Dawn of the Age of Mammals
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- Опубликовано: 27 ноя 2021
- Longer, more info-heavy video answering a simple question: how did the age of mammals begin? Who were the predecessors of Megatherium or Smilodon? What were they like? All that and more are answered, along with plenty of tongue twisting scientific words, confusing taxonomic families, and way too many ‘rodent-like, tree climbing generalists’.
Wikipedia Articles for the animals if you want to learn more about them:
Multituberculates: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitu...
Marsupials: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsupial
Sparassodonta: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparass...
Insectivora: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecti...
Lepticitida: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptictida
Pantolestidae: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantole...
Carnivora: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivora
Creodonta: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creodonta
Condylarths: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condylarth
Cimolesta: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimolesta
Taeniodonta: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taeniod...
Pantodonta: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantodonta
Uintatherium: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uintath...
Plesiadapiforms: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiad...
Sources Used:
brilliantmaps.com/distributio...
gambassa.com/public/project/27... www.neversuchinnocence.com/su...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.thoughtco.com/auroch-1093172
rewildingeurope.com/rewilding...
(Non royalty free) Videos used:
Note: All videos should presumably fall under fair use, as not only is a small fraction of the video used, but my video and the means I use these videos falls under education.
• Is Forrest the kinkajo...
Music by Chris Zabriskie
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Tldr, every group of mammals you can think of, originally was just a generic, generalist small rodent like mammal, which evolved to be slightly less rodent like (but only slightly)
Unless they are rodents where they evolve to be more rodent like
They were actually more monotreme or possum like
The do like the crab the evolved to rodnet
Dang! Budget summarised comment of Budget Museum video. Nice work.
Aa
The fact that mammals are part of the Synapsid group makes the age of mammals all the more poetic.
Sweet revenge.
@@malleableconcrete Not really revenge seeing as they didn't actually outcompete anything to get their second chance (no, the giant birds and land crocs and such were not outcompeted by a new in flux of large mammals; mammals actually got big in the Early Paleocene, BEFORE those became a thing)
@@bkjeong4302 Its revenge enough if you move into a dead guys house and take over everything he used to own.
Also, whatever way Phorusrhacids went extinct, they're still dead and their niches are currently occupied by big mammals, and they were competing against Sparassodonts and later Procyonids before that in South America, and competing against a huge variety of familiar mammalian predators in North America during their brief sojurn there. Meanwhile in Australia giant monitor lizards and land crocodiles were almost certainly out-competed by mammals in the form of humans, but I've read that Thylacoleo was a much more common predator in the continent regardless.
Also its not just predatory niches, Birds have often dipped into large herbivorous ones too but haven't had much success compared to Mammals with only a few species still being alive and the most successful ones living on islands with few or no notable mammals competitors (and again going extinct when humans show up).
@@malleableconcrete
Re: birds in herbivorous niches, that’s more because mammals beat them to it (as I pointed out, large herbivorous mammals were already around in the Early Paleocene, before Gastornis and such came around). If birds actually did beat the mammals into herbivorous niches we may be seeing the reverse.
@@bkjeong4302 That sounds like getting out-competed to me!
The early Cenozoic is a deeply interesting time that I feel gets overshadowed by the dinosaurs and the late Cenozoic
most people and documentaries talk about dinosaurs, their extinction then skip everything after and go straight to humans and their evolution and it gets boring seeing the same things, i would love to see more about the Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic life that existed even the Triassic doesn’t get much if any coverage compared to Jurassic, Cretaceous and the human parts of the Cenozoic
@@Mrgodzilla1990 honestly, BBC should do remakes of the "Walking With" series (Walking With Monsters, Walking With Dinosaurs, Walking With Beasts). It touches apon just about every period of life on Earth starting from the Cambrian explosion, it's just a shame that in the almost 20 years since its release, tons of information in those documentaries has gone out of date.
This is ironic
I know more about Early Cenozoic than Late Cenozoic lol. Mainly with me only watching first three Walking with Beasts episodes, and reading books about Tertitary period.
In fact, i only learned about American Megafauna like Mastodon, Columbian mammoth and teratorns as recent as 2022
It's always the small generalist who survives and starts new specialist branches
Usually... but not always!
We all know that guy 😂🙄
Really bums me sometimes how we will never be able to view with our own eyes the majestic prehistoric world. Would be nice to see all the weird looking flora and fauna from, say, Carboniferous era.
Same but honesty who's to say we can't, at least we can see the closest we can get
It's almost unfathomable these creatures existed. 🤯
I've always hoped there was a way to view _how it really was_
Because obviously it's about impossible to know completely. 😀
@@apexnext hopefully one day we will figure out to look back in time. Anything’s possible we just need to figure it out.
@@theemperor3557 a Time Machine wouldn’t be hard to accomplish we just don’t have the technology yet. I believe that folding space(wormholes) could in theory create a loop in time as space and the temporal planes are linked. If we could figure out how to fold space we can figure out a way to unfold it as well thus turning back the hands of time and create a Timehole and peer into the past. The only issue is would traveling back in time take just as long as say traveling into the future(which is just going about life the way we do now ex. Everyday hour by hour minute by minute) then we’d truly never be able to peer into the far past because we can’t live past 80 yrs.
@@kahlilbenjamin7298 true but I was thinking that since time moves forward as the universe expands wouldn’t the temporal plane start going backwards if the crunch theory is true and the universe starts shrinking back into its pre big bang state so time would also move backwards.
My guess is that generalist animals adapt more easily to new environments and thus have a higher chance of surviving large changes. That's why the current mammals are descendants of said generalists.
So happy to see another upload. I just found your channel about a week ago but I've been watching your videos whenever I get to take a break from studying and it's been a very fun time. Keep up all the good work! I love the nature of your videos.
same here i found the channel last week
I love you too.
OMG same!
Same
Took a brake from learning to learn? Love it
It’s only very recently that I’ve learned that mammals were already an ancient and diverse group by the time of the K-T extinction. This video adds greatly to my limited knowledge of the deep history of these creatures
Your videos are so charming, they give me early Trey the Explainer vibes.
Exactly. I guess TBM, Trey and Tierzoo just fall in the catagory of youtubers who I'll want to listen to no matter what topic they are talking about.
@@ChloePricesNumberOneSimp Fully agreed! haha
What happened to him? His newer content is kinda ehhhh bad
@@lukaslefevre8007 mainstream and profit happened.
I find it hilarious how after both the P-T and KPG extinction events, giant land crocs evolved, poised to take over the planet
And then both times, the dinosaurs and mammals were like “No”
It's because, after mass extinctions, nature will just throw shit at the wall and see what sticks. Terrestrial crocodilians just didn't work out for more than a couple million years in both cases.
I find it hilarious how we talk about the past like we’re so certain what happened with nothing but clues and educated guesses to fill in the gaps
@@DuskLegendpretty sure we have more than "clues" and we make more than "educated guesses".
@@BeedrillYanyan no, I’m pretty sure that’s what they amount to
Honestly, the weirdest of these are the ones that look very similar to modern mammals but have something weird or just slightly different about them like all the animals at 14:07. We have the knobbly skulled rhino-looking thing, the hippo-like creature, and the myriad of small, weasel-y , rodent-y mammals that are familiar but still have a form unlike any modern weasel or rodent.
I think this exact window of time the most fascinating
Imagine accidentally going back in time, and just seeing basically all the animals you are used too
But slightly different
Its something like the uncanny valley but with animals
It seems there's always a niche for a rhinoceras-like clade of mammals, and a hippo-like clade, and a cat-like clade, and so on. Every now and then the whole clade becomes extinct, and then another group radiates into that niche.
Why can't we have rhinos with knob horns today? They're so much better than the modern ones!
great video, but disappointed in the lack of mention of monotremes (platypus and familiars). they appeared well before the placental mammals and marsupials. they come from the most ancient extant lineage of mammals. oh well, they deserve their own video anyway!
I think he never touched apon the monotremes because they never really made an impact on Cenozoic life. Just like today, they were always just sorta in the corner.
I'm disappointed that there was no mention of pelycosaurs
That's correct. There was no mention of egg laying mammals at all in this video. There are two surviving Monotremes in today's world - the platypus and the echidna.
He also largely skipped through the marsupials and went straight to the placentals. Oh I forgot they're just "those things from Australia" not even worth mentioning. 😒
@@1legend517 I mean, unless you’re Australian, they’re kinda not around. There is one marsupial seen on this entire continent and it’s the thing you have to shoo from the dumpster. Hell, the only reason marsupials are the majority mammal population in Australia is because placental mammals weren’t present to drive them to extinction.
Maybe this is odd, but I think a lot of these obscure extinct mammals would make for great RPG enemy designs. Take note game designers: You don't have to stick to modern animals and mythological creatures alone! I'd love to fight knobbly headed rhinos, bear-faced dogs, and bone crushing weasels!
I personally would love to fight off an entelodont or a Paraceratherium.
In one of my homebrew TTRPG settings, my rule is that I can't use clades with extant members, they all have to be extinct (aside from humans and therefore primates). So no cats, dogs or bears, but there are nimravids, amphicyonids, hyaenodonts, mesonychids etc, for example. It's a fun challenge, designing new species/ecosystems solely from extinct ones.
i love making characters and was always inspired by prehistoric/extinct animals, nature has such fascinating designs
@@armata_strigoi_0
Are there tamed deinonychus?
I will suggest some clades to you
Wild:
Anomalocarids
Gorgonopsids
Megaraptorans
Opahbinaids
Domesticated/tamed:
Heterodontosaurs
Early pangolins
Skrunkly lil multituberculates
Early Tyrannosaurs
Anurognathids
Lystrosaurs
Small dromaeosaurs.
@@the_blue_jay_raptor Thanks for taking an interest haha
There aren't many specific genera like _Deinonychus_ (with some exceptions, notably humans) - to give some context, most of the existent clades have been around for quite some time and have diverged in different ways. This is because, via magical means I won't get into (but it's mostly to justify being able to pick and choose my favourite clades lol), organisms are replicated as and when they're needed and then left to their own devices. It's basically a "seed world" but with ongoing, recurring "seeding" events.
That aside, funnily enough you've actually managed to hit a number of clades I've already included. Non-mammalian synapsids still have a big presence, undecided on gorgonopsids but therocephalians and cynodonts have both been replicated; dicynodonts are still widespread, many are indeed descended from _Lystrosaurus_ . Multituberculates are definitely around, I just don't know to what extent because TBH, I still haven't sorted out which of those early mammalian clades are present and in what quantities.
Heterodontosaurs actually became the dominant dinosaurian clade haha (where dinosaurs are dominant), everything from burrowing herbivores to giant saber-toothed carnivores. Anurognathids are among the most numerous pterosaurs, including giant hypercarnivores (basically, mothman). As for dromaeosaurs, microraptorines are the success story and a branch or two have reverted to foot-slogging in certain places.
As for the rest, they're either not included or not numerous for whatever reason. When it comes to invertebrates, all I can say for certain is that trilobites and ammonites are still living the dream lol.
This is already long enough so I'll leave it here, but if you're still interested and have any more questions, feel free to ask.
It should be noted that mammals actually reached megafaunal sizes very early in the Paleocene. There was NEVER a stage where birds and reptiles dominated before being outcompeted by newly evolving large mammals. Rather, mammals reached megafaunal sizes within around five million years of the K-Pg event, and the large birds and reptiles came a bit later.
Also, sparassodonts were NOT outcompeted by carnivorans. *Because they went extinct before carnivoran competitors showed up.*
Not really as far back as 63 million years ago , the swamps were dominated by titanoaboa and other reptilian snakes which reached even 15 m long , the other marshy places were dominated by a wide variety of crocodilians some even as large as 10 m , as for terrestrial reptiles , there existed land Crocs at that time and what mammalian megafauna are you talking about? Uniratherium ( forgot how to pronounce it lol) only came into existence in the miocene if I'm not wrong
@@proudfatherofadeadweightso5715
Pantodonts and mesonychians reached megafaunal sizes within a few million years of non-avian dinosaurs becoming extinct. We’re talking about the Early Paleocene here.
Titanoboa was semiaquatic (due to its size and its reliance on large aquatic prey); terrestrial ecosystems were already dominated by mammals.
The land crocs were NOT around just yet at this point: they came a bit later in the Early Eocene. People seem to ignore this constantly.
Uintatherium came around in the Early Eocene as well.
