Summary notes of study types: 1. 1:09 Ecological Study: comparing health of groups in different places or at different times 2. 1:52 Case Series: describe characteristics (demographics, clinical presentation, prognosis, unusual observations) of a group who has same disease or exposure. 3. 2:19 Cross-Sectional Study: snap shot at a given time on health in a group (e.g. health surveys) (also called prevalence studies) 4. 3:16 Case-Control Study: establish chance of exposure to a risk factor in cases (e.g. patients) vs controls (healthy individuals) over time (odds-ratio calculation) 5. 4:54 Cohort Study: follow group over time and check risk factors along the way (relative risk calculation) 6. 6:52 Interventional Study: double/triple-blinded randomized-control trials (e.g. test effects of a new drug) Overview studies of multiple studies: 8:52 Systematic review 9:08 Meta-analysis Study types 1,2,3 are ‘snapshots’ at a single point in time, while Study types 4,5,6 are ‘longitudinal’, meaning over a longer time period. Study type 4 is mostly retrospective (looking at the past), while Study type 5 and 6 are prospective (looking at the future). Study type 4,5,6 can determine or describe probability of causality, which is not possible in Study types 1,2,3. Study types 1-5 are ‘observational’, while Study type 6 is ‘interventional’. Watch the full video for examples and listing of advantages and disadvantages!
Biomed Master yeah sure im a pharmacy student , and here we have epidemiology as a subject ,to teach us how a study should be , even tho we study in french ( in Algeria ) i find these kinda vids very helpful and ur channel as well thanks for sharing
Exam notes: 1. Process of epidemiological studies: Study question --> select a study type --> collect and analyse data --> interpret result --> report finding. Finally, it should be done in an ethical way 2. Ecological study: applies to groups and not individuals. - Useful for comparing health across multiple places (e.g., measles rate across Australia and New Zealand), or comparing two time periods in a single place. - Generating questions that can lend themselves to future investigation and studies. 3. Case series: - Characteristics of a group of people with same disease or same exposure. The aim is to understand demographics, presentation, prognosis or other characteristics of people who have a particular disease. 4. Cross sectional study: -It takes a selected population and measure health information at a given point of time, giving a snapshot of health. E.g., using surveys. They are also called prevalence study. Selected population should be representative of the total population. Advantages: - Relatively inexpensive - Assessing exposure/outcomes - Assess health needs Disadvantages: - Cannot be used to measure causality 5. Case control: - Starts with cases, people with diseases. Uses a control group, similar people but no disease. Both groups are asked about their exposure to certain risk factors, and then odds ratio is calculated as given below: OR = odds of being exposed - case/odds of being exposed - control If OR>1, risk factor is associated with the disease If OR=1, risk factor is not associated with the disease If OR1, increased risk RR=1, same risk RR
Ethics? People pushing poison useless toxic clotshots don't have ethics, or an understanding of science. Why don't you delete this long-winded gobblygook and get a real job where you're not a worthless welfare queen.
Dear sir/madam We are happy to invite you as a speaker/Delegate to the upcoming Webinar of Digestive gastro 2020 which is scheduled on November 23-24, 2020 To Participate in the webinar visit: digestivegastro.gastroconferences.com Thanks& Regards Williams miller
The way I'm going to remember this voice while writing my exams!!!!!!..Thank you so much really helpful..Epidemiology exams you can come now for all I care I'm going to Ace you....
Thank you so much! Although I'm German and not that good in English, I was able to understand the topic much better than with the help of regular German literature on epidemiology.
I absolutely love this video. I'm currently in my M.Sc Public Health. I had to learn this so many times but it was so helpful as a refresher. Maybe a little fast :) Please keep up the good work
woowww!!! this video is amazing!!! i was in the university, listening to my instructor for about 1hour and 20min and I did not understand anything, but now I get everything!!! thank you so much
Dear sir/madam We are happy to invite you as a speaker/Delegate to the upcoming Webinar of Digestive gastro 2020 which is scheduled on November 23-24, 2020 To Participate in the webinar visit: digestivegastro.gastroconferences.com Thanks& Regards Williams miller
Superb.... :-) So simple and nicely presented. As a student, we need these topics to be presented as interesting as this video was. Thank you and keep uploading more of these types of videoes....
🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation: 00:01 📚 A study is a scientific process of answering a question using data from a population. 01:22 🌍 Ecological studies measure disease rates and exposures in groups of people, often for comparing populations' health. 02:04 🔍 A case series describes characteristics of people with the same disease to understand demographics and clinical aspects. 02:59 📋 Cross-sectional studies collect health data at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of health information. 03:41 🕵️ Case-control studies compare cases (people with a disease) to controls (people without) to identify possible causes using odds ratios. 05:02 🔄 Cohort studies follow a group over time to determine associations between risk factors and outcomes, using relative risk. 07:00 💉 Interventional studies involve interventions (e.g., drugs, vaccines) on a group to study outcomes, often using randomized controlled trials. 08:47 📊 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses summarize and interpret multiple studies, providing an impartial summary of evidence.
I love how you chose to animate/play out your voice over with the graphics! I saw this video in class when I was initially learning the various studies and it helped me a lot!
I agree. with Xender. Upload more examples and information. Of all the videos that are available on the Internet, this is one of the most helpful. I have been studying on my own for a Board Certification exam which includes epidemiological studies. This overview has been helpful in shaping my perspective of the topic.
Excellent work has been done by the video maker in this video and really clearly the important epidemiological designs has been addressed by the vocal person. Thank you so much sir for this hard work that you are doing for us. Waiting for more videos like this.
thank you! it’s 2am and i’m still studying and you helped me by putting all that information into one video which was kind of fun to watch! could you do more videos of topics like salutogenisis and the process of a study?
This was so helpful. I just started following. I'm a 1st year MPH student and Epi has been very difficult but the way you broke everything down was GREAT! Thank you. Please share any other resources you think would be of help to me.
Thank you very much for making this wonderful video, I didn't understand it with my teacher in university and my exams on the horizon after 2 week I saw feeling lost until I saw this video. Many thanks for this video.
You really made me have interest in public health dentistry . Please do make more vidoes on it . Make on biostatisticis and others . Thankyou for helping learner’s like me . Great job 🙏🏻
Dear sir/madam We are happy to invite you as a speaker/Delegate to the upcoming Webinar of Digestive gastro 2020 which is scheduled on November 23-24, 2020 To Participate in the webinar visit: digestivegastro.gastroconferences.com Thanks& Regards Williams miller
Thank u soo much for this...i always thought public health dentistry is boring n i can never learn it....but nw i think i can prepare well for final year ....
Dear sir/madam We are happy to invite you as a speaker/Delegate to the upcoming Webinar of Digestive gastro 2020 which is scheduled on November 23-24, 2020 To Participate in the webinar visit: digestivegastro.gastroconferences.com Thanks& Regards Williams miller
Curti muito seu vídeo. Obrigado pelo trabalho em que você trabalha nesses vídeos!! Eu sou apaixonado por temas relacionados à saúde. Efetivamente, eu trabalho com telemedicina, oferecendo atendimento para todo o Brasil! Mantenha o ótimo trabalho!.
thanks alot for this great video >>> just i have question >> can we conclude that case-control study can determine the cause of disease (causality) >> for example the case group who have lung cancer (disease) showed association with smoking (risk factor A) >> so can we say that smoking is causing lung cancer >> is it ?? same goes to other risk factors.
Lekshmi Raj It depends on a couple of factors. To help you decide which "study" to go with, take into consideration the different types of studies. Take for example this video. Ethnical ~ Case study or more to do with Cross sectional studies. Depending on what your actually researching into. Maybe start off with 1 through to 5. I'm just taking a rough guess with the information that i have just learned. I was brought over here as i was looking into Alzheimer's disease, and found that this helped me to understand, a bit more into how the Government is getting there answers on COVID19. It's amazing how we can understand different types of analyzing situations, and i'm no expert at all, yet i found this video very informative. I only made it to the beginning of yr 10. I could also be explaining it wrong. Maybe i should watch the rest of the video. I hope everything works out for you. Good luck.
