Will The Sun’s Magnetic Field Flip This Year?
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- Опубликовано: 29 сен 2024
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Solar activity is still increasing in a sunspot cycle that is proving way more intense than scientists predicted. Just how much stronger is it going to get?
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"Why does it take 11 years? Well, because that's how long it takes." Understandable, have a nice day.
Ham radio operators have asked that question for years.
Sun very big
But magnetic plasma very very fast
@@Broocklethat cleared it right up for me lol
You can tell how long it takes by the way that it is
Remember that the way we measure time is entirely arbitrary. The sun is under no obligations to do things on a time scale that makes any sense to us.
Amazing collection of simulations this video, its great
Does all this movement up/down a, possibly varying the mass distribution between the lower and up depths of the sun very slightly?
If so the does that mean that stars very their rotation rate back and forth very slightly also?
just waiting til sun blasts ahead of earth with a cme, then another in same area as earth goes through
Toroidal field processes cause auroral rural phenomena.
I'm trippin balls while watching this video.
First time I've heard a cohesive explanation of these solar processes. Thank you.
I agree. Very well explained.
yeah, it was a great episode. I now feel like I have at least an intuitive sense of what’s happening.
Third time? I've heard someone go into detail about it, but still very interesting to listen to multiple people explain it
Yeah. solar physics are so cool!
Same, this video was particularly insightful. I finally understand how sunspots form :D
So the suns magnetic field is kinky, unstable, stuck going in circles, and occasionally snaps from stress? Are we sure the Sun is okay?
Maybe toxic
But soooo hot
You just described one of my exes perfectly.
omg I'm a star
Perhaps she's peri-menopausal 😅
The sun is my ex.
6:54 is that a kinked toroidal magnetic field or are you just happy to see me?
The Sun is getting ready for a mass ejection.
@@jimmyzhao2673
… a mass ejection pointed straight at the face of Earth, just the way Earth likes it.
Bow chica wow wow…
🌞💦🌎
time for new even more exclusive t-shirt.
@@AABB-px8lc The sun kinked a mass ejection at me and all I got was this kinky shirt.
Comment of the year
Great... Now I gotta fix my compass for when I go to the Sun
Just delay for a decade, visit Venus instead and enjoy swimming in its clouds. I'm sure that'll be super easy, barely an inconvenience.
Nah just fly south and your good
Not if you go at night.
Just turn it upside down.
dude just use Google maps
The graphics guy was having a bit of fun there for a minute.
I saw it
6:58 😂
Glad I'm not the only one who thought that! 😅
Kinks
How else were we supposed to see the kinks?
completely surprised how incredibly informative this episode was. i had no idea. this completely enhanced my understanding of magnetic fields and how they interact with matter in such a hot, "liquid" environment. absolutely fascinating that people have figured this out
Watched with fascination not only by solar astronomers, but also radio amateurs. Cool things happening in the ionosphere
That Coriolis affect animation was SOOOO illuminating. I always wondered 'what exactly causes the kinks?' and assumed it was some horrifically complicated mess. Sunspots are just magnetic plasma hurricanes.
Were currently forecasting a category 400 plasma hurricane this weekend....highs in the low 6000's K...
@@Pyxis10 florida man should apply spf 50 at least but florida man should have no other worries lol
We have no proof of magnetic flux tubes! Solar dynamo can be produced purely with convective turbulence and differential rotation, without assuming that flux tubes can exist as coherent entities. (Yes this is a scism in the solar physics community. Flux tube theory is popular and Anglo-American sphere. Mean field turbulent dynamo theory is more popular in continental Europe.)
Greetings from a dynamo theorist.
He did say that he was talking about a working theory that could change.
Magnetic flux tubes definitely exist lol, you can see loops in the EUV corona which are incredibly well described by MHD in a cylindrical (thin tube, thin boundary) geometry. Furthermore, sunspots are observed oscillate with similar MHD modes, strongly implying their geometry is that of a flux tube. Finally, local helioseismological results are usually very well explained by models involving subsurface flux tubes.
