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Secrets of the Piri Reis Map
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- Опубликовано: 30 ноя 2021
- Does the Piri Reis Map show evidence of the knowledge of Antarctica before it was discovered? Is Charles Hapgood, author of Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings correct that this medieval map indicates the existence of a lost civilization before the last ice age? This video looks into these questions.
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More on Piri Reis:
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More on the Piri Reis Map:
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Translation of the notes on the Piri Reis Map:
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On Portolan charts:
gallery.lib.um...
On the past climate of Antarctica:
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www.imperial.a...
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Everyone is missing the point at the end. The tales of "large snakes" that scared the Portugese infidels are obviously about Anacondas and Boa Constrictors.
They can obviously be found in Brazil as well as Argentina (at least anacondas are native there). Plus, the Portugese calling it a very hot waste and in ruins leads me to believe they were describing the jungle. You can easily make out some geographical features of Argentina as well. BTW, this is the first time I've seen someone actually translate the words on the map. THANK YOU.
I don't think you can find anacondas in southern Brazil or The coast of Argentina. And at this time, the explorers had not gone more than 100km inland anywhere in South America. The largest snake I ever saw here in southern Brazil was 1 and a half meter in lenght at most
There are several comparisons of the Map with the south American coast.
Some compared it going as south as Ushuaia and claiming some islands in that tip are the Falklands.
Others put it much to the north.
Some say Rio de Janeiro and Cabo Frio are on the map as kav Fryio and Sano Saneyro. As I can't read old Turkish, I have no idea
@@rogeriopenna9014 maybe the portuguese explorers were talking about jiboias and not sucuris (anacondas).The former were natural to Mata Atlântica and were big by european standards .
@@rogeriopenna9014
The Antarticonda: Let me introduce myself!
@@rogeriopenna9014 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_anaconda
Huge snakes and hot climate are only found in northern areas. I found it hard to believe that they've mistaken the Amazon with Antartica. Also, the portuguese didn't have enough information about the coast line of Brazil prior 1530. I consider this map being still a mistery, which is different from saying it was made based on acient civilizations maps. This vid is good but it fails in recognising that there's a gap on modern knowledge about it and further research are needed
Also of note: any ships sailing through the bosphous had to surrender any charts for inspection before passing through, meaning the ottomans always had up to date information from often competing European states that may not have shared information with each other.
Same way how the library of Alexandria got so many scrolls, when arriving in the port each ship had to give away all their knowledge for them to copy and then they gave back the copies they made
Not so many people wanted to sail to the black sea though
@@arturhashmi6281 The Ottomans had a thriving slave trade in the Black Sea area from 1450 to 1700 BCE.
Also note of: it’s called Bosphorus….. I mean I could be wrong since English is not my mother tongue but somehow I feel that you meant Bosphorus as you wrote “bosphous”
Don’t get my wrong even I’m a bit sarcastic but to make fun about someone who is just trying to see history from a different point of view is not really a behavior taken as a good example…. Even the person you make fun of is completely wrong…. just saying….
@@arturhashmi6281 Not so many... wait what? Says who? The Black Sea has a lot of trade, including the Danube, the Don and the Dnepr rivers. And ship transport was still safer, faster and allowed more cargo, than any other means of transport until the railway came up.
Maybe _explorers_ wouldn't sail there, but traders certainly would.
Super cool you picked my question on your voicemail and thank you for making such a great video about it!! 🙏
The Graham Hancock types always talk about this map and say it's based on much older maps but they never get specific. So glad this topic got covered and you dug into his sources. Keep it up.
there is a wellknown clasifcation for Hancock's and Co: Fraudes, Conmen, Snakeoil Salesmen. ( oh that is three in one go) He has quite a few theories floating around for which he never gives evidence that stands uo to scientific scruteny.
Yes and then he makes the claim that academia doesn't take his theories seriously and just criticizes them. Criticism is how academia works Graham.
@@michaelburbidge5835 even criticizing his idea's as already too much taking him seriously
Getting attention from serious science only strengtens his claim he is at the same level as serious science.
How many scientist take the magical science of Harry Potter serieus? Not much and those books are better written.
graham hancock = unsubstantiated nonsense
Lol you should try to read his book where he does give evidence to support the age of the map.
"Reis" means roughly "Capitain" or "Commodor," and is an Ottoman title. "Reis" wasn't his name but his title. Another feature of the map is that the coast lines become "fiddly" in areas of limited or non-existent information about the coast line.
Wtf does fiddly mean? And why quote it like it's it's real word
Is the Sudan basin visible on map
@@ieatleftytears1953 It means "inaccurate". And it is a real word.
@@rcrawford42
🤣😂🤣😂🤣😮💨😴
Any relation to the Portuguese word "reis" meaning kings?
It's also a fairly commun Portuguese name - Reis
This episode was amazing. Having access to old Turkish (which is something i had fun learning) opens so many doors its so wonderful. so many antique books to read and gravures to look at. ive got a couple exact copies of books of cartography made by katip çelebi in the book müntehabı bahriye. good stuff. your pronounciation of Turkish words were also not that bad either! all in all great video, cheers!
Piri Reis has written on the map, what is the source of each part of the map! Nowhere he talks about the library of Alexandria or aliens!
He said he used “charts drawn in the time of Alexander.”
@@jpeffer27 Ptolémaic maps were the reference. Hancock and all the loonies say there was alien precise Maps taken by satellites of Antarctica without the ice sheet in the library of Alexandria....
Zero evidence for that bullshit. I used to drink his Kool aid. Glad I woke up.
@@ardechirpakfar6823Hancock has never once in his life mentioned aliens. What Hancock says about Bimini and antartica on the map is the same opinion as cartographers you know those people who are experts in engineering reading designing and making maps. Funny that
@@Manbearpig4456 Hancock was never ever right once in his whole life nor has he opened a book or read a paper.
That single digit IQ bigot is only believable to people even less educated than him!
The first time I saw this map I thought he just ran out of paper going south and just bended south America to the east. It always amaze me how few people notice this.
The claimed map of Columbus that Piri Reis mentions as a source is not Juan de la Cosa's (since it is superior in depicting Hispaniola and Cuba, so it can't be a source) but an improved version of Toscanelli's, the one Columbus presented to King Ferdinand II (this was done allegedly to make Ferdinand trust Columbus, as the Toscanelli map and his predictions did support Columbus' stated goals) since the Piri Reis map includes Antillia and Cippangu on exact same places as the improved Toscanelli map.
