Ok, this is pretty mindf*ck for me, to think that the shape of Europe was different even in the middle ages. The land where Stockholm is was under the sea when Rome was founded is astonishing
That would be the historical Stockholm (Stadsholmen, "Old town"). Most (all?) of inner city Stockholm would be submerged as well, but not everywhere within the current city limits. Old Uppsala became increasingly less attractive when the land rose, a reason to move the city to the current location. There used to be a natural water channel here through Södertälje from the Mälaren lake to the Baltic Sea. Then, as the land rose, ships were dragged over land at Södertälje. Then, as the land rose further, a canal was dug. But the land rose again, so a new canal was dug, the current one. Now the sea level rise from global warming will keep the land rise in check (and then some). There will be no need to dig a third canal.
@@jonnyaxelsson9940 Wow, that is fascinating. I hope that the sea levels will not rise as much in the end, otherwise we are all screwed in one way or an other.
@@BuizelCream well, not exactly, the main reason is that cartographers used less precise instrumentation than what would be available in later centuries. But coastlines really change a lot through the centuries, but more than sea level what changes the coastline the most is the action of rivers that bring sediments to the sea, like happened in Thermopilas for example, that during the Persian invasion of Greece had a width of few tens of meters and today is on the hundreds, it also happened that the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris didn't meet during the time that Ur was built, and Ur was a port city, today Ur is 200km away from the sea.
@@NovayaK it existed. The landmass was just underneath the ice sheet. The ice sheet was super heavy and it pushed the landmass down below sea level. When the ice sheet melted away, the land rose up. That’s why Finland has so many lakes.
@@darjuz96 there were humans in Doggerland. Sometimes fishing trawlers dredge up human artifacts and evidence. But other countries are now witnessing their lands vanishing under the sea as sea levels rise due to global warming. Some of the pacific islands will be the first to completely disappear, as well as Bangladesh.
@Adolf Ogi why? whats so bad about beng turkic or being a turk, and it is true what peter said, bangladesh is a pretty falt nation, meaning that, if sea level rises, it is likely that bangladesh will sink first as well as the island nations in the pacific
The lakes of Finland are also pretty much shaped in the direction of the withdrawing ice. Also, the land is still rising, especially on the west coast where you literally can see islets come up in one human life span.
It occurs to me: nowadays, 40% or so of humanity lives within 100 km of the coastline (half within 200 km). If this was still the case back then (emphasis on "if"), can one imagine just how much is now completely lost to time, because we can't reach them? Lost cultures, and with them, traditions, customs, and artifacts. EDIT: It occurs to me to clarify: no, I'm not arguing for some sort of Atlantis. I'm thinking prehistoric communities, not too dissimilar from their inland counterparts in overall technological level. Imagine the stories these had to tell.
Have you Heard of dogland? It's the region east of the British isles which floopded during the deglaciation. Turns out It's CHOKEFULL of prehistoric settlements 😅
@@alejandroojeda1572 No, I haven't. It helps that "Dogland" doesn't exist. You're thinking of *Doggerland.* ;-) That there are settlements though is a given. The real question is: what manner of cultures lived there? How did they differ from what we know about.
@@volkhen0 ideally being near an estuary... fresh water supplies and (at the time) extremely bountiful and varied source of easy nutrition... every tide you scour the rock pools for what the ocean delivers..
One thing I would love to see is the climate change and deglaciation effects on the Sundaland (where modern day Malaysia, Indonesia are). During the ice age, the Sundaland is where you wanna be; quite warm and stable climate with plenty of food. And there used to be so much land: ancient humans used to be able to walk from present day Thailand to all of modern day Indonesia. Of course, all that changed during the interglacial period. In many places, it is estimated that they lost 1 km of coastline per year as the lowlands were reclaimed by the ocean. The Strait of Malacca, based on geological data, was thought to have a huge river flowing down north, for one example.
@@Kaldisti I look forward to it! The area has a very underrated geological and geographical history, yet there is evidence that human beings have settled there 70,000 years ago. It is also the region where we got modern day coconuts, bananas, and chickens. I hope you could get enough data to make a simulation for it.
@@TheOz91 I have the data for elevation and sea level, but I have still to create the paleohydrological network on the Sunda continental shelf. I think after my actual video incoming, this would be the next project
Imagine having a new ice age, and as the city expands, you find concrete below the ground. Turns out there is a long railway tunnel in the middle of nowhere for no appearant reason. You find a plack calling it "Chunnel", whatever that means 🤣
Ok something I thought of: The rise of Fennoscandia when the glaciers melted away and the beginning of the world described in norse mythology are so ereily similar, I wouldn't be surpirsed if the stories told long before the norse arrived, described the melting of the fennoscandian glaciers, that part of the story later becoming the origin point for norse mythology. In norse mythology the world began as a dark, icey, cold world with no life all across. In the real world Fennoscandia (the region that'll eventually home the Finns and Scandinavians) were once fully covered under an ice sheet. Proves that flood myths aren't coincidental in every culture, but something humanity experienced before civilisations rose that are remembered to this day in ancient stories.
In early Holocene, the Black and Caspian sea were connected via nowadays lower Don-Volga stream. The shoreline of the Aral sea also vary a lot and at one point it was connected to Caspian sea, which was possibly even up to doubled in size. In possibly relatively short time of early Holocene those 3 megacontinental lakes formed 1 single enormous body of water. Glacier meltdown from surrounding mountain ranges and former continental ice sheets made huge impact to them. In later periods those waters evaporated and extended lakes surface shrank. When they are making an early Holocene maps they constantly forgot about that or probably dont even know. At least there was the attention on eastern Black sea shoreline.
I made a video about this ruclips.net/video/fmwDlwfBKAU/видео.html Caspian sea level was to low to outflow to Azov sea in Early Holocene. These megalake episods occurred much earlier in the ace Age (90,000 years ago and 45,000years ago)
@@everettduncan7543 I live in Russia and I know for sure that the water in the Caspian and Aral seas is salty. So yes, there is only one reason for this
I doubt it wouldve survived the massive storms there for all this time even without sea level rise, but i wonder how it wouldve impacted history. Thats a prime target point for any kingdom around to control, e.g. Vikings or the English or who knows who.
Exactly my thought! Even today the area is very shallow, idk if there are at least oil platforms there now. but imagine all the archeological stuff being submerged there.. its so fascinating.