@@bkjeong4302 idk what megafauna size is to you but early paleocene saw no mammalian megafauna , yes there existed rare large pantodonts but even the largest ones like barylambda was a mere 2.5 metres in length , very very small hell even tiny compared to the large ass hyaenodontids that'll be roaming in the early eocene , and there were plenty of reptilian overlords in the early paleocene , even a small crocodilian like borealosuchus could've murdered the largest pantodonts of that time
@@proudfatherofadeadweightso5715 2.5m is actually comparable to plenty of large mammals that come later, so by your logic those can’t be large animals either. Look at the definition of megafauna.
Also, hyaenodonts were NOT large during the Early Eocene (they were the size of small cats or such then), which was dominated by mesonychians (which also got big all the way back in the Early Paleocene)
Both of you: I have enjoyed reading your debate. What do you two think of: ruclips.net/video/QrWUilBdDEo/видео.html
@0:38 That ancient tiny mammal is like, “So, Mr. T-Rex. You thought you were the King of the World, did ya??? Well, guess who’s taking a crap in YOUR eye socket NOW!”
I'm a stupid mechanic and I really enjoy watching these video then forgetting what I learned 5 min later. Lol
Mechanic is a very difficult job. You are not stupid, this is just not your main area of knowledge
Been following the channel for about a year, since the billi ape vid when you only had a couple hundred views per vid. Couldn’t be happier to see you blow up, your content is amazing.
hey congratulations on 100k subs man. Found your channel recently, and I dont know WHAT it is about your videos that I find so engaging and watchable, but they are. I cant put my finger on it but I cant help but keep coming back to watch another video. good stuff !😊
I just binge watched all your videos and I just want to say I love how you incorporate humor into your videos. Keep doing what you do!
I subscribed two minutes into the first video of yours I saw, and haven't regretted it yet! Love this stuff and you do a great job.
found your channel a few weeks ago, binge watched all of your videos, you deserve more recognition!
Learned a lot, but was left wondering about how the different types (that I had never heard about) of non-placental/non-marsupial mammals differed from the latter two - and how they may be related to the monotremes that persist to this day in Australia.
I do know that monotremes have lower body temperatures and smaller brains than marsupials
According to Wikipedia, “Multituberculates are usually placed as crown mammals outside either of the two main groups of living mammals-Theria, including placentals and marsupials, and Monotremata-but closer to Theria than to monotremes. Nonetheless, at least one study found a potential status as sister taxa to monotremes/Australosphenida.”
True carnivores didn`t outcompete metatherian sparassodonta here, in South America. They were already been terrified for some kind of feathered bullies collectively known as Terror Birds
Great vid! I really appreciate all the work you've obviously put in.
Moral of this video generalist route is meta
Be like water and adapt to everything.
I watched your Q&A yesterday, congrats for the 100k subs, I love your channel
This channel sure give some weird vibe.
Strangely nostalgic, melancholic etc.
Straight up was looking for something on this very topic yesterday, this upload was perfectly timed
Thanks for doing a video on Paleocene, a very overlooked period of time.
Well done. Appreciate the work you put into this.
just came across your channel not even a week ago and already a new vid, keep up the good work!
this is one of my favourite channels ever 😭❤️
You should do a video on the largest mammals to ever live on land, such as paraceratherium.
Actually, its not the largest anymore. Palaeoloxodon namadicus is the biggest now
I'm so glad someone made a video about this period of time, great work
H@yd3n! How ya doin'?
Dang. I subbed to your channel about 2 months ago and you only had 11k subs. You’re growing fast! Congrats dude, you’ve definitely earned it and you definitely deserve a million+ subs!
Keep these entertaining and educational videos up, and you're gaining a sub! Love these.
Glad you've been growing fast lately. Its been fun to watch
Your channel is gold. Never stop.
The channel is exploding as it should amazing stuff man!
Just found this channel, very fascinating stuff and great watch!
Great channel, truly happy to see another vid
Reptiles stopped raising strength stat and went for dex and poison
A whole video on Monotremes, please :-) Love your videos
Thank you for yet another great video
I just stumbled on this video so first time watching this channel. My constructive criticism, when discussing a class of animals for example the multi-t's it's much more beneficial for your audience to know what that means, you talk about them as though everyone watching has a degree in paleontology which is just not the case. The music or I think it's music in the background is too quiet to be appreciated as ambient, I would either turn it up or do away with it all together as I found myself tuning the narrative out to strain hearing the music that is just out of my hearing range. All that being said I feel that you have a really awesome channel here with the potential to be up there with 1m+ subs. Keep up the terrific work!!
