnt do that, the kid with the paint went to the top, then went back down, the fella and the other lad came up, looked, no sign, so headed back down thinking something was wrong (His air tasted of paint remember, so they were fretting he might of been unconscious under a rock), and for a while, they we're going up and down, passing each other on the vertical without realising... Finally, the kid who was with the fella swam towards the jetty and found his buddy floating about there... Hence the barney I heard prior! I'll be honest, the three of them wanting shooting with [beep], for one, that kid should of never went into the water with a dodgy tasting tank, which is plainly obvious, and two, everyone should of surfaced and stayed there for a minute or two, then raised the alarm. I've been doing it for 5 minutes and know that what they did was a MASSIVE fail!!! :/ And if that wasnt enough, me and my instructor Darren were the last ones out of the lake, another member of our group was on shore watch, and as we were making our way out, he mentioned he think he heard a diver shouting, so we looked and there was this bloke just going around in a circle, so we were shouting, asking if he was okay doing the surface okay signal... Nowt. So Darren pulled on his fins and went in again to go see if he was alright... Turns out, he wasnt... He was disorientated, knackered and literally couldnt find his was back to the shore of the lake, so Darren pulled him back to the jetty, turns out he was diving on his own, and the worst part is, had no training, just basically bought some gear, strapped it to his back and lobbed himself into the lake! :/ The thing is, if our party never had a shore watch, that stupid fella would probably still be swimming in a circle now (At best), because there was literally noone left in the lake.
Dumbest one I ever saw... after a deep dive, a novice got dragged up to the surface. Got landed. Then tried to pull her cuffs off to vent air (drysuit). In atmo. Couldn't keep a straight face (all ended well, btw).
Got lots of stories. RN SABA divers didn’t have a contents gauge - we simply breathed off one tank (of a twin set) and equalised when it ran dry. There was plenty of air to surface, after the 2nd equalisation. The idiotic thing to do, was to forget to shut off the 2nd tank after equalising - so breathing from both tanks! Result - no reserve 😂. Can’t buddy breathe with a twin hose full mask either so this mistake was only made once!
A guy giving non-divers try scuba in a deep quarry solo. Next time I see that, I'm cutting the hose and walking away! Well, not so crazy, but trying to do an advanced class compass course over a magnetite deposit just below the bottom. Everyone got lost! The compass card would dip so hard that the card wouldn't turn with the compass held level, and you swim off course.
Oh for the love of God, people! I’ve watched too many videos of yours, guys! And you are hilarious 🤣! Ok, fine, gonna have to subscribe now 🤣. I give in. But in all seriousness, the videos are very good, informative and entertaining. Thank you 🤗. PS I am not a diver but thinking about it.
I don't know about anyone else but I cannot hear what the person off-camera is saying, so these videos are like watch Charlie Brown speaking with his teacher!
Yeah I think I'm gonna put on a nice RUclips video and eat my lunch. Great plan! Ever wonder what a chicken Caesar salad looks like after being eaten and then barfed onto the dashboard of a frickin semi truck? Today I almost found out......
I once had some kid as a dive buddy unable to get in his wetsuit he needed all 6 of us to get him in it
Also I like the hashtag #shaundoesntreallypunchdolphins
Went diving on a charter with a decent sized group: maybe 15-20 divers total broken into 3 or 4 groups. One group was a class completing their 3rd and 4th dives. We didn't dive with him but we saw him do his idiotic things. Tried to touch a turtle that was sitting inside this small metal container, until his instructor pulled him back. Tried to touch everything really, ended up getting a bloody knee because he had poor buoyancy over the artificial reef, had to surface before the rest of the class because he sucked down his tank in less than 15 minutes at 60ft. His wife was also getting certified, but she was having some issues on the boat during the surface interval. She was a larger woman who was happy just sitting still, until she had to vomit. Made no attempt to stand up and turn around to throw up overboard, she just sat in place, put her hand over her mouth, and threw up all over herself. They were a true power couple.