The Brazil coastline is much more interesting. The source is a map Afonso de Albuquerque found in Java and gave to Francisco Rodrigues to give to the Portuguese crown; Albuquerque describes the map as being in Javanese and consisting of 26 parts (jstor, stable/27864629). The main map was lost in a shipwreck but an incomplete copy Francisco Rodrigues made, reached Portugal and this is the source of mis-attribution to Francisco Rodrigues in some sources. This copy contains the same exact coastline of Brazil which appears in Piri Reis map (this copy incidentally is the first place to use the name Brazil in"terra do brazill"). How does this Javanese map contain such an exact mapping of the Brazil coast-line is a mystery however.
Bravo
if the story is true the javanese most likely got its map from arab traders.
Just because no maps of Columbus have survived to this day, doesn’t necessarily mean some hadn’t survived until the time this map was drawn up. Also its rumoured in the UK that Columbus had Irish monk’s maps of the New World, preserved along with loads of other stuff such as the beautiful Celtic bibles in Ireland during the ‘dark ages’ - that narrative suggests Columbus did know where he was going and wasn’t looking for an alternative spice root etc... great video as always 👍👍👍
It's no rumour. The monk was St Brendan and his descriptions were well known throughout Europe at the time and were used as a guide by Colombus.
@@jenster29 thanks 👍 I’d forgotten his name!
Rumoured that he had doesn't equate to fact
Yet he traveled to Caribbean islands and not the huge continents
@@arod1766 There you go. There is so much incorrect information even surrounding someone as recent as Adolph Hitler because people want to fit history into their theories. Napoleon too. Yet everyone tries to assume they know about people's motivations centuries ago.
For all we know, ruclips.net/video/R4Nkk8-1v2g/видео.html is as accurate a depiction of the events as any.
Awesome. It is tempting to "go down the rabbit hole" from time to time. And it's wonderful that you have both the knowledge, and take the time to do the research that lazy (such as myself) or busy people can/will not do. Thankyou so much for allowing me to enjoy the delightful entertainment of the fringe, by providing a safe route back to sanity.
The Portuguese knew about longitude long before even the Sextant+Chronometer was invented using the Epheremis tables. The Cantino map clearly shows the Portuguese in Canada with Nova Scotia,Iceland, Greenland, USA coast, The Caribbean Islands, Brazil, Yucatan Peninsula, all the way down half of Brazil, Australia, Africa. The list goes on an on, Columbus learned all the maps and sailing techniques in Portugal. Portugal was in Brazil decades before Columbus even sailed in 1492. We now know that Portugal kept Brazil secret for many years due to the Spanish expansion and the inevitable Treaty of Tordesillas. Without Portugal and their discovery of the Ocean Gyres no one would be able to cross the Atlantic for at least another century. The discovery of the Ocean Gyres lead to the discovery of the Madeira Islands, and the most important discovery was the Azores, as you can not make a full return back from the West without stopping in the Azores. This is how all trips to the West took place, from Madeira Back around to the Azores. The wife of Christopher Columbus was the daughter of the Viceroy/ Governor of the Madeira Islands.
Makes a lot of sense to me.
I'll look for more content about this.
Any suggestions?
Excellent info. Thank you.
Sources?
Source? The only thing I can find is that it MIGHT have been discovered by Diarte Perreira in 1498.
@@stefanalexanderlungu1503 Gaspar claimed Nova Scotia and Newfoundland however from this map it is clear the Portuguese were lying en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantino_planisphere from this map stolen from Portugal and made in 1502 it proves beyond any doubt that the Portuguese mapped out the entire North American coast line, half of South America, the entire Caribbean ( from Spanish maps) and all the way to Oceania ( Australia and New Zealand.) including Africa all the way to Asia. This map is from 1502 which proves the Portuguese knew more than they told, and were mapping these coastlines for many years some details even go as far as saying Portugal was in Canadian waters as early as 1350. The Ocean Gyres were the key to all this and you simply can not map them out unless you actually travel on them so who mapped out the gyres is the question that is always avoided.
Thank you for making these videos. It’s so easy for people like myself who are not formally educated in these things to be lured in by the alternative history crowd. You’re fighting the good fight 👏👏👏
Im a guy very into history of sailling, and its so annoying the amount of dumb theories surroinding old maps. Since im portuguese i get the advantage of access to some books and documents that our national archive still has from the 1400-1600's, like sea charts. Its very interesting to see them evolve and grow, specially portulans.
One of the most annoying theoires was that portulans, which are made with the help of a compass and show you the direction of each port in relation to one another, are actually a roman invention, even tho Ptolomey wrote down longitudes and latitudes and we have no evidence of romans writting geography books based on compass directions. But people will insist that just because medieval europe loved to use roman and greek sources, that they must've not been original inventors of portulans.
The paradox of the dark age of science is so enfuriating: anything europe did that was backwater was because of their dumb beliefs, anything they did that was advanced was because of rome and greek writtings. Funny enough, both muslim and christian scientists of the time innovated plenty, and their more wacky ideas came precisely from ancient rome and ancient greece.
Name any weird old belief in medicine or geography medieval people's had in europe or the middle east and you can trace it all the way to rome and greece: humor theories, astrology, the idea that there is the exact same land mass in the northen hemisphere, the idea that strange lands have cyclops, giants, one legged people, etc, geocentrism, the idea that its too hot in the equator to sail into, the idea that the sea becomes too shallow beyong "the pillars of hercules", sea monsters, etc.
Medieval people's were innovative, all across history, they didnt need to steal knowledge from so called ancient civilizations that both leave no trace and yet left their mark everywhere.
The Portuguese were here early, off the coast of New England; they found the rich codfish [bacalhau] resource and kept it a secret, the Spanish found gold in central and south America and boasted about it so English and other pirates would know where to attack them. This is speculation because remains of fish drying racks that have been found on the coast. The Portuguese have returned and there are many fishermen of Portuguese/Azorean origin and descendents here today, between Providence, RI and Fall River, MA, and also a significant community around Gloucester, MA. This area has the highest percentage of people with Portuguese ancestry in the US, more recently enhanced by Portuguese speakers from Angola, Brasil, Cabo Verde, etc. There are secrets to be learned, but professors like Dr. Miano know the difference between speculation and fairy tales.
