You need to add iron oxide to the blue sapphire to produce green sapphire. If you use vanadium oxide instead of chromium or titanium, you will get a colour change sapphire. Typically green in daylight and red under incandescent light. These are some fun things for you to experiment with.
@@Palemagpie no. Thermite is aluminium metal and iron oxide. The aluminium pulls the oxygen from the FeO2/3 to become Al2O3 and molten iron. The amounts needed to colour sapphire are minute.
You're going to want to get some automated grinding equipment. You can remove the external Al2O3 with SiC sandpaper or SiC powder impregnated grinding pads. Technically you can use Al2O3 to grind Al2O3, but it's much slower. In addition to removing excess/coarse outer material, you will also use that equipment to polish the synthetic stones to a mirror-smooth surface.
you can clean up the outside of your sapphires by running the arc welder electrodes over the outside after you pull out of the powder. this means the extra Al2O3 is just more material to grow your sapphire, instead of something to get rid of. you can also use this remelting to adjust the shape of your sapphire a little bit.
NightHawkInLight took this tip but because he refuses to accept that commenters can have worthwhile ideas, instead he only credited youtubers, despite the fact that they didn't actually provide the ideas he used.
to remove the oxide coating, what i do, is just do a secondary heating of just the gems by themself, with no powder, you end up with a smooth uniform gem.
I thought I had commented on this video when you released it, but I don't see my comment. I know I discussed with you in previous comments that using cobalt oxide isn't technically blue sapphire, but it must have been another video. This is considered cobalt blue pigment, but nonetheless, the result is pretty and I've done this fusion of cobalt oxide with aluminum oxide. The blue color is just too pretty to stay away from. I can help you create blue sapphire with titanium dioxide and iron oxide. The reason you get different coloration is due to the environmental oxygen during the heating process. You can adjust the color of the end product by using either an oxidizing flame or a reducing flame. You can turn an ugly brown/green/orange/yellow/gray/black/plaid product blue during heat treatment. I'll check my notes, but the grey and black colored sapphire needs an oxidizing flame and the other colors need a reducing flame to change it to blue. I may have that backwards, but I do have that information in my notes. As far as the color plaid, I made that up. I still can't make plaid sapphire unfortunately. :) I can send you a ton of technical information from my own research and experiments from the past couple years.--I was actually creating blue sapphire yesterday through a flux melt method which I had successfully attempted a couple years ago. Sadly, the blue sapphire I made a couple years ago was larger and nicer than the stuff I made yesterday. LOL. The quality of anything I've made is only worth of proof of concept applications, so basically, it's all crap, but still cool to me.
I remember your comment, I think it was on my first ruby video. I´ve tried your formula and after a few experiments I got a pretty blue colour. I know that cobalt oxide is a bit of cheating, but it´s a lot easier to get a nice blue. I´ve also used cobalt to make blue cobalt glass. I´ve never heat treated my stones and that´s probably why most of them are so ugly. I highly value your comments, they helped me a lot. Unfortunately i don't have much time for experiments at the moment, most of my videos were recorded a few months ago. I hope that i'll be able to make more ruby in the summer months.
@@SomeAustrianGuy I've been wanting to make cobalt blue glass as well, but I haven't got around to trying it yet. I've tried to make clear glass and have been successful at the microscopic level. lol. I've got a small bead of glass that I made and somehow I got gold coating the outside of the bead in patches. I know how the gold got into the batch (previously roasted sulfides in the same container), but I don't know why it formed a layer on the surface of the bead. I kept it in a vial and have it stored away. It's nearly perfectly round. I'm extremely glad you were able to get a blue color with the sapphire formula I provided. That's really awesome! I've been hoping someone else would duplicate the results I got and hopefully improve on it. I understand about not having any time for experiments as I've been going through the same thing.
hey I am a student from barcelona spain, and I am looking to replicate this for my bachelor project. Is there any way I could get into contact with you?