Narcosis had me considering swapping batteries from my secondary light to my primary. Underwater. Thankfully, the thought only occured for a few seconds and was gone before I started acting on it. I felt dumb but it made me laugh!
I once peed in a drysuit, thinking it was a wetsuit...
that sucks!
Douglas McDonald how do you mistake them? 😂 I’ve never worn a Alfred sute i dont know if there the same
Feel the same*
@@JacksonSurette lol I don't know just wasn't really thinking I guess, water was pretty cold so I really had to go 😂
@@douglasmcdonald501 what does that mean for a drysuit? most of the places we dive there isn't a real reason for a dry suit.
On the other side of the coin....
I did a dive in Aruba years ago. The dive master had about 6-7 divers with him. We never got deep, maybe 50 feet max? One diver sucked his tank down to about 1200 psi in about 10 minutes. The divemaster swapped gear with him underwater - tank, bc, reg, everything. The guy sucked that one dry too in another 10 minutes, and the DM sent him back to the surface. One by one, the rest of us ran low, and went up. It ended up with just the DM and me left. He still came up with more air than I had. I think the guy had gills, and didn't really need compressed air.
My favorite is from my time as a divemaster trainee. I was following along sheepdogging an advanced course, in particular the night dive. At one point during the dive I noticed I had picked up an extra buddy pair following me. I did my best to explain to them that they're with the wrong group, and should turn around. Eventually having to turn around myself and lead them back, get thanked by their instructor, and then re-find the group I was sheepdogging. After the dive their instructor told me that she'd sent them out on a go 20 kicks and return skill, and they'd just gone off and found themselves another group to follow instead.
I had a buddy who thought it would be funny to take out his regulator and scream. He did this multiple times
How about an Idiot dive guide story? Was diving somewhere in southern Asia right after doing my open water. Went out on a boat with 2 dive guides and two people I soon found out were out for a DSD trip. I was told the guides would be taking the DSD couple around and that I was just sort of tagging along. Not ideal but I wanted to do some diving. So we get down to depth when the first warning sign crops up. We were at 16 meters and DSD Divers are only allowed to go to 5. Since they were the dive professionals I ignored it and just payed attention to diving. The viz was horrid as the water was chalk full of silt from a nearby river. If I were to say it was 2 meters I'd be being generous. After about 45 minutes on the bottom we got back on the boat and I noticed the two guides getting in to it with each other. I asked what the deal was and one of them said he was just telling his partner that he forgot to bring a 2nd tank for him for our 2nd dive and that he’d have to go back down with around 60-70 bar left. They both laughed it off so I took it for the joke it most obviously was. When we were back in the water and getting ready to descend, the first dive instructor told me to come back up when he was out of air. I though this was just part of the joke from earlier and didn’t pay it much attention. I got back down to depth and had to wait longer than I’d expected as the two DSDs and guides came down the mooring line. The viz was just as bad as during the last dive so it took me a minute to realize that there were only 3 people coming down to join me. Turns out the dive guides weren’t joking and only sent down one guide ‘cause the other was out of air. To make matters worse, the dive guide gave me the signal to buddy up with one of the DSDs. We were down over 3 times the depth they were allowed to be, in horrid viz and my ‘buddy’ decided to not wear his fins because (as he would later tell me) they gave him cramps. That left him with no control, cartwheeling around while trying to fight the current. I wanted to thumb the dive then and there but when I looked around the dive guide had taken the other DSD diver and disappeared to parts unknown. With the bad viz there was no chance for me to find them without leaving Mr. Cartwheel in an unsafe situation. Keep in mind this is only a month after I got my OWD so I barely knew what I was doing myself. I gave him the signal to start to ascend but of course he had no idea what I was trying to tell him and I couldn’t get him to follow me. In the end I didn’t want to leave him down there with no idea what he was doing so I babysat him until the dive guide returned. We all got back to the boat in one piece but there was so much stupidity going on that day.
