Just wait for a bit, one day the magnetic field will deplete because the core of the earth stops rotating, and then we'll all be microwaved by the invisible stuff going through space, and solar winds will tke away all of our oxygen.
The earth is not a permanent magnet, but an electromagnet. The earth has a magnetic field because the convection currents of molten iron and nickel in the earth's outer core create electric currents, which generate the magnetic field that extends into space, turns our compasses, and protects earth from ionizing radiation from solar winds and cosmic rays. Every several hundred thousand years or so, a geomagnetic reversal occurs, and the north and south poles reverse. Reversals are not instantaneous--they take place over a period of hundreds to thousands of years. We wouldn’t know that a reversal is happening until it was half over, so predicting the occurrence of a reversal based on the current state of the magnetic field is extremely difficult. Geomagnetic excursions are similar but don't result in "permanent” re-orientations, and are rather short-lived changes in field intensity and orientation of up to 45°. They typically only last a few thousand to a few tens of thousands of years, and often involve declines in field strength to between 0 and 20% of normal. Unlike full reversals, excursions are generally not recorded around the entire globe, are are poorly defined in the geologic record.
the magnetic field of the earth comes from convection currents in the molten metal, not from the solid iron core. The rotation causes movement of electrons, which generates a magnetic field, so it's an entirely different mechanism than ferromagnetism
Thank you so much for linking to the interactive periodic table and especially the periodic table of videos. I'd never heard of the videos before but I can't stop watching them now.
I was going to say that you should include PeriodicVideos but didn't because they're chem and you're physics BUT YOU DID ANYWAY. Thank you. Triple awesomeness.
I watched all your videos about magnets just today coz I'm darn curious, but one thing i can't understand is it's origin (am i right? Origin?) the thing called "Tiny Magnets" OR "intrinsic magnetic moment" If you could make a video about it we'd be glad and can fully understand the magnetic moment of everything
No, something much cooler happens: superconductivity. Superconductors conduct with no resistance, and they have a magnetic field that's both attractive and repulsive.
Heat can destroy my magnets. Can cold destroy magnets? I have found geocaches in the woods which were supposed to be magnetic but aren't. I always thought it was the cold that ruined the magnetism, but maybe it was the heat. Which element are they probably using to create these magnets?
Im not a physics genius, but I believe that cold cant destroy magnetism. Because magnetism is movement of electric charges and if you cool the Magnet the particles will only slow down, when you heat it up they speed up. Im not entirely sure about this if im wrong someone please correct me.
Thank you for the time and effort put into all that you do. You guys really do make physics simple and understandable. Have you thought about publishing textbooks?
Very cool. I have been getting into forging steel lately. one of the steps is to heat the blades up to a point of non magnetism before quenching in oil. Now i know what is going on! thank you!
Hi Darina, I might be wrong, but I think: 1. due to hight temperature, the electrons leave the iron atoms. 2. electrons repel eachother and than they find an equilibium's points equidistant from earth's center, forming a electron cloud 3. Earth's rotation drags this electron's cloud generating a negative current 4. Earth's rotation drags the iron atoms too creating a positive current.
I didn't know all the exact science, but I knew that heating a magnet destroys it. I'm studying blacksmithing in school and this is a key part to tempering metal! You need to start by heating a metal to its critical temperature, and that occurs right after it looses its magnetic properties! It's pretty interesting to know the exact science behind it now! Thanks :3
If you induce alignment before it falls back below the Curie temperature then yes, you can turn it back into a magnet. This is actually how we know that the Earth's poles have moved around and flipped a number of times since its creation. Magma is above the Curie temp, so it is influenced by the Earth's electromagnetic field, then once it cools the atoms' mag fields are fixed, so by observing the mag direction in a rock layer, we know how the elec-mag field was oriented when the rock was formed.
According to the chart, Neodymium magnets (Nd2Fe14B), are made of paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and diamagnetic atoms. What makes these magnets so strong. And I really hope you do one to explain diamagnetic. That's a cool property to play with.
Brilliant! I played with the interactive table and looked at the solid/liquid transition of iron, and its Curie temperature... then I suddenly wondered how the Earth's core could be molten and still ferromagnetic. The answer is that it's not ALL molten. I went on a very interesting trip through the web, discovering stuff. Thanks, Minute Physics! :)
The easiest way to describe what is happening is that an object will be less dense than an object at a lower temperature. This causes it to rise above the cooler object. The closer you are to the Earth's core, the hooter it is. So metal at the bottom will heat up and rise, before being pushed to the side by more rising metal. The metal then cools down and sinks back to the core, then gets pushed aside once more. The metal is then heated up, continuing the circular cycle. I hope that helps you.