Maybe ignore my answer. I forgot about the Cohort study ect... I got to admit, i'm 47 & was trying to get info on dementia, the beginning of the video made some insight into the COVID19 in which i found interesting. I'm not studying for anything, my ADHD likes to jump in head on. My apologies & Seriously, good luck. There's so many questions and pathways to go on these kind of studies. 🙂
It's hard to believe when I saw my test results turned negative of HSV2 after using the herbal medications I got from (Dr. Anii) a great doctor who I came across on RUclips who help people get rid of their sickness thank you so much Sir
Thanks for the video. I have one comment: Cohort Studies are observational studies therefore causality is not implied, right? Because we cannot really control for all possible confounders in the field
We study medicine for using our brain to save the people live not to calculate i hate the biostatistics,epidemiology and the community medicine and it’s sub type. And thaink u for ur beautiful topic🥰
I feel a need on more explaintion on cross-sectional study. There must be some sort of comparison ( between groups in this case) in order to explain the influence of a factor.
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
Summary notes of study types:
1. 1:09 Ecological Study: comparing health of groups in different places or at different times
2. 1:52 Case Series: describe characteristics (demographics, clinical presentation, prognosis, unusual observations) of a group who has same disease or exposure.
3. 2:19 Cross-Sectional Study: snap shot at a given time on health in a group (e.g. health surveys) (also called prevalence studies)
4. 3:16 Case-Control Study: establish chance of exposure to a risk factor in cases (e.g. patients) vs controls (healthy individuals) over time (odds-ratio calculation)
5. 4:54 Cohort Study: follow group over time and check risk factors along the way (relative risk calculation)
6. 6:52 Interventional Study: double/triple-blinded randomized-control trials (e.g. test effects of a new drug)
Overview studies of multiple studies:
8:52 Systematic review
9:08 Meta-analysis
Study types 1,2,3 are ‘snapshots’ at a single point in time, while Study types 4,5,6 are ‘longitudinal’, meaning over a longer time period. Study type 4 is mostly retrospective (looking at the past), while Study type 5 and 6 are prospective (looking at the future).
Study type 4,5,6 can determine or describe probability of causality,
which is not possible in Study types 1,2,3.
Study types 1-5 are ‘observational’, while Study type 6 is ‘interventional’.
Watch the full video for examples and listing of advantages and disadvantages!
Thaaaank youu , wish i saw ur comment before having a 1h30 lecture , this is great summary , the vid makes more sense nw !
@@ahlemben5299 Haha, no problem! Good luck studying! You can do it ;)
@@Biomeducated So grateful , thank you
@@ahlemben5299 What are you studying if I may ask? Medicine? Biomedical? Life Sciences?
Biomed Master yeah sure im a pharmacy student , and here we have epidemiology as a subject ,to teach us how a study should be , even tho we study in french ( in Algeria ) i find these kinda vids very helpful and ur channel as well thanks for sharing
Exam notes:
1. Process of epidemiological studies:
Study question --> select a study type --> collect and analyse data --> interpret result --> report finding. Finally, it should be done in an ethical way
2. Ecological study: applies to groups and not individuals.
- Useful for comparing health across multiple places (e.g., measles rate across Australia and New Zealand), or comparing two time periods in a single place.
- Generating questions that can lend themselves to future investigation and studies.
3. Case series:
- Characteristics of a group of people with same disease or same exposure. The aim is to understand demographics, presentation, prognosis or other characteristics of people who have a particular disease.
4. Cross sectional study:
-It takes a selected population and measure health information at a given point of time, giving a snapshot of health. E.g., using surveys. They are also called prevalence study. Selected population should be representative of the total population.
Advantages:
- Relatively inexpensive
- Assessing exposure/outcomes
- Assess health needs
Disadvantages:
- Cannot be used to measure causality
5. Case control:
- Starts with cases, people with diseases. Uses a control group, similar people but no disease. Both groups are asked about their exposure to certain risk factors, and then odds ratio is calculated as given below:
OR = odds of being exposed - case/odds of being exposed - control
If OR>1, risk factor is associated with the disease
If OR=1, risk factor is not associated with the disease
If OR1, increased risk
RR=1, same risk
RR
Ethics? People pushing poison useless toxic clotshots don't have ethics, or an understanding of science. Why don't you delete this long-winded gobblygook and get a real job where you're not a worthless welfare queen.
tyy!!