Viva! Só para pôr a dica sobre a teoria de que o Colombo foi um agente duplo ao serviço de D. João II.
Estes artistas sempre a mandar abaixo a capacidade de inovação dos marinheiros Portugueses! Fomos pioneiros nas descobertas na navegação nas caravelas, e mesmo assim os outros é que são bons, e os outros é que estão certos. Para eles fomos uma espécie de piratas que tivemos sorte em ser bons marinheiros, lá descobrimos outros países fomos colonizadores e acima de tudo também seremos sempre cúmplices na escravatura. Epa mas a verdade é que somos a soma de muita coisa, somos Portugueses e temos orgulho no nosso passado! Pode não ser perfeito mas era a génese das pessoas daquela época!
The "Columbus" maps Reis was referring to would have come from Toledo. In its heyday, it had gathered a lot of maps and other information from many cultures. That's where Columbus got his. And Columbus never had maps of South America, that we know of. That part of South America was probably not from Cabral himself but subsequent Portuguese expeditions.
Professor Miano: When Piri Reis states that some of the maps he used to develop this one dated from the time of Alexander, he does not attribute them to the Ptolemaic maps of which he would certainly have been aware. As I am sure you are aware, Alexander encountered many ancient cultures (and deliberately scooped up all he could of their ancient knowledge) during his campaigns, including those of the Egyptians and East Indians. Is it inconceivable to you that during his time in Egypt he obtained maps that were extremely ancient? Could those maps have been stored in the library he established at Alexandria and copies eventually made their way to Byzantium (later Constantinople, now Istanbul) where they were later found by Piri Reis? As you try to make sense of the information on the Reis map, consider that it was literally pieced together from these ancient maps, so sections of it are likely to be incorrectly oriented (as you suggested might be the case in this presentation), and that many of the land masses have changed appearance over the millenia due to sea level rise and land subsidence. This map does, in fact, contain information from before the last ice age.
About any piece of information, we could imagine that it goes back hundreds or thousands of years, couldn't we? For example, I could imagine that Henry Ford got the idea of the internal combustion engine from earlier sources that go back 10,000 years. The question is: what basis do we have to believe that? It is reasonable to believe that Alexander had people with him that mapped out the areas that they traveled. But to imagine that the Egyptians had maps that they provided him, even though we have no evidence the Egyptians had such maps, is highly speculative. And we also would have to imagine that the Egyptians had knowledge of the Americas and Antarctica, which is even more imaginative. Moreover, since Piri Reis's map seems to depict places in line with the knowledge of the time, it is wholly unnecessary to think there is more than that.
13:17 This was the nail in the coffin for me. The notes on the Piri Reis Map itself say that the info about this region comes from "Portuguese infidels".
@@nickpeterson8659 That's not actually what the notes say. Reis would certainly have had copies of Portuguese maps when constructing this one. He would have read all of the comments on their maps, and believing their maps to correspond to this section of the world with other, older maps in his possession, he may have simply included the Portuguese comments. There are many important aspects of this map that are never mentioned or investigated by researchers. For example, what is the purpose/meaning of the tropical bird positioned on a number of the islands in the Caribbean?
@@WorldofAntiquity We have plenty of evidence, how ancient cultures with highly refined techniques of memorisation transferred astoundingly precise information about ancient cultures. Look at the classical documentation by Michael Wood: In Search of the Trojan War. But also what we know about Inuit culture and many others. To your example of the combustion engine: the idea that "explosions" could be transformed into controlled performance is indeed much older than Henry Ford (in fact, Ford didn´t invent the car or the motor, by the way, there were others before him). In fact, the idea of using for instance gun powder for similar purposes was pondered already in the late medieval and renaissance period. The ancient Greeks knew that steam could be used for "work" (and the Byzantines had actually used it to move heavy doors and other play items). Your problem seems to me to be the problem of many archeologists: the confusion, or better: over-identification of objects with the appearance of ideas and concepts and social practices. Like: we didn´t find clothing, so Neanderthals must have walked naked! For every reasonable person it must had been evidently clear, that Neanderthals, having survived SEVERAL ice-ages must have had quite complex and adapted clothing, comparable to that of Inuit or Siberian nomads. What it did look like is another question. But for that you need not to be an archeologist, but a clear thinking person, able to draw conclusions from climate conditions, human body requirements and survival necessities. We had hoped that the snubbing dismissal of ancient reports and tales as "myths" disappeared after the time of Schliemann. It didn´t, the arrogance remained.
@@riccardodececco4404 well put! This guys air of self assured smugness is intolerable.
I sit watching this with a very large, hardback book, titled _Mapping the World._ A beautifully illustrated history of world maps. It is indescribably fascinating. One of the best books I own. Comes with my recommendation! Great video, thanks for sharing your knowledge and expertise! 👍😎
Hey there everybody. I wish you all a good time with this video!
About 25 years ago I found a table with a metal inlay in a vacant house, the inlay had a huge world map on it with animals and other figures on it, I had absolutely no idea what any of it and then but I thought the table was super cool so I took it. Recently I had been watching a episode of ancient aliens and the Piri Reis map. I know I had seen this map in these figures before so I went and looked at my table that I had in storage and it was an exact duplicate but the map I have the entire map of the world I would really love to send you pictures so you could tell me what exactly I have it’s so super interesting
That’s fascinating!! Where are you located? That seems like quite the find - would love to see a photo! Do you have it uploaded anywhere? Cheers
Dawn you need to post it. Have you? Dont say something like that and not post it.
@@johnnyrings1813 after actually looking at it he realized it was a placemat from dennys.
Sell it, big money.
Hi. Do you have pictures?
Another fascinating video, thanks! Really interesting to hear the notes made on the map by the author, and their attempt at establishing provenance of their work!
I read that Einstein considered Hapgood's theory plausible, but it may well be he did suggest some modification. Hapgood's book was open on Einstein's desk when Einstein died. But this is a good analysis of the Piri Reis map. Some of those notes i hadn't seen before, nor the rotating of South America to produce the "Antarctic" coast.
As someone who is from the Great southern Land iI find it amazing that no one mentions Australia
The Portuguese explord here,we have large snakes and its hot in the north
Just in the wrong place in the south
Keep up the great work
Maybe these maps were made before Australia was discovered. The Portuguese would have known the Top part of Australia at least.
That was going to be my question too! LOL
good point ... sounds like current day australia ... wonder what the australian aboriginies have to say ???
portugese wreck in New Zealand believed to be from 1550s,, personally i think that just because things might not have been recorded doesnt mean people didnt arrive here in NZ from all over the world by chance for perhaps as long as there has been some form of sea travel,, Maori certainly found their way here why wouldnt others,, I would think that much of the world was found long before it was mapped,,
I don’t support the theory of this map depicting Antarctica. However, I also don’t support the attitude of this content creator. He pokes fun at a scientist changing his hypothesis after it was proved incorrect. Isn’t that how science works? It’s science, not religion. Theories should be investigated and adapted. This attitude stifles curiosity and makes scientific progress slow.
Ego kills.
"Portuguese infidels" treading on the hot sands of Antarctica but being chased by the snakes.
Giant snakes seen by the Portuguese was enough evidence for me. Nicely explained Sir!
Ah the Piri Reis map. I remember back in the early to mid 2000’s when I was a conspiracy minded pre-teen, the various UFO magazines I was subscribed to constantly talked about this map. Usually it was either to prove Atlantis is real, or how the Americas or Antarctica was discovered earlier than commonly accepted.
And as I understand it, the Romans believed in a “Terra Australis” (southern land) because they literally thought that the Earth would roll over like a ball if there wasn’t something in the south balancing out Europe, Asia and Africa.
2021: Turns out that ufo magazine you were subscribed to may have been more right than you thought
@@vtecman108 But not for the reasons they thought they were.
Even a stopped clock is right twice a day.
For myself I do believe bronze age voyages to the Americas may have happened from western Europe - possibly south west Iberia.
Beyond that it's just population movements between the Americas and the Bering Strait - likely while much lower sea levels made the crossing easier.
Somewhat like the early settlement of Britain across Doggerland from Europe before it was first eroded by glacial melt and then destroyed/submerged in the Storegga slide flood event.
And UFOs (unidentified aerial craft) were fiction until they weren't.
The map doesn't depict Antarctica but UFOs are real. They're just not unidentified anymore.😂😂they're called rockets.
@@plopdoo339 UFO's are real ? World Of Wonder !
Joe Rogan has the guy from Bright Insight on right now talking about Atlantis. YOU should go on his show to correct the record.
Jimmy Bright is on Joe Rogan?
@B his theory is bonkers, sorry.
@B Wow
The Antarctica thing isn't very compelling to me. What is compelling is that while being a portolan chart it seems to have a Mercator Projection, and the longitude between Africa and Brazil is dumby accurate. Obviously the long distance between the old and new world, in an almost straight east-west line, should be among the worst longitude on the thing, but it's not. And you don't have to be an expert to confirm this, Google Earth Pro allows you to overlay maps, and converts them to a Mercator projection automatically. You can see for yourself *plugs own short on the topic
Another great RUclips channel. I love history, especially things forgotten. Your analysis is intelligent. Old maps are full of clues. I subscribed, thanks.
The Piri Reis is a wonderful composite of world at time…. And he describes that very south amaerica “Antarctica” very hot. Tierra del Fuego. He must have been told by Portuguese
The Prir Reis Map does NOT show the Antarctic. What people are calling the Antarctic, on this map, is nothing more than the lower part of South America (and not even all of it either). If you overlay this map on a modern map, you see that it fits the outline of most of South America, but the angle of the land is skewed (due to direction and positioning technics of that time (sun and stars) not compensating for the curvature of the earth below the equator. Take note of the rivers on both maps and you will see. It is merely the coast line from mid Venezuela (around Carupano and including Trinidad) down to Puerto Deseado in Argentina. NOTHING MORE.
On the other side, it is the coast line from Portugal to Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire.
I just don't understand why people refuse evidence and then believe something different just because a scientist tells them other wise. There would be absolutely no reason not to draw ice if there was ice.
People with egos hate being wrong.
Most people believe authority more than themselves and their own eyes.
Countless psychological experiments have shown that.
Milgram experiment comes to mind
I've been watching your videos for about two weeks now. During that time many sacred cows have been slaughtered (yes, I've been vaguely believing the ideas put forward by the likes of G. Hancock for many years). But I've noticed a very remarkable change in my thinking: it feels like the barn is being cleared of gunk. It smells much better now and much more fit for purpose. Thanks and gratitude...
The Map not only shows Antarctica but the strange thing is that it shows the mountain range between Argentina and Antarctica, those mountains are only be seen by satellites because they are under hemisphere, meaning underwater, it is intriguing how he managed to draw mountains under sea, my manager have written a book about this map and he completed this piece of map to a whole , we are in train of translating the book at the moment, thanks for this nice video.
Coincidence?
As always, this video is interesting and factual. Debunking incorrect ideas about the world and human civilization has to be done, because ideas based in falsehood percolate through the society's consciousness and create problems for people in the present. They often feed cults, superstitions and notions that undermine modern science and medicine. Science fiction and fantasy are not inherently harmful, but people who live in a fantasy world of belief rather than the real world are responsible for a number of problems nowadays. Videos like this one are necessary counters to bad history and world views base on fantasy. The problem is that the videos providing real information, like this one, are outnumbered by clickbait and sensationalist lies. Keep up the good and necessary work Doctor Miano!
So I guess you’re not aware that it actually was once free of ice and we know that for a scientific fact but I don’t think there’s any idea that we could know exactly when it was… I bet you’re one of those guys that still think the Egyptian built the pyramids with bronze chisels and copper saws..
With the help of sand, yes, that is the logical conclusion. Someone on video has demonstrated how it can be done. And the pyramids were on Egypt, where the... Egyptians lived. And they DID build a step pyramid and 3 failed attempts before the 3 Rd successful attempt, BEFORE the great pyramid. So ya know.
If he really wanted to debunk the map he’d have asked a cartographer’s opinion but let’s be honest here he’d never do that because they all say that the coast line is Antarctica
The biggest secret is that the map is not made out of authentic Piri Ries.
Great work coming from sound conclusions that most ancient maps were very distorted but considering the the era and access we should consider their value in their historic time period of our past endeavors into exploration.