It is constantly spinning, keeping its particles moving in the same direction and facing the same way also, when you heat up smaller magnets, or drop them, the particles get faced in different directions. A magnet only works if most of the particles are facing the same direction. (all lined up north and south). Unless, the object is spinning (core), or electric currents are running through (electromagnets). And sometimes it is both, which make tiny cool engine-like toys.
If you'd like to know the answer to this, i suggest reading up on geodynamo and the coriolis effect. Basically, the swirling liquid iron generates an electric current, and thus a magnetic field. Due to the coriolis effect, seperate magnetic fields are aligned in the same direction, and viola.
Hey, I like audible and I use it t\o my very happy advantage, I'm glad that they sponsor lots of stuff! Especially intelligent things like this show and Death Battle.
heating up a section of wire is like adding a resistor , V=IR states that with a constant voltage as the resistance increases the current decreases, if the current stays constant then the voltage decreases and if you heat it up enough the resistance will be so great that the voltage will be negligible and render the circuit useless ( possibly even stopping the current altogether)
When the material cools down, the alignment of each particle gets locked in. Just heating it and cooling it down will result in randomized alignments, but if you cool it in the presence of a powerful outside magnetic field, the particles will lock aligned to the field. This is how commercial magnets are made. Heat the material past the curie point, apply a powerful field (usually using an electromagnet) and let the material cool. The particles will lock in alignment parallel to the field!
In addition to arsenic, other mistakes include: Astatine-liquid between 575 to 610. Francium only list a solid states, and many actinides only list two phases when most have calculated melting and boiling point now. Also almost anything with 2 phases shows liquid as the second phase even when it should be a gas.
When you open the door quickly, the air from the outside doesn't have enough time to move into the area inside, which causes the inside to have a lower pressure as volume and pressure are inversely proportional.
This actually makes a lot of sense. In NMR machines, liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen are used to keep a magnet superconductive. I never considered the fact that/why raising the temperature would straight up destroy that magnetism.
Perfect, entire explanation better than my lectures. Interesting that this is apparently easier to understand without the maths contrary to most of physics.
Sorta continuing from minutephysic's response, it's still possible to align the domains after they've been disordered by cooling them in a strong magnetic field, like from an electromagnet.
That is correct, you can solidify helium under a certain pressure, but under normal pressure, it has a property known as superfluidity, which basically means it's a liquid that defies physics. It propels itself further out. I guess it's like when we tried to freeze hydrogen and couldn't because the pure movement of the electron kept it above 0.
I hate it when people begin a comment with "Hi" and end it with "thanks", its not an email you don't need to be formal, and hundreds of people are already commenting so its not like you need and introduction...
my question aswell:) Would be cool to have a paramegnet that is destroyed just above freezing point, that way you would have a magnet that clings to a metal when the temperature is below that point, would be a cool temperatureindicator.
I believe that in the previous video it was stated that the two are actually the same thing. Inasmuch as heat is the thing that causes the atomic magnets to no longer be aligned in the material of the magnet, heat should similarly affect the conductive material of the electromagnet making it less magnetic. I don't know the details of this, but the superconductors used in things like MRIs need to be supercooled in order to make them work, so heat is definitely a factor.
I'm not altogether sure, as I am still learning these properties, but I think that it stays in its disorderly state when it re-solidifies and then to revert the poles to alignment you need a really strong magnetic field or other magnet.
Hey minutephysics, I would like to see you do a video on friction. I have a theory on friction that has been seen successful so far and would like to see what you can say about it looking all the way down to the basics and its connection to quantum physics. I would really appreciate this.
Awesome video, though I do have a question. A while back, I did a basic knife smithing course, where y instructor talked about using a magnet to find out when a piece of steel you are heating up has hit non-magnetic temperature. He also talked about how as the steel heats up, it will momentarily stop heating up (or slow down) as it transitions to a paramagnetic state. He said it uses energy to make this transition. Is this true, and if so, why?
Because of an effect called "convection". In short: If material is caught between a hot (the inner core) and a cold (the crust) border, it will begin to form flows in between to exchange the heat. Throw in the coriolis force, and you get a steady stream of material around the core.
Yes, it's called the Quark Epoch it lasted from 10^-12 seconds to 10^-6 seconds after Inflation. During this time the electro-magnetic force, the weak force and the strong force were combined. gravity was the first of the four to become effective.