@@isimbulamadmqwe9972 the rate of sea level rise would've been imperceptible within a human lifetime. I don't think their lives would've been any different than -say- someone that lived on the mainland
Haha yes whole scandinavia is so big, after landing in malmo I decided to take a bus to oslo, I realised I equivalently traveled the distance of whole germany almost, on the map in my head i was like oh its just from here to there haha
Hi, actually my computer is not enough powerful to make the entire world (unless I jeopardize significantly map resolution). However this is a great idea, I could try after what is actually planned :)
@@lemaro1977 why not ? Changes between high and low sea level in South America are not as impressive as we can see in Europe, but there some interesting features, especially in Argentina. instead of making sea-level rise only video focused on S. America, I can make one with also climate change in it
And still are emerging. Scandinavian is going up. Netherlands and surroundings are going down.. If ice cap forms again Scandinavia will go down again and Netherlands will come up again
@@ariearie3543 i could imagine if the population of Scandinavia notice their land going away when an another ice cap forms,and vice versa for the Netherlands and South England
@@nuukii1 well it will be land gains to start with when water gets tied up in mountain glaciers, at least at the coast. Not so much whenthe ice sheet expands and its all covered by ice though
Would be interesting to see a North American version of this, with the formation of the great lakes and the dissappearence of lake bonneville and such.
It's increadible how late the British isles became...well isles. There were cities lying around when they broke away from the continent. Imagine world history if they were still conected.
Does the Loire river had already it's running course from the Mont Gerbier de Jonc to St Nazaire estuary ? Do we have date on how river evolved through time ? Also where I can find this map in a more larger format ? i.ytimg.com/vi/Jzm9tald1zA/sddefault.jpg
That sounds like a pretty complex subject by starting in Massis Central. We know Massis Central had ice caps during glacial periods and associated discharge glaciers. Glaciers alone can block or re-direct rivers. We know area of the Massis have been volcanically active throughout the glacial periods. Volcanism under a glacier or ice cap can lead to catastrophic flooding which can carve new ways for rivers to take. If that area had an basalt floods that would be a factor as well. Gerbier is also on the complete far side of the Massis from the Loire basin and Nazaire. Certainly water flowed where the Loire is now, but the sources coming from Massis Central would likely have been from glacier melt on the north and north-west of the Massis and not from the Gerbier area during glacial periods. Topographic maps indicate the main valleys of the Loire could have been flood carved. There are some very wide and straight sections with the Loire tucked down in them.
@@yodieyuh That was very informative I wish we add more information on that subject. Thx. Just a little mistake you've made we call Massif Central with an F at the end of Massif it's just for your information ^^
Gwillerm, wonderful work. It left me with more questions though. 1. Are there any inconsistencies in the data sets? It would be great to point these out. 2. Pulse 1B seems to smoothly rise to a maximum of ~44mm/year and smoothly recede over several centuries. Wouldn't the pulses have been more erratic and occurred more violently and rapidly given, for example, the manner of the Missuoula ice dam collapses? 3. Also is this data consistent with Meltwater Pulse 1A? 4. The Greenland meteor impact is likely to have melted some water; is it not causally related to Pulse 1B? Why didn't the subsequent ~1000 year cooling reverse the sea level rise? 4. The timing of the entire sequence appears to imply that the sea level changes precedes the climatic events that should have causally changed the sea levels. Examples: massive sea level rise during Younger Dryas, or sea levels starting to recede in 1830 bp just as the world is entering the mideval warm period and well preceding the little ice age by about a thousand years. The whole data set would make more sense to me if it was right-shifted by about a 1000 years; what am I missing here?
Lake Agassiz pulses occurred a number of times over 3-4K years. The largest, they think started the Younger Dryas, but only raised sea level by 3 meters in two years. Even large pulses would only raise sea levels by a few meters over 2-3 years. It was a cluster of pulses 15-12K years ago that represented the overall rise of 40+ meters.
Really cool and original idea :D it really helped me and my friend with a pre-historic RPG we were doing. Also, really awesome the rebound thing on Scandinavia xD I can only imagine the snowy wasteland it would have been back then. This really should get more views soon!
Hey, thank for your feedback, I'm glad to see my works might be useful for everything, including RPG (rolling dices forever :p) Note that the map only displays lands elevation, the ice cap which covered Europe is not included (a future updated video I hope), so Scandinavia and UK was hidden at that time (see the video thumbnail to see how it really was). If you need a hires map, please follow this link -> ibb.co/pwGbY3C Regards !
Thank you very much! It was so exciting to see Europe changing its shape so much in such short (in comparison with the age of Earth) period of time. As a person from Saint-Petersburg, I was amused by the fact that the location of this city was under the sea level while Argos had already existed for centuries.
Black Sea becomes black that is dead, salted. While Baltic Sea becomes white sea, human friendly. Obviously once can expect a migration being caused by this. It would be great to see the extend of plants spread to north which indicates spread of animals and consequently humans. Then you have the Caspian Sea shrinking since 2700y ago, first creating large green plains and 1000 years ago shrinking back and recovered by water.
Artificial polders are not taken in account in this video, only land elevation. Netherlands is downlifting because of post-glacial isostatic adjustment (beneath the former ice sheet : post glacial uplift; around the ice-sheet : post-glacial downlift)
What surprised me most at the end was how recently the Netherlands was all dry land. Only in the last 800 years or so did the sea flood the country. Even 500 years ago much of it was dry land. The famous Dutch Dykes would not have been needed just a few hundred years ago because sea level was slightly lower. Shows,too,how shallow the sea around the Netherlands is still.
The Adriatic plane is where my ancestors lived. It was a refugium with temperate climate, tucked in there between mountains with the small Adriatic sea bringing warmt from the south.
I love how I know that this is a continuous process and we're just at a random snapshot, and yet it really feels like "Oh yeah, all this has led up to things moving in the direction of how they're "supposed to be", which is how it is right now" Honestly, my obsession with maps, from playing strategy games and looking at historical and political and economic and such maps, is kind of dumb. But the (current) land-sea map is just super "iconic" to me at this point, after years of constantly looking at it
"Boredom"!! You mean that has had Human presence/inhabited trough out ALL ages! Even when times dictated that some other lands, that are countries nowadays, didn't even exist! Either because of water levels or the fact that were under a thick ice sheet. Or in other words totally unsuitable for Humans. Lisbon, known in ancient times as Ulissipo (Olissipo)). Is older than Rome itself by more than half a millennium! Ever wonder why Greeks, Romans or Phoenicians call that?! Ulissipo means "the city of Ulysses"! The Roman name for Odysseus, the hero from Homer's Iliad and Odyssey! Yes, the famous hero that returned to is homeland among epic adventures, after the Trojan war! Or being the home for the "mysterious" sea people! That come up time and time again on ancient myths & legends! Want more legends? What about Atlantis! The mystery land beyond the "Pillars of Hercules" (Gibraltar)! All of it on a land that still has megaliths older than Stonehenge! Or three surprisingly ancient different types of writing were found! On a nation that is not just one of the oldest in Europe! But has been the core foundation for Humans in Europe. From Neanderthals to Solutreans'. Or like, DNA confirmed, initial Human presence of what we call now the British isles, Ireland, etc. was originated from Iberia coastal areas! Specially up North in what is now Galicia, Spain. With important finds for the Human record like the "Lapedo child"! One of so, so, many facts rarely mentioned... Please don't do like the "History channel" that can make a 1 hour documentary about the "Templars". Film it in Portugal in the Templar headquarters and all. With Portuguese actors, Lusitano horses and the rest. BUT "forget" to mention, not even once!! That Portugal was birth as the "Templar nation", by excellence! Did you notice, I didn't mention the "age of discoveries" once?! Something that by far and wide Portugal started well ahead of other nation's, in some cases by centuries'. Curiosity: Portuguese fusilier's (marines) celebrated, just a few years ago, the 700 (seven hundred) years of the institution! Let that sink in for a moment. Boredom, I don't think so... ;-)
I think what happened through the Volga River also happened in the Columbia River through Washington State to the Pacific Ocean. Did both events happen at the same time?