Awesome vid!! Not mentioned, but highly relevant, is the fact that ALL explorers that drew those maps came from the northern hemisphere. As such, the north star is the best reference for true north and ALL cartographers would have used it. Unfortunately, the north star is NOT visible in the southern hemisphere, so the north/south perspective gets skewed below the equator... This vid was really interesting and I'll sub and binge watch all the ones I've been missing!!
Thanks, and welcome to the channel!
Great comment, thanks for pointing this reason ;)
I didn't know of this fictional southern continent but that makes sense: when Hernan Cortes mapped out Sonora, he became away of the Baja California peninsula. However. Because he didn't go north and didn't cross the gulf, he thought it was an island. He sent Francisco de Ulloa to investigate, but discovered that it was a peninsula. The Idea was revived by Juan de Fuca, who misunderstood the nature and distance of Vancouver Island and argued that the passage connected to the gulf and that Vancouver island was actually part of California. Jesuit explorers starting with Padre Eusebio Kino finally confirmed that Baja was just a peninsula and that Vancouver island was disconnected with the rest of the mainland.
When you see two points of land from the water, islands and continents become entirely indistinguishable. It seems a Portuguese sailor simply missed one part of the South American coast.
I still wonder if the Piri Reis map of the Antarctic coastline somewhat resembles the area, from where did the information come? I’m not concerned about how ancient knowledge is but from where and how it was found! Has not the Antarctic coast been covered by ice and snow for millennia? Then how could anyone have any accuracy reporting a location? Approximations and dead reckoning navigation is still more accurate than total fantasy and the Antarctic coast is supposedly located positional similar to Piri Reis’ map. Is it not?
Just a little comment on this great video: On 9:35, when you say "The greeks and Romans had envisionned a much smaller globe" I am not sure what you refer to. Eratosthenes (greek from alexandria) basically calculated the correct circonference during the 3rd century BCE (250 000 stadium, ~40 000km). This value was still used by detractors of Columbus 17 centuries later to argue he could never reach asia through the west. (they were right, they just ignored there was a continent inbetween).
Eratosthenes was one of several Greeks who calculated the circumference of the earth, and although we now know in hindsight that he was the closest to being correct, his measurement was not the one widely believed in those days.
Your argument is from the perspective of the craft of mapmaking. In debunking Hapgood it would also be beneficial to specifically address both of the issues below, relative to the underlying land mass of Antartica, and to Albert Einstein's relationship with Hapgood.
(1) The purported "empirical" argument for the Peri Reis Map showing is that details of the antarctic coastline (the physical land mass under the ice, not the ice shelf) match the detail in the Peri Reis Map - therefore the Peri Reis Map source is from a time before the ice shelfs, or from a technology able to image the land mass.
(2) The "credibility" argument for the Peri Reis Map showing Antartica is via Einstein's correspondence with Hapgood and Einstein's endorsement of Hapgood's physics methodology and "scientific genius".
Thank God you exist, Professor Miano. Thank you. (still waiting for your segment on the Antikythera Mechanism!).
BTW, didn't someone claim this map shows Antarctica's "Blood Falls", or have I got that wrong? Now THAT would be an Historical-Anomaly worth the name!
I read 1421 by Gavin Menzies several years ago, and I found it very convincing for a while.... until I took the time to look into the criticisms of it, and those ideas in general.
Even for skeptical people, it can be too easy to get swept up in grand ideas that don't seem as half baked on the surface as they actually are.
Thanks for keeping reliable information on the internet, and educating people in what we actually know about old maps, ancient civilizations, and all the other interesting stuff you cover on your channel.
If you wanted a real education about the map you’d have asked a cartographer and so would miano but let’s be real he would never do that because it would highlight how he hasn’t a clue what is he talking about.
@@Manbearpig4456 yeah that's pretty much what I did.
I picked up the book at a thrift store, it sounded interesting, and it was the first time I heard those arguments. I considered the arguments based on his evidence, and found it moderately convincing, and then I looked into criticisms of it and realized that his evidence was full of holes.
@@louisjov the only person who can provide any form of critique to the accuracy of the map including the topography latitude and longitude is a cartographer and every single one of them that’s studied the map have all been astounded at the accuracy of it. Unfortunately miano here doesn’t use any information from a single cartographer because he knows his critique is based on his opinion rather than the opinion of the experts because the experts all say that coast line is a near perfect replication of the Antarctic coastline. Miano claims to know about history since when did historians become qualified to tell a cartographer that they are wrong about the accuracy of maps??
@@Manbearpig4456 interesting, well I definitely could be wrong! Which cartographers are you referring to, and which map was it again? It's been a while since I've seen this video
Brilliant explanation, thank you.
Had a friend who felt that Native Americans are from Mars. He tried to convince me with a recent science article that said: the nicest place on Mars would be harsher than the summit of Mt. Everest. I never argued with him, ever.
Again great work good sir. Loving the back catalogue.
Details are fascinating, makes sense he used older source maps, maybe from a library that no longer exist. I’m not an alien believer, but believe In older civilizations that have been erased. Bimini road showing above water would suggest a source map much much older, no way to know for sure
the bimino road is not pictured on that map at all, research the topography of the islands of the caribbean. The so called bimini road you mention on this map is actually the island of puerto rico, the so called road is in reality called cordillera central which its a mountain range thats located on the middle of puerto rico. Puerto rico was discovered on 1493 and this map was made on 1513.
and the bimini road has been proven to be in fact a natural ocurrence
@@maau5trap273 stop talking like did the map
@@thesteelworks8088 it’s called doing proper research and not watching pseudo nonsense. Also that highly contradicts your own argument which is claiming that the island is Bimini and that it shows the Bimini road but you didn’t make the map either 😂😂
@@maau5trap273 who said your research was proper? Based on who’s ego that can’t say “we don’t know”. I have degrees too from establishments too. I’m simply not just stopping and use those as facts because the establishment said so. They been wrong many time and still can’t admit it, the evidence you presented might be correct but not conclusive. Stop acting from authority,have you ever been there? Because I have
Brilliantly explained - as per usual. I totally understand the "romantic idea" of a lost civilisation. (Graham Hancock and many RUclips channels have built their careers on such an idea) However, as an open-minded lay person - I find your explainations so well researched that it's difficult to take their ideas too seriously anymore. However, this doesn't take away the awe and majesty of Egypt and other fantastic ancient sites. If anything, it just enhances them. Do you organise your own trips to Egypt - (like Uncharted X, Robert Schoch, Brian Foerster). If you did - I'd very interested to attend.
Someday soon!
You sir, have got yourself a new subscriber. That was fantastic and your love of learning shines through your personality. Thank you :)
Thanks, and welcome to the channel!
My first time here. This video is outstanding and a service to mankind.
Aw, thanks, and welcome!
Good evening D.David, I hope there is cooperation between you and Prof. Richard Mortel Professor of Islamic History. To talk about the archaeological sites in the Arabian Peninsula, which are no less important than the Egyptian civilization, but perhaps the most important in the world.
Great video. Nice balance of real historical information and correction of conspiracist misinformation.
You're right it's not Antarctica at all, I've research it and it's an extension of the tip of South America. 100% factual. and those Islands at the bottom are the Falkland Islands or the Islands around the tip of South America.
You couldn’t possibly have researched and formed that opinion. If you had researched then you’d have watched videos by professional cartographers, you know those people who are professionals in engineering designing reading and making maps. If you had of then you’d have heard every one of them say that coast line is Antarctica. Surely if you wanted to do any form of research about a map you’d have thought to seek the opinion of expert in maps.
@@Manbearpig4456 The difference between you and I is.... I have a mind that doesn't need help from someone else to tell me what should be and what shouldn't be, especially such simple subject as this.
If you had a half brain you could also figure it out, but you choose to listen to other simpletons like yourself.
Nothing to do with maps but all to do with geography my dear friend.
It's crazy how much Hapgood and others influenced modern "independent" researchers. The actual independent ideas are often good, but these old authors got so many things wrong
Great video!! Thank you sir
I would recommend people to read Hapgood's book and form their own opinion. I don't feel that longitude and its implications have been adequately covered here. Also the reasons for some of the inconsistencies in Piri Reis. Still decent content, thanks 👍🏻
What? No love for you Ed? Hapgood looked at it for years with his students and had plenty of support of his views by authorities. Good book. Cheers.
Didn’t Hapgood have the US Air Force map makers look at the map for the longitude implications and accuracy? I don’t think the person here looked at anything Hancock or Hapgood said about this (and other) maps at all, tbh.
If you are going to disprove assertions by someone, I think it’s important to cover all the assertions-I was really hoping he was going to cover some of the more astounding things found in maps drawn from ancient materials. Too bad.
@@drewlovs I agree, the Piri Reis map was just the starting point for Hapgood's studies, and he found plenty of others that were even more interesting in their implications. I would advise anyone seriously interested in this subject to get a copy of Hapgood's book and get a wider perspective on the issue.
@@drewlovs Agreed, unfortunately I can't link the correspondence from the US airforce officer here but as others have said, matey hasn't read the book has he?
I don't mind that personally, always good to be across both sides of the debate, but it does make you wonder how much of the source material he debunks that he has actually read. I appreciate he has to churn out content, but this is really interesting stuff for me.
Interesting, in Brazil we still call world maps as "mappae mundi" (actually "mapa mundi", in Portuguese)
I just want to point out... That time periods are very inaccurate, so do not try to use them as evidence to support some claims. When you think about ww2 era plane being under 300ft of ice in greenland is pretty remarkable, basically a plane has buried 300feet under ice in less than 80 years. Landscapes changes a lot in short time, makes you wonder about that ''super'' volcano eruption what kind of changes it caused to our planet. In ancient history only scholars and men who studied were able to write things down, paper was expensive so it probably was not wasted on making stuff up. History is much more interesting then we credit it, and we are constantly updating our understanding of history when new evicende emerges.
Piri Reis did not in fact quote mappae mundi from Europe that you describe as probable sources but rather those of Idrīsī or the Ma’mūn geographers on which the better of the mappae mundi drew. Fuat Sezgin wrote a great deal about this before in his old age he went effectively mad and supported dubious projects of the Erdogan nationalists. But in his heyday (I worked with him in the late 90s) he uncovered quite a number of ME maps and tables with astoundingly accurate coordinates.
Hey! Caught you early. I would love you to dig into Nan Madol.
Aren't the ruins from medieval times?
@@WorldofAntiquity technically yeah, but I ask this as the site is frequently used to spread the idea that it was built by aliens/more advanced civilizations (something I think you do a good job at debunking). Unfortunately I haven't been able to find a lot of info and research on it.
@@guymanuel4260 Even a child looking at photos of Nan Madol will tell you how it is made: you take long pieces of hexagonal volcanic rock (It often does this when it cools very slowly), and you place them in opposing directions, piling them up. Come on - this is 100% obvious.
Asserting anything else is deeply dishonest.
@@Chris.Davies as obvious it may be, I still like hearing what an academic might have to say about it. Doesn't hurt having someone professionally debunk this stuff.
Have you discussed the Tabula Peutingeriana? No fantastic theories behind it, but an interesting case of ancient knowledge surviving into the modern day.
The irony of this map is that it was compiled by a Turk who got some of the information from the western sailors who had been forced to look for alternative ways to get to the east, after the Ottoman Empire (The Turks) shut down access to the Silk Road and basically brought all trade to a halt. ...
It seems to me that there are many very interesting, real, historical things that can be learned from the Piri Reis map, but when the entire discussion surrounding it revolves around whether or not it it is based on mysterious, lost civilizations and other pseudo-history, those things get pushed into the background and ignored.
Excellent video! I learned a lot. I do have one question though. You say that "the Greeks and Romans" had envisioned a much smaller globe and that people in Columbus's time believed that the Caribbean bordered on Asia. But didn't they know the size of the earth already because of the calculations of Eratosthenes? I know Columbus disagreed with Eratosthenes's estimates but from what I remember most of his contemporaries at the time actually (correctly) preferred Eratosthenes's estimates.
Of course there are no surviving mentions of Eratosthenes until the 1700's, where greek history was manufactured. The story of Eratosthenes not only is a lie, but it doesn't prove the shape or the size of the Earth unless you assume you know the distance to the sun, which Eratosthenes thought was 1 million miles or less. The real kicker is Ptolemy named the north star, stella polaris, or literally "pole star" and it hasn't moved on a single chart in all of history. This is impossible in a heliocentric system where the Earth precesses on it's pole as it spins. Fact is the Earth isn't spinning the sky is, as Airies failure, and the Sagnac experiments proved.
I had the same question as you. It appears after Eratosthenes there was a later measurement by Posidonius that was then revised by Claudius Ptolemaeus who basically botched it and gave us a much smaller estimate.
@@christophermyers8157 WTF are you talking about? "Greek history was manufactured"?????? What? And the earth isn't spinning???? What????
@@samuelwheeler9678 Right but did most academics in Columbus's day accept that number or did they prefer Eratosthenes's calculation?
The hot great southern land the Portugese mentioned was probably Australia,not Antarctica.l
_"Assumptive balance"_ often drove ancient cartographers. In other words if where they lived there was habitable land to the east = they assumed the same must also be so to the west. If you could sail south to inhabited lands - yet the far north was unknown to you = you simply assumed a similar landmass might exist there as well much as you see elsewhere.
So ancient maps were often part reality and part = assumption. This is why as an example Columbus assumed they could sail to the west to arrive at the east. Either they were unaware of something and left it out = or they simply assumed where something might be. 🤔
The Alternative History mob can be very persuasive through what they omit, rather than the evidence they include. You do a great job, your students are lucky indeed!
you would be surprised about the mass of evidence being omitted by the "official" academic "mob".
As someone who found this the most convincing thing as a child who even wondered how as a skeptic it could be refuted. Thank you. Thank you from the bottom of my heart. ❤
You didn't answer the obvious question:
Why couldn't the aliens, who have mastered intergalactic space travel, accurately map Earth? Did they have an ulterior motive?
That was a map of the world drawn for a sultan, not a navigator. A navigator’s map would have included coded markings and secret keys that only the one who drew it could read without being told what and where is was.
That bit that the “lost civilization” crowd grasp onto as Antarctica is the coastline of Tierra del Fuego. It shows the east coast, the straits of Magellan and the west coast as they would appear off the starboard side of the ship as you sail south along the coast, through the straits and north up the west coast. It is missing the compass readings that would appear on a true navigational map. You can verify your position using that style of map and a compass in daylight, because it uses the compass reading and the diagram of the coastline. The first Dutch and English sailors who passed through the Straits of Magellan used a similar map that they bought off of a Portuguese navigator.
Funny because any cartographer who’s ever been asked to look at the map has said that coast line in Antarctica.
@@Manbearpig4456 No navigator alive has ever seen Antarctica without ice, so they wouldn't be able to make that comparison.
That looks like a navigator's logbook drawn as a map, without paying attention to the course and heading. That's Tierra del Fuego, not Antarctica. The cartographer just took the starboard side sightings and ignored that the ship turned north after passing through the straits of Magellan.
@@almitrahopkins1873I’m fully aware no navigator alive has seen Antarctica with an ice free coast line but that doesn’t stop you putting the map into google earth pro and seeing how ridiculously accurate the coast line on the map is to the real coast line of Antarctica. Your explanation doesn’t make any sense
@@Manbearpig4456 No, it doesn't. Where is the Straits of Magellan on that supposed map of Antarctica? There isn't even a bay that would match the size of a gap that should be there if what you claim is true.
That's a cartographer using the sightings and soundings from a navigator's log, without the course changes that are usually encoded so another navigator can't use the log to navigate.
@@almitrahopkins1873it’s not a map of antartica is a map of the world. Put the map into Google earth pro before discussing the accuracy of the map because you’ll find your opinion will change rather dramatically
It would’ve been helpful if you had discussed the accuracy of the maps depiction of the Antarctic coastline below the Ice. The ONE and ONLY piece of evidence that suggests,
at some point there was knowledge of Antarctica before the ice formed.
Why would you intentionally leave that out, as I stated THAT is THE evidence for the ancient knowledge of Antarctica before the ice.
EXACTLY! leaving that kinda off breaktrought out, its bordering misinformation
Yeah, this guy spends a lot of time talking about nothing and then when he gets to the part about Antarctica he blows by it so fast that I didn't feel he even covered the subject.
The last time Antarctica was free of ice was millions of years ago. There was nobody around toen!!!
@@hansh9109 then how in the world the piri reis map matches the recently mapped topography? Its a mistery to me...
@@fennarios Because it seriously doesn't. I've looked at the comparison, it's laughable. You have to do so many contortions and edits that you might as well not look at the Piri Reis map at all
Wonderful and easy to understand. I've tried to research this map a few years back.
You've answered questions, thanks.
Very nice analysis, Dr. Miano!
Hot air balloons are very simple technology. They made clothes back then, so all you need is a basket and a stable fuel source. So mapping from the air back then is not completely crazy to think. More then likely tethered to the ground and rope weight would help keep control by it dragging.
In Gavin Menzies' book 1421, he suggested that part of the Piri Reis map was influenced by the cartographers traveling with Chinese admiral Zheng He in his numerous diplomatic trips during the Ming dynasty. Of course, a lot of coincidences have to happen that the maps, which were often state secrets, got through the Silk Road and end up in Europe. Menzies also claimed that Zheng have reached part of Antarctica by South America. The reason given was unpredictable weather and a previously larger ice sheet from Antarctica.
Graham Hancock in Archeology & History is the same with Frank Dux or Steven Seagal in Martial Arts 😂
Respect for the solid burn.
Bit like a historian trying to tell people that’s not antartica when every cartographer going says it is
Piri Reis map doesn't depict Antarctica and no cartographer claim it does.@@Manbearpig4456
I've got a question, forgive my ignorance on the subject of the Piri Reis maps.
There is a reference at 3:02 to the maps being relative to TRUE NORTH but then references the maps were drawn with the use of the magnetic compass. True north and MAGNETIC NORTH are in two different locations in the arctic. A compass can only point to magnetic north, not true north.
One can accurately find a location by use of the angle of declination, the difference between true north and magnetic north. This angle varies by a few degrees depending where in the world you are located. In my area of Pennsylvania, US the angle of declamation is +3 degrees.
Has the angle of declination been factored in when assessing the accuracy of these maps? Does it even matter?
Well done. Bravo.
Interesting (and most likely true) Interpretation of the Piri Reis map; for someone who claims not to have much background on these old maps, you have done a good job. Too bad you didn't spend any time doing the same sort of thing for the Oronce Fine map of Antarctica (1531) that I sent you.