Jesus christ! They were very lucky nothing happened! You should have reported it to their dive agency!
@@grifini27 I did but the DSD incident wasn't what got me to cross that line. It was when I found the dive guide shoving a metal probe into an eel's mouth to give the other DSD diver a better show. Seriously who does that?
@@berlinunraveling3101 I hate those metal probes, so unnecessary! Hopefully something will come of being reported. 👍
That's such a teainwreck. Btw DSD dive 1 has to be in a pool, or in pool-like conditions(max depth 6 meters, high visibility, minimal current or waves), which this doesn't sound like it would qualify. DSD dive 2 can be up to 12 meters in open water.
I've had about 200 DSD students, when I was working in Cyrprus, we had a perfect sheltered cove for dive 1.
Went with my husband on his open water cert dive weekend. As I wasn’t allowed to dive with the class the first day, I teamed up with a guy who’s girlfriend was also in the class. As we started our first decent of the day, he signals to return to the surface after about 10-15 ft. On the surface, he says he’s having trouble clearing. We try again. Surface sign at 20 ft. This time he’s pouring blood out of his nose. I attempted to convince him to call his dive, which he refused. I then refused to be his “buddy,” so he huffed off.
Two days later, I see him and his newly certified gf attempting to dive together now that the instructors have all left. They had to abort the day finally when Gf sucked her tank from 3000psi to 800 in less than 15 minutes at 25-30ft. Last we saw them was walking to return their tanks with him still having nosebleed issues
True story: when we took the open water license, the instructor asked how many air in our tank left. My buddy, being an idiot, would like to give the "50 bar left" but give a set of "5 -0" or underwater becomes a "🖐🏽-👌🏽" no need to say the instructor went on exploring and my friend and I had to do emergency resurface.. lol
i once had a dive master, who on the boat before the dive gave us a long speach of how corals grow and how slowly they grow and giving us all the reasons not to touch coral. When we went on the first dive i saw him break plenty of coral off and happily use some staghorn to keep him in place whilst checking our air.
While diving the eagles nest wall in Grand Cayman we had an older lady on the boat that was falling asleep on the way out. The boats captain paired her with a guy who hadn't been diving in years. We all kitted up and jumped in. The lady's buddy had enough sense about him that he checked on his buddy and at 78ft he looked at her. Her mask was half full of water and was asleep. We had 4000 ft of water below us. He grabbed her by the BCD and headed to the surface. We never found out what drugs she was on but needless to say she didn't do the second dive.
Did she get sleeping pills or what?
@@shinazu_k we don't really know but it was scary no the less. Some people don't need to dive.
Hahaha; my Advanced Openwater Dive Buddy did the same as Samwise. Poor visibility; and he did an open box pattern, followed by another left, another right, another left, another right, and another left.
Meanwhile, I was just left thinking “Well this guy is an idiot, but I’m not gonna let him get lost and hurt himself” so I followed him. On a positive side, an endangered (vulnerable) Paddlefish snuck up behind me briefly, so that was a brief but awesome sight.
I dove with a guy who started the dive off loosing his buddy (and wife) repeatedly. So this goes on and then we’re at like 60 ft and this guy then realizes that he’s blown through like almost all of his air and is at 200 psi. We we’re able to make it out (somehow) but he finished the dive with like 10 psi.
Saw a video of a guy spearing an angel fish, which attracted a shark. Shark grabbed the fish and the spear, and instead of, you know, letting it go, the guy held on, the shark let go, and the guy ended up with a spear embedded in his forearm.
Koh Tao, Thailand 2002.
I'm a PADI MSDT and had been working on the island for a while.
Call came over the radio about an accident. As usual, I attend to see if I could help.