Thank you!
Thanks 😊
Thank yoy
This video has taught me more in 10 minutes that my epi class taught me in 5 weeks.
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed the video
Preach girl
Dear sir/madam
We are happy to invite you as a speaker/Delegate to the upcoming Webinar of Digestive gastro 2020 which is scheduled on November 23-24, 2020
To Participate in the webinar visit: digestivegastro.gastroconferences.com
Thanks& Regards
Williams miller
this video solve my prob blocking me down for 4 years, haha
ungrateful. Pay attention in class.
The way I'm going to remember this voice while writing my exams!!!!!!..Thank you so much really helpful..Epidemiology exams you can come now for all I care I'm going to Ace you....
Thank you so much! Although I'm German and not that good in English, I was able to understand the topic much better than with the help of regular German literature on epidemiology.
Thank you! I am very happy that it helped!
why?
Indeed, a great summary on this topic, excellent video. Thanks a thousand!
These 10 minutes taught me more than i studied for a whole year
Are you kidding me? Pay attention in class, that'all!!
@@20ckpwt18 bruh
Finally, I know the difference between case control and cohort study. Thanks a lot.
This is the best video I have watched to understand biostats/different studies in a short time, a tremendous thank you to the makers!
I absolutely love this video. I'm currently in my M.Sc Public Health. I had to learn this so many times but it was so helpful as a refresher. Maybe a little fast :)
Please keep up the good work
Why don't you go for a real career where you would benefit society instead of becoming a worthless welfare queen living off the taxpayer?
woowww!!! this video is amazing!!! i was in the university, listening to my instructor for about 1hour and 20min and I did not understand anything, but now I get everything!!! thank you so much
Dear sir/madam
We are happy to invite you as a speaker/Delegate to the upcoming Webinar of Digestive gastro 2020 which is scheduled on November 23-24, 2020
To Participate in the webinar visit: digestivegastro.gastroconferences.com
Thanks& Regards
Williams miller
I learn from you which I could not from my teachers for the three months. Thank you so much for your hard work and good explanation!
Thank you! Glad it helped :)
Thank you so much! It helped me study for my Disease Detectives Science Olympiad Test. Very helpful information.
same here
Meeee toooo
Excellent video. Today, I read 3 chapter based on that information. I finally assimilated the info because of the help of this video.
Thanks! Glad you enjoyed the videos!
Superb.... :-)
So simple and nicely presented. As a student, we need these topics to be presented as interesting as this video was. Thank you and keep uploading more of these types of videoes....
Thanks!
I’m a current MPH student and this is a very succinct presentation. 😊
🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
00:01 📚 A study is a scientific process of answering a question using data from a population.
01:22 🌍 Ecological studies measure disease rates and exposures in groups of people, often for comparing populations' health.
02:04 🔍 A case series describes characteristics of people with the same disease to understand demographics and clinical aspects.
02:59 📋 Cross-sectional studies collect health data at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of health information.
03:41 🕵️ Case-control studies compare cases (people with a disease) to controls (people without) to identify possible causes using odds ratios.
05:02 🔄 Cohort studies follow a group over time to determine associations between risk factors and outcomes, using relative risk.
07:00 💉 Interventional studies involve interventions (e.g., drugs, vaccines) on a group to study outcomes, often using randomized controlled trials.
08:47 📊 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses summarize and interpret multiple studies, providing an impartial summary of evidence.
Thank you professor Liwen Zeng at the UofA for providing this link. Executed with me in mind. Intuitive, succinct, and informative.
I love how you chose to animate/play out your voice over with the graphics! I saw this video in class when I was initially learning the various studies and it helped me a lot!
You don’t know how this video ease me , it’s like a cold water in a hottest day , thank you 🌺🌺
I agree. with Xender. Upload more examples and information. Of all the videos that are available on the Internet, this is one of the most helpful. I have been studying on my own for a Board Certification exam which includes epidemiological studies. This overview has been helpful in shaping my perspective of the topic.