Try streaming argon into your reaction chamber to get better control over the color. My guess is you are getting nitorgen, co2, and oxygen contamination. Since argon is inert you should have better results. Even better results can be obtained under vacuum. First purge the chamber with argon and then pump it down.
@@firespark7092 Theoretically you are correct, but attaining a vacuum that will be an insulator is very difficult. The Argon purge and pump-down with DIY type gear would work as low pressure gas is a better conductor than high pressure gas. Neon tubes and most other gas discharge lamps are at a below atmospheric pressure. Xenon tubes excepted.. Since he is using carbon rods he could even purge with Carbon Dioxide because there is already carbon ,oxygen, and aluminum in the arc.
Realize I'm a couple years late for this, but maybe sand blast the excess A2lO3? NightHawkInLight even has a homemade one with a small (precise) nozzle.
I have Cr2O3 for ruby, but i have Cobalt oxide (CoO) with colour looks similar to yours cobalt trioxide (Co2O3..well I'm not sure if exactly this element exists). Will it works? What you think about that?
Might be interesting to create a lumogarnet. A yellow one that I saw was Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet. I do not know the ratios but it is used to convert UV and X-rays to visible light, and it is very good at this.
What about using mercury metal on the surface of the finished sapphire to remove the aluminium? It should absorb the aluminium and produce thin rising tendrils of aluminium oxide. Although I have no idea how it would react to the bonded aluminium in the sapphire. so, be careful of that. Plus a fume hood. Because we all know mercury vapor ain't great for the ol'....lungs
Hi, i tried making a synthetic sapphire, i tried making a mixture and put barely any copper oxide. At first it was white, so i added more, the it was a bit yellow (maybe from the rods. And finally it was just black. Why cant i get the blue colour?
@@SomeAustrianGuyYes exactly. I was thinking u could just go over the surface with that electric "pen" u showed in other video when u made small ones and melt bit by bit.
Use a graphite Crucible with your arc welder heating up The Crucible first it will help hold powder in and will help prevent the stone from taking on carbon when you put the arc welder to the aluminum oxide and chromium. When melted spray with isopropyl alcohol flip the stone in The Crucible and hit it again with the arc welder.
1:29 i got an idea, someone with a plasmacutter could inject the chemical powder in the air stream, and the just ignite the arc. btw (german) ich habe vor einiger Zeit mal was zur Cobaltglasherstellung gelesen und das Cobaltoxid(2+3) nicht ungefährlich sind die Dämpfe. (generell auch wichtig zu wissen de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalldampffieber)
Wegen dem Metalldampffieber braucht man sich nicht wirklich sorgen machen, da man ne ziemlich große Menge von dem Zeug bräucht. Das ist eher bei Zinkdämpfen relevant. Viel wichtiger ist, dass Cobaltoxid krebserzeugend ist.
@@SomeAustrianGuy ich hatte mal 2 Atemzüge Aludampf unbewusst eingeatmet das geht genauso fix wie Zink xD. Wieso bist du dir so sicher das Cobaltdämpfe weniger gefährlich sind ?
@@hyperhektor7733 Cobaltdämpfe sind keinesfalls weniger gefährlich. Sie sind sogar deutlich schädlicher, hab nur gemeint im Vergleich zur krebserzeugenden Wirkung ist das Metalldampffieber fast harmlos. Wie hast du's denn geschafft Aludampf einzuatmen?