The question of their role in dynamo theory is more subtle. If I wanted to be provocative however, I would say that since all dynamo theory requires manipulation of magnetic field lines, and the limit of a magnetic flux tube as you take the radius to zero is a magnetic field line, all dynamo theory relies on magnetic flux tubes :P
When the Sun snaps, everyone's in awe. But when I snap, I'M a bad guy.
Yeah pretty much.
If you were able to burn the whole world to crisp..
@@lynxf I'm sure I can if I put my heart into it
@@UnreadyPlayerand I'm gonna be king of the pirates👒😁👍
I’m with you 😪
6:54 Science Diagrams that look like Shitposts
Looks like something but I'd have to know what a shitpost looks like!
You sneaky bugger
I've been monitoring this cycle since I retired in 2019. I get on Amateur Radio everyday and test propagation. When I first started only the lower wavelengths were active (160-80 meters). But as the weeks went by the maximum usable frequencies started increasing. Five years later I'm enjoying 160 through 10 meters daily. I retired at the right time!
You chose an awesome hobby! Maybe try getting your grandkids into it too. :)
@@ArawnOfAnnwn My parents met on the air! My mom was a ham before she met my dad!
Sureeee
PBS trying to appeal to the solar doomsday prepper audience.
"The Omega Process" would be a fantastic late 60's Sci-Fi 'movie of the week'.
Right? every now and then scientists come up with the coolest names for thing, when they arent just naming them after themselves 😅
There was a 1971 movie called "The Omega Man" starring Charleton Heston. It was an adaption of the book "I Am Legend".
Or a Big Bang Theory episode title.
...and then an Alpha Process prequel
@@Hurricayne92 I think my favourite in this category is "ultraviolet catastrophe". Very metal.
6:54 erm, interesting feild lines...😂.... looks ready for a mass ejection
"This kinking..." 😂
@@chefRyan38oops! That's my kink.
Coronal mass erection
8:38 Yep, they know what's up.
"AMBATUKAM"
- the sun
For the first time in my life I now have a basic understanding of sunspots, flux lines and CMEs. Many thanks for the crystal clear explanation. The only big question I have is what sort of field strength are we talking about in those flux tubes? My intuition is it is really high but on the other hand the flux tubes probably have a large diameter so the flux density might only be moderate.
Yes
As high as 0.4 tesla, which is pretty solid. About 400x more than a fridge magnet.
@@garethdean6382 that is a lot more than I was expecting considering the flux tubes can be a couple of thousand km in diameter. I'm not surprised they have such an effect
Now do a video about if the Earth magnetic field will flip.
Yes!!
Will The Sun’s Magnetic Field Flip This Year? THE ANSWER WILL SHOCK YOU !
🤣🤣🤣
Time for a new tshirt with the 6:56 illustration!
Name it: Corronal mass ejection😅
Coronal mass erection?
Coronal mass erection
0:47 When you were watching the Aurora Borealis in upstate New York were you enjoying a hamburger, or as the locals call them, steamed ham?
I’m from Utica and I’ve never heard anyone use the phrase “steamed hams.”
@@HenryBloggit Oh, not in Utica, no. It's an Albany expression.
I don't think he's a principal named Skinner.
And you call them steamed despite the fact there are clearly grill marks?
I hate to be that guy, but Aurora Borealis was not visible from upstate New York. It was localised entirely within Skinner's kitchen.
The concept of magnetic field lines are confusing to me. I think they are used as a way of notating the strength and direction of the field but then people talk about them as though they are real and have a physicality, like they are a string of some sort. Kinked, cut, etc. I think it forms a not quite accurate picture in my head.
My sixth Solar Cycle.
Congratulations! I'm just about to finish number five. May they be interesting, but not too interesting.
My 3rd if I don't count the one I was born in (same as they didn't count Solar Cycle Zero even though measurements started in its maximum 😂)
The Gen X, Y, Z moniker is silly anyway. I will call myself a Gen 20 from now on.
What does the constant solar magnetic field flipping mean for the solar system’s “edges”? How does it effect the heliopause?
One of the big reasons we had such a profound Aurora in May.
Was that not only the coronal? Mass ejection, it was stong, but it shouldn't have been strong enough to give us the show. The big thing that is not being said. Is that our own magnetosphere is weak. And it's getting weaker, so that even moderate solar storms.