So this is the scenario: A couple enter the water - HE, a 'qualified' OW diver and SHE, a non diver but accompanies him freediving (you know where this is going don't you...).
So, he's at depth (20-25m) and she free dives down to join him and (yes, you've guessed it...) starts breathing off his alternative air source ("ocky").
HE, has forgotten, or never knew about the basic physical laws regarding gas expansion and decompression theory...
SHE - never knew this, as why should she? She's a freediver - one breath of air up and down and no bend. So, of course she holds her breath all the way to the surface as per the freediving norm....
.... There was nothing anyone could do. SHE was very, very dead. HE wished he was.
This permanently damaged me and a few others who witnessed it.
Please... do your fucking homework.
I know this reply a year late but this is just tragic. I really hope all the people getting those cheap amazon pony bottles for free diving wise up.
@@brandonm1088 Thanks brandon; I appreciate it mate. I have now retired from professional diving, - ultimately working in the unregulated diving industry throughout the 90s & early 2000s in SE Asia was detrimental to my health.
(16 CESAs a day and who gets bent? The instructor. Working 7 days a week with no off-gassing time, who gets bent? The instructor!).
Just got bent too many times and had to leave.
When I see videos of people using full face snorkel masks with no comprehension of Co2 build up, it utterly depresses me. As does the use of the so called "Spare Air" bullshit. These clowns have no idea about the laws of nature that govern depth & pressure etc.
Freedivers HAVE to learn about partial pressure laws and gas expansion....
Thanks for your comment and I wish you well.
me and my diving buddy gathered a bunch of our friends to do a DSD and introduce them all to our favorite thing to do in life. my buddy had a few guys from his school come aswell, one oh them was quite the joker.. anyway this joker decided it would be funny to go up to my buddy and press the inflator button on his BCD, my buddy with basically forced to perform a very rapid CESA.... we did not encourage him to sign up for open water after that.
One of our dive instructors grabbed the onto a whale shark when she was on a dive vacation. Her father is the dive shop owner and dive instructor certifier.
Doing my open water course me and my Dive Instructor was diving along a group of friends who had not dived in over a year. Needles to say, me and my Dive Instructor had our hands busy making sure they where safe as they constantly was all over the place doing their own stuff not paying attention to their Dive Buddy.
I remember the DM was scolding them quiet alot when we surfaced and 2 of them had used their BCD to acend to the surface from 20m.
Magnar Johan Winther you sound like a diving snob.
@@EvelcyclopS so... off to a good start?
Was on a live-aboard once, there was a novice couple that dove in knee pads, gloves, and full body suits, we called them the Coral Killers!
We did the navigation in pairs. One counting the kicks, then tapping the buddy's shoulder who was in charge of the heading when he reached 10. He started off with the compass, and I counted the kicks. North-10-tap, East-10-tap, South-10-tap, West-10-tap. We weren't too far off.
Then I took the compass, and my buddy was counting. North-10-...-20-...-30-...-40-... then our instructor tapped my shoulder and we were taken back. I was gonna take it to 50, and then turn around. Apparently my buddy hadn't understood the instructions, even after having gone through the other half of it before.
Like my moron buddy using a jellyfish for a hat to get attention on the beach, only to learn that it was one of the ones that you can safely touch on the OUTSIDE but ... I suppose we called him "Fire Helmet" for a good long while after that although he was not a ginger per se.
My OW buddy thought it was funny to act like a clump of lake sludge was a booger and put it up his nose. 🙄
The most idiotic thing I did was to put in my snorkel on the surface whilst waiting for the other divers to jump in the wavy ocean, taking a breath before ascending, then 3 metres down taking a big breath still with my snorkel in my mouth! Happened to me every single time!