@@SomeAustrianGuy hatte vor etlichen Jahren mal einen Experimentaufbau aus einem Buch* nachgebaut.Es ging um das erzeugen vom Plasma, genau genommen Metalldampf-plasma. Damals wusste ich nicht genau was Plasma überhaupt ist (heißes Gas...) und das man Metalldampf einatmen kann xD. Ich hatte Aluminiumpulver mit wasser vermischt und das ganze per Hochspannungskondesator verdampft. *www.zvab.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30501642443&searchurl=an%3Dguenter%2Bwahl%26hl%3Don%26sortby%3D20%26tn%3Dminispione&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title3 oder auch das www.zvab.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=19060381187&searchurl=an%3Dwahl%2Bg%25FCnter%26hl%3Don%26sortby%3D20&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title23 Da wird u.a. vorgestellt was im SDI Projekt für Experimente mit Energiewaffen/Geräte gemacht wurden und wie man das in winzig nachbauen kann xD.(Railgun,Coilgun,Plasmakanone,Plasmoidkanone,Laser,Maser,Ultraschall,Sender , nichttödliche Waffen u.a.) Für das Geld ein spannendes Buch, damals wo es noch kein Internet gab. Einige Sachen aus dem Buch gibt's aber auch heute nicht mal auf Google/Wikipedia zu finden.
They cool down from 2000 ° C to room temperature in a few minutes, which leads to strong tensions and cracks in the material. Industrial ruby is cooled very slowly, sometimes over several weeks.
You need to add iron oxide to the blue sapphire to produce green sapphire. If you use vanadium oxide instead of chromium or titanium, you will get a colour change sapphire. Typically green in daylight and red under incandescent light. These are some fun things for you to experiment with.
Wouldn't the iron oxide combine with the aluminium oxide to form thermite though?
@@Palemagpie no. Thermite is aluminium metal and iron oxide. The aluminium pulls the oxygen from the FeO2/3 to become Al2O3 and molten iron.
The amounts needed to colour sapphire are minute.
Why go through all this? They aren't worth anything and they don't clean up like real gems do they?
@@phillipstroll7385 no, but it is something awesome you can do just for yourself
You're going to want to get some automated grinding equipment. You can remove the external Al2O3 with SiC sandpaper or SiC powder impregnated grinding pads. Technically you can use Al2O3 to grind Al2O3, but it's much slower. In addition to removing excess/coarse outer material, you will also use that equipment to polish the synthetic stones to a mirror-smooth surface.
you can clean up the outside of your sapphires by running the arc welder electrodes over the outside after you pull out of the powder. this means the extra Al2O3 is just more material to grow your sapphire, instead of something to get rid of.
you can also use this remelting to adjust the shape of your sapphire a little bit.
NightHawkInLight took this tip but because he refuses to accept that commenters can have worthwhile ideas, instead he only credited youtubers, despite the fact that they didn't actually provide the ideas he used.
intelligent idea
to remove the oxide coating, what i do, is just do a secondary heating of just the gems by themself, with no powder, you end up with a smooth uniform gem.
I thought I had commented on this video when you released it, but I don't see my comment. I know I discussed with you in previous comments that using cobalt oxide isn't technically blue sapphire, but it must have been another video. This is considered cobalt blue pigment, but nonetheless, the result is pretty and I've done this fusion of cobalt oxide with aluminum oxide. The blue color is just too pretty to stay away from. I can help you create blue sapphire with titanium dioxide and iron oxide. The reason you get different coloration is due to the environmental oxygen during the heating process.
You can adjust the color of the end product by using either an oxidizing flame or a reducing flame. You can turn an ugly brown/green/orange/yellow/gray/black/plaid product blue during heat treatment. I'll check my notes, but the grey and black colored sapphire needs an oxidizing flame and the other colors need a reducing flame to change it to blue. I may have that backwards, but I do have that information in my notes. As far as the color plaid, I made that up. I still can't make plaid sapphire unfortunately. :)
I can send you a ton of technical information from my own research and experiments from the past couple years.--I was actually creating blue sapphire yesterday through a flux melt method which I had successfully attempted a couple years ago. Sadly, the blue sapphire I made a couple years ago was larger and nicer than the stuff I made yesterday. LOL. The quality of anything I've made is only worth of proof of concept applications, so basically, it's all crap, but still cool to me.
I remember your comment, I think it was on my first ruby video. I´ve tried your formula and after a few experiments I got a pretty blue colour. I know that cