This has been a fascinating concise overview of the history. I am deeply grateful for this, I couldn't help but constantly be engaged with it. Very well done sir!
Great video. Loved it. I just want to know the Arabic version of Ibn Rushd quote that you put at the end "ignorance leads to fear, fear leads to hate, and hate leads to violence. this is the equation".. it's original source from Arabic.
Duuuuuuuuuuude! gotta salute your dedication. This is exeptional. The extensive research, hard work, and hours you put in, is truly commendable. Learned so much. Thank you for this! Please don't ever stop educating us! :3
Thanksss 😃. Deviating from the standard practice here at almostwise, you won’t have to wait another 6 months for part 2. Dropping next friday inshallah 👊🏼😃
It was a lot to take in in one sitting, I'll have to watch it again to absorb more :) BTW 'learned' as a synonym for 'knowledgeable' (e.g. 'my learned colleague') is pronounced with two syllables, i.e. lern-id (rhymes with 'hid') - you'll sometimes see it written in old texts as 'learnèd' - forgive the pedantry, you write more elegantly than I ever will but this minor error snagged my ear while enjoying your dulcet delivery :)
السلام علیکم Man, what a great video. The editing, voice, content and narration is insane. You deserve more views!!!!! Dont stop making these videos, enrich in knowledge. You have our support. May Allah grant you success in this life and the afterlife. Ameen
Hey! I'm generally part of the silent majority but I have to say, videos like these are what makes youtube amazing so thank you for your work and dedication! (I assume this video took forever) It's hard to believe you have so few subscribers and because of it this video probably won't get the attention it deserves so I want make it clear (because I want you to continue making these) that your efforts are very much appreciated, many people like me who usually don't comment feel the same and that those two hours really flew by (it's so well paced). I'll definitely recommend your channel to anyone even vaguely interested in the topic, it's an amazing introduction! And thank you for giving references! Also sorry if anyone already asked you but do you have a university background on the topic or are you simply curious about it?
Hey! Thanks a lot for taking the time out and commenting. Getting one of these once in a while makes it all worth it. Sometimes I wonder why do I spend months reading and researching for these videos which would perhaps forever remain obscure under the rubble of mass consumed media here on youtube. I have nothing to feed to its algorithm. But the process itself is what I am in love with. Everything else becomes secondary. And when kind people like yourself take the time out to express that it indeed matters in some capacity then it is all the more lovely. Thanks
@@almostwise Assalamualiakum Arkam! I'm commenting here without watching your video, because I'm still giving a second go to Al-muqadimmah's. However, I've saved your's for later. This video of yours (topic/concept) is truly a rarity. I rarely comment on videos and subscribe to few channels but I've done both of these for your channel without watching any of your videos (yet). Why? Well, other than the fact that I want to be a very early subscriber to a future great channel, reading your comment here, I see a person that is myself! Yes, I was planning on doing exactly what you're doing and I would've posted exactly the same reply as you did (esp. that algorithm and academic background thing). You're the future me, only difference is I'm too lazy to take a start. So glad I found you, I'll be keeping an eye on your channel/progress and learn from someone who's already steps ahead of me on the same road. Sorry I can't comment on the video's content yet but topic/concept of your video is truly one of a kind; and if it's worth any motivation, I whole-heartedly support you and encourage you to keep this thing going strong. May Allah give you more success, aameen. 😇🤗
@@Eddy-Cool hey that’s a new for me. A subscriber who is so thorough and generous in his comment without even watching my content. It’s a good feeling to have such an experience so thank you for the comment 😀 If you track the history of my channel you would know that I am indeed extremely lazy too 🙂 I need more hedayat to work on the channel more.
either your voice is naturally that deep or there's something wrong with the sound. Because it doesn't compliment the background music and is a bit difficult to listen to. I'm sorry if this is coming off as ungrateful it's just that i believe such an important topic demands good production. Keep up the good work !!
Yes bro, there was something with the sound being not as melodic or clear. Maybe it was the deepness. I am only saying this as constructive feedback as audio is really the beef of any video. Other than that, you could also add subtitles. They literally increase the comprehension of the video, and this can be applied to your older videos as well.. No doubt, this video is gold of knowledge.
Reality is a lot more complicated than that. Summery of Islam: Islam have deep roots from Creed schools to Jurisprudence schools to Sufi schools (beneficence). to be a proper Muslim you have to follow one of each school and basically that's the main stream Islam. They are sects ofc that don't recognize these, like the famous Salafism who follow only a specific Creed school mainly and recognize the rest as heretics, for Jurisprudence they either interpret alone or see what majority of schools agree upon but they condemn following one school , and for Sufism they considered them all heretics.
Salam. Would it be possible to share the text version with me? It is very difficult to follow and digest the video. Some youtubers sell the text version which mean a bit support for them and ease for those who love to read.
It is nice to be acquainted with the Qadari and Mu'tazila schools of thought. I believe if these schools had continued their activities, it's quite certain the Arabic world would have been sophisticated for centuries to come. However, Mu'tazilas were too harsh for creationists who are dogmatic. It is the biggest mistake when the righteous use force to convert others to their ideas. Iran is suffering today from the same mistake. When you are right, you must be calm because you are right; you can be a great non-violent hākim. After the Mu'tazila movement, all other philosophers became extinct from the public arena, which is why figures like Al-Razi or Ibn-i Sina didn't have a significant impact on the public. I believe this is where the Arabic Golden Age became a court of intellectuals. If intellectuals don't have a meaningful connection with the public, their effectiveness diminishes. In contrast, Western intellectuals were connected with the public, and their works were published and read by random people, providing strength to intellectual ideas to flourish in there.
The Brethren of Purity were not a Sufi order; instead, they were Ismaili. Despite Al-Ghazali initially making takfir on Ibn Sina and Ismaili, he was influenced by both. Towards the end of his life, Al-Ghazali appeared to align with many of Ibn Sina's teachings. Scholars like Marshall Hodgson and Farouk Mitha argue that Al-Ghazali adopted a version of talim influenced by the Ismaili doctrine.
Yes they were most likely Ismaili. Some attribute the epistles towards Ibn al haitham and some towards Jafar al sadiq. In addition to being called ismailis, many scholars however do put them into other categories as well, such as sufis, nusayris and even mutazillites. The section on the brethren in the video is heavily condensed, I had written and recorded quite a lot more than what made it into the video. If I get a chance I will probably upload the different sections in totality. There is almost one hour of content which did not make the cut. The same goes for the section of Ibn Sina. I briefly went over the sufi Ghazali situation just to emphasize on, what you mentioned as a matter of fact. Thanks for watching and commenting. Appreciated.
That’s a lie and a false accusation, the proof of Islam Alghazali never had any “Ismaili” usool or point of views, and about Ibn sina two early sources say that he repented from some his blasphemous sayings like the knowledge of God and such, even one source say he became a Sunni Asha’ari in before his death!. Ibn sina himself wasn’t an Ismaili but his father was. he was a philosopher with his own views and he was a Hanafi in fiqh, and it’s known by him that he respect the first two caliphs.
@@Al-Azdi Ghazali was influenced by the 'Ismaili talim' doctrine and incorporated 'Ismaili Neoplatonic' ideas into the cosmology section of the Mishkat.
@@Al-Azdi I didn't mention two caliphs, and I didn't assert that Ibn Sina was Ismaili. However, he faced discrimination due to his father's publicly known affiliation with Ismaili. Perhaps he practiced taqiya. There are compelling reasons for this. From the start, he had more enemies, more vocal than his friends. Poets cursed him, theologians attempted to refute him, labeling him heretical. People branded him an infidel. Thirdly, Ibn Sina didn't modify anything in his work; his work contains nothing blasphemous.
@@almostwise They had nothing to do with Itizal, as they where known proponents of Jabr(compulsion) and the eternity of beings besides Allah. They didnt believe in the promise and the threath nor the intermediate position. So there is no basis in categorizing them in Itizal. Also there is a book that we have in our hands today of the Mutazili imam Ibn Al Malahimi called " Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn fī l-radd ʿalā l-falāsifa" , wherein he attacks the philosophers and Ibn Sina.
I do consider this type of rhetorical in the meant time of conjecture regards to twists of Battle of Badr instead Battle of Uhud for angel descending. It is Islamophobic and the fact of which are found in the Hadith and saying of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), it is mockery. There’s no question as to where what Prophet Muhammad (SAW) has ordered and told in the hadith, it has no apologetic-able responses. So for example, mentioned ‘laughable’ regards to incident of war in battle of Badr and Uhud twistingly. By understandably, there’s double standard.
Salah Al-din Al-Safadi the close pupil of Ibn tayimiah was on Ibn hazm creed which is a tanzihi creed close to the Asha’ari creed. He even Saw Ibn tayimiah in his dream after the latter death, and told him my creed is in this book(one of Ibn hazm books) and gave it to Ibn tayimiah, then said: He read the contents of the book and the creed and didn’t say anything as if he was agreeing with it!.
@@Al-Azdi Salah al Din al Safadi was an Ashari despite being one of Ibn Taymiyah’s students unlike his other students like Ibn Kathir and al-Mizzi. Plus, Ibn taymiyah’s creed shall be taken from his books and well known students not anyone.
@@Emir_969 1- Al-Mizzi wasn’t a student of his, rather a partner. 2- Ibn Kathir was a known Asha’ari😂. He Teached at Dar alhadeeth Alashrafiyah which ONLY Asha’aris in creed teach at! And it’s known before teaching there someone must confess he’s an (Asha’ari), Althahabi for instance was saddened that he was kicked out of it because he didn’t confess he’s an Asha’ari.
@@Al-Azdi 1-al-Mizzi was both a partner and a student, he took his Creed from him any many of his Knowledge of ilm al rijal Methods from him. 2-al Subki himself who claimed that only asharis can teach in that school, attack Ibn Kathir’s Creed.
I wonder if someone like Malcolm X would fit into the second half of this video. I assume not, since you did include some non-Muslim figures in this video and there is a difference between "the Muslim world" and Muslims themselves.
The focus was on Philosophers or philoso-theologians specifically. Tbh, I was skeptical that people would watch hours of this. I edited out sections on Jamaluddin Afghani and Muhammad Abdul. 😂
Anyone has any guesses about the "Youth" Ibn Rushd is speaking with towards the end of the video? :)
Probably Al-Rumi?
@@batosato Rumi will make an appearance in the second part so stay tuned for that. But nope, not him :D
@@almostwise Ibn Arabi right|?
Hmmm let's find out in part 2
@@almostwiseI am eager to see it! Keep it up!
Wonderful video, so glad Al Muqadimmah exposed us to you!
More to come!
Absolutely I’m so glad I can across this video. It’s not easy to create such a comprehensive overview and for that I’m very grateful
Yes, thank you Al Muqadimmah.
Same here :) Quality content, great production quality, how does he have only 1.28k subs?!
Amazing encyclopedia. Much needed chronological history of great Muslim thinkers
This has been a fascinating concise overview of the history. I am deeply grateful for this, I couldn't help but constantly be engaged with it. Very well done sir!
@@salman-11924 thanks 🙏🏼
Maansha-Allah, this is actually amazing, i really liked the comprehensive way that you elaborated. go forward bro.
Great video. Loved it. I just want to know the Arabic version of Ibn Rushd quote that you put at the end "ignorance leads to fear, fear leads to hate, and hate leads to violence. this is the equation".. it's original source from Arabic.
Hey thanks. The original arabic, hmm that I should be able to get from one of my arab friends I suppose. Will post back here.
17:37 guy literally went "no I've already seen enough" what a legend.
masha'ALLAH, MAY ALLAH REWARD YOU BROTHER, this is a work of art
Great informative video. Came via @Al Muqaddimah and thankful for that!
This is so beautifull ive subscribed to you wich is something i rarely do. JazakAllah!
Appreciated 😊
Thanks for this video, I enjoyed it , greetings from Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Wow.. This was a nice recape. Keep up the great work !
Thanks to saish muqaddima for "introducing" such informative channel
Duuuuuuuuuuude! gotta salute your dedication. This is exeptional. The extensive research, hard work, and hours you put in, is truly commendable.
Learned so much. Thank you for this!
Please don't ever stop educating us! :3
Thanksss 😃. Deviating from the standard practice here at almostwise, you won’t have to wait another 6 months for part 2. Dropping next friday inshallah 👊🏼😃
@@almostwise uff larka uper say atay huay 😂
Can't wait!
A video on Islamic Kalam and philosophy without Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi and the (Maturidis)😢
Great video btw!
There’s still part 2 yet to come 😅
This is an amazing and pretty complete summary of Islamic philosophy. I'm glad to Al Muqqadimmah for showing me this channel. I am subscribed.
Hope you will enjoy the second part as well.
Amazing video. Probably the best video I have seen on Islamic philosophy. Well thought out & thoroughly researched. Eagerly waiting for the next.
Shukria shah ji ❤️👊🏼
Great video ! Looking forward to part 2
This is great thank you!
Great work, not the kind of thing I'd normally be into but you make it more comprehensible for philosophy beginners like myself.
Glad it was helpful!
It was a lot to take in in one sitting, I'll have to watch it again to absorb more :) BTW 'learned' as a synonym for 'knowledgeable' (e.g. 'my learned colleague') is pronounced with two syllables, i.e. lern-id (rhymes with 'hid') - you'll sometimes see it written in old texts as 'learnèd' - forgive the pedantry, you write more elegantly than I ever will but this minor error snagged my ear while enjoying your dulcet delivery :)
Ah yes yes. Lern-id is indeed the correct way to pronounce it. 🙏🏼 🤩 thanks
السلام علیکم
Man, what a great video.
The editing, voice, content and narration is insane.
You deserve more views!!!!!
Dont stop making these videos, enrich in knowledge. You have our support. May Allah grant you success in this life and the afterlife. Ameen
@@thunderking1206 w salam and thanks 😊
11:41 the old Philosophy Catch 22, even questioning the usefulness of Philosophy is engaging in philosophical thinking.
Hey! I'm generally part of the silent majority but I have to say, videos like these are what makes youtube amazing so thank you for your work and dedication! (I assume this video took forever) It's hard to believe you have so few subscribers and because of it this video probably won't get the attention it deserves so I want make it clear (because I want you to continue making these) that your efforts are very much appreciated, many people like me who usually don't comment feel the same and that those two hours really flew by (it's so well paced). I'll definitely recommend your channel to anyone even vaguely interested in the topic, it's an amazing introduction! And thank you for giving references! Also sorry if anyone already asked you but do you have a university background on the topic or are you simply curious about it?
Hey! Thanks a lot for taking the time out and commenting. Getting one of these once in a while makes it all worth it. Sometimes I wonder why do I spend months reading and researching for these videos which would perhaps forever remain obscure under the rubble of mass consumed media here on youtube. I have nothing to feed to its algorithm. But the process itself is what I am in love with. Everything else becomes secondary. And when kind people like yourself take the time out to express that it indeed matters in some capacity then it is all the more lovely. Thanks
And nope I don’t have any academic background in history or philosophy. I have just been curious for a very long time.
@@almostwise Assalamualiakum Arkam! I'm commenting here without watching your video, because I'm still giving a second go to Al-muqadimmah's. However, I've saved your's for later. This video of yours (topic/concept) is truly a rarity. I rarely comment on videos and subscribe to few channels but I've done both of these for your channel without watching any of your videos (yet). Why? Well, other than the fact that I want to be a very early subscriber to a future great channel, reading your comment here, I see a person that is myself! Yes, I was planning on doing exactly what you're doing and I would've posted exactly the same reply as you did (esp. that algorithm and academic background thing). You're the future me, only difference is I'm too lazy to take a start. So glad I found you, I'll be keeping an eye on your channel/progress and learn from someone who's already steps ahead of me on the same road. Sorry I can't comment on the video's content yet but topic/concept of your video is truly one of a kind; and if it's worth any motivation, I whole-heartedly support you and encourage you to keep this thing going strong. May Allah give you more success, aameen. 😇🤗
@@Eddy-Cool hey that’s a new for me. A subscriber who is so thorough and generous in his comment without even watching my content. It’s a good feeling to have such an experience so thank you for the comment 😀
If you track the history of my channel you would know that I am indeed extremely lazy too 🙂 I need more hedayat to work on the channel more.
you forgot that part about the book and the head of a certain person :D , I kid I kid. This is super informative so I will be sharing that around.
History inka buffet hai. Pick and choose and make their own special dish.
Wow, an hour long! Very informative. Thank you very much! Looking forward to Part 2!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Great video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁👍😊
Thank you!
Hello arqam
The huge efforts you put in your videos is quite evident..
Really informative stuff
Keep going!!
Thanks a lot for always taking the time out 😊
This video is a masterpiece!
Thank you for watching and commenting. Encouraging.
That's wonderful. Maybe add the references too for the folks into real academic research.
Thanks. The complete list of books consulted is mentioned in the details. Individual references can be provided on demand.
Great video. It is very educational and inspiring. Do we know whether Al-Kindi and other scholars of the time collaborated on a work?
Thank you for the comment. That's a very interesting question. I should probably research that specifically now :D
either your voice is naturally that deep or there's something wrong with the sound. Because it doesn't compliment the background music and is a bit difficult to listen to. I'm sorry if this is coming off as ungrateful it's just that i believe such an important topic demands good production. Keep up the good work !!
My voice is naturally this deep and majestic 😌
Thanks for the comment. I am learning and trying to be better with sound.
And there are better ways to offer unsolicited advice so it won't sound like it but rather would really be constructive feedback.
Don’t listen to this dude, he’s tripping this video was awesome
Yes bro, there was something with the sound being not as melodic or clear. Maybe it was the deepness. I am only saying this as constructive feedback as audio is really the beef of any video.
Other than that, you could also add subtitles. They literally increase the comprehension of the video, and this can be applied to your older videos as well..
No doubt, this video is gold of knowledge.
You have to include Shurawardi in the next part.
Reality is a lot more complicated than that.
Summery of Islam:
Islam have deep roots from Creed schools to Jurisprudence schools to Sufi schools (beneficence).
to be a proper Muslim you have to follow one of each school and basically that's the main stream Islam.
They are sects ofc that don't recognize these, like the famous Salafism who follow only a specific Creed school mainly and recognize the rest as heretics, for Jurisprudence they either interpret alone or see what majority of schools agree upon but they condemn following one school , and for Sufism they considered them all heretics.
Its Friday,When are you dropping part 2 of this gem?,eagerly waiting.
Yea faced some delays. Uploaded. Premiering today :) Do share and comment if you think more people should watch my videos.
@@almostwise Ofcourse٫I will do it 😀
Salam. Would it be possible to share the text version with me? It is very difficult to follow and digest the video. Some youtubers sell the text version which mean a bit support for them and ease for those who love to read.
Seems like he is reading from a book I read sometimes back on Muslim philosophy
It is nice to be acquainted with the Qadari and Mu'tazila schools of thought. I believe if these schools had continued their activities, it's quite certain the Arabic world would have been sophisticated for centuries to come. However, Mu'tazilas were too harsh for creationists who are dogmatic. It is the biggest mistake when the righteous use force to convert others to their ideas. Iran is suffering today from the same mistake. When you are right, you must be calm because you are right; you can be a great non-violent hākim.
After the Mu'tazila movement, all other philosophers became extinct from the public arena, which is why figures like Al-Razi or Ibn-i Sina didn't have a significant impact on the public. I believe this is where the Arabic Golden Age became a court of intellectuals. If intellectuals don't have a meaningful connection with the public, their effectiveness diminishes. In contrast, Western intellectuals were connected with the public, and their works were published and read by random people, providing strength to intellectual ideas to flourish in there.
Using force hardly works, be it for the promulgation of any sort of ideology.
Any book recommendations to get started with the Islamic philosophy for beginners?
“Islamic philosophy, theology and mysticism - a short introduction” by Majid Fakhry
@@almostwise Thank you ❤
The Brethren of Purity were not a Sufi order; instead, they were Ismaili. Despite Al-Ghazali initially making takfir on Ibn Sina and Ismaili, he was influenced by both. Towards the end of his life, Al-Ghazali appeared to align with many of Ibn Sina's teachings. Scholars like Marshall Hodgson and Farouk Mitha argue that Al-Ghazali adopted a version of talim influenced by the Ismaili doctrine.
Yes they were most likely Ismaili. Some attribute the epistles towards Ibn al haitham and some towards Jafar al sadiq. In addition to being called ismailis, many scholars however do put them into other categories as well, such as sufis, nusayris and even mutazillites. The section on the brethren in the video is heavily condensed, I had written and recorded quite a lot more than what made it into the video. If I get a chance I will probably upload the different sections in totality. There is almost one hour of content which did not make the cut. The same goes for the section of Ibn Sina. I briefly went over the sufi Ghazali situation just to emphasize on, what you mentioned as a matter of fact. Thanks for watching and commenting. Appreciated.
That’s a lie and a false accusation, the proof of Islam Alghazali never had any “Ismaili” usool or point of views, and about Ibn sina two early sources say that he repented from some his blasphemous sayings like the knowledge of God and such, even one source say he became a Sunni Asha’ari in before his death!.
Ibn sina himself wasn’t an Ismaili but his father was.
he was a philosopher with his own views and he was a Hanafi in fiqh, and it’s known by him that he respect the first two caliphs.
@@Al-Azdi Ghazali was influenced by the 'Ismaili talim' doctrine and incorporated 'Ismaili Neoplatonic' ideas into the cosmology section of the Mishkat.
@@Al-Azdi I didn't mention two caliphs, and I didn't assert that Ibn Sina was Ismaili. However, he faced discrimination due to his father's publicly known affiliation with Ismaili. Perhaps he practiced taqiya. There are compelling reasons for this. From the start, he had more enemies, more vocal than his friends. Poets cursed him, theologians attempted to refute him, labeling him heretical. People branded him an infidel. Thirdly, Ibn Sina didn't modify anything in his work; his work contains nothing blasphemous.
@@almostwise
They had nothing to do with Itizal, as they where known proponents of Jabr(compulsion) and the eternity of beings besides Allah. They didnt believe in the promise and the threath nor the intermediate position. So there is no basis in categorizing them in Itizal. Also there is a book that we have in our hands today of the Mutazili imam Ibn Al Malahimi called " Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn fī l-radd ʿalā l-falāsifa" , wherein he attacks the philosophers and Ibn Sina.
I do consider this type of rhetorical in the meant time of conjecture regards to twists of Battle of Badr instead Battle of Uhud for angel descending. It is Islamophobic and the fact of which are found in the Hadith and saying of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), it is mockery.
There’s no question as to where what Prophet Muhammad (SAW) has ordered and told in the hadith, it has no apologetic-able responses.
So for example, mentioned ‘laughable’ regards to incident of war in battle of Badr and Uhud twistingly. By understandably, there’s double
standard.
Thanks to Siawish
For when part 2?
Sometime next week.
Part 2?
Soon. Inshallah.
Any chance you can put timestamps ?
Yes. Will do it.
Ibn Hazm was a Jahmi in Creed despite being Zahiri in Fiqh.
Salah Al-din Al-Safadi the close pupil of Ibn tayimiah was on Ibn hazm creed which is a tanzihi creed close to the Asha’ari creed.
He even Saw Ibn tayimiah in his dream after the latter death, and told him my creed is in this book(one of Ibn hazm books) and gave it to Ibn tayimiah, then said: He read the contents of the book and the creed and didn’t say anything as if he was agreeing with it!.
@@Al-Azdi Salah al Din al Safadi was an Ashari despite being one of Ibn Taymiyah’s students unlike his other students like Ibn Kathir and al-Mizzi. Plus, Ibn taymiyah’s creed shall be taken from his books and well known students not anyone.
@@Emir_969
1- Al-Mizzi wasn’t a student of his, rather a partner.
2- Ibn Kathir was a known Asha’ari😂.
He Teached at Dar alhadeeth Alashrafiyah which ONLY Asha’aris in creed teach at! And it’s known before teaching there someone must confess he’s an (Asha’ari), Althahabi for instance was saddened that he was kicked out of it because he didn’t confess he’s an Asha’ari.
@@Al-Azdi
1-al-Mizzi was both a partner and a student, he took his Creed from him any many of his Knowledge of ilm al rijal Methods from him.
2-al Subki himself who claimed that only asharis can teach in that school, attack Ibn Kathir’s Creed.
Taken from the greeks
I wonder if someone like Malcolm X would fit into the second half of this video. I assume not, since you did include some non-Muslim figures in this video and there is a difference between "the Muslim world" and Muslims themselves.
The focus was on Philosophers or philoso-theologians specifically. Tbh, I was skeptical that people would watch hours of this. I edited out sections on Jamaluddin Afghani and Muhammad Abdul. 😂
Philosophy has nothing to do with Islam but their origin...Greek forefathers
pure form of Tawhīd been destroyed ...incorporation of philosophy....