Thanks for your feedback! I am glad you liked it. Making a few more..
Thank you so much for this video.... it's too easy to understand in 10minutes .... while the class takes 2 days.
Excellent work has been done by the video maker in this video and really clearly the important epidemiological designs has been addressed by the vocal person. Thank you so much sir for this hard work that you are doing for us. Waiting for more videos like this.
I think this video is garbage for un-scientific toxic clot shot drug dealers/pushers.
Better than my epi class for years 😂 thank you.
thank you! it’s 2am and i’m still studying and you helped me by putting all that information into one video which was kind of fun to watch! could you do more videos of topics like salutogenisis and the process of a study?
same-12:AM,after 4 years :)
enjoyable ,clear and time efficient ...waiting for more such great work
This was so helpful. I just started following. I'm a 1st year MPH student and Epi has been very difficult but the way you broke everything down was GREAT! Thank you. Please share any other resources you think would be of help to me.
ruclips.net/video/iX92BKys_mQ/видео.html
An easy way for my students to understand the different Epid. strategies which supported my teaching material.
Thank you for investing your time to produce and upload this incredibly useful video!
Thank you very much for making this wonderful video, I didn't understand it with my teacher in university and my exams on the horizon after 2 week I saw feeling lost until I saw this video. Many thanks for this video.
Thanks for the feedback! I am glad it helped
Hi! Could you please explain the retrospective cohort study?
Thank you so much from Saudi Arabia
Very helpful , i loved the simple language ..
Thanks! Glad you enjoyed it
I have never understood medical statistics better before. Thanks a lot for your video😊
This helped me study for science olympiad! Thank you so much!!!
You really made me have interest in public health dentistry . Please do make more vidoes on it . Make on biostatisticis and others . Thankyou for helping learner’s like me . Great job 🙏🏻
thanks... i'm having serious trouble remembering these, but this video has helped!
Dear sir/madam
We are happy to invite you as a speaker/Delegate to the upcoming Webinar of Digestive gastro 2020 which is scheduled on November 23-24, 2020
To Participate in the webinar visit: digestivegastro.gastroconferences.com
Thanks& Regards
Williams miller
Great video with wealth of information, Thank you.
Thank u soo much for this...i always thought public health dentistry is boring n i can never learn it....but nw i think i can prepare well for final year ....
Great explanation..Thanks a lot! It really helped me for my diplome thesis....
Dear sir/madam
We are happy to invite you as a speaker/Delegate to the upcoming Webinar of Digestive gastro 2020 which is scheduled on November 23-24, 2020
To Participate in the webinar visit: digestivegastro.gastroconferences.com
Thanks& Regards
Williams miller
Best video ever on this topic, thanks a bunch doc
Finally, a platform to quench my thirst of Community Medicine :)
Thank you for this teaching. Nice presentation.
Curti muito seu vídeo. Obrigado pelo trabalho em que você trabalha nesses vídeos!!
Eu sou apaixonado por temas relacionados à saúde. Efetivamente, eu trabalho com telemedicina, oferecendo atendimento para todo o Brasil!
Mantenha o ótimo trabalho!.
पहला सुख निरोगी काया दूजा सुख हो घर में माया,great info
these videos are like torchbearer for epidemiology students. please come up with more more videos
THANK YOU!!!!!!
Excellent video!!!!!
Now I feel I can crush step 3
Thanks for uploading.a slight confusion what's difference bw ecological and cross sectional study
thanks alot for this great video >>> just i have question >> can we conclude that case-control study can determine the cause of disease (causality) >> for example the case group who have lung cancer (disease) showed association with smoking (risk factor A) >> so can we say that smoking is causing lung cancer >> is it ?? same goes to other risk factors.
So helpful for my exams in nutrition! Thanks!
Glad it helped!
Amazing video. Honestly. So clear and concise. Thank you!
Thanke you sooo much 💖💖🌸
Excellent explanation
Got more information within 10 minutes. Thank you sir ☺️ 👍
Excellent presentation. Helped a lot for a quick review before exam.