I can tell just by the way this man delivers his self assured ‘knowledge’ that he’s come to believe fully in the flawed education he’s received over his years in school. Don’t let this smug attitude convince you that this guy knows anything more about our ancient past than you or anyone alive today. Our ancient past remains a vast mystery to us all
This map isn’t ancient-it’s from the 1500s
Let me guess, you’re a fan of people like Graham Hancock, aren’t you? That’s not history. That’s fantasy.
Why read book when Facebook meme do?
Overly sensitive people who don't like their pet theories debunked are the only ones calling him smug.
I personally enjoy listening to Graham Hancock like I do the experts on these topics. Im just an idiot that likes ancient history and I find both sides enjoyable. From what ifs to cold hard facts, it's all great. If the experts want guys like Graham to stop what he is doing, stop being smug, arrogant and condescending and authoritarian with your knowledge. You have all the evidence, so present it in a clear and concise way so the rest of us non experts can understand. Maybe im just speaking for myself, but, people don't tend to listen to anything someone says if they are being a dick about it. The way Graham Hancock presents his ideas is alot easier to digest than some douchbag talking to you like an idiot. Which most of us are, and we just want to learn about cool things from our past.
That's why I made this video.
@WorldofAntiquity that's what I appreciate about your work. The comment wasn't directed at you, but other posters in the comment section. Keep up the good work!!
Fear is a more important emotion to the masses than truth. Well done on the video.
You understood this perfectly.
I love it when things are obvious after doing obvious things, like reading the map!
Reminds me of all the egyptian carvings that are given wacky alt-history explanations while the hieroglyphs describing them are right next to the carving.
Yeah like the Dendara 'light' - just laughable when they so clearly go to the trouble of ignoring the ancient languages, probably most alt history 'researchers' can't speak a single ancient language that hasn't survived in some form today like Latin.
Yeah it is fairly obvious that’s it’s Antarctica, that’s not my opinion that the opinion of every professional cartographer you know those people who are experts in engineering designing and drawing maps. Sure a historian says it’s not but the people who make maps for living say it is. I know who I am going to listen to
I love it when the words of an object's actual creator are on the object itself, and you use them to debunk the illogical garbage LAHTers push as part of their Holy Gospel of Suppressed Knowledge.
Thank you, David.
In this video it simply doesn't matter that you only rendered at 30fps - but please start using 60fps for camera and renderer settings, to avoid the horrendous brain-hurting slideshow which can lead to a seizure. At 30fps I see every frame 5 times before a new one arrives. :(
60 Frames Per Second makes filmed videos smooth as silk in comparison. And the visual data rate at 60fps is doubled, providing much higher quality viewing.
Did you ever see The Hobbit?
David, thank you for this great video. Your enthusiasm is contagious and it excites me to watch more videos about Archeology and ancient history.
Every time I see that ancient alien hypothesis I scoff and shake my head. Anyone that spends more than 2 seconds thinking about it should be able to tell that It's all South America on the bottom. They just have no idea how maps were made back in the day
Thank you for a methodical review of the Piri Reis map.
A proper review of the map would include a cartographer’s take on it but miano won’t do that because all the cartographers say that coast line is Antarctica
This was a really interesting video! I'd never heard of it before! Glad you could dispel the whole "ancient high tech" nonsense yet again. It's tiresome to trip over such pseudoscience in random places, so any time I can point them to your channel, I do!
Thank you, Dr. Miano, for what you do!
How is this smug fellows opinion any more valid than someone else's opinion? Which let's be honest is all this waffle is. "Could this island (drawn in the Atlantic) be Japan?" ..... must be true
It’s probably best asking a cartographer what their opinion is rather than a historian. How is a historian qualified to tell anyone anything about the accuracy or detail on a map. It’s funny that the professionals all agree it’s Antarctic but a historian doesn’t
Know your enemy..
You didn't read page one of Hancock's book, you didn't serve the listener's question
This video was great. But it also left me upset at Graham Handcock.
He's constantly saying that the "mainstream academia won't engage with my research," and here we have an academic directly engaging with not only his "research" but the source of this specific claim from the Sea Kings book.
Where is Mr. Handcock? Does he have a rebuttal? Something tells me he is not actually interested in debating his ideas. Speaking with Michael Shermer on the Joe Rogan podcast is not an academic discussion.
From what I heard and viewed of this episode
you (David Miano) need to read more books!
HIC SVNT GRAHAMHANCOCKES.
Thank you. I've always found old maps fascinating. One can marvel at them for their accuracy as well as for their fantasy.
I have read once a fascinating book about the first encounters between Europeans and Japanese, with a long introduction illustrated with many ancient maps, the first ones inspired by Marco Polo's (heavily fantastic) description of Cipango, then integrating the discoveries of the new world around Colombus' times (the book including also Colombus' notes on Marco Polo's description, as well as excerpts from his journal, and the guy seemed obsessed with the idea of proving he had indeed reached Cipango). Anyway, many of these maps showed Cipango, and often as a rectangular island the very shape of the one you pointed at. Maybe the Piri Reis map was in this book, actually, I can't remember...
Anyway, fascinating topic, and thanks for the video.
I understand the logic here. Good information. However you did not discredit the supposed ancient source. All you said was unless you believe the map is 10000 years old. Well. I do believe that to be the case. While this video may explain away the piri Reese map, it does not address the idea of ancient map sources from a period of time when there should be no map sources. This is the whole argument Hancock and the like make.
_"you did not discredit the supposed ancient source"_
Sorry, but science doesn't work like that. The burden of proof rests with those claiming an ancient source. IOW, "That which can be asserted without evidence may be dismissed without evidence."
My question: Does the Piri Reis map of Antarctica resemble the actual coastline of that landmass? If the explorers of the time used dead reckoning and compass bearings, major changes in land positions make sense to me. The closer to the South Pole anyone gets the more the compass varies, even today.
I have heard talk of a letter from a military general stating the map matches seismic radar under the ice. Is that a spoof? Never know what to believe anymore. Thanks for your time.
Shouldn’t everyone have known Al mostly exactly how large the earth was ? The Erastosphenes calculated it ages ago at 24,000 miles around.
No one believed him until we calculated it in modern times and figured out he was right.
These "Secrets" are so secret that after watching this I couldn't remember being told any secrets.... at all....!
Weird. :O
No one's ever compared Piri Reis "Antarctica" to Argentina or Antarctica