Id say because it's still solid. The fact magnets are destroyed at the mentioned temperature in the vid is because at the surface those magnets would be liquid, however the core is solid and thus the atoms within the core can't go out of alignment like they would in a liquid.
Ideally, by slowly cooling the hot iron in an external magnetic field, giving the atoms enough time to align themselves again. If it cools to quickly or there is no external field, multiple "domains" with different alignments will emerge and cancel each other out.
EDIT: Okay I was wrong. Superconductivity does not induces perfect conductivity. When a metal enters a superconductive state it completely ejects its magnetic filed lines from its body, something called "Meissner effect".
Good question. I think it depends on the material, however. I don't think any material would re-magnetize on it's own, though, it would probably have to be induced in an external magnetic field.
Well at 0:52 Henry explains that if you put a non magnetic material made from a magnetic element in a strong magnetic field the atoms aline. So yes, it's possible to repair a magnet. You just need a strong magnetic field to do so.
Yes but only if there is a temperature in which the material stops conducting electricity, not due to the reasons explained in this video. since conduction in metals decreases as temperature increases due to more lattice vibrations, once passed a certain temperature, the metal might stop conducting, not sure if this actually occurs, but if this does, since the metal no longer conducts electricity, no magnetic field will be induced.
Convection. The solid inner core heats the liquid inner core, much like a pot of water is heated by the heating element on your stove. The molten metal near the core becomes hotter than the parts above it, becoming less dense and rising. This pushes the cooler metal down towards the core, where it is heated, and the cycle begins again.
In fact heat does hinder electron movements in most materials (amorphous carbon being a notable exception), whether these are due to magnetism or applied voltage. Heating the wire will increase its resistance, so the current will decrease and the magnetism with it. The current in all parts of a series circuit is indeed the same, but there's no reason it can't change over time.
So, to create a ferromagnetic magnet, you'd have to heat up the appropriate metal and then cool it down in a strong magnetic field? Or would a "melted" magnet just resume being ferromagnetic once it cools down?
The core is under such strong pressure that atoms are locked in place, which is also why the core is theorized to be solid in substance despite how hot it is.
I love it when my favorite science blogs reference each other! :D Thanks, Henry! I'll stop playing with magnets in hot places now....
So can that magnet be restored after cooling by applying magnetic field on it?
I think so. I didnt listen to the whole video as yet
Happy to see the periodic videos clips through your channel....two of the greatest youtube channels ever to exist
I will now use this information to destroy the earth magnetic field so I end humanity mmwwhahahaha
Good luck with that, the sun has been trying to do that for millennia! XD
Just wait for a bit, one day the magnetic field will deplete because the core of the earth stops rotating, and then we'll all be microwaved by the invisible stuff going through space, and solar winds will tke away all of our oxygen.
The earths magnetic field is getting weaker, scientist don’t know why!
Only in 2020
@@rustyhelm93 🤦♂️
The earth is not a permanent magnet, but an electromagnet. The earth has a magnetic field because the convection currents of molten iron and nickel in the earth's outer core create electric currents, which generate the magnetic field that extends into space, turns our compasses, and protects earth from ionizing radiation from solar winds and cosmic rays.
Every several hundred thousand years or so, a geomagnetic reversal occurs, and the north and south poles reverse. Reversals are not instantaneous--they take place over a period of hundreds to thousands of years. We wouldn’t know that a reversal is happening until it was half over, so predicting the occurrence of a reversal based on the current state of the magnetic field is extremely difficult.
Geomagnetic excursions are similar but don't result in "permanent” re-orientations, and are rather short-lived changes in field intensity and orientation of up to 45°. They typically only last a few thousand to a few tens of thousands of years, and often involve declines in field strength to between 0 and 20% of normal. Unlike full reversals, excursions are generally not recorded around the entire globe, are are poorly defined in the geologic record.
ok so what about the core of the earth and its liquid iron? is the core not hot enough to destroy the magnetic bonds?
i thought that the inner core had so much pressure that it was a solid.
justurrandomguy yup
justurrandomguy Indeed, if it weren't for the pressure the magnetic force exuded would be un-done.
the magnetic field of the earth comes from convection currents in the molten metal, not from the solid iron core. The rotation causes movement of electrons, which generates a magnetic field, so it's an entirely different mechanism than ferromagnetism
justurrandomguy no, a magnet doesn't have to be liquid, it just has to be pretty friggin' hot, which the earths core is.
Could you elaborate more on anti ferromagnetism? I've never heard of it before and it sounds fascinating.
Thank you so much for linking to the interactive periodic table and especially the periodic table of videos. I'd never heard of the videos before but I can't stop watching them now.
I was going to say that you should include PeriodicVideos but didn't because they're chem and you're physics BUT YOU DID ANYWAY. Thank you. Triple awesomeness.
I watched all your videos about magnets just today coz I'm darn curious, but one thing i can't understand is it's origin (am i right? Origin?) the thing called "Tiny Magnets" OR "intrinsic magnetic moment" If you could make a video about it we'd be glad and can fully understand the magnetic moment of everything
Can you reverse this process by cooling the magnet?
You will have to re magnetize the magnet after you have done that.
semiconductors work this way maybe?
Sometimes
Jin Kwon no you can’t.
No, something much cooler happens: superconductivity. Superconductors conduct with no resistance, and they have a magnetic field that's both attractive and repulsive.
What a great interactive periodic table website! Thanks minutephysics and periodicvideos. Such an invaluable teaching/learning tool!
WHOO HOO HENRY!! i miss minute physics and every time i get that longing for it boom u fulfill my needs :D
THANK YOU HENRY AND EVERYONE WIT MIN PHYS!!
Heat can destroy my magnets. Can cold destroy magnets? I have found geocaches in the woods which were supposed to be magnetic but aren't. I always thought it was the cold that ruined the magnetism, but maybe it was the heat. Which element are they probably using to create these magnets?
Im not a physics genius, but I believe that cold cant destroy magnetism. Because magnetism is movement of electric charges and if you cool the Magnet the particles will only slow down, when you heat it up they speed up. Im not entirely sure about this if im wrong someone please correct me.
***** Reminds me of a video of a liquid nitrogen cooled ring, floating around in one direction in a circle over a larger ring.
Who came for that interactive periodic table? :D
I did!
Henry, thank you for the Interactive Periodic Table. It's a very nice link, I couldn't leave it till now but it's in my bookmarks.
This is the best MinutePhysics video I've seen in, what seems like, a long time..
minutechemistry
Actually that was still physics
are there gay magnets.
Yeah and it's made for you
Ouch
or let them be.
GAYCIST FREAKS WHYYY
Brandon Largo oo
Loved the interactive periodic table!
Thank you for the time and effort put into all that you do. You guys really do make physics simple and understandable. Have you thought about publishing textbooks?
So cool!
Thanks for showing us this
Wow an interactive video? There's only so much you can do from the other side of youtube. But Henry is just awesome.
Keep up the great work. I look forward to every video you make. Thank you.
That interactive table is a hidden jewel.
Hey. Your periodic table of elements is GREAT. Bookmarked to show to my children
I have tried this and it works. I research for 10 minutes on how to nullify the effects of magnet and now I will research on how to make a magnet.
oh my gosh, thanks for that link to the periodic table of videos. its so awesome!!
Minute physics is getting more badass. Information density.
Very cool. I have been getting into forging steel lately. one of the steps is to heat the blades up to a point of non magnetism before quenching in oil. Now i know what is going on! thank you!
thanks for the caption, I'm from another country and its caption makes me understand better your videos. "thank you for reading."
Ah, that is a valid point. I'm glad we've had this thoughtful and intelligent discussion.
I LOVE The Disappearing Spoon! such a great read :D
Dude you rock, you actually make me want to study physics and learn more.
Hi Darina,
I might be wrong,
but I think:
1. due to hight temperature, the electrons leave the iron atoms.
2. electrons repel eachother and than they find an equilibium's points equidistant from earth's center, forming a electron cloud
3. Earth's rotation drags this electron's cloud generating a negative current
4. Earth's rotation drags the iron atoms too creating a positive current.
That interactive periodic table is amazing !!
I didn't know all the exact science, but I knew that heating a magnet destroys it. I'm studying blacksmithing in school and this is a key part to tempering metal! You need to start by heating a metal to its critical temperature, and that occurs right after it looses its magnetic properties! It's pretty interesting to know the exact science behind it now! Thanks :3
Awesome periodic table Henry! :)
If you induce alignment before it falls back below the Curie temperature then yes, you can turn it back into a magnet. This is actually how we know that the Earth's poles have moved around and flipped a number of times since its creation. Magma is above the Curie temp, so it is influenced by the Earth's electromagnetic field, then once it cools the atoms' mag fields are fixed, so by observing the mag direction in a rock layer, we know how the elec-mag field was oriented when the rock was formed.
I just love videos with Professor Poliakoff in them.
According to the chart, Neodymium magnets (Nd2Fe14B), are made of paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and diamagnetic atoms. What makes these magnets so strong.
And I really hope you do one to explain diamagnetic. That's a cool property to play with.
Brilliant! I played with the interactive table and looked at the solid/liquid transition of iron, and its Curie temperature... then I suddenly wondered how the Earth's core could be molten and still ferromagnetic. The answer is that it's not ALL molten. I went on a very interesting trip through the web, discovering stuff. Thanks, Minute Physics! :)
now i know about magnets and how they work! can u make a video about rocks and how they work? i have a school assignment on rocks and minarals.
The easiest way to describe what is happening is that an object will be less dense than an object at a lower temperature. This causes it to rise above the cooler object.
The closer you are to the Earth's core, the hooter it is. So metal at the bottom will heat up and rise, before being pushed to the side by more rising metal. The metal then cools down and sinks back to the core, then gets pushed aside once more. The metal is then heated up, continuing the circular cycle. I hope that helps you.
you learn something new every day
I read the disappearing spoon a few months ago. It was SO good!!!
It is constantly spinning, keeping its particles moving in the same direction and facing the same way also, when you heat up smaller magnets, or drop them, the particles get faced in different directions. A magnet only works if most of the particles are facing the same direction. (all lined up north and south). Unless, the object is spinning (core), or electric currents are running through (electromagnets). And sometimes it is both, which make tiny cool engine-like toys.
If you'd like to know the answer to this, i suggest reading up on geodynamo and the coriolis effect.
Basically, the swirling liquid iron generates an electric current, and thus a magnetic field. Due to the coriolis effect, seperate magnetic fields are aligned in the same direction, and viola.
Hey, I like audible and I use it t\o my very happy advantage, I'm glad that they sponsor lots of stuff! Especially intelligent things like this show and Death Battle.
heating up a section of wire is like adding a resistor , V=IR states that with a constant voltage as the resistance increases the current decreases, if the current stays constant then the voltage decreases and if you heat it up enough the resistance will be so great that the voltage will be negligible and render the circuit useless ( possibly even stopping the current altogether)
I wanted to use the Interactive periodic table but you're video is in the way!
When the material cools down, the alignment of each particle gets locked in. Just heating it and cooling it down will result in randomized alignments, but if you cool it in the presence of a powerful outside magnetic field, the particles will lock aligned to the field. This is how commercial magnets are made. Heat the material past the curie point, apply a powerful field (usually using an electromagnet) and let the material cool. The particles will lock in alignment parallel to the field!
Shout out to Audible.com sponsoring everything online
In addition to arsenic, other mistakes include:
Astatine-liquid between 575 to 610.
Francium only list a solid states, and many actinides only list two phases when most have calculated melting and boiling point now.
Also almost anything with 2 phases shows liquid as the second phase even when it should be a gas.
Man I love videos by you
When you open the door quickly, the air from the outside doesn't have enough time to move into the area inside, which causes the inside to have a lower pressure as volume and pressure are inversely proportional.
He did a video called" Magnets: How do they work?" last week. He elaborates a bit more in that video:)
This actually makes a lot of sense. In NMR machines, liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen are used to keep a magnet superconductive. I never considered the fact that/why raising the temperature would straight up destroy that magnetism.
Perfect, entire explanation better than my lectures. Interesting that this is apparently easier to understand without the maths contrary to most of physics.
Sorta continuing from minutephysic's response, it's still possible to align the domains after they've been disordered by cooling them in a strong magnetic field, like from an electromagnet.
You are awesome Henry!
Wow! Thank you for your interactive table!
That interactive table is awsome!
That is correct, you can solidify helium under a certain pressure, but under normal pressure, it has a property known as superfluidity, which basically means it's a liquid that defies physics. It propels itself further out. I guess it's like when we tried to freeze hydrogen and couldn't because the pure movement of the electron kept it above 0.
I hate it when people begin a comment with "Hi" and end it with "thanks",
its not an email you don't need to be formal, and hundreds of people are already commenting so its not like you need and introduction...
awesome video as always
wow, i like the way you built the periodic table thing..
Did you do it just for the video?
Cool interactive table btw, just need a few more improvement like overlapping of some text boxes, but other than that, its great
I imagine that this was painstaking to make :), good job guys!
my question aswell:)
Would be cool to have a paramegnet that is destroyed just above freezing point, that way you would have a magnet that clings to a metal when the temperature is below that point, would be a cool temperatureindicator.
The periodic table is so DARN awesome
Great video as always thanks and continue please
I believe that in the previous video it was stated that the two are actually the same thing. Inasmuch as heat is the thing that causes the atomic magnets to no longer be aligned in the material of the magnet, heat should similarly affect the conductive material of the electromagnet making it less magnetic. I don't know the details of this, but the superconductors used in things like MRIs need to be supercooled in order to make them work, so heat is definitely a factor.
So, could you repair a neodymium magnet the same way but with powerful magnets to align the atoms when its heated ?
Coooool periodic table of the elements!
I'm not altogether sure, as I am still learning these properties, but I think that it stays in its disorderly state when it re-solidifies and then to revert the poles to alignment you need a really strong magnetic field or other magnet.
I absolutely love the Interactive Periodic Table. I am confused in the most wonderful way!
Hey minutephysics, I would like to see you do a video on friction. I have a theory on friction that has been seen successful so far and would like to see what you can say about it looking all the way down to the basics and its connection to quantum physics. I would really appreciate this.
Awesome video, though I do have a question. A while back, I did a basic knife smithing course, where y instructor talked about using a magnet to find out when a piece of steel you are heating up has hit non-magnetic temperature. He also talked about how as the steel heats up, it will momentarily stop heating up (or slow down) as it transitions to a paramagnetic state. He said it uses energy to make this transition. Is this true, and if so, why?
Because of an effect called "convection". In short: If material is caught between a hot (the inner core) and a cold (the crust) border, it will begin to form flows in between to exchange the heat. Throw in the coriolis force, and you get a steady stream of material around the core.
Awesome periodic table, thanks!
MinutePhysics, can you do a video on Plasma, I.E. the fourth type of matter? Would love to see one about that.
FINALLY, a pretty good video!
Yes, it's called the Quark Epoch it lasted from 10^-12 seconds to 10^-6 seconds after Inflation. During this time the electro-magnetic force, the weak force and the strong force were combined. gravity was the first of the four to become effective.
Id say because it's still solid.
The fact magnets are destroyed at the mentioned temperature in the vid is because at the surface those magnets would be liquid, however the core is solid and thus the atoms within the core can't go out of alignment like they would in a liquid.
Ideally, by slowly cooling the hot iron in an external magnetic field, giving the atoms enough time to align themselves again. If it cools to quickly or there is no external field, multiple "domains" with different alignments will emerge and cancel each other out.
EDIT: Okay I was wrong. Superconductivity does not induces perfect conductivity. When a metal enters a superconductive state it completely ejects its magnetic filed lines from its body, something called "Meissner effect".
Good question. I think it depends on the material, however. I don't think any material would re-magnetize on it's own, though, it would probably have to be induced in an external magnetic field.
Well at 0:52 Henry explains that if you put a non magnetic material made from a magnetic element in a strong magnetic field the atoms aline. So yes, it's possible to repair a magnet. You just need a strong magnetic field to do so.
Nice work!
Good info!!!
That's a great idea! :D I bet if I wish hard enough, it'll become interactive.
I love that book!!!
I really like the app man :) Is it yours, or did you find it elsewhere? :-)
Yes but only if there is a temperature in which the material stops conducting electricity, not due to the reasons explained in this video. since conduction in metals decreases as temperature increases due to more lattice vibrations, once passed a certain temperature, the metal might stop conducting, not sure if this actually occurs, but if this does, since the metal no longer conducts electricity, no magnetic field will be induced.
Convection. The solid inner core heats the liquid inner core, much like a pot of water is heated by the heating element on your stove. The molten metal near the core becomes hotter than the parts above it, becoming less dense and rising. This pushes the cooler metal down towards the core, where it is heated, and the cycle begins again.
Loved the video and the table, thanks! :-)
In fact heat does hinder electron movements in most materials (amorphous carbon being a notable exception), whether these are due to magnetism or applied voltage.
Heating the wire will increase its resistance, so the current will decrease and the magnetism with it. The current in all parts of a series circuit is indeed the same, but there's no reason it can't change over time.
AWESOME VIDEO!!!
So, to create a ferromagnetic magnet, you'd have to heat up the appropriate metal and then cool it down in a strong magnetic field? Or would a "melted" magnet just resume being ferromagnetic once it cools down?
The core is under such strong pressure that atoms are locked in place, which is also why the core is theorized to be solid in substance despite how hot it is.