Joseph Campbell--Mythology of the Trickster

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  • Опубликовано: 11 окт 2010
  • www.jcf.org
    The Trickster in Native American mythologies--Shadow, Creator, and Fool.
    This video is a brief excerpt from interviews filmed with Joseph Campbell shortly before his death in 1987, previously unreleased by the Joseph Campbell Foundation - www.jcf.org

Комментарии • 308

  • @MrJohnnysoup
    @MrJohnnysoup 7 лет назад +295

    alan watts and joseph campbell are essential for any human to hear

    • @JoeWillyArt
      @JoeWillyArt 7 лет назад +22

      I might add Manly Palmer Hall and Terence McKenna to that list but that certainly is a good start

    • @MrJohnnysoup
      @MrJohnnysoup 7 лет назад +8

      thanks, I never knew of Manly Palmer Hall...now I do

    • @jonasdamion1627
      @jonasdamion1627 5 лет назад +3

      id add, besides peterson obviously, edward edinger to that list

    • @OnerousEthic
      @OnerousEthic 5 лет назад +3

      And Terence McKenna is just yet another fool not worthy of mention? Or are you playing your home field advantage?

    • @MsCValentiner
      @MsCValentiner 5 лет назад +2

      I'd add Tom Campbell. Loads of interviews and talks here on RUclips.

  • @RiotsArt1
    @RiotsArt1 12 лет назад +46

    You don't get cooler than this man...forever a legend

    • @CHSN-1
      @CHSN-1 2 года назад

      💯

  • @hometown555
    @hometown555 11 лет назад +59

    i enjoy talks like these it always makes me realize the game is bigger then i thought. there is always more to learn no matter how long or far out you look, maybe that's what looking down the rabbit hole means.

    • @saemushailstorm3135
      @saemushailstorm3135 6 лет назад

      Hah ! Spot on !!

    • @Ronin3453
      @Ronin3453 4 года назад

      Solid comment 👍

    • @yark618
      @yark618 3 года назад +1

      Information addiction

    • @anthonypape6862
      @anthonypape6862 Год назад

      The rabit hole is a reference to Alice and Wonderland. That rabit is not a trickster but the "Herald." He is the lurer of souls into fantastic adventures and worlds that are rightlfully unknown to the hero. The rabit as trickster is in mythology for 1,000's of years. Dating back to some of the orignial tar baby stories. Later reserrected as Briar Rabit who would get Wolves and Foxes to free them by asking them to please not.

    • @1inchpunisher715
      @1inchpunisher715 26 дней назад +1

      Facts, too much knowledge and Info and history to learn, only got so much limited time 2 learn

  • @Azazelcobb
    @Azazelcobb 3 года назад +24

    You live almost 50 years considering yourself a seeker of knowledge, questioning practically every aspect of your experiences.
    An *"outside of the box"* discerning individual.
    How am I unfamiliar with this man!?
    I am excited and embarrassed at the same time, but mostly eager to hear more.
    THANK YOU TO ALL OF YOU WHO
    SHARED THIS 💯👏👏💪👍😎💯
    🙏✌️❤️🌞🌎🙈🙉🙊

    • @LightworkingWanderer
      @LightworkingWanderer 3 года назад +5

      Here with you brother, sharing the same experience. Love and light!

    • @Konfide4043
      @Konfide4043 3 года назад +5

      It seems the drops dripping through the dam are drip fed to us from time to time

  • @Dragon33304
    @Dragon33304 13 лет назад +21

    Thank you very much for this upload. Joseph Campbell 's work is more important now than ever before.

  • @wendymonette9958
    @wendymonette9958 3 года назад +3

    Absolutely love the opening music to your videos, as well as the videos themselves. Thank you.

  • @robertrico5091
    @robertrico5091 6 лет назад +33

    My friends at JCF: These are not the times to conceal such insight, such wisdom, such meaningful discourse in order to profit from it. Release ALL the JC catalogue now, for free, on RUclips. Demonstrate that you've learned SOMETHING from your benefactor's work other than how to make a quick buck.

    • @saemushailstorm3135
      @saemushailstorm3135 6 лет назад

      & what have YOU DONE...?

    • @detrockcity3
      @detrockcity3 4 года назад +4

      @@saemushailstorm3135 shut up, he's correct.

    • @BornSatanist
      @BornSatanist 2 года назад +2

      @Robert Rico I heard somewhere once that things cost stuff. Even Pablum.

  • @highpriestofgavinalmightyh1304
    @highpriestofgavinalmightyh1304 3 года назад +31

    I, without exception, have encountered the trickster on 6 to 9 dried grams in quiet darkness for 8 to 10 hours once a year over the last three years.
    It is the most terrifyingly playful entity to encounter. Good intentions with proper set and setting ensure that the entity is benevolent, but those with dark hearts may interpret an encounter with a far more malevolent trickster archetype.

    • @rabidL3M0NS
      @rabidL3M0NS 2 года назад +8

      When one peers into the looking glass, one sees what one puts forth.

    • @dominicp3301
      @dominicp3301 2 года назад +2

      I had one such experience on an ayahuasca session 7 years ago in the amazon, took me 4 years to digest. After the ceremony, and after that every ceremony after during the stay, there was a dog waiting for me and cuddle with me (just from somewhere around the village) and who led me the way when I got lost in the jungle on a San Pedro experience (just when I got lost). And the dog is on the Trickster Archetype, I learned years after
      And last year in winter I had one trickster experience, (albeit almost more intense), during a regular daily meditation session. Couldnt have been more absolute, it came in the very first minute of my meditation, and I`ve done many shroom sessions into the night and fullmoon so I know full-on experiences, but with preparation. The most "train-hit" in time, had been, so far, 5 minutes into a 3+ gramm session. But 1 minute into sober meditation
      This one during meditation, to my delight, would have probably killed me to the core but, I was able to digest the core meaning and say, positive input of that lesson of the very .. well, if meaning is non-existant, then, the Fool, will apply full responsibility. Because then, thats all there is. And probably all there ever was. And maybe then magic happens. The Fool to me is the perfect equilibrium of chaos and order, and yet, none of the while. It`s Focus, and Focus is creation.
      I knew in that experience that it is what most people (especially sensitive, I assume), would kill and degradate their purpose and thrill for life. And it scared the heck out of me, but after I got it, and also realized the danger of such experience, I also got the delight.
      The most terrifying playful entity- what a lovely description indeed.
      Cheers

    • @janelliot5643
      @janelliot5643 2 года назад

      Simply sad when ppl do drugs to attempt cultural appropriation. You're simply drug users, with zero spiritual insight, weaving cutesy new-age fairy tales. No problem if you harm none but do everyone a favor and drop the pretense: Self-awareness is the first step.

    • @highpriestofgavinalmightyh1304
      @highpriestofgavinalmightyh1304 2 года назад

      @@janelliot5643 Your “culture“ does not own the spiritual experience. Culture is our enemy.
      Connection to the divine belongs to all. I’m sorry if you thought you had some sort of special entitlement no one else does. It’s OK for you to be a smarmy pseudo-intellectual, but that doesn’t actually make you an authority on anything.
      We don’t require your approval. Maintain some level of self-awareness, please.

    • @dominicp3301
      @dominicp3301 2 года назад +1

      @@janelliot5643 No idea where you are coming from and I respect your heritage,
      Nevertheless, Me personally, I`ve aspired counter to my culture my whole life and had experienced deep loneliness. I had been to retreats against my teachers advice or my family. Or social norms. Whatever you call "your" culture, I have not had any suiting my soul or path, any way you call it. Ive added thousands hours meditative experience after and before "drug" uses and adviced many people about it as well as warned many to not go astray in that realm (which some have counted on and profited, and some led their own way).
      And I`ve tried to combien the scientific rational aspect of "my" culture with these teachings or spheres, that, albeit imbedded in cultures, do not belong to them. Spirit no one owns. Period.
      Theres a cultural saying that: "Obey to your culture, unless your spirit calls you - then culture must the individual let go." What you call cultural appropriation, I think, is what the west (or most of other culture lacks) and to re-spirit the soul of people should be on your radar for the survival and well-being of all - if that is what you would call spiritual (which, to me, has no boundaries of culture or time, but it being a manifestation in time and culture).
      I despise or/and see the lack in cutesy new-age. I atleast think to see the pain of it, too. Where its coming from.
      Condemnation is not self-awareness, and even if its true, it does not help but show an emotional response which seems to be very individual (I can relate to emotional response in varying ways of the same kind).
      Kind regards

  • @uneedtherapy42
    @uneedtherapy42 13 лет назад +10

    so intelligent YET so accessible is his story telling

  • @wlljon7
    @wlljon7 12 лет назад +2

    Terrific video. Thank you.

  • @ajs4287
    @ajs4287 4 года назад +32

    The Tower of Babel wasn’t stopped with a flood. Yahweh actually confused the tongues to stop that little construction effort. He’s definitely a trickster though.

    • @KeepItReal1
      @KeepItReal1 3 года назад +4

      Tower of Babel is not literal. The tower is one of the Torus fields we have in this realm, without them things wouldn't work like they do for everything to exist. Noah is a technological construct of our realm that is a natural cyclical event that occurs every so many years. Not a real or literal person. Those in power gave you fictional characters to explain how this world works to CON-fuse ppl, just like the languages they invented along with dividing nations. See what the tricksters did there?.

    • @danielharris9403
      @danielharris9403 3 года назад +1

      Best trick was switching from God to LORD GOD between Genesis 1 + 2 😉

    • @j0tt0
      @j0tt0 3 года назад +1

      @@danielharris9403 ??

    • @maskcollector6949
      @maskcollector6949 3 года назад +5

      @@KeepItReal1 You're grasping at straws a bit there.

    • @Causewisdom
      @Causewisdom 2 года назад +1

      The knowledge of good and evil is at work.

  • @picardoi8742
    @picardoi8742 7 лет назад +70

    bugs bunny

  • @hotrodbrasseur
    @hotrodbrasseur 13 лет назад +9

    What wonderful insight he had , alot of us could lear the respect of life from his teachings

  • @MrMooseMusic
    @MrMooseMusic 3 года назад +2

    Is there an uncut version of this available somewhere?

  • @smartcatcollarproject5699
    @smartcatcollarproject5699 7 лет назад +20

    I believe that the story of the flood, which is mentioned in different cultures, comes from the end of the Ice Age(s).
    Only 20,000 years ago, when humans were quite similar as they are today, the sea level was 200 meters lower than today ?! Imagine that, we are now making huge headlines about maybe 1-2 meters rise caused by global warming, but humans had to cope with much more important changes a few times in our (unwritten) history. So it's quite possible that these myths are very ancient traces of these rising waters, destroying huge surfaces of coasts were our ancestors used to live for thousands of years...

    • @saemushailstorm3135
      @saemushailstorm3135 6 лет назад +2

      keep looking -

    • @peterribolli8300
      @peterribolli8300 5 лет назад +6

      Smart Cat Collar Project . In Australia the indigenous first people have a dreamtime story of the rising/flood waters. Modern man thought this is indigenous myth.
      Then scientists prove this story to be factual history. Turns out the scientists discover that the indigenous are telling the story of when the australian continental shelf was above sea level.
      Science backed up dreamtime story 100%

    • @MaestroTJS
      @MaestroTJS 5 лет назад +1

      That's pretty good!

    • @WarriorBlood777
      @WarriorBlood777 10 месяцев назад

      I believe God's Word. It's God's given Word to mankind, the Bible. New Testament is even the Word of God in human flesh. Just read it, try it. In it is everlasting life.

  • @DanielBrown-cq1cr
    @DanielBrown-cq1cr 8 лет назад +25

    Loki

    • @PathosRx
      @PathosRx 7 лет назад +2

      enki, lucifer

  • @anewwrinkleonthebrainpodca2451
    @anewwrinkleonthebrainpodca2451 8 лет назад +20

    My name may be shared, but I want to begin by saying I am new to listening and reading the works of the man who shares my name. this is a first for me. thank you for publishing this. the real question is when are people gonna wake up. that's a hypothetical question. however I recognize that we are being taught and fooled. with that being said thank you for helping me find out who the man who shares my name is.

    • @michaelcostello6019
      @michaelcostello6019 6 лет назад +3

      nomen est omen, enjoy ' )

    • @JohnDoe-nq5pk
      @JohnDoe-nq5pk 5 лет назад

      the question of if people are going to wake up, should be, do we live in a system where everybody can wake up? there is no such thing as a utopia because once it is created it is the nature of man(or evolution) to throw it off balance. A utopia is not the end point of evolution or existence.
      Look at it like this, the majority of society are the inner organs of a living entity that is society. Their purpose is to craft a service to survive that also enables said society to maintain itself(internal organs). The jobs that technically don't advance anything, but just maintain it. They are important as you wouldn't want an internal organ to stop working.
      The "thinking" minds make the important decisions for survival that are a barrier so internal processes can deal with its own issues. this layer of the thinking minds is the skin that is the outer barrier keeping external factors at a minimum.
      cancers within each "body" can bubble up and depending how "healthy" each independent "body" is generally determines its ability to fight off said cancer.

    • @jacobjorgenson9285
      @jacobjorgenson9285 5 лет назад +2

      Wake up to what? A world that cannot be understood? What exactly do you know 'they' don't?

  • @ComicPower
    @ComicPower Год назад +3

    Loki is my favorite trickster myth and it works well in the Thor films

  • @EliecerFalcon
    @EliecerFalcon 2 года назад

    Why did you guys take down Joseph Campbell and manly hall down from Spotify??

  • @petergoettler1385
    @petergoettler1385 5 лет назад +2

    Interesting,Thxs.

  • @alencoffell4282
    @alencoffell4282 10 лет назад +1

    I found these marbles in space Mr. Campbell, their steelies, were they yours?

  • @jdmuckey
    @jdmuckey 4 года назад

    The captions offered for this video are awful. I know he has some speech issues, or stutters over some words, but the captions could at least TRY to be accurate.

  • @es8559
    @es8559 5 лет назад +1

    BRILLIANT!!!

  • @PsychicSploob
    @PsychicSploob 3 года назад +4

    If only Joseph Campbell wrote as clearly as he spake! I need to have a thesaurus open every time I decide to read him haha

  • @JungleFeverForOShea
    @JungleFeverForOShea 5 лет назад +1

    Thanks fam

  • @nerdimmunity6690
    @nerdimmunity6690 4 года назад +1

    Hann Solo, could charismatic rouge be another word for trickster?

  • @ancoandrede7522
    @ancoandrede7522 11 лет назад +4

    1:47, epic sudden zoom

  • @johnnachristy2973
    @johnnachristy2973 Год назад

    I would love to meet a man someday (as a life partner) with his depth and awareness. 💙

  • @erichyde2581
    @erichyde2581 Год назад

    I feel a sneeze coming on just looking at that chair and wallpaper.

  • @SilverChalice00
    @SilverChalice00 9 месяцев назад +1

    love the wallpaper

  • @LoveChipbreak
    @LoveChipbreak 10 лет назад +12

    Is he okay? He seems really exhausted yet pent up at the same time.

    • @TonOfHam
      @TonOfHam 9 лет назад +19

      This is his manor-ism. He digs deep and thinks ahead before he talks (too rare to even recognize these days). The only thing he has pent up is a wealth of knowledge, he does seem to struggle a bit, at other times he may stop for moments, but he is a master of his domain and always presents things in the most wonderful way.

    • @davidjoshua1075
      @davidjoshua1075 9 лет назад

      LoveChipbreak Amen

    • @davidjoshua1075
      @davidjoshua1075 9 лет назад

      ***** someone should learn about his horrible passing...its very interesting....he like many dabblers...regretted his work and died a horrible untimely death.

    • @davidjoshua1075
      @davidjoshua1075 9 лет назад

      ***** He dabbled on the faith walk...someone people walk it...he just dabbled in it.

    • @davidjoshua1075
      @davidjoshua1075 9 лет назад

      Indeed there is...In fact you can do that with anything lol.

  • @Highfrequencytarot
    @Highfrequencytarot 2 года назад +1

    In addition to the below message, Dolores Cannon, Seth Material, Abraham Hicks, Dr Richard Moody, Suzanne guismen. ❤️🌻🌼♑️🧘‍♀️ sending all love and light.

  • @apollo5008
    @apollo5008 3 года назад

    johnney i like where your going with this

  • @BlueCollarMoto
    @BlueCollarMoto 11 лет назад +5

    Watching this makes me miss the days b4 computer and cable TV watching him on PBS. A real mind bender. I always thought him a brilliant man and still do although I don't agree with him on some true aspects of the symbolism these days. I've been looking for his stuff for years now, but couldn't remember his name. I look forward to sharing with my friends. Thank you for posting this! PS, I especially liked the American Indian stories.

    • @CHSN-1
      @CHSN-1 2 года назад

      If you don’t mind, what don’t you agree with?
      I know it’s been 9 yrs but I’m just curious…

  • @jesusisbling
    @jesusisbling 13 лет назад +13

    Netflix has Joseph Campbell videos you can stream....

    • @pearlgirl5643
      @pearlgirl5643 4 года назад +1

      I think they’re off there but I found his PBS special on Amazon

    • @lindaj5492
      @lindaj5492 2 года назад

      Netflix charges you to see them 😡

  • @ayy2193
    @ayy2193 7 месяцев назад

    on a grounded level Marie is a good example of the trickster in Hank & Marie hospital scene in breaking bad , in a focused/guided way by care

  • @healthfadsfade
    @healthfadsfade 4 года назад

    Homeboys tripping on something and I love it

  • @unseenrecordings
    @unseenrecordings 12 лет назад +7

    guitar noodling is fun but can we get some longer uploads with joe instead of 'soundbite tasters' please . thanks uploader

  • @chrislaro1396
    @chrislaro1396 6 лет назад +12

    The man was far superior and heads above the more modern versions such as dawkins, harris (hate that guy a fkn bore) hitchens, dyson etc. JC started the cottage industry of alternative philosophy vs religious dogma. Perhaps watts may have done his turn earlier bring the east ot the west but Campbell was to me, simply a more genuine scholar. The worst of them all is that skeptic scag, can't even recall his name he's so bad but those of you here will know whom I speak. Thanks Joe for ALL your wisdom and brilliance. Peace, aho!!!

    • @detrockcity3
      @detrockcity3 4 года назад +2

      Watts is similar. He just takes on an Eastern style of teaching, I'd say. More commentary, but both philosopher-scholars.

  • @ellesunshine5597
    @ellesunshine5597 5 лет назад +2

    😍👍

  • @justinbennett9998
    @justinbennett9998 3 года назад

    Wow that dude is geeked!