That was very very very helpful, thank you it helped me a lot to understand the material and get high mark in my exam.
Thank you very much, greeting from Mexico.
I have to observe two different groups in two different settings.. which study design i have to be follow?
Lekshmi Raj
It depends on a couple of factors. To help you decide which "study" to go with, take into consideration the different types of studies. Take for example this video. Ethnical ~ Case study or more to do with Cross sectional studies. Depending on what your actually researching into. Maybe start off with 1 through to 5.
I'm just taking a rough guess with the information that i have just learned. I was brought over here as i was looking into Alzheimer's disease, and found that this helped me to understand, a bit more into how the Government is getting there answers on COVID19. It's amazing how we can understand different types of analyzing situations, and i'm no expert at all, yet i found this video very informative. I only made it to the beginning of yr 10. I could also be explaining it wrong. Maybe i should watch the rest of the video. I hope everything works out for you. Good luck.
Maybe ignore my answer. I forgot about the Cohort study ect... I got to admit, i'm 47 & was trying to get info on dementia, the beginning of the video made some insight into the COVID19 in which i found interesting. I'm not studying for anything, my ADHD likes to jump in head on. My apologies & Seriously, good luck. There's so many questions and pathways to go on these kind of studies. 🙂
Prefect job
We need more videos like that
In public health
Wow🤩 nice explanation 👏
thank you
It's hard to believe when I saw my test results turned negative of HSV2 after using the herbal medications I got from (Dr. Anii) a great doctor who I came across on RUclips who help people get rid of their sickness thank you so much Sir
This was excellent !! Thank you so much
Thank you a lot Dr.
This vieo will help me at my exam.
Very informative , simple and helpful
Can we have some discussion on Case-Series and Case-Report..
A nice description you have given..
Really helpful.. Thanks a lot🙏Keep bringing such informative videos..
Thank you so much sir. Please make videos to make community medicine easy and sweet for medical students
Excellent video ~ thanks!
Thanks for the video. I have one comment: Cohort Studies are observational studies therefore causality is not implied, right? Because we cannot really control for all possible confounders in the field
Best video i have ever seen
Thanks very much. I now have a better understanding of the mentioned studies.
thank you for your great effort, from Egypt
Thanks for making this topic accessibile!
i am epidemiology lecturer but ur presentation is amazing
Pretty good and clear. Relax background music for focus on the content.
Satisfactory lecture with easy apprise way......
Very informative 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
For like 2 seconds I could have sworn I was about to watch and episode of Arrested Development. The guy sounds just like the narrator!
What is the program that you used for lecturing in this video.
Beautiful summary, amazing! thank you
no words just thank you!!!
bessstttt epidemiology video!!
Amazingly explained 🤗
We study medicine for using our brain to save the people live not to calculate i hate the biostatistics,epidemiology and the community medicine and it’s sub type.
And thaink u for ur beautiful topic🥰
amazing and super helpful !
Hello, thanks for the video!
what programme do you use to make this awesome presantation?
What of correlational studies? is it the same as ecological studies?
I feel a need on more explaintion on cross-sectional study. There must be some sort of comparison ( between groups in this case) in order to explain the influence of a factor.
this cleared so many things out. thank you so much
*Only 18* 👇👇👇
747107.loveisreal.ru
Simple and clear 👍🏼 thank youu!!!
Very helpful video ! Thank you
I have a question lung cancer association with smoking is more than in non smokers so this should be the example of odds ratio not relative risk
Yes, odds ratios is difference in event of exposed upon unexposed.
thank you...I can understand..upload more videos...
very informative....thank you sir
If I pass my epidemiology midterm is thanks to this video and not to my shitty lecturer or the university I literally pay my life to!
:) Glad this helped! Hope your midterm went well!
so did you pass?
your work is great. easy to follow and understand.
Very well done video. Thanks.
what app do you use for making video?
What is the difference between longitudinal and cohort study
Great one, thanks a lot!
This Video is really helpfull. thank you so much
Awesome lecture. Thank you.
Can opthalmic OT infection have retrospective effect
You are the best ❤️