The Caspian was periodically divided into two parts. Not so long ago there was even a land connection from present-day Baku to the opposite shore. So make adjustments.
@@Kaldisti Data on the existence of this passage are taken from historical documents. Now I will not remember the links, but there was even data from satellites, which also did not exclude this.
Excellent however Newgrange is a Stone Age (Neolithic) monument in the Boyne Valley, County Meath, it is the jewel in the crown of Ireland's Ancient East. Newgrange was constructed about 5,200 years ago (3,200 B.C.) which makes it older than Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids of Giza.Also new evidence surgests Stonehenge was relocated to current location from Wales.
Tuatha de Danann came from Doggerbank, and Manannan mac Lir came from the Irish Sea. The Egyptian tale of Atlantis is about the Rockall Plateau, which also just happens to be Asgard, connected to Europe during winter due to packice (Bifrost). Odin is Thoth, and was the one to teach literacy to the indo-europeans, whom then preserved the slightly lost-in-translation tale of the realm of the gods. Europe has had a circular migration pattern for the past 10k years where a constant battle between sailors, farmers and nomads have mixed the myths and histories of the ancient past into a vague tale of giants vs sons of giants. The Vanir are the Sailor gods (Poseidon/Osiris/Loki) and the Aesir are the steppe-gods (Zeus/Thoth/Odin), but both of them share the same origin and have intermixed since the ice-age, - which is why there's such a confusion about their differences and alliances.
Viewers take into account there are a few catches. Sedimentation doesn't show up. For example we know the area now occupied by Doñana in Spain was a bay during the bronze age. Sedimentation from the Guadalquivir river eventually filled up the bay. It had very significant effects. For example, Seville port, which was one of europe's most important, was eventually abandoned because sedimentation made the Guadalquivir not navegable around the 18th century.
I’ve been wondering what the living conditions were like south of the ice sheet. During the next ice advance how far south will humankind have to retreat to find year round habitation? I’m thinking the winter storms south of the ice sheets would be terrible. Have not found any discussion of this.
I made a video with climate conditions during the last Ice Age : ruclips.net/video/KR1hxR3w8cs/видео.html In fact, the last Ice Age was not a full harsh freezing period, but a complex unstable period with warmer conditions close to modern climate and of course horribly cold periods. Anyway, in the best case, all climate zones shifted southward by roughly 1,000 km (for example english climate in France). In the worst case, european climate was similar to modern Siberia
@@Kaldisti I knew some day I would find you. I’ve been looking for this kind of presentation for a long time. I’m in total awe of this work and the amount of time it must have required. Finally a presentation of climate change based on science and not hyperbole. I put a link on my FB. Thank you very much! Now watching your other videos.
@@everettduncan7543 During the Heinrich Stadial it would be similar to the northern Siberian tundra with cold summers (not warm enough to support tree growth) and very cold winters. This was the coldest period and occurred about 17000 years ago.
Kudos for actually showing almost all of Europe (I know showing all the islands in the north would be a pain to properly include them) instead of cutting off the eastern 3rd and calling it "Europe" like most far westerners seem to have this misconceptions that Europe ends at Russian border, don't realise that Kazachstan is (partially) in Europe, or that Poland is geographically central on the western side of Central Europe (the actual centre is around Polish-Lithuanian border), and so on...
There is still 150 - 250 meters to rebound in Ostrobotnia coastal area in Finland. Even if all the continental ice sheets melted, the sea level would rise only 65 meters. It is a matter of timing, but in the end the Northern Finland will survive the climate change relatively unharmed. I am not so sure if it will survive the mining industry.
Could be totally different to the existing geological narrative The world wide cataclysmic flood lasted for a total of 371 days. It was not just 40 days and 40 nights as many naively believe and parrot. At the end of that time there were 74 days in which the waters were rapidly receding to once again expose more and more dry land. Which would have been in itself catastrophic and resulted in huge deformations, slides, large deposits and other such events associated with vast amounts of water moving rapidly. That rapid recession of all that water saw huge canyons and valleys being carved as fast or faster than we see in modern representations such as "Mount Saint Helens" and other such events we've witnessed in recent history, disproving many of the millions or billions of years time tables. There would also have been vast amounts of vulcanism as a result of the rapid movement of the tectonic plates as they spread out from a single massive land mass, "super continent", as is proposed by many even in the secular world. There's the new sea floor being created during that time as the tectonic plates shifted and moved. Then there's all the other cataclysmic events contained in that world wide flood, due to the "Ring of Fire" and "Super Volcanos" being active as a result of tectonic shifts also resulting in new islands being formed. All of this would have naturally resulted in an lce Age as the conditions of warm oceans with cool summers and mild winters would have been perfect for the precipitation needed for such an event. The amount of particels in the atmosphere from all that vulcanism would also help explain and have been a large contributing factor to the normalization of temperatures during that time. As the oceans cooled, (study cooling associated with evaporation), the winters became colder and summers hotter, (due to less particulate in the atmosphere and reflection of sunlight), resulting in less precipitation and so the Ice Age came to an end.
there are quite a few mistakes 1 the black sea was much smaller because the water level was very low, it was only when the sea had risen so much that it could run through the Bosphorus 7,500 years ago and it is not that deep, 2 The Baltic Sea ran out to the south of Denmark and up through the Great Belt and Kattegat, not over Sweden, 3 the English channel did not exist then, the 120 m high white cliffs at Dover are part of a gigantic coral reef that stretched across the channel to France, up through Germany and Denmark, tectonically parts have risen and others have sunk, all the rivers from Belgium and north then ran north and north of Scotland into the Atlantic, that channel was only created when the ice built up again over i.a. scanvia saw a glacier slide from norway over the north sea, over scotland and dug out loch nes, it created a huge fresh water lake where the north sea is today, it rose until it could run over where the english channel is now and dug down through the limestone to the canal we see now, there are still waterfalls from that time at the bottom of the canal, the water did not enter through the canal from the south, but ran that way out during the melting of the ice it took the sea 7000 years to rise 120 m from the end of the Younger Dryas which ended 10,800 years ago
1) the rapid sea-level rise of the Black Sea at 7,500 BC is a theory debunked for a while. The Bosphorus Strait was 160m deep before Holocene sediments partially filled it and Marmara strait, 96m. It means Mediterranean water started to flow toward Black Sea circa 14,500 years ago and filled progressively the basin. See the references in my Black Sea video 2) You refer here to an ice-dammed lake (Ancylus lake) which is not displayed here. 3) The situation you describe is anachronical, the Dover strait land bridge broke up 400k years ago. Since, North European rivers flow through the Channel when the ice bridge between British Isles and Scandinavia was formed.
This need a remake but now with Last Interglacial. It will be great show it with transparent ice-sheet, so we could se the crust being downlifted and uplifted with the ice.
Isostatic rebound will not be enough to connect Finland and Sweden through Aland in the future, since in that area the land has mostly returned to its normal state, we might see a landbridge from mainland Finland to Aland but not all the way to Sweden. There will however be a landbridge forming in the Kvarken a little further north between Finland and Sweden in around 2500 years.
Hello, I love this video and I was wondering if I could use it to map archeological cultures of europe. I will, of course, credit you and make sure that your video is easily accessible from my video (through links in the comments and description). Thank you so much! --Hui Hui
Could you make a similar video about the projected future sea level rise? For this same geographical area (Europe), and maybe separately also for area around the Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Bengal, and for South / East China Sea?
CRAAAAZY to see how much land we've seen appear and disappear in human history. the first humans making their little rock scribbles in caves would've seen doggerland and think nothing of it, having no clue it would cease to exist in the next couple thousand years.
Doggerland: Watch me disappear into the sea completely
Finland: Watch me rise from the sea like a badass
:(|)
-_- .-.
Gotland be like I’m have risen and fallen
Like a quarter of the scandinavian mountains: I'M COMINGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Caspian Sea: I got my top cut off but thats okay!
Ok, this is pretty mindf*ck for me, to think that the shape of Europe was different even in the middle ages. The land where Stockholm is was under the sea when Rome was founded is astonishing
I wonder if this was the reason why ancient European maps were drawn weird back in the day compared to now 🤔
When the first city was established britian wasnt a island and finland was a just a bunch of islands
That would be the historical Stockholm (Stadsholmen, "Old town"). Most (all?) of inner city Stockholm would be submerged as well, but not everywhere within the current city limits. Old Uppsala became increasingly less attractive when the land rose, a reason to move the city to the current location. There used to be a natural water channel here through Södertälje from the Mälaren lake to the Baltic Sea. Then, as the land rose, ships were dragged over land at Södertälje. Then, as the land rose further, a canal was dug. But the land rose again, so a new canal was dug, the current one.
Now the sea level rise from global warming will keep the land rise in check (and then some). There will be no need to dig a third canal.
@@jonnyaxelsson9940 Wow, that is fascinating. I hope that the sea levels will not rise as much in the end, otherwise we are all screwed in one way or an other.
@@BuizelCream well, not exactly, the main reason is that cartographers used less precise instrumentation than what would be available in later centuries.
But coastlines really change a lot through the centuries, but more than sea level what changes the coastline the most is the action of rivers that bring sediments to the sea, like happened in Thermopilas for example, that during the Persian invasion of Greece had a width of few tens of meters and today is on the hundreds, it also happened that the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris didn't meet during the time that Ur was built, and Ur was a port city, today Ur is 200km away from the sea.
So, Finland didn't exist in the ice ages. Good to know.
Finland didn't even exist 105 years ago duud
Edit: it's a joke... 🤦🏽♂️
@@NovayaK it existed. The landmass was just underneath the ice sheet. The ice sheet was super heavy and it pushed the landmass down below sea level. When the ice sheet melted away, the land rose up. That’s why Finland has so many lakes.
So do you mean in the ice ages scandinavia was sterilized but then the balls were implanted again?
@@AureliaAH is that why Finland is pretty flat?
And Sweden
RIP Doggerland
Immagine if there are humans who lived her and generation by generation, initially un-noticed their land being gone
@@darjuz96 there were humans in Doggerland. Sometimes fishing trawlers dredge up human artifacts and evidence. But other countries are now witnessing their lands vanishing under the sea as sea levels rise due to global warming. Some of the pacific islands will be the first to completely disappear, as well as Bangladesh.
@Adolf Ogi why? whats so bad about beng turkic or being a turk, and it is true what peter said, bangladesh is a pretty falt nation, meaning that, if sea level rises, it is likely that bangladesh will sink first as well as the island nations in the pacific
Dogeland*
@@peterweeks2066 Yea but what's going on now was a bunch faster than what happened to Doggerland
Oh, so that is why Finland has so many lakes, and rises up from the sea. Good to know, thank you!
@Adolf Ogi why?
The lakes of Finland are also pretty much shaped in the direction of the withdrawing ice. Also, the land is still rising, especially on the west coast where you literally can see islets come up in one human life span.
@@havuoksa the Netherlands is still going down though.
@@havuoksa yeah, you can see the same thing on the Canadian sheild. its pretty cool
@Adolf Ogi You too?
It is fascinating to see that the Caspian Sea changed pretty recently
What you see at the very end of the vid isnt from natural causes. It happened because of all the dams build on the rivers which feed the sea.
Criminally underrated work, excellent music choice too.
It occurs to me: nowadays, 40% or so of humanity lives within 100 km of the coastline (half within 200 km).
If this was still the case back then (emphasis on "if"), can one imagine just how much is now completely lost to time, because we can't reach them? Lost cultures, and with them, traditions, customs, and artifacts.
EDIT: It occurs to me to clarify: no, I'm not arguing for some sort of Atlantis. I'm thinking prehistoric communities, not too dissimilar from their inland counterparts in overall technological level. Imagine the stories these had to tell.
There is no if, people always lived closed to sea or ocean as fishing is one of the easiest way to catch food.
Have you Heard of dogland? It's the region east of the British isles which floopded during the deglaciation. Turns out It's CHOKEFULL of prehistoric settlements 😅
@@alejandroojeda1572
No, I haven't. It helps that "Dogland" doesn't exist. You're thinking of *Doggerland.* ;-)
That there are settlements though is a given. The real question is: what manner of cultures lived there? How did they differ from what we know about.
@Bryan Villafuerte sure, but theyre referring to the remains of thousands of generations of humans that are under the water's surface
@@volkhen0 ideally being near an estuary... fresh water supplies and (at the time) extremely bountiful and varied source of easy nutrition... every tide you scour the rock pools for what the ocean delivers..
This video underrated dude
One thing I would love to see is the climate change and deglaciation effects on the Sundaland (where modern day Malaysia, Indonesia are). During the ice age, the Sundaland is where you wanna be; quite warm and stable climate with plenty of food. And there used to be so much land: ancient humans used to be able to walk from present day Thailand to all of modern day Indonesia.
Of course, all that changed during the interglacial period. In many places, it is estimated that they lost 1 km of coastline per year as the lowlands were reclaimed by the ocean. The Strait of Malacca, based on geological data, was thought to have a huge river flowing down north, for one example.
I planned to talk about Sundaland, this is indeed interesting :)
@@Kaldisti I look forward to it! The area has a very underrated geological and geographical history, yet there is evidence that human beings have settled there 70,000 years ago. It is also the region where we got modern day coconuts, bananas, and chickens.
I hope you could get enough data to make a simulation for it.
@@TheOz91 I have the data for elevation and sea level, but I have still to create the paleohydrological network on the Sunda continental shelf. I think after my actual video incoming, this would be the next project
@@Kaldisti It would be very interesting to see that. Keep up the good work!
Wow, 1km/year? Thats insane.
Can you imagine there was a "beach" where the bottom of the ocean is now?
It's still there... have you never seen Spongebob?
@@chopsy9026 Got me there. #revenge4doggerland2021
Imagine having a new ice age, and as the city expands, you find concrete below the ground. Turns out there is a long railway tunnel in the middle of nowhere for no appearant reason. You find a plack calling it "Chunnel", whatever that means 🤣
@@andrasbalogh4291 Pre-historic choo-choo
@@andrasbalogh4291 ITS THE ALIENS
History Channel
crazy to see how different the map was even in the middle ages, let alone how far down fennoscandia was during the bronze age. Crazy.
And to imagine Stockholm's location wasn't above water when the ancient greeks were around... less than 2 thousand years as proper land
Ok something I thought of: The rise of Fennoscandia when the glaciers melted away and the beginning of the world described in norse mythology are so ereily similar, I wouldn't be surpirsed if the stories told long before the norse arrived, described the melting of the fennoscandian glaciers, that part of the story later becoming the origin point for norse mythology.
In norse mythology the world began as a dark, icey, cold world with no life all across. In the real world Fennoscandia (the region that'll eventually home the Finns and Scandinavians) were once fully covered under an ice sheet. Proves that flood myths aren't coincidental in every culture, but something humanity experienced before civilisations rose that are remembered to this day in ancient stories.
We would've been alive then so yeah maybe
In early Holocene, the Black and Caspian sea were connected via nowadays lower Don-Volga stream. The shoreline of the Aral sea also vary a lot and at one point it was connected to Caspian sea, which was possibly even up to doubled in size. In possibly relatively short time of early Holocene those 3 megacontinental lakes formed 1 single enormous body of water. Glacier meltdown from surrounding mountain ranges and former continental ice sheets made huge impact to them. In later periods those waters evaporated and extended lakes surface shrank.
When they are making an early Holocene maps they constantly forgot about that or probably dont even know. At least there was the attention on eastern Black sea shoreline.
I made a video about this
ruclips.net/video/fmwDlwfBKAU/видео.html
Caspian sea level was to low to outflow to Azov sea in Early Holocene. These megalake episods occurred much earlier in the ace Age (90,000 years ago and 45,000years ago)
@@Kaldisti is it known if the early pleistocene Caspian connected to the black sea?
The manich
@@everettduncan7543 I live in Russia and I know for sure that the water in the Caspian and Aral seas is salty. So yes, there is only one reason for this
Ice glacier: *melts*
Doggerland: Adios
Finland and Sweden: Bonjour
It's kinda amazaing that a tiny island slice of Doggerland still existed at the time of the pyramids 8:27
I wonder if it was settled or not
I doubt it wouldve survived the massive storms there for all this time even without sea level rise, but i wonder how it wouldve impacted history. Thats a prime target point for any kingdom around to control, e.g. Vikings or the English or who knows who.
@@californiadreamin6599 They probably starved to death as island becomes smaller. Sad :(
Exactly my thought! Even today the area is very shallow, idk if there are at least oil platforms there now. but imagine all the archeological stuff being submerged there.. its so fascinating.
@@isimbulamadmqwe9972 the rate of sea level rise would've been imperceptible within a human lifetime. I don't think their lives would've been any different than -say- someone that lived on the mainland
I want to see one from South America, I am very interested in the formation of the lakes in the Andes and the fjords of Argentuna and Chile
8:17 Sea of Azov only started forming 5000 years ago
And now it's 14 m deep at its max in the present.
It’s kinda weird that it was a bog while Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids had been built
yeah
Homer didn't know about the Sea of Azov, he supposed there were still Meotian Marshes there.
somewhere around like 3020-40s BCE
Excellent presentation. I really liked the sidebar listing important human mileposts while watching the coastline change.
Who would have know that my little Baltic sea was once almost the size of the whole Europe.
You should give a look at Ancylus Lake ;)
Haha yes whole scandinavia is so big, after landing in malmo I decided to take a bus to oslo, I realised I equivalently traveled the distance of whole germany almost, on the map in my head i was like oh its just from here to there haha
crazy to think in 1000-2000 years Finland and Sweden will have landbridge between them cutting the Gulf of Bothnia into a lake.
I remember being told in school in Finland that it will happen in something like 600 years.
All comments I see: so Finland doesn't exist at Ice Age
Me : where Sweden go
8:37 Top 10 saddest anime deaths (RIP DOGGERLAND)
Imagine all the human beings trapped there, whilst it is slowly submerging.
Atpantis
It would make sense if Doggerland is the true Atlantis
Your taste in music is impeccable. All your videos have the best soundtrack EVER!👍👍
very interesting video! and the music and examples of human creations from each epoch gives it a unique atmosphere...well done!
serb?
@@michaljanovsky8966 no, West slav
please, make one of the entire world!
Hi, actually my computer is not enough powerful to make the entire world (unless I jeopardize significantly map resolution). However this is a great idea, I could try after what is actually planned :)
@@Kaldisti which program did you use?
@@lemaro1977 Rstudio (all is coded with my own script), with Raster package
@@Kaldisti or, i´d love to see one of south america, if you are thinking in make another one.
@@lemaro1977 why not ? Changes between high and low sea level in South America are not as impressive as we can see in Europe, but there some interesting features, especially in Argentina.
instead of making sea-level rise only video focused on S. America, I can make one with also climate change in it
Amazing how Finland and parts of Sweden emerge pixel by pixel.
And still are emerging. Scandinavian is going up. Netherlands and surroundings are going down.. If ice cap forms again Scandinavia will go down again and Netherlands will come up again
@@ariearie3543 i could imagine if the population of Scandinavia notice their land going away when an another ice cap forms,and vice versa for the Netherlands and South England
@@nuukii1 well it will be land gains to start with when water gets tied up in mountain glaciers, at least at the coast. Not so much whenthe ice sheet expands and its all covered by ice though
Love the first music and the next very apt to prehistoric humans living during that time. The wind sounds takes the cake too I love that sound.
The first city arose when Britain wasn’t even an island yet and Finland barely even existed. That is mind-blowing!
I love the choice in music
-Sea level rises
- also Scandinavia :"Rise my glorious creation, rise!"
- *Meltwater pulse 1b happens*
- Göbekli tepe: "Grain is dope, bro."
- Doggerbank disappears
- Stonehenge and pyramids: "Hello there, motherfuckers."
Probably just coincidences
3:05
Caspian Sea: *time to speedrun this lowland*
*Caspian Lake
@@ortherner stupid
@@bogdanostaficiuc6385 It’s a lake though
@@ortherner ITS NOT A LAKE. CASPIAN SEA IS A SEA BECAUSE ITS LARGER THAN A LAKE
@@The_FireExtremeProd Uh no, it’s incased by all sides by land, making it a lake.
Would be interesting to see a North American version of this, with the formation of the great lakes and the dissappearence of lake bonneville and such.
It’s amazing that when the Romans’ where around the Caspian Sea was still growing 🤯
People would say something similar about you in thousands of years.
People would say when your country existed caspian sea was shrinking
Romans were not of some special interest, Ancient Greeks were the core.
I love the music during the Meltwater Pulse
It's increadible how late the British isles became...well isles. There were cities lying around when they broke away from the continent.
Imagine world history if they were still conected.
And the last vestiges of 'Doggerland' in the North Sea were still there when the pyramids were built.
the original brexit
Any other place in europe: No! Water is rasing!
Sweden and Finland: Ej guys
It's unbelievable how young the geography of Europe is. At the beginning of agriculture Finland and Sweden are not fully formed 😮
Does the Loire river had already it's running course from the Mont Gerbier de Jonc to St Nazaire estuary ? Do we have date on how river evolved through time ?
Also where I can find this map in a more larger format ?
i.ytimg.com/vi/Jzm9tald1zA/sddefault.jpg
That sounds like a pretty complex subject by starting in Massis Central.
We know Massis Central had ice caps during glacial periods and associated discharge glaciers. Glaciers alone can block or re-direct rivers.
We know area of the Massis have been volcanically active throughout the glacial periods. Volcanism under a glacier or ice cap can lead to catastrophic flooding which can carve new ways for rivers to take. If that area had an basalt floods that would be a factor as well.
Gerbier is also on the complete far side of the Massis from the Loire basin and Nazaire.
Certainly water flowed where the Loire is now, but the sources coming from Massis Central would likely have been from glacier melt on the north and north-west of the Massis and not from the Gerbier area during glacial periods.
Topographic maps indicate the main valleys of the Loire could have been flood carved. There are some very wide and straight sections with the Loire tucked down in them.
@@yodieyuh That was very informative I wish we add more information on that subject. Thx.
Just a little mistake you've made we call Massif Central with an F at the end of Massif it's just for your information ^^
Gwillerm, wonderful work. It left me with more questions though. 1. Are there any inconsistencies in the data sets? It would be great to point these out. 2. Pulse 1B seems to smoothly rise to a maximum of ~44mm/year and smoothly recede over several centuries. Wouldn't the pulses have been more erratic and occurred more violently and rapidly given, for example, the manner of the Missuoula ice dam collapses? 3. Also is this data consistent with Meltwater Pulse 1A? 4. The Greenland meteor impact is likely to have melted some water; is it not causally related to Pulse 1B? Why didn't the subsequent ~1000 year cooling reverse the sea level rise? 4. The timing of the entire sequence appears to imply that the sea level changes precedes the climatic events that should have causally changed the sea levels. Examples: massive sea level rise during Younger Dryas, or sea levels starting to recede in 1830 bp just as the world is entering the mideval warm period and well preceding the little ice age by about a thousand years. The whole data set would make more sense to me if it was right-shifted by about a 1000 years; what am I missing here?
Lake Agassiz pulses occurred a number of times over 3-4K years. The largest, they think started the Younger Dryas, but only raised sea level by 3 meters in two years. Even large pulses would only raise sea levels by a few meters over 2-3 years. It was a cluster of pulses 15-12K years ago that represented the overall rise of 40+ meters.
Really cool and original idea :D it really helped me and my friend with a pre-historic RPG we were doing. Also, really awesome the rebound thing on Scandinavia xD I can only imagine the snowy wasteland it would have been back then. This really should get more views soon!
Hey, thank for your feedback, I'm glad to see my works might be useful for everything, including RPG (rolling dices forever :p)
Note that the map only displays lands elevation, the ice cap which covered Europe is not included (a future updated video I hope), so Scandinavia and UK was hidden at that time (see the video thumbnail to see how it really was).
If you need a hires map, please follow this link -> ibb.co/pwGbY3C
Regards !
it so detailed that I can see the river in France fluctuates in size
Nice work! Really interesting.
Thank you very much! It was so exciting to see Europe changing its shape so much in such short (in comparison with the age of Earth) period of time. As a person from Saint-Petersburg, I was amused by the fact that the location of this city was under the sea level while Argos had already existed for centuries.
Black Sea becomes black that is dead, salted. While Baltic Sea becomes white sea, human friendly. Obviously once can expect a migration being caused by this. It would be great to see the extend of plants spread to north which indicates spread of animals and consequently humans. Then you have the Caspian Sea shrinking since 2700y ago, first creating large green plains and 1000 years ago shrinking back and recovered by water.
Why does the Netherlands lose so much land at the end? I thought they were reclaiming it
Artificial polders are not taken in account in this video, only land elevation.
Netherlands is downlifting because of post-glacial isostatic adjustment (beneath the former ice sheet : post glacial uplift; around the ice-sheet : post-glacial downlift)
@@Kaldisti that's correct. It is even noticeable during a human live time. We see going down.
I can see how Poland was slowly building its HEL
(the peninsula on the top)
it isnt
What surprised me most at the end was how recently the Netherlands was all dry land.
Only in the last 800 years or so did the sea flood the country. Even 500 years ago much of it was dry land.
The famous Dutch Dykes would not have been needed just a few hundred years ago because sea level was slightly lower. Shows,too,how shallow the sea around the Netherlands is still.
Off subject, but I love that this channel uses WoW music: great channel!
Very nice animation of post glacial europe.
My two birbs fell afsleep to the music. 🤗
The Adriatic plane is where my ancestors lived. It was a refugium with temperate climate, tucked in there between mountains with the small Adriatic sea bringing warmt from the south.
I love how I know that this is a continuous process and we're just at a random snapshot, and yet it really feels like "Oh yeah, all this has led up to things moving in the direction of how they're "supposed to be", which is how it is right now"
Honestly, my obsession with maps, from playing strategy games and looking at historical and political and economic and such maps, is kind of dumb. But the (current) land-sea map is just super "iconic" to me at this point, after years of constantly looking at it
I love how Portugal is over there chillin' like there's was nothing happening in deep boredom.
"Boredom"!! You mean that has had Human presence/inhabited trough out ALL ages! Even when times dictated that some other lands, that are countries nowadays, didn't even exist! Either because of water levels or the fact that were under a thick ice sheet. Or in other words totally unsuitable for Humans.
Lisbon, known in ancient times as Ulissipo (Olissipo)). Is older than Rome itself by more than half a millennium! Ever wonder why Greeks, Romans or Phoenicians call that?!
Ulissipo means "the city of Ulysses"! The Roman name for Odysseus, the hero from Homer's Iliad and Odyssey! Yes, the famous hero that returned to is homeland among epic adventures, after the Trojan war! Or being the home for the "mysterious" sea people! That come up time and time again on ancient myths & legends!
Want more legends? What about Atlantis! The mystery land beyond the "Pillars of Hercules" (Gibraltar)!
All of it on a land that still has megaliths older than Stonehenge! Or three surprisingly ancient different types of writing were found! On a nation that is not just one of the oldest in Europe! But has been the core foundation for Humans in Europe. From Neanderthals to Solutreans'. Or like, DNA confirmed, initial Human presence of what we call now the British isles, Ireland, etc. was originated from Iberia coastal areas! Specially up North in what is now Galicia, Spain. With important finds for the Human record like the "Lapedo child"! One of so, so, many facts rarely mentioned...
Please don't do like the "History channel" that can make a 1 hour documentary about the "Templars". Film it in Portugal in the Templar headquarters and all. With Portuguese actors, Lusitano horses and the rest. BUT "forget" to mention, not even once!! That Portugal was birth as the "Templar nation", by excellence!
Did you notice, I didn't mention the "age of discoveries" once?! Something that by far and wide Portugal started well ahead of other nation's, in some cases by centuries'. Curiosity: Portuguese fusilier's (marines) celebrated, just a few years ago, the 700 (seven hundred) years of the institution! Let that sink in for a moment.
Boredom, I don't think so... ;-)
I think what happened through the Volga River also happened in the Columbia River through Washington State to the Pacific Ocean. Did both events happen at the same time?
Note how the Gulf grows (bottom RHS). Was it dry as for as Bahrain? Wasn't that supposed to be where the garden of Eden was?
Not dry, probably swamp areas along Tigris and Furat rivers
@@Kaldisti Yes,of course, that makes sense. A wetland area providing everything people need to survive
The Caspian was periodically divided into two parts. Not so long ago there was even a land connection from present-day Baku to the opposite shore. So make adjustments.
that was during Cenozoic era ( > 3 million years ago)
@@Kaldisti Data on the existence of this passage are taken from historical documents. Now I will not remember the links, but there was even data from satellites, which also did not exclude this.
i waited for this video for too long!
Excellent however
Newgrange is a Stone Age (Neolithic) monument in the Boyne Valley, County Meath, it is the jewel in the crown of Ireland's Ancient East. Newgrange was constructed about 5,200 years ago (3,200 B.C.) which makes it older than Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids of Giza.Also new evidence surgests Stonehenge was relocated to current location from Wales.
Tuatha de Danann came from Doggerbank, and Manannan mac Lir came from the Irish Sea.
The Egyptian tale of Atlantis is about the Rockall Plateau, which also just happens to be Asgard, connected to Europe during winter due to packice (Bifrost).
Odin is Thoth, and was the one to teach literacy to the indo-europeans, whom then preserved the slightly lost-in-translation tale of the realm of the gods.
Europe has had a circular migration pattern for the past 10k years where a constant battle between sailors, farmers and nomads have mixed the myths and histories of the ancient past into a vague tale of giants vs sons of giants.
The Vanir are the Sailor gods (Poseidon/Osiris/Loki) and the Aesir are the steppe-gods (Zeus/Thoth/Odin), but both of them share the same origin and have intermixed since the ice-age, - which is why there's such a confusion about their differences and alliances.
Awesome video!
I see you in every mapping video I watch
Very good looking and detailed :0
10:08 Damn that massive change of the caspian sea within the last 50 years.
Very very awesome and detailed
Netherlands now: time to return lost lands
Viewers take into account there are a few catches. Sedimentation doesn't show up. For example we know the area now occupied by Doñana in Spain was a bay during the bronze age.
Sedimentation from the Guadalquivir river eventually filled up the bay.
It had very significant effects. For example, Seville port, which was one of europe's most important, was eventually abandoned because sedimentation made the Guadalquivir not navegable around the 18th century.
It surprised me that Stockholm was under water meanwhile Athens was founded
you can see that the actual rate (3,29mm/yr) is not that many different than many periods in the last 5000 years
I’ve been wondering what the living conditions were like south of the ice sheet. During the next ice advance how far south will humankind have to retreat to find year round habitation? I’m thinking the winter storms south of the ice sheets would be terrible. Have not found any discussion of this.
I made a video with climate conditions during the last Ice Age : ruclips.net/video/KR1hxR3w8cs/видео.html
In fact, the last Ice Age was not a full harsh freezing period, but a complex unstable period with warmer conditions close to modern climate and of course horribly cold periods.
Anyway, in the best case, all climate zones shifted southward by roughly 1,000 km (for example english climate in France). In the worst case, european climate was similar to modern Siberia
@@Kaldisti I knew some day I would find you. I’ve been looking for this kind of presentation for a long time. I’m in total awe of this work and the amount of time it must have required. Finally a presentation of climate change based on science and not hyperbole. I put a link on my FB. Thank you very much! Now watching your other videos.
@@Kaldisti basically the Philippines experienced colder and drier climate during the ice age than today.
@@Kaldisti what kind of Siberia? Mouth of the Lena kind?
@@everettduncan7543 During the Heinrich Stadial it would be similar to the northern Siberian tundra with cold summers (not warm enough to support tree growth) and very cold winters. This was the coldest period and occurred about 17000 years ago.
At speed 2 music is mix of Vangelis, Artemyev and Jean Michel Jarre. Tubular Bells author too )))
i liked that too
It seems, Helsinki area was above sea level 10000 years before St.Peterburgh and 16000 years before Stockholm.
This was an unnecessarily scary video. But I loved it!