I think you deserve the "Darwin Award" for that story!!
gonna go with silly rather than idiotic for this one. fairly busy dive boat in thailand diving with a shop we've been using for years so so DM's were friends as much as guides. we were the last group off the boat and we sat in the water while our DM put her fins on to join us we watched as she stepped to the back of the boat, put her reg in her mouth, was about to step off and put one hand on her weight belt, palm of the other on her reg and the promptly poked her self in both eyes. we could have stopped her, but we all laugh about it to this day
On a dive in South Florida there was a diver that had shrimp and watermelon soda for breakfast. Infortunately for the 25 or so students the sea state caused him to vomit the red frothy breakfast on the now rolling boat. Needless to say there were a bunch of unhappy dive students.
I am a scuba instructor for over 10 years now.
- I had one diver - he even went twice to dive Antarctica - he was sitting in 25m on the deck of a dive wreck and was wondering why his computer is beeping at him. He just was under 50bar of air....
- One student couldn't equalise and was about to cancel the dive. A sea lion came along and was watching the other OW students in a depth of 8-9m. I told the 'problem student' this, now he was OK and dropped down to the other students.
- I was a guide for a couple. He had problems with his equipment and we re-surfaced to get it fixed. She was comfortable to follow the other experianced divers. Wen I took him I tolld him we take a special tour though a wreck... We went into a dark area... over a carpet shark... I think he shit himself... but he came up smilling... he is much better diver now.
- I was a guide for Asian couples. One couple couldn't make it down to the 22m max diveside. It was a poor visibility.
The girl couldn't make it down, the man returned to the surface. I took the other couple from the divesite (a ship's wreck) towards the island. There we run into a leafy sea dragon.
- I took a former student - now Tec-diver - for a dive. He came with this nice side mount equipment. Very impressive. It was just an easy dive. 28m max. A lot of canyons... A navigation challenge. He got lost. "Best dive ever" he said.
My strength is to surprise divers. I can show divers dive sites in a different way. For you it can be an adrenaline kick. For me it will be a pleassure. I am a SSI specialty instructor located in Western Australia.
Sorry, we don't accept RUclips and Facebook Open Water/Specialty Diving certificates!
In my open water pool dives a gentleman who seemed to have alot of diving experience .. always boasting how good he was.. finaly it was his turn to do the skills and some how got his j-valve rod stuck in the drain guard at the bottom of the pool.. he started to panic and inflated his bcd.. the instructor just sighed before going and rescuing him ... he ended up not passing his open water...
When I was taking my AOW, one of my classmates had one of the worst oxygen consumption rate I've ever seen. After every dive, he would ask me how much air I had left (usually around 60-70bar) and then proceed to tell me that he only had around 20bar left.
Mind you he was a former Marine and had some scuba diving experiences whilst serving, so I really didn't why he had trouble managing his breath. His breathing situation got so bad to the point where our instructor would make him carry a second tank just so he wouldn't run out of air (he would still finish the dive with both tank at around 30-40 bar)
We only later found out that he was breathing in the same rate as if he was running...
Are "kilogos" metric or SAE?
Yes.
Metric but Spanish obviously 😄
Metric but Spanish obviously 😄
I really really wanna get into scuba diving and I’m hoping to take classes within the next few years so I’ll be sure to share with y’all the idiotic things I’m assuredly going to do
Why wait? Discover Scuba classes are like a hundred bucks.
Dan Bowkley I live in ct and the water is murky as shit here would rather go somewhere with clear water
@@leeroy2461 I'm not shure but depending on the discovery course they just might only just take you in the pool
Quick question. I only have 8 dives. When my first dive in order to have enough weight to sink down without air I needed 30 pounds with a 7mm wetsuit. Without the wetsuit I only need 8 pounds to sink. Is the weight that drastic?? Or am I doing something wrong? Thanks
Rschmidt Schmidt
Did you do a weight check?
@@alisonho3724 yes
@Rschmidt Schmidt 7mm is quite thick in my opinion but personally I mostly dive in quite comfortable tropical waters so I usually just use 3mm shorts and a rash guard or my 6mm shorty if going below 50 meters or "cool" days/currents.