Penetrate into the ionosphere. The beginning of our pokes repositioning.
Nope. Not true at all. There's no evidence for a pole shift about to happen.
hey, science. you guys are doing great at observation and prediction considering how short a period we've been able to tecord things. (I'm sure additional public funding wouldn't hurt the process, though 😄) Sorry most of us are too stupid to get it. Thanks for all the medicine and junk! 💖
This channel is so amazing. Thank you so much to everyone at PBS who makes this possible.
6:55 I am so immature... 🤣🤣🤣
Damn beat me to it 😅
I saw that too!
Don't forget he also called it the Alpha process 😂😂😂
Me as an Outer Wilds enjoyer seeing the star activity ramping up and then multiplying 11 years by 2 and turning it into minutes 😱
I wish I had a gaming capable computer again- that looks like a brilliant game.
@@Deletiriumcloud streaming: poor man's gaming pc. (Well worth it)
@@Deletirium
I'd check the requirements. Outerwilds is actually pretty decent performance wise. In my experience
Just make sure you go in with the knowledge you'll be doing the same thing over and over and over and over. I hear lots of people like it, but it wasn't my cup of tea. I have too much Sisyphus in my life already.
@@blackshard641 Sorry it didn't click with you but it's not that type of game at all. It's only repetitive if you're choosing to do the same thing again. The whole system is filled with mysteries and you have to go everywhere and find all the clues to find out what's going on. Going to the same clue over and over won't result in much
I'm not upside down, *YOU'RE* upside down.
Damn it Matt, if you are going to talk about the sun flipping it's magnetic pole wearing a "Game Over" tee shirt, the tee should be in the merch store.
I know you meant "merch store" but that typo works a little too well. 😂
He wears cool Ts that aren't in the merch store way too often!!!
I did some looking online - the shirt is sold by the American Museum of Natural History.
I believe this is a legacy design from older Space Time merch
its*
This is a very good video, the part with the explanation for how the magnetic field flips and how the spots form couldn't have been explained better. I would even recommend it as a good visualisation for students starting Astronomy or Heliophysics
Isn't it also true that the Earth's magnetic field is about to flip, and hence is getting weaker and more disorganized?
No, the recent weakening of Earth's magnetic field (10% in the last 200 years) is not a sign there's a flip about to occur. The strength of the magnetic field fluctuates more than this all the time but flips only happen every five hundred thousand years, on average.
There's lots of pseudoscientific nonsense about pole flips out there on the Internet, but the people who actually know what they're talking about (i.e. Earth scientists) are not expecting anything to change anytime soon (as in the next few thousand years).
@@EnglishMike - Given what has been called "pseudoscience" and who has been called "charlatans" recently, I'm far lest trusting of those words than I once was, so I would appreciate a more detailed understanding of why the group of scientists you cite do not think the Earth's magnetic field will be flipping in the near future.
My chief reason for thinking it might is that the north magnetic pole has been moving around a lot more than it has in the past.
@@EnglishMike That 10% loss is like 10 to 20 years off...
@@EnglishMike How many geophysicists do you know?
@@Omnifarious0 There is a descent paper called "CATACLYSMIC POLARITY SHIFT
IS U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY PREPARED FOR THE NEXT
GEOMAGNETIC POLE REVERSAL?".
Actually, it's the other way around. The flux of cosmic rays is influenced by solar activity (via magnetic fields and wind). When activity is high, the flow decreases. The Sun protects us from galactic radiation :)
9:18 - Looks like the Dallas highway system!!! 😅
Last time I was in Dallas, the temperature there was also similar to the surface of the sun.
or an eggplant emoji
0:46 Aurora Borealis.
Really, what region?
Uh… upstate NY.
I'd be very curious to know the positions of Jupiter and Saturn during those peaks and valleys in the solar activity cycle...
I sincerely doubt such a simplistic correlation would have been overlooked by the entire community of solar scientists, especially for a subject that's so important for the space and power generating industries.
I saw another video that showed the 11-year cycle correspondence with alignment of Jupiter, Saturn and Venus
@@gragnaktube Those three planets go nowhere near aligning every 11 years.