As always, informative and captivating. I'd love to see a video which focuses purely on human evolution, starting from some of the mammals in this video all the way to modern day!
Love your videos, keep it up!
I realized this channel is so good I started watching all of the videos >:3
Glad to see a new video, love this stuff
This is great content my man! It’s an instant subscribe from me. This reminds me of how mind blown and interested I was in primary school learning about dinosaurs! :)
A new budget museum episode on a lazy Sunday things couldn't be better!!
Monday !
You pointed out the Pantilesta Order an Otter like marsupial from South America. It may interest you that, in the past two centuries there were two to three recorded sightings of an otter-like marsupial or monotreme in New Zealand. No recent sighting however, have been recorded. Might be interesting?
I love watching your videos. I have a suggestion: the procyonids- the group of animals including raccoons
Oh my gosh this channel is so good! (just got to the "a generalist" part)
Found my new favourite channel!!
Thank you, an informative and interesting video.
Well done on this very interesting video!
Excellent vid as always I enjoyed it very much! I´d suggest one thing that I´ve noticed in your other vids also: please don´t place every image you show on the printed text background it sometimes appears very messy and disruptive graphically speaking. For example the skeleton of Condylarths (10:10). I understand you are trying to have an unified style but that should not come at the cost of intellegibility of the images. I suggest you use different, more uniform background on the problematic images or changing the background style to something completely different that would not cause mess in any type of image.
Loved the video! Always love learning more about elder mammals.
I would suggest a video on Borophaginae the bone chruching dogs.
Keep ehm coming,, love the content
Please help, I just watched all of this guy's videos within the span of a day and now feel empty
Love your channel bro.
Thank you for making a video about mammals!
Excellent. Enough detail but not too much. Long series broken with asides, etc. Good descriptions and distinctions, especially as eras pass. Not too long or too short for adults. Probably too much for kids...some high-schoolers will have the patience however.
Good video watched all of yours already uploaded very good
This video was pretty good and I love it
This channel is amazing.
Love these episodes😍
Thanks for the awesome presentation! Just a small heads-up, it took me almost 13 minutes to realize there was bgm in this entire video. Maybe raise the volume of the bgm a bit or opt to not have one? Having them just faintly in the background is a little awkward.
Been waiting for a video like this, thanks!
Just stumbled on your channel love it def refreshing cause i learned a lot.of this from school before RUclips and Google Ask Jeeves bout it lmao 🤣
seriously, this was one interesting and great video
wow 👍👍☝👏👏👏
I love your channel. Only thing is you don’t upload often.
Can you recommend a good book on the history of the earth, essentially covering the geologic time scale?
i didnt get the notification or anything for this vid strange, but great content!
I love your channel!!!
This is really good but there's one group of mammals that you didn't mention, monotremes. It only consists of two animals duckbilled platypus & echidna. They're layers but are warm blooded and feed their young milk.
Great Stuff 👍
Thank you. !
So informative!!
I watch these after the skate sesh!
Wake up babe, new Budget Museum video just dropped. Love the channel man!
In future videos, could you maybe put some kinda scale when showing the pictures of the animals?
Great video!
Can you in the next video about birds evolution during the cenozoic
Your videos are great
I just found your channel though the priman great dying video! Rlly cool
I love this channel
Great video!!!!!!!
Please make a video on Carcharodontosairds, talking about Giga, Charcharodontosaurus, Tyranotitan and Mapusaurus (one of my favorite dinosaurs).
Great video, addition of dubbed spongebob clip pushes it to a 10/10.
Love it!! Great educational stoner content.
I think you need to update this with the latest thoughts on this subject.
Love your channel man. What are your thoughts on speculative zoology??
Love it!
@@TheBudgetMuseum hell yeah my guy you should totally do some videos on some of the creative projects
Love the content
Uintatherium is likely just a victim of shrink-wrapped skeleton syndrome. They most likely had muscular beefy heads, like hippos do.
Great video! A lot of information I didn't have. Never heard of the small, rodent-like, tree-dwelling, generalist mammals before . . . 😏
Your admission that this video may become incorrect and outdated ad more stuff is discovered brought this video from a 9 to a 10
14:34 god I love this channel :)
RUclips has had this on my recommended for about 2 months SO IM HERE
great video