One thing you can try and see if it helps you get down with less weight is to try and get wet so your wetsuit is soaked before you jump in.
A 7mm new suit that is dry can hold quite a bit of air and it can take a you a little while for that to leave it after you jump in and make you more buoyant on the surface.
With that said, once you get down a bit the problem should go away.
Maybe you can try to get into the water with the wetsuit open to properly flood it before getting on the dive boat or submerge it in the rinse bath before putting it on and see if you notice any difference when you start your dive.
Of course this is if your dive site is reasonably nearby ;-)
Was your first dive an open water certification dive? Because as instructors we purposely overweight students. As for your question ill give you an example using my own weights. When i wear a 7mm suit i have 9 kilos. When i wear a 2.5mm suit i have 4 kilos. No suit in tropical salt water i have no weights.
Another thing to keep note of. With a 7mm wetsuit. Your buoyancy itself will change drastically depending on your depth. So you need a lot more weight to initially get down (the first 2-4 metres) but then that same weight you needed at the start is going to make you start sinking quite fast as your 7mm wetsuit compresses and loses buoyancy. So keep in mind the buoyancy changes are different between thick and thin wetsuits. And the more you dive the more you will learn about what weights you need in what situations 🙂
Happy diving!
I typically use 14 pounds with my 3mm fullsuit and 24 with my 7-6-5mm hooded fullsuit. So 30 with a straight 7mm isn't unusual, I'd say. I'm 6'1" and wear a US size XL suit.
Having slightly too much weight isn't a good thing really, but it's a lot less bad than having too little. Too much weight and you waste some air managing your buoyancy, that does suck a little but not as much as having too little weight to stay down as your tank gets low causing a runaway ascent when you're already jammed full of nitrogen.
Hahaha I am actually eating while the sick bit come up.
I’ve lost my mask in my first jump of the boat and it was almost sucked the boat engine few min later I’ve started drinking the sweet sea water at 20ft depth but I’ve survived coughing through my regulator hehehehe and here I am going for my advance course !!
During my open water certification there were only 8 that qualified out of a group of 20. One of the blokes decided to have three mountain dews the morning (Morning??) of his cert dives. Again, only 8 of us certed, and I think you can guess why.
But another great vid! Thanks for all the great content (you guys probably get that a lot, right?)
@@CandyMan2001 Yeah, he made a mess of the rented reg too lol
omg, that happened to me too during the navigation test for the AOW. For whatever reason, I got disoriented while looking at the compass with poor visibility. There were 3 of us. I happened to see them and followed from behind, hopefully, to clear the test. Unfortunately, I guessed my instructor saw what was going on (despite the poor visibility) and told me to redo it again. Haha
I only need 4 keliogos
On my first open water certification, The biggest guy in the group managed to swim 4 inches away from me for 8 dives, till i asked to change group after he hit on the back of the head with his tank while spinning over me. It really sucked cuz he was a nice guy there with his son and friends. But it rly fked up my dives, this guy was like puppy next to me for no reason. we weren't dive buddies, in a group of 12 divers total.
DM with a handicapped scuba association training dive blind guy had a great dive until both of his dive buddies got distracted and let go of him leaving him kicking blind luckily he didn't panic and the instructor and I caught it almost immediately but way dumb...
Chinese buddy pair on a live aboard in Komodo... Both certified to AOW (apparently).
Neither of them could swim...
😅😅😅😅
I went through a commercial dive school in Seattle. A girl one class ahead of me farted in her dry suite and it come out of her right sleeve. After the dive she Started laughing about it.
🤣🤣🤣🤣
I got to fifteen feet (five meters) and had not yet equalized my ears. The pressure was high enough that it was difficult. Rather than assend, I just blew harder, POP! I ruptured my middle ear. Was that the most idiotic part of this saga? No! I was too dumb for that. I went diving the following evening with my barotrauma. I was able to equalize on my slow decent but realized that blood in my middle ear prevented pressure from escaping. By ascending very very slowly I painfully reached the surface and called the dive. Avoid barotrauma at all costs, but should it occur, you must completely heal before attempting to dive.
I recalled the time we needed to help a dive boat with a family on that was a drift as there was a fuel problem nd well we where told to look away everyone had got sick from the waiting.
Great vid as always!! Keep it up!
i know someone who on their open water course, the mask removal and replace they flooded the mask and sat there for seventeen minutes(plus minus), luckily it was only her and an instructor no one else was in the water
My friend (a freediver) said once and I quote “ I’ll just come down with my weight belt take your octo and swim with you underwater” I kid you not, so he’s going to come down holding his breath to 20m then without training going to somehow try to purge the regulator, the look on my face said it al to him
I honestly wouldn't worry about him being able to purge the regulator as that isn't anything crazy or complicated. What I would worry about though is him (beeing a freediver) then swimming to the surface while holding his breath which could very well be fatal.
Had a diver pull (yes pull) the tail of a reef shark. Needless to say this diver is band from the shop.
"Dolphins are just gay sharks 0-o" -My favourite idiot 2019
Very good advice 👍🏼
Story #1: Ridiculous! Absolutely RIDICULOUS!
Story #2: How is this even possible?
Question: Does anyone ever fail scuba courses?
While i was doing my open water pool dives there was one man who new more than the instructor and from what he said he dove alot .while we were doing mask removal and clear well he kinda turned on his back while doing this and he had an older tank with a reserve . Well his reserve rod got into the main drain of the pool. When he wanted to turn around well he panicked when he couldn't turn and pulled his safty vest and filled it up now he was stuck at the bottom of the pool.. our instructor and dive master had to retrieve this person . And he didnt get certified too many stunts like that happened . But it gave the rest of the class lots of laughs..
That's a J valve tank, it's what divers used before SPGs were safe/usual. They have been considered dangerous for a long time. Glad to hear he has to go through the course again, hopefully he pays attention the next time around.
I have the same red Camel Dive Club T shirt hanging up. I love that place, best dive center in Sharm el Sheikh. Red Sea for life!!!
One option missed on the four out of air divers. Sabotage.
Diving on the Barrier Reef, we were on a square nosed tender which had a wish bone anchor chain (two chains - one off each corner meet about 3 feet underwater. Eddie the idiot does a back roll off the bow of the tender and hooks himself up the anchor chain - bloody nearly drowned in the panic. He was flailing about - so I had to punch him in the face to get his attention so I could unhook him....
Idiots are everywhere unfortunately, not only in diving industry
I was at Ellerton Lake (North Yorkshire) doing my first Open Water session, anyway, I was on shore watch, and two young'uns near the jetty (Not in our party) were having a bit of a barney, I took no notice really, about 20 minutes later, they came back, and there was a bloke with them, lot older... Anyway, this bloke was going "Never again", "I'm fuming" and "I'm waiting here to calm down, we'll talk about this in the car"... Anyway, turns out, one of the kid's air in the tank tasted of paint, yep, paint, but he went under with it anyway. Then as it happened, sometime in the dive, this kid went missing, and like you suppose too, when a buddy goes AWOL, look for a minute, then surface to regroup, but, they didnt do that, the kid with the paint went to the top, then went back down, the fella and the other lad came up, looked, no sign, so headed back down thinking something was wrong (His air tasted of paint remember, so they were fretting he might of been unconscious under a rock), and for a while, they we're going up and down, passing each other on the vertical without realising... Finally, the kid who was with the fella swam towards the jetty and found his buddy floating about there... Hence the barney I heard prior!