Kudos for actually showing almost all of Europe (I know showing all the islands in the north would be a pain to properly include them) instead of cutting off the eastern 3rd and calling it "Europe" like most far westerners seem to have this misconceptions that Europe ends at Russian border, don't realise that Kazachstan is (partially) in Europe, or that Poland is geographically central on the western side of Central Europe (the actual centre is around Polish-Lithuanian border), and so on...
5:20 I love how Meltwater Pulse 1B gets boss level music 😆
There is still 150 - 250 meters to rebound in Ostrobotnia coastal area in Finland. Even if all the continental ice sheets melted, the sea level would rise only 65 meters. It is a matter of timing, but in the end the Northern Finland will survive the climate change relatively unharmed. I am not so sure if it will survive the mining industry.
sad to see that during this time only a little bit of rockall was above water :(
0:55 I see Rockall was actually a decent-sized island 22k YBP. Also some random thing due west of Ireland?
I'd always assumed Britain's last connection to the continent was around the current nearest point; interesting that it was actually to east Anglia.
*Ice Age ends*
The Yamnaya: Hello there beautiful 👀
Rest of Europe: 😳
Well, actually . . . ;) Yamnayan culture first appears only 5,300 years ago.
Even a thousand years ago Finland and Sweden were visibly smaller
Could be totally different to the existing geological narrative
The world wide cataclysmic flood lasted for a total of 371 days. It was not just 40 days and 40 nights as many naively believe and parrot. At the end of that time there were 74 days in which the waters were rapidly receding to once again expose more and more dry
land. Which would have been in itself catastrophic and resulted in huge deformations, slides, large deposits and other such events associated with vast amounts of water moving rapidly. That rapid recession of all that water saw huge canyons and valleys being
carved as fast or faster than we see in modern representations such as "Mount Saint Helens" and other such events we've witnessed in recent history, disproving many of the millions or billions of years time tables. There would also have been vast amounts of vulcanism as a result of the rapid movement of the tectonic plates as they spread out from a single massive land mass, "super continent", as is proposed by many even in the secular world. There's the new sea floor being created during that time as the tectonic plates shifted and moved. Then there's all the other cataclysmic events contained in that world
wide flood, due to the "Ring of Fire" and "Super Volcanos" being active as a result of tectonic shifts also resulting in new islands being formed. All of this would have naturally resulted in an lce Age as the conditions of warm oceans with cool summers and mild winters would have been perfect for the precipitation needed for such an event. The amount of particels in the atmosphere from all that vulcanism would also help explain and have been a large contributing factor to the normalization of temperatures during that
time. As the oceans cooled, (study cooling associated with evaporation), the winters became colder and summers hotter, (due to less particulate in the atmosphere and reflection of sunlight), resulting in less precipitation and so the Ice Age came to an end.
there are quite a few mistakes
1 the black sea was much smaller because the water level was very low, it was only when the sea had risen so much that it could run through the Bosphorus 7,500 years ago and it is not that deep,
2 The Baltic Sea ran out to the south of Denmark and up through the Great Belt and Kattegat, not over Sweden,
3 the English channel did not exist then, the 120 m high white cliffs at Dover are part of a gigantic coral reef that stretched across the channel to France, up through Germany and Denmark, tectonically parts have risen and others have sunk,
all the rivers from Belgium and north then ran north and north of Scotland into the Atlantic,
that channel was only created when the ice built up again over i.a. scanvia saw a glacier slide from norway over the north sea, over scotland and dug out loch nes, it created a huge fresh water lake where the north sea is today, it rose until it could run over where the english channel is now and dug down through the limestone to the canal we see now, there are still waterfalls from that time at the bottom of the canal,
the water did not enter through the canal from the south, but ran that way out during the melting of the ice
it took the sea 7000 years to rise 120 m from the end of the Younger Dryas which ended 10,800 years ago
1) the rapid sea-level rise of the Black Sea at 7,500 BC is a theory debunked for a while. The Bosphorus Strait was 160m deep before Holocene sediments partially filled it and Marmara strait, 96m. It means Mediterranean water started to flow toward Black Sea circa 14,500 years ago and filled progressively the basin. See the references in my Black Sea video
2) You refer here to an ice-dammed lake (Ancylus lake) which is not displayed here.
3) The situation you describe is anachronical, the Dover strait land bridge broke up 400k years ago. Since, North European rivers flow through the Channel when the ice bridge between British Isles and Scandinavia was formed.
This need a remake but now with Last Interglacial. It will be great show it with transparent ice-sheet, so we could se the crust being downlifted and uplifted with the ice.
*6000 years ago*
Sweden & Finland: _Bonjour_
So, if everything goes on like this, in a few centuries Sweden and Finland will have a land bridge across today's aland islands?
Isostatic rebound will not be enough to connect Finland and Sweden through Aland in the future, since in that area the land has mostly returned to its normal state, we might see a landbridge from mainland Finland to Aland but not all the way to Sweden.
There will however be a landbridge forming in the Kvarken a little further north between Finland and Sweden in around 2500 years.
Crystalsong forest OST is so niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiice
Hello, I love this video and I was wondering if I could use it to map archeological cultures of europe. I will, of course, credit you and make sure that your video is easily accessible from my video (through links in the comments and description). Thank you so much!
--Hui Hui
Of course!
The video is super! Is there the same for the Baltic Sea?
You should have mentioned the Varna Necropolis from the 5th millennium BC - the oldest crafted gold in the world.
Britain was NOT an island just 7,000 years ago!? Wow.
Best. Europe. Map. Ever.
The place where I currently live was under water 2000 years ago :3
Amazing work!
Could you make a similar video about the projected future sea level rise? For this same geographical area (Europe), and maybe separately also for area around the Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Bengal, and for South / East China Sea?
We do not want an ice-age back. Let's hope it is getting rather warmer than cooler.
There was only 1 iceage.
After the global flood
@Nehner been watching too many children cartoons?
@@markhamburger5587 go Google catastrophic plate tectonics schoolboy
Really puts the narrative of the "rise of sea level because of human made climate change" into perspective.
We aren't making it happen, we are just drastically speeding it up.
@colecoal1365 watch the video until the end. Then you will see that there is no acceleration whatsoever.
You can see the Caspian Sea shrinking rapidly within the last 50 years in this video due to record droughts.
Meltwater Pulse: *begins*
Me: s t r e s s
Э! Where is Onega lake? I was worried about it whole video!
CRAAAAZY to see how much land we've seen appear and disappear in human history. the first humans making their little rock scribbles in caves would've seen doggerland and think nothing of it, having no clue it would cease to exist in the next couple thousand years.
What will it be like in the future?
The next glaciation will start at 15,000 AD so the sea level will drop once again
I love that he used music from world of warcraft. Such a pleasant surprise.