@@gragnaktube You can find videos claiming just about anything on RUclips. The question is, was the video made by a credible source of science information?
@@EnglishMike Nope, the question is, is the information right or wrong? Don't fall for the Ad verecundiam fallacy!
Carrington event lets go!
that would be cherry on the top of current events
It's that or the Big One in California.
Speak for yourself! I like my electricity and computers.😂
@@5nowChain5 less likely but it could be the big one on the east coast, which wouldn’t even have to be that big to be the big one
@@ardas77at least we wouldn't have to worry about nuclear war anymore.
I think what the bigger question is, is are the earths magnetic poles flipping?
Average is 200,000 to 300,000 years and the last flip was 780,000. So we could be due. But a short search didn't show any clear signs. So we're likely good for now. I do wonder how it would affect our relatively Hi-Tech society. Satellite, electronics, etc.
@@MichaelDeHaven Magnetic excursions are way worse, way, way worse.
@@MichaelDeHaven A modern day Carrington event would be scary
10:22 for any given star, what factors might affect this time cycle? our's takes about 11 years, so would a more massive star take a longer time? the first things I think of are: mass, composition, and rotational speed to determine the length of such a cycle. is this process even comparable to any star or might there be more classification playing a part? like only main sequence stars falling under this ruleset to define their own magnetic fields and how they behave, for example
Let's not forget that some stars are 'fully convective' and don't have an isolated core like our sun does.
Perfect, yet another PBS Space Time video for me to fully 100% comprehend.
Is the earth magnetic field due to flip soon as well
Reposted from a reply to a similar comment..
Average is 200,000 to 300,000 years and the last flip was 780,000. So we could be due. But a short search didn't show any clear signs. So we're likely good for now. I do wonder how it would affect our relatively Hi-Tech society. Satellite, electronics, etc.
Ben over at @Suspicious0bservers has many opinions about it, he says we are in for a flip very soon. Pretty interesting and somewhat concerning
@@MichaelDeHaven @Suspicious0bservers has it happening in the next 25 years
Have you ever seen his channel be interested in your view of him
@@mckinleycard3065 Suspicious0bservers has many opinions, but that is all they are ... opinions.
6:56 Nothing phallic to see here folks!
Just move along, lol
Thank you for the bug report, the devs are now working on it.
(This comment is meant as a joke)
These people who figure this stuff out are so smart it's hard to fathom. Makes me feel like such a dope after thinking a couple good marks in undergraduate physics meant something.
You know what it took to get those marks. Now stare angrily at a physics problem for 8-12 hours a day for a decade and you know what it takes to move one tiny aspect of one specific category by a tiny amount.
If you have the problem solving capacity to do good in undergraduate physics then you also have the problem solving capacity to do good in high level physics. The question just is: do you want to stare angrily at the same problem for ages? Personally I don't have the fortitude. I can hyper focus on something for as long as it fascinates me, but not getting anywhere for a long time is also how I lose fascination rapidly....
@@andersjjensen It's understandable.
I remember when I first started Rotational motion and came across a question. I refused to ask my teacher for the solution because I wanted to do that on my own and it literally took me 4 days to figure out the solution after doing it every day at least 4-5 times. I was always missing some kind of force in the equation. Even after failing so many times, I was still ready to solve it and finally solved it just because I was so fascinated by it. I used to think about becoming a physics professor back then. And today I am a nowhere near becoming a physics professor or researcher. LMAO
I always look at things as trivial as opening/closing a gate and the physics behind it and wonder how can someone he not fascinated by it. But everyone's different.
Remember it’s a collection of many bright thinkers over the years. People working together to a better understanding.
Matt is there a practical why to "snap" a magnetic field lines dyi style at home? Like I have magnets how can I see this process in person?
I didn't expect the sun to be so kink friendly.
Sun's been around long enough to know not to kink shame. Besides that'd be pretty hypocritical
so many things can be measured by their traces in the geologic record, how do we tell what one thing is from? I'm very into paleontology (by which I mean I watch a lot of videos about it on youtube and think it's cool, certainly not an expert or even close to being one), and it seems like every 5 minutes they're measuring something else by the traces it leaves in the geologic record, how do we know that beryllium that we're using to measure the solar cycles isn't from one of a dozen other things that probably also leave traces of that isotope of beryllium?