  • @gabrielorville821
    @gabrielorville821 5 лет назад +4

    Nah, I think the connection of Yahweh as a trickster because of the flood comes easy for Campbell because the motif is prevalent in American Indian mythology, but to me I think it's more obvious in the confounding of the tongues at the tower of Babel.

    • @KeepItReal1
      @KeepItReal1 3 года назад +3

      Tower of Babel is not literal. The tower is one of the Torus fields we have in this realm, without them things wouldn't work like they do for everything to exist. Noah is a technological construct of our realm that is a natural cyclical event that occurs every so many years. Not a real or literal person. Those in power gave you fictional characters to explain how this world works to CON-fuse ppl, just like the languages they invented along with dividing nations. See what the tricksters did there?

    • @shavedape6679
      @shavedape6679 3 года назад

      @@KeepItReal1 now your talking! (excuse the pun)

  • @charlessnortley4519
    @charlessnortley4519 3 года назад +2

    In Ojibwe we call him WanaBoozho

  • @jlupus8804
    @jlupus8804 3 года назад +2

    Does Campbell think God and Man belong in the same moral category? If yes, that's a huge oversight.

  • @GAMEBRO0
    @GAMEBRO0 2 года назад

    7 of swards?

  • @QEsposito510
    @QEsposito510 Год назад

    Is he ok?

  • @spockboy
    @spockboy 3 года назад +2

    True, I would add Eckhart Tolle to the list.

  • @AureateOne
    @AureateOne 12 лет назад +1

    I

  • @bull1234
    @bull1234 6 лет назад +2

    Orderly Chaos of a dice throwing god.

  • @LazlosPlane
    @LazlosPlane 3 года назад +1

    The trickster is replete throughout European folklore as well, why does Campbell ignore this?

    • @lindaj5492
      @lindaj5492 2 года назад +1

      This is just a snippet; and he does mention Nordic / Siberian tales here.

  • @allen5455
    @allen5455 2 года назад +1

    What? Is he in the Holiday Inn lobby? When's the continental breakfast?

  • @melisse1123
    @melisse1123 12 лет назад +1

    Oh wow I'm going to check out all of these. I also saw "Finding Joe" and now I'm all about Joseph Campbell and his teachings. If you haven't seen that movie, you have to. It meant a lot to me. bitly .com/syDsZQ

  • @susettesantiago5509
    @susettesantiago5509 6 лет назад

    Whoever the Hebrews or Judaic people's were is mostly thought to be middle eastern nomadic tribes....now they would have been taught by Egyptians because Egyptians and many other South African tribes hosted immigration and even the Greeks were taught by Egyptians, the book was provided to the immigrants as a guide to conduct within the Egyptian empire as well as a spiritual guide which was very much a blending of the church and state, the pharoah representing the god king

  • @dmtdreamz7706
    @dmtdreamz7706 Год назад

    Have a DMT Purpose - Commit to a DMT calling. Immerse yourself in deeply meaningful DMT that channels your creative energy and gives you a sense of contribution.

  • @charleslawson7651
    @charleslawson7651 10 лет назад +6

    joseph campbell, the greatest scholar of mythology since Iamblichus > all wannabes on youtube

  • @PebbleStudio
    @PebbleStudio 12 лет назад

    These videos were edited and strucured by PSL Learn more by searching jack comparative mythology

  • @Vurti0
    @Vurti0 8 месяцев назад

    I watched this a long time ago and had to see it again after i finished watching MCU Loki season 2. Spoiler alert! Loki('s) both destroyed and recreated the multiverse. The series really stayed true to the Mythology of the Trickster. What an ending

    • @Shwatso
      @Shwatso 4 месяца назад +1

      in the ojibwe odawa and potawatomi they have a trickster called nanabozho and he comes from the wind on his paternal side just like loki. except for nanabozho its one of the four winds.. the west wind or bgeshmok got a woman pregnant and nanabozho was said to be a giant who lived before the flood

  • @WiqedWhiteGorilla
    @WiqedWhiteGorilla 10 лет назад +3

    bat-mite, mr mxyzptlk, Larry, the impossible man and puck from gargoyles rush to the mind

    • @saemushailstorm3135
      @saemushailstorm3135 6 лет назад

      contemporary characterizations , contrasting to their counterparts

  • @mitchellcavanagh1154
    @mitchellcavanagh1154 6 лет назад +1

    can anybody think of "trickster Hero" characters in popular films? im struggling to conceptualise

    • @theJBXP
      @theJBXP 5 лет назад +1

      I think Han Solo from Star Wars might be a good example; plays both the good and bad sides (Han shot first), utilizes cunning as opposed to strength, hard to pin down his allegiances. In the end, he's on the side of righteousness. I'm speaking of the original movies here btw. Another example could be Gollum from Lord of the Rings. Sleezy, dark, demented, rising up from underground, but personality is split between who he was before corruption, and his corrupt self. He would kill at the drop of the hat, but also proves to be quite useful. Tricking the hobbits into becoming Shelob's food source, but, :::spoiler alert::: is the reason that the ring is ultimately destroyed. Mary Poppins (original movie) is a heroic trickster character as well (who also works as a great post-Assumption Marian allegory). There are may, but these come to mind straight away.

    • @rick.bernal
      @rick.bernal 5 лет назад +3

      Captain Jack Sparrow.

    • @Blvchmist8
      @Blvchmist8 5 лет назад +1

      Definitely the joker!! 🃏

    • @NeterRafi77
      @NeterRafi77 3 года назад +1

      Loki, Deadpool, Harley Quinn, Plastic Man, Spiderman, Anansi the spider god, Starlord, and nightcrawler from the Xmen

    • @NeterRafi77
      @NeterRafi77 3 года назад

      @@Blvchmist8 the Joker is a villain, never a hero

  • @sliceofbread29yrago52
    @sliceofbread29yrago52 7 лет назад +3

    The Ego.

  • @fingerprint5511
    @fingerprint5511 5 лет назад +17

    Great Flood = emotional cleansing of trauma wounds.
    No goddamned boat.
    The vessel is the body.

    • @SavageHenry777
      @SavageHenry777 3 года назад

      The Sumerian myth very likely is describing a real and catastrophic, albeit local, flood, which some dude could have survived in a large coracle with part of his herd and become legendary. Hard to say but there is some evidence for the disastrous flood of shurrapach.

    • @SheikhN-bible-syndrome
      @SheikhN-bible-syndrome 3 года назад +1

      The boat in the flood story represents the mind of man . this is why he has 2 of every animal because animals represent emotions so he has the good and the bad the opposites/male and female for the positive and negative or however you want to look at it.
      So he has the total package without defilement/sin

    • @gonein1982
      @gonein1982 2 года назад

      They found the Ark !
      Now look where they found it👀

  • @XenoSeid
    @XenoSeid Год назад

    The original “literally me” character.

  • @RobinBreeds1
    @RobinBreeds1 12 лет назад +4

    Fool or Wise-man

    • @jadissx
      @jadissx 3 года назад

      "every wise-man knows he's foolish"

  • @kaurikallio4668
    @kaurikallio4668 23 дня назад

    why doesn nobody still understand in my country that the flood myth is also our creation myth... the diver myth it's all over the urals and even the balkans. but it is indeed the same myth as the mespotamian creation myth /flood myth/noah's ark

  • @PebbleStudio
    @PebbleStudio 12 лет назад

    jack adams comparative mythology daikoku research akane takayama human rights tv any search will do

  • @bingo1232
    @bingo1232 Год назад

    I am Raven-Hared. My delight is to sit on this Sunday afternoon in a running position as devil & angel… as you pick, but don’t discount me. Break through the limitation of mind & society; break thru the notion of what a deity ought (OUGHT) to be. As you know, the limitations we know are the limitations we make to keep ourselves in the corral, the enclosure that keeps the wolf from the door, even if (and when) the wolf is us. Yahweh, you old dispenser of tricks. Old Man led me down a dimly-lit hall into an atrium of dazzling light, make peace with night, be a knight who slays a dragon so that all may be untied, untried, and found: not guilty.

  • @deanmccrorie3461
    @deanmccrorie3461 3 года назад +1

    Alan Watts is like Joseph Campbell but cooler

  • @deansmith4928
    @deansmith4928 3 года назад

    Of course jahweh openly said he was disrupting mans ascent to heaven as they were not worthy.

  • @francesbernard2445
    @francesbernard2445 11 месяцев назад

    A trickster is willing to for awhile pretend to throw their own young one under the bus. While everyone is telling him to grow up or gossiping about him behind his back about what a lunatic he is.

  • @CurveLearningNatures
    @CurveLearningNatures 7 лет назад

    such important foundational memories

  • @Gizaalkemy
    @Gizaalkemy 3 года назад

    uhhh...if he is referring to the tower of babel God did NOT flood the world to stop the building of the tower. He divided everyone tongue from Hebrew to every language that we have today. He had already flooded the world before that and said fire next time. That's what the promise behind the rainbow is.

  • @TheGeneralGrievous19
    @TheGeneralGrievous19 3 года назад

    1:53 Mr. Campbell is very mistaken here. Yahweh is not a trickster at all. He is the source of all rules governing reality and do not owe humanity anything. How on Earth he disrupts the order if He is only refrence of that order? How on Earth he is a devil or a fool if He is considered Goodness and Wisdom itself (and therfore their source)? According to Judaism and Christianity evil means basically doing something against God. God cannot go against Himself, it is illogical and contradictory.
    Yahweh is understood not as some god who is part of the reality and starts to mingle with it and trick humans but the very source of it all and other than all. God may seem 'trickstery' only from our point of view because He is above morality itself. Theoretically He could kill all humans by a flood and would do no offence. Because whom He could offend? He is the one who gives life and has all right to take it away. Morality aplies to beings that can fall short of ideals. God is Being itself, Goodness itself.
    The example He uses is absurd. It is other way around. The Tower of Babel is actually the symbol of going against the order, against program. It is a symbol of rebellion against God. And it has nothing to do with flood.
    Many mythologists and philosophers of religion fall to a trap of regarding Abrahamaic monotheism on the same level as all other politheistic or animistic myths and try use descriptions applicable to chief gods, tricksters, heroes or whatever. We should understand that Abrahamaic monotheism is completly diffrent idea in regards of nature of God and gods, wheter we accept them as true or not. Yahweh is not comperable to spefific, antropomorphic gods of mythology. If we are looking for something refrencing God in politheism then this are those primal and forgotten creator gods like Neith in Egypt or Great Spirits in animism like Wakan Tanka in native America.
    "Then the Lord said to him, “Who has made man’s mouth? Who makes him dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? Is it not I, the Lord?" ~ Exodus 4:11
    "Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind:
    “Gird up your loins like a man; I will question you, and you declare to me.
    Will you even put me in the wrong?
    Will you condemn me that you may be justified?
    Have you an arm like God, and can you thunder with a voice like his?" ~ Job 40:6-9.

  • @allinthemind2006
    @allinthemind2006 3 года назад +1

    Trump comes to mind when listening to this. What a great example of a trixter. The foolish fool and the great fool at the same time.

    • @lindaj5492
      @lindaj5492 2 года назад

      Nah, Trump’s not intelligent enough to be a trickster. He’s just a thuggish bully.

    • @allinthemind2006
      @allinthemind2006 2 года назад

      @@lindaj5492 thats what the programing says to you. You see the foolish fool. The other half of the world sees the great fool. Paradoxical

  • @troesler81
    @troesler81 7 лет назад

    Some one get this guy a copy of the script..

  • @pearltears8039
    @pearltears8039 3 года назад

    But its NOT Yahweh that is doing the tricking....ITS THE ANGEL that comes in his Name that is acting as if he is Yahweh.....in the English translation they call them different titles...a few are Jehovah of Armies, The Sovereign lord Jehovah, but NOTICE THE SPELLING JE......thats because its backwards from YAWH.....................................but in ISAIAH 12:2 It says JAH JEHOVAH....Search for JAH and listen to the things he says....NOTICE THE SPELLING OF .......HALLELUJAH....it means praise Jah

  • @themorningstar2012
    @themorningstar2012 12 лет назад +1

    Jacob from the Bible is a Trickster...

    • @themorningstar2012
      @themorningstar2012 3 года назад

      @Cheekymonkey so are you implying that Trump is ordained by God? Sorry please elaborate I posted this 8 years ago.

  • @Eli_pl4yz
    @Eli_pl4yz 3 года назад

    0:23 start

  • @darwin9259
    @darwin9259 3 года назад

    Idk but p5 lead me here

  • @bible360outreach2
    @bible360outreach2 7 лет назад +3

    God is not a trickster. If you believe that, you are foolish and you do not know the Word of God for yourself. Joseph Campbell is referring to story of the Tower of Babel. You can find this story in Genesis 11:6-7. Anywho...On the surface, the story of the Tower of Babel offers an explanation for the many different languages spoken on earth. But there is much more to the story.
    In ancient times, people thought the heavens were not far above the earth. If only they could build a tower to the sky, they could climb up and be like gods themselves. Mankind had once again lost sight of God and become arrogant and self-sufficient. God, of course, saw this as pure arrogance. He put an end to the people's delusions of being powerful and important like gods.
    We may be tempted to think we no longer need to trust and obey God. We may believe our learning, sophistication, and technology are all we need to be self-sufficient and guarantee our security. The lesson of the Tower of Babel is that such self-sufficiency is a delusion. History has shown that many nations and their leaders have fallen into the trap of arrogance and self-sufficiency. Like Babel, those nations have eventually ended up in ruins. #KnowTheWordForYourself
    The Bible says, "God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” - James 4:6

  • @dafflad1
    @dafflad1 3 года назад

    Prophet

  • @RedSpiralHandTV
    @RedSpiralHandTV 10 лет назад

    Hmmmmm...

  • @srglepore
    @srglepore 9 лет назад

    It makes sense that Yawah does a cleaning up like what builders do via laying down a foundation for a new building. Also it can be an expression of what the body does to invaders within, if your body spares the germ causing it sickness it will die. There can be a subconscious reckoning of such invisible things to be expressed in the myth. Christian thinking demonstrates that the journey thru the wilderness of the Israelites is a symbol of the individual Christian walk...

  • @alterego9932
    @alterego9932 3 года назад +1

    Heyoka

  • @michaeldeo5068
    @michaeldeo5068 4 года назад +2

    What nonsense! Yahweh does not fear man, nor is He a "trickster."
    Now the whole earth had one language and the same words..they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens, and LET US MAKE A NAME FOR OURSELVES, lest we be dispersed over the face of the whole earth.” ... Yahweh said, “Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language, .And this is what they began to do and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. Come, let us go down and there confuse their language, so that they may not understand one another’s speech.” So Yahweh dispersed them from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city.
    This has been the goal of evil men throughout history, to create a one world authority, to rule over everyone and at it's head is the adversary, the first rebel, trying to get people to worship him instead of Yahweh. Only under the authority of Yahweh, the source of existence will mankind know peace, wholeness, unity. We were made to reflect his image, and make his name known, his authority, power and will. That was the problem here. The people rejected the name of Yahweh. They rejected the Father, the Creator and were trying to create a false family authority. Inventing another name to call themselves.
    The flood was not a "ridicules act."
    Yahweh saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil
    continually.
    In both of these accounts, the people was going against the purpose they were made for and doing that which was not profitable. In both accounts, that evil called for Yahweh to act, to judge the people and put them on a correct path.
    Shalom/Peace

    • @hindujon6903
      @hindujon6903 4 года назад +2

      It's myth

    • @michaeldeo5068
      @michaeldeo5068 4 года назад

      @@hindujon6903
      There are many Myths but not the Biblical account, it proves itself to be the truth.
      Today we have a Myth masquerading as science. The myth that, unthinking energy/matter can cause the reality we experience. That the expanding universe we have very little understanding about, can come about by unguided energy/matter which accidentally just happening to cause the uniformity and reliability, in the universe and our consciousness's to be able to experience it. This unguided, mindless process by forces that somehow doesn't need a first cause yet is still able unguided to cause life from non-life and design with out having any Self-awareness and self determination.
      What a fairy tale.

    • @hindujon6903
      @hindujon6903 4 года назад

      @@michaeldeo5068 What in it proves itself "truth"? It shares virtually all the makings of one and wasn't close to being the first. Yahweh is just the Jewish version. Myth masquerading as "science"? Science has brought us germ theory and antibiotics while religion brought us exorcism and blood/magic for the treatment of certain conditions. Not having much of an understanding of the universe at this point when we just discovered numerous new things about our observable reality just in the past 200 years should be expected. What we have learned is nothing to scoff about, especially in comparison to the people from the iron/bronze age who were making up things through myths to describe the world around them. Before we understood lightning many cultures thought the gods were responsible. Natural disasters were the form of the gods being angry. Just because something doesn't appear to have a cause or we don't quite fully know what it is doesn't mean you can just throw god in there until we find the cause. That's called the god of the gaps.
      We don't know about a first cause but just because we currently lack a lot of this understanding is not rational to just say "god did it". Which God? Just because you have all these assumptions and questions you aren't finding an answer to doesn't mean it's the ancient storm and warrior God of the Hebrews. That's pretty silly. Also by replacing God for the answer isn't answering anything. Why doesn't this God have a cause and what's it made out of? What made it? If you have the answers to these questions I'd love to hear them, if you don't and just have a book telling you so, you're in the same boat of needing answers to these giant questions and you're just filling in the term God for it to satisfy this emotional need for meaning I suppose.

    • @michaeldeo5068
      @michaeldeo5068 4 года назад

      ​@@hindujon6903
      What in it proves itself "truth"?
      Everything, from the Creation, and the first cause, to why we have moral laws, the transcendentals, the laws of Thought/logic the source of Objective reality, why the creation is reliable, why the laws of physics/nature, Human behavior etc, the list is too long.
      "It shares virtually all the makings of one and wasn't close to being the first. Yahweh is just the Jewish version. "
      I disagree. The word "Jewish" or Jew, came along later in History with the Tribe of Judah/Yahudah.
      The teachings of Yahweh go back to Adam and Eve the first two people. The written language did not come about until later. We see echos of this beginning, in the languages of the world in the words used for the 7th day rest, the Sabbath.
      Just because the evidence has seemed to point to other languages being older does not mean that is the case. In fact new evidence points to the Hebrew Alphabet being the oldest. Please also see, the Patterns of Evidence Movies which shows this by pointing out the error in Egyptian chronology.
      "Myth masquerading as "science"? Science has brought us germ theory and antibiotics while religion brought us exorcism and blood/magic for the treatment of certain conditions."
      Actually the Bible taught about clean and unclean long before modern medical science caught up.
      The Bible also taught running water cleans. Medical science for a long time used stagnant water in a bowl to clean hands before operating, and many people died. Many people have died through the centuries, however, because doctors ignored the biblical rules. Finally, when doctors read and tried these guidelines, they quickly discovered how to prevent the spread of germs. The Bible also give us sound dietary laws, that medical science is only now coming to understand. Did you know two unclean creatures the bat and the pig were responsible for the Sars Virus? The list is long on the out breaks caused by not observing the Biblical teachings on clean and unclean. As far as exorcism, that was for the procession by demons and I hope you never run into someone who is. The Bible does not teach blood magic, or any forms of magic, the Bible teaches Magic is forbidden. The Bible teaches bu us many things but the emphasis is on trust, faith that the Creator knows based about the rate for knowledge to be given and when we as a race are mature enough to use it wisely. For all modern science has given, the destructive inventions have more than tipped the scales. We now have the means to destroy life on a massive scale. We have created a dependency on tech. that most likely will be used to control people in ways never possible before. We have people doing experiments that have the potential to unleash forces and bio weapons that could kill who knows how much of life on earth. It is not a question of will it happen but when will it happen. For all the communication we have, most people don't talk to each other as much as they used to. The media is used for propaganda, the entertainment is pure brain washing and the schools teach the religion of naturalism and scientism. The popular feeling of the day is so loud it drown out the facts.
      People actually think they can become the opposite gender, and that killing the unborn is a women's right even up to and after birth!
      "Not having much of an understanding of the universe at this point when we just discovered numerous new things about our observable reality just in the past 200 years should be expected."
      What we have discovered is that the debate is over, the universe had a beginning and therefore had a cause. Hence the need to create the myth of a multiverse. That is not science!
      "What we have learned is nothing to scoff about, especially in comparison to the people from the iron/bronze age who were making up things through myths to describe the world around them. Before we understood lightning many cultures thought the gods were responsible."
      Yes, and the Bible does say that knowledge shall increase in the last days. Yet, you have misrepresented what the Bible did teach, that science has only now learned, which is, the universe had a beginning, a cause and that it stretches out, it is expanding. The Bible taught that a long time ago. The Bible teaches Yahweh created the forces of nature. The Pagan religions taught gods caused lightning bolts by fashioning them and throwing them. You cannot use the tactic of guilt by association, because you view all religions as the same.
      " Natural disasters were the form of the gods being angry. Just because something doesn't appear to have a cause or we don't quite fully know what it is doesn't mean you can just throw god in there until we find the cause. That's called the god of the gaps.
      The Atheist cannot through scientism, throw in assumptions and call that science!
      Nor can the unbeliever uses the naturalism of the gaps argument to fill in anything that suggest the Creator. Why? Because that fails miserable and leads to absurdity. Do you really want to have that discussion?
      "We don't know about a first cause but just because we currently lack a lot of this understanding is not rational to just say "god did it". Which God? "
      It is rational to conclude from the evidence of the creation, the Creator.
      From the first cause, the Creator!
      The Non-self awareness, non-self-determination of nature itself cannot cause anything and that is the state of matter/energy unless it is acted upon.
      Which Mighty One/Theos?
      The Biblical One is set apart from all the rest that people have believed in. The Name Yahweh was even removed from the Text ( in violation of Biblical law ). The Great I AM that I AM, The One who causes all to exist, and is the Source of Existence. The Mighty One of the Bible is the only one said to have made Himself known to a whole nation at once. The word of Yahweh tells us the origins of man and our destiny. How we are to live and the problems caused by rebellion. It shows us the True Creator, The One who deals with sin differently than all the false idols created by the pagans in that all these teach a person can earn Salvation! The Bible teaches Salvation is by grace through faith.
      If you ever look at a map, Israel is at the center of the World. All trade in the ancient world passed through it making it the perfect place to cause the Good News of the Messiah, to go out into the world. There is so much more, why Yahweh is the True Mighty One, The Creator and the Source, the ultimate reality.
      Part 1
      to be continued...

    • @michaeldeo5068
      @michaeldeo5068 4 года назад

      @@hindujon6903
      Part 2
      "Just because you have all these assumptions and questions you aren't finding an answer to doesn't mean it's the ancient storm and warrior God of the Hebrews."
      Misleading statement. The Mighty One of the Hebrews, Yahweh is called the Creator of the Heavens and the Earth, the very Source of Life itself! Why does that which has been told from the beginning seem to you to be less true today?
      Did your great, great, grand parents know more about your family beginnings than you? I'll bet they did!
      "... Also by replacing God for the answer isn't answering anything. "
      Actually it is! It is the only logical and possible answer there could be. It is replacing the Creator, the Supreme Being with anything else that can never serve as the answer, and leads to absurdity!
      Why is there a creation? Because there is a Creator!
      Now try this. Why is there a creation, because of more creation, which just leads to an endless infinite regress.
      Or if you like in your worldview, why is there nature, because of more nature........infinite regress.
      "Why doesn't this God have a cause and what's it made out of? What made it? If you have the answers to these questions I'd love to hear them, "
      The Answer is the Supreme Being is the ultimate Reality. The Source of existence!
      Not made of, IS! Existence/Life itself, Self awareness and self-determination. Supreme Beingness. This is Spirit.
      We can relate, because we are made in this image, we have a Spirit. We have self-awareness and self-determination
      That is about the best I can do, considering you want me to explain ultimate reality as if I could take the Source, the most unique fundamental Truth and put Him under a microscope.
      Try relating to the non-self awareness and non-self determination of nature if it was possible for it to be the ultimate reality!
      We certainly would not be made in its image, we would be more like an abnormality, an accident, perhaps even a cancer.
      "if you don't and just have a book telling you so, you're in the same boat of needing answers to these giant questions and you're just filling in the term God for it to satisfy this emotional need for meaning I suppose.
      "
      Actually I'm not, and the word "God," is not even in the oldest text, not in the Hebrew or the Greek.
      The name Yahweh was given to us by the Supreme Being to tell us who He is. He is the One who causes all that begins to exit. He is the source of Life! He is the One who is existence itself! As far as filling an emotional need, absolutely, and an intellectual need, and a Spiritual One. There is a connection, a relationship, that our Self-awareness is grounded in. There is intrinsic meaning to created life!
      The nihilistic worldview that Atheism leads to holds nothing for the rational mind or the emotional Being of Man!
      Do you believe in Hinduism and are you atheistic?
      Shalom/Peace

  • @kidneystonermusic
    @kidneystonermusic 3 года назад +1

    My jesters 👽👅👀

    • @ruready2343
      @ruready2343 3 года назад

      ruclips.net/video/rPTup-OJtec/видео.html

  • @Misserbi
    @Misserbi 11 месяцев назад

    When I studied Native American mythology I was told by my professor Jesus Christ is an example of a trickster because he fools the Muslims into believing in the Devil and he stands in as the answer to that query. Is it not strange God and the Devil take on the same qualities and a human being is the symbol of salvation or the path to Paradise?

