Cardiovascular System | Summary
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- Опубликовано: 27 июл 2024
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The pulmonary circulation pumps deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart out through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs and returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.
The systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart out through the aorta (the biggest artery in the body) and delivers oxygen to all body organs. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart.
The heart contains valves to prevent backflow. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles and prevent backflow when the ventricles contract. The semilunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary trunk prevent backflow into the ventricles during diastole.
The electrical activity of the heart includes a series of autorhythmic pacemaker cells. The sinoatrial node (SA) node, the AV node, the Bundle of His, the bundle branches, and the purkinje fibers pass the electrical signal along, which depolarizes the atria and then the ventricles. In an electrocardiogram, the P wave represents atrial depolarization, the QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, and the T wave represents ventricular REpolarization.
Blood - formed elements include erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets). RBCs carry oxygen to tissues. Each RBC is flexible and light - it doesn't have a nucleus. RBCs are packed with an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin that binds oxygen.
Leukocytes fight infection, and are able to leave the blood vessel to enter infected tissues. Thrombocytes clump together to form part of a blood clot (only when stimulated).
Plasma contains clotting factors that can stimulate the thrombocytes to clump together. Plasma is mostly water, but also contains antibodies, hormones, nutrients, transport proteins, and electrolytes.
Arteries are the biggest and strongest of the vessels, under high pressure and needing a lot of muscle to withstand all that pressure. Arterioles are small but have thick smooth muscle and are the best at constriction and dilation to control blood flow (and in so doing they have the biggest impact on blood pressure of all the blood vessels). Capillaries are microscopic and designed for exchange. Veins return blood to the heart, and are so low in pressure they have to have valves to prevent backflow.
All blood vessels are lined with endothelial cells. These simple squamous epithelial cells are flat, and allow for easy diffusion of nutrients through the cell membrane of capillaries. Unlike the other vessels, capillaries lack smooth muscle, so exchange is perfect here. 
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I wish I could have you as my teacher. I'm refreshing to take the entrance test for nursing school. You make it really easy to understand. I find I like learning about the heart more than anything.
Wow I’m amazed at the way you demonstrated the cardiovascular system! Thanks a lot!
I finally see the big picture! You rock at explaining things! Thank you!!!
You are such a GEM! I am actually able to conceptualize what my professor is trying to teach. I would be lost without your videos. Thank you!
This is such a good timing Prof.Susan. My anatomy class is just going over Cardiovascular system 😆. Much appreciated 🙏🏽
You are amazing at breaking things down... thank you so very much!!! I needed this
Very good explanation regarding the pulmonary and systemic circulation of blood, conduction of of heart(pace maker system). Easy to understand. I have seen most of your videos. I really enjoy watching them. Tks for sharing.
You were my favorite teacher at SVC!
Thank you soooo much for these videos!! They are extremely helpful!
Your videos are the best. Thank you!
You are good in explaining. God bless your heart and talents.
Took a&p couldn't understand the heart even failed the lab pratical. Watch this and finally understand but passed a&p 2 with an 86. I am studying this for my TEAS test.
Thank you Sussana. Great art work, great explanation
Now the heart is so easy❤😂 .... Super explanation sis❤
Thanks so much for making these awesome videos!
Thanks a lot for all the videos of this series. Wonderful teaching...
You are amazing at explaining,thank you so much!
Wow, you really are a great teacher.
Your videos are like icing on the cake for me, before I start research and readings. Thank you!💕
thank you. makes it easier to conceptionalise
Thank u for such a wonderful explanation 🤗
u r goood at explaining things conceptually🙏😊
Thanks Mam. Your lectures has really informative and easy way to learn
Thank you for your videos. They are really good and helpful.
You're great at explaining this
OMg there is no one like you that you explain so easy to understand thank you
Wow the best video I’ve seen thank you so much
Thank You for this awesome video
I finally understand thank you you so much , you did a good job.
excellent! you made it so simple
Your notes and explanation is something another level maa’m.TYSM for making CVS TOO EASY!😭💕📒
Thank You!💛
Thanks for excellent feedback on cardiovascular system, good wishes 07/01/2020
the best explanation!!thank u very much!!!
You are awesome! Thank you!
Great video thank you!! ♥️
Thank you! 💚
Thank you for the excellent work, it is appreciated, God bless you(and your 9 year old, and the kitty kat and doggie, too!)🙏😊
Next the urinary tract.
Can we see the urinary tract.
Love it!
Thanks dr very educative summary 20/01/2020
Thank you.
great video maam,,,thanks for sharing for clear explaination
Many thanks 🤍!
Thank you. Love you💙🤗
Excellent 🤗
When human beings exercise, what exactly cause pulmonary arterioles to dilate ? is it due to sympathetic stimulation during exercise?
New subscriber here! Lpbe the details and visual
You soo good 😢
Susan
You are really Great!!! how long it took you to be like this???
Very good.
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Get leaked questions and answers for your upcoming exam
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Susanna, im studying to finish my R.N., I'm a 9 year stroke survivor, i lost my left side. I can't write well so that's why I do everything online!i'm hoping to maybe have you send your notes? if possible?
2:00 doesnt constriction cause higher blood flow and dilation cause lower? Wouldn’t the arterioles be dilated when rested and constricted while exercising?
Dr excellent way of demonstration and explanation what a great feedback on circulating system you have provided in such a simple and easy to understand mode, lots of thanks and good wishes wish you a very happy new year although bit late, offer my compliments 07/01/2020
thank you very much mam....please come back and make videos,thanks a lot mam....I hope you are doing good!❤
Everytime I watch your videos I pass my test. I draw and write everything out
I'S GETING CLEARER, thanks. I'm experiencing dyspnea despite a 24/7 peak flow of 7-800. My breathing is short, ragged and rapid which makes me suspect some where along the line my heart is not providing sufficent oxygenaed. Any thoughs?. thanks and love
I bet all of you have a mock exam tomorrow.
btw, thank you verryyy much
Woow you explained that the best now it makes more sense to me thanks keep up the good work this is your calling
U the best !!
cant thank you enough
This got recommended to me after my exam went horrendously 😭😭😭💔💔💔💔💔💔💔💔💔💔
Thank you for video! I just have one question, I’ve gotten the question of where gas exchange occurs and have seen that the answer was in the alveoli. I was wondering if you could clarify whether it’s in the alveoli or pulmonary capillaries? Thank you very much!
I think alveoli is like an organ / one of the parts of lungs and capillaries are one of the blood vessel so if the question ask which “organ “ helps exchange the air then you gotta choose the alveoli, the lung. Same thing if the question ask where does the air exchange occur in blood vessel then you need to say or pick capillaries to your answer. And yes they both works as air exchange but capillaries also exchange nutrients as well.
That’s just my opinion, not sure though😅
Based on Susanna's other videos that I have watched, when you inhale, the gas goes from trachea -> primary bronchi -> tertiary bronchi-> bronchioles-> alveoli (which is a lot of cells spreading all over the surface) and right next to it is a layer of capillaries. The alveoli send oxygen into the blood at this site (facilitate simple diffusion for gas exchange) and at the same time, CO2 return to the alveoli (exhale) and go out of the body.
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WOW.
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I watched this and I still don’t get it :(
It's not you.
hello.
plz reply to me
Thank you.