I may need to watch the first half a couple times to fully grasp this...
Same. I just restarted it
Wish I could get it in English version.
@@vvvvxxxx9999 I feel ya...Sometimes it just sounds like word salad! lol...I can usually get it after I take my time and watch it a couple times though...
Matt - "It probably won’t be as strong as those in the peak of the modern maximum"...
Meanwhile the Sun - "Hold my beer!"
Perfect, yet another PBC Space Time video for me to fully 100% comprehend.
wow this was so informative ❤ i was told that “we don’t know where sunspots come from” back in school
So we shouldn't flip out.
ba dum tsss
I have some discoloured skin that my GP said were sunspots. Should I be worried about having a coronal mass ejection?
6:55 hehe
No kink shaming, please
That night in May with the arouras was awesome, I was outside on the phone not really thinking about it (I live southern AL, we don't get arouras and I had zero hope) and I saw a Starlink trail of satellites randomly. Thought that would be the highlight of stargazing for the night, but eventually I noticed the sky towards the north was a purple-ish color and put two and two together. My eyes only really saw a colorful night sky, but I took some longer exposures on camera and it looked amazing, made me want to take a trip up north to see the real thing one day. Kinda hoping the sun really pops off and rips us a new one so I can see some pretty lights from my backyard lol.
The important information is when the magnetic field of the Earth will flip.
Since the process is basically unknowable, unpredictable, and unchangeable what difference would any knowledge make?
@@reubenj.cogburn8546 Mass producing upside-down compasses in advance.
@@reubenj.cogburn8546practice in reading a back to front compass.
These things take time.
I dont remember a decade, up until now, where the Northern lights were visible so far south as they were this year.
Is there a second solar cycle as well as the 11 year period?
😅 6:54
Coronal mass erection
Never knew the Coriolis effect made them lines freaky like that.
Okay fine, that joke wasn't funny.
9:12 heehehehehe....
I keep trying to tell my friends and family about CMEs and what could happen. They all think im some doomsday conspiracy theorist. They dont understand that it's not a theory, its an actual event that has happened already. The Carrington event. Its crazy how clueless everyday humans are, they all seem to think that the world we live in now will never go away.
Faraday cages at the ready! They'll come running to you if it happens!
Engineering claims to have prepared for such events. Meaning that they believe that they can limit the damage. I wouldn't worry much. Life will go on.
@@vvvvxxxx9999 electric companys don't want to invest in the safety's precautions though. It'll cost billions to protect us from CMEs and they think our chances are too low for them to spend so much
ive been following another channel that has been talking about this topic for years.
micro nova and pole shift incoming.
Next thursday at 7:34 pm PST is my guess.
and 12 seconds
Today i learned about the kinky processes of the suns magnetic field B===D
Not all experts expected low activity in this cycle.
None of them are experts in regard to predicting the strength of a cycle. The one that's closest will have fluked it.
It would be fun for a change 😅 It would be really nice if no nuclear weapons work anymore ❤
Heads it will flip, Tails it wont...
5:12 The Omega Process I read that, it's by John Grisham isn't it?
This was fast.
Magnets, how do they work?
to give you guys the short version.
The sun's got some gas and it's about ready to pass.
The sun is a mass of incandescent gas, a gigantic nuclear furnace.
Can someone please explain to me why magnetic field lines are always getting such active and concrete descriptors?
"Looped; kinked; the lines did this; the lines did that; the lines ordered me pizza." Are we not just talking about a theoretical visual aid for our plots and diagrams? You never hear of such autonomy ascribed to contour lines on a map, or even electric field lines for that matter. So why are magnetic field lines allowed such animosity?
(I always figured it was simply because 1) iron shavings get clumpy, and therefore 2) everyone's middle school teachers collectively got a bit overzealous regarding the explainability of what was being observed. But clearly there's more to it, if the smart kids' table here subscribes to letting the magnetic field lines themselves call the shots in the sun's interior. Let me guess: it's shorthand for the shape in space of the collective angular momentum of local charged particles in the plasma, vis-a-vis induction?)
HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE MICROPLASTICS IN MY BALLS?
You tell us!
On second thoughts .... 😆
It won't
They are large enough to have their own gravity
Solar experts are as accurate as hurricane experts in their predictions
So quite good then and continuously getting better. These stats are freely available and come up as the first result when you search "accuracy of hurricane predictions" from HurricaneScience.
It's already quite an accomplishment we can predict something at all.
@@tabularasa0606 ancient human civilizations predicted more than we predict now days and where way more advanced. Our current civilization has been dumbed down so bad it's not even funny anymore. Example Egyptians, Mesopotamia, India, China, Persia and Rome
If the power where to go out tomorrow our so called advanced civilization would crumble without electricity. (CME from the sun) The civilizations I listed above had no electricity and where way more advanced without it.
Rid the world of oligarchs and their man made religion and we will have world peace. Before oligarchs we worshiped nature and the stars and lived in harmony with one another.
@@CraftySasquatchYou have an unusual way of using the word “advanced”.
Also, you are incorrect when you say they could make better predictions.
Our ancestors were no idiots. It's thanks to their efforts, we are where we are. But they definitely didn't know nearly as much as we do today. Some knowledge may have been tragically lost. But we are far more competent now, as a species.
As far as electricity. Yeah. But we crossed that bridge long ago. You could make the same argument for most of our technology. Metal working, fertilizer, etc. Heck, just plain old agriculture or living in stationary locations were massive turning points. Each where the previous can't support the new population, if we tried to go back. But this is what our species does. We adapt and learn. As long as we do it wisely we'll be fine.
Glad to hear its not astrophage. That would be bad. Bad bad bad.
1st comment
From INDIA
Rising Flux Tubes is the name of my new prog rock group
Love his shirt need one bad sun is gonna eat us alive where did you get it and how do I get one?
The same thing happens with the Earth…
If the magnetic field of the sun flips, wouldnt this also mean that the currents inside the sun also reverse direction?
I thought that I was understanding this thing, thanks a lot!
Excellent point, but the rotation remains the same. Something doesn't jive here.
That's extraordinary! I always wondered how the pole reversal happened.
The sun is kinky, gotcha.
Another important science lesson, thats why I keep coming back to this channel.
Finally my life will have a new direction!
That storm knocked out the power in Alamosa Colorado. It took almost 5 hours to get it back on. All the restaurants, stores and traffic lights out. Walmart has an independent system, I think the whole town went there.
This is the first channel I subscribed to on utube, I still get just as excited as in the beginning! Matt thank you for explaining it all in a way that give me hope I'll understand it all someday... if I listen to the episodes enough times and my IQ increases as well!
If I could make out with this channel I would. It gets my torodial fields fluxing, if you know what I mean.
Saucy!
I can't overstate the value of this channel. Thank you!
Back in Cycle 21, several members of my developmental cohort and I visited the communal recreation facility within our habitation tract. We saw Flux Tube open for Omega Process. Many of us count this as our most preferred memory of communal recreation -- even now, well into Cycle 25!
Only a (roughly) 11 year cycle? Didn't scientists used to think there was at least another, much-longer cycle that wasn't a multiple of 11? Also, how sure are we about the internal structure of the Sun? We only just found Earth's "innermost" layer, so would imagine the Sun could have deeper layers that would have their own cycles.
We still know very little. We have 24 decently documented cycles. Too few to draw any reasonable conclusions. What we know about sun's structure is based on observing sun's vibrations and seeing how they change after passing through deeper layers. It is called helioseismology and, as you can imagine, it has big limitations. Also the energy takes from 10 000 to 100 000 years to travel from core through radiative zone so what we observe on the surface has been caused by event tens thousands years ago.
I love the theory for why the sun's magnetic field is so loopy
Thanks for this video, Matt! This really puts together an extraordinary insight into our Sun's inner workings. It makes much better sense to me now! Bravo!
No idea, but if it does it will go really well with the election.
Thank you pbs space time for another great vid
I was actually able to follow this episode!!