    • @samig.3548
      @samig.3548 17 дней назад

      How can that be when Muslims revere Jesus and curse the devil

  • @DearHumanity48
    @DearHumanity48 2 года назад

    Heh. Only a Devil and a Fool could create the world!

  • @RasberrySkittle
    @RasberrySkittle 4 года назад +1

    So Lucifer isn't the trickster of Christianity? God himself is? What does that make Satan?

    • @dannyboyakadandaman504furl9
      @dannyboyakadandaman504furl9 4 года назад

      Adversary in Hebrew is SATAN but, Trickster were never meant to be Evil they are not devil's the are the balance between both good and evil..

    • @dannyboyakadandaman504furl9
      @dannyboyakadandaman504furl9 4 года назад

      Lucifer was cast out because he tried to enforce his godliness through pride and ego.. Tricksters have both but, never go between the balance they serve as lessons ! Luficer never wanted to each any lesson Hinse his fall. Trickster will often learn from mistakes to serve for betterment..

    • @RasberrySkittle
      @RasberrySkittle 4 года назад +2

      @@dannyboyakadandaman504furl9 He did tempt Eve to eat the fruit from the tree of knowledge and become wise. Without this basic self awareness that separates us from other animals, there wouldn't be any lessons to learn. So in a way all lessons came from Satan in the hebrew mythos. Besides, God always uses Satan and sin as an example to follow his doctrine, so there too Satan is the teacher by antithesis. And he is called Lucifer, the bringer of Light (knowledge).
      I think Satan was actually more of a good guy than Yehova gives him credit for. Lucifer has always wanted to free Man from the curse that Yehova cast upon him and from the false teachings of sin which prohibit pleasure. In the Nag Hammadi it is revealed that Yehova is a darkened god who could never reach the goodness of his mother, and so by his existence he brought about all the worlds imperfections. Maybe Lucifer wanted to free the world from Yehovas tyranny and that is why he rebelled. And now, as a result, he took upon him the reputation of the scourge of the earth, occationally disrupting the tyranny with his chaos. The ultimate trickster.

    • @dannyboyakadandaman504furl9
      @dannyboyakadandaman504furl9 4 года назад

      @@RasberrySkittle actually Lucifer wasn't the serpent in the bible. I was another deity that did even ancient cultures txt back this claim.

    • @RasberrySkittle
      @RasberrySkittle 4 года назад

      @@dannyboyakadandaman504furl9 You seem to be right. But the serpent was a symbol for temptation. So is the devil. And temptation is close to synonimous with evil under christianity/judaism. It means disobeying, often for your own gain. That sort of sin has been condemned as Satans influence. So if the serpent was a trickster I would place Satan as that also because of the similarities.

  • @teamcrumb
    @teamcrumb 7 лет назад +1

    baby buddha stole the ghee

  • @EVEDITION
    @EVEDITION Год назад

    Hermes

  • @aareavis
    @aareavis 4 года назад +1

    Jesus is definitely a trickster God. Everybody was trying to trick him but he always got out of it. He calls things that are not as though they are. He is more Loki than Thor or Odin.

  • @NeterRafi77
    @NeterRafi77 3 года назад

    So yahve is a trickster??????

    • @ruready2343
      @ruready2343 3 года назад

      ruclips.net/video/F_Bkct-OMyA/видео.html

  • @ahmadabdolkhani5888
    @ahmadabdolkhani5888 2 года назад

    عمو نوروز

  • @kevinclary1522
    @kevinclary1522 Год назад

    The Devil...The fool...and "The Creator"

  • @AutumnDamiana
    @AutumnDamiana 10 лет назад +29

    Hell yeah, Yahweh as a trickster! That makes him a much more interesting deity. I mostly think of Yahweh as a serious, jealous, moody, and kind-of dickish god.

    • @alanfalleur6550
      @alanfalleur6550 9 лет назад

      And violent, unpredictable. He tries to kill Moses in an inn (Exodus 4:24) but he leaves Moses alone after what the wife Zipporah does to their son with a sharp stone. I would not mess with Zipporah!

    • @getsmart8560
      @getsmart8560 9 лет назад

      Same thing, why did you need to defame probably the most important religion ever INVENTED

    • @davidjoshua1075
      @davidjoshua1075 9 лет назад

      Autumn Damiana I'm sure that serves you well :) Good luck with that thought lol

    • @oceandrainer
      @oceandrainer 9 лет назад

      Totally. Also, the Gnostics considered Jehovah as the demiurge, an interloper or even a demon.

    • @alanfalleur6550
      @alanfalleur6550 9 лет назад

      ***** I've never heard of that channel. I think we're referencing Yahweh from the Hebrew Bible. It's all there.

  • @jojomojojones
    @jojomojojones 3 года назад

    The cruel teacher

  • @mr.pradorobledo
    @mr.pradorobledo 3 года назад

    3M XIV 3M | V3 ONE WAY.. V3 T&T; HT, NY'E. #NJ

  • @T0k1r1
    @T0k1r1 6 лет назад

    Who came here because of persona 5?

    • @stephstanbro
      @stephstanbro 2 года назад

      What’s that?

    • @T0k1r1
      @T0k1r1 2 года назад

      @@stephstanbro It's a game series. 5 uses the Trickster theme.

  • @ronreaper9462
    @ronreaper9462 3 года назад

    is that mike tyson 😅😅

  • @EchoReigns8
    @EchoReigns8 3 года назад +2

    i'm convinced he said absolutely nothing useful! It was all stories. It never circled back to how it relates to the world

    • @drabtrash
      @drabtrash 3 года назад +1

      well, that part is up to you. it is these stories that lead each of us to begin to determine where it's at. i believe that it all relates to water, earth and life there within. That my friend, is the only conclusion. be aware of your environment and do your best to preserve and use it wisely for those who will follow.