I'll be honest, the three of them wanting shooting with [beep], for one, that kid should of never went into the water with a dodgy tasting tank, which is plainly obvious, and two, everyone should of surfaced and stayed there for a minute or two, then raised the alarm. I've been doing it for 5 minutes and know that what they did was a MASSIVE fail!!! :/
And if that wasnt enough, me and my instructor Darren were the last ones out of the lake, another member of our group was on shore watch, and as we were making our way out, he mentioned he think he heard a diver shouting, so we looked and there was this bloke just going around in a circle, so we were shouting, asking if he was okay doing the surface okay signal... Nowt. So Darren pulled on his fins and went in again to go see if he was alright... Turns out, he wasnt... He was disorientated, knackered and literally couldnt find his was back to the shore of the lake, so Darren pulled him back to the jetty, turns out he was diving on his own, and the worst part is, had no training, just basically bought some gear, strapped it to his back and lobbed himself into the lake! :/
The thing is, if our party never had a shore watch, that stupid fella would probably still be swimming in a circle now (At best), because there was literally noone left in the lake.
"might of been unconscious"
"should of never went"
"should of surfaced"
Nope, nope, nopedy-nope!
Dumbest one I ever saw... after a deep dive, a novice got dragged up to the surface. Got landed. Then tried to pull her cuffs off to vent air (drysuit). In atmo. Couldn't keep a straight face (all ended well, btw).
Got lots of stories. RN SABA divers didn’t have a contents gauge - we simply breathed off one tank (of a twin set) and equalised when it ran dry. There was plenty of air to surface, after the 2nd equalisation. The idiotic thing to do, was to forget to shut off the 2nd tank after equalising - so breathing from both tanks! Result - no reserve 😂. Can’t buddy breathe with a twin hose full mask either so this mistake was only made once!
I had never punched a delphine without a reason, only when he was starting to talk some trash about my wife...
Mark - I want a tee shirt like the one you are wearing in this video. Where can I get one?
It will be on our Teespring store soon!
DONE! teespring.com/shark-october-2019?tsmac=store&tsmic=simply-scuba&pid=387&cid=101810
@@simplyscuba Excellent! Thanks! - - - When you said "soon" I was thinking it might happen in a few days. You guys are fast.
Third dive in my life, a lot of people on the boat. Tank I was supposed to set a gear on - 50 bar :) I guess instructor did not like me so much :)
Maybe instructor’s shouldn’t just certify every person that walks through the door, that would probably solve the problem.
A guy giving non-divers try scuba in a deep quarry solo. Next time I see that, I'm cutting the hose and walking away! Well, not so crazy, but trying to do an advanced class compass course over a magnetite deposit just below the bottom. Everyone got lost! The compass card would dip so hard that the card wouldn't turn with the compass held level, and you swim off course.
When and where did you see this whale shark?
DM in training my instructor sent after me after I swam out of sight on my compass/10 kick/box pattern got a bit lost.
Oi, that dolphin had it coming. He was hitting on my girlfriend. ;-p
Oh for the love of God, people! I’ve watched too many videos of yours, guys! And you are hilarious 🤣! Ok, fine, gonna have to subscribe now 🤣. I give in. But in all seriousness, the videos are very good, informative and entertaining. Thank you 🤗. PS I am not a diver but thinking about it.
Do it. You'll discover your new favorite place to be
I don't know about anyone else but I cannot hear what the person off-camera is saying, so these videos are like watch Charlie Brown speaking with his teacher!
I, as indonesian open water diver, was ashame of how that indonesian ride a whale shark..😂😭so so sorry 😭
Yeah I think I'm gonna put on a nice RUclips video and eat my lunch. Great plan!
Ever wonder what a chicken Caesar salad looks like after being eaten and then barfed onto the dashboard of a frickin semi truck? Today I almost found out......
What's actually wrong about Whale Shark riding? ;-)
i'll give the "first" to some one else ( :
No.. own it
This guy from back of the camera is annoying, get him a second MIC!! Or shut him up:)
Utube? Video? Next time don't bother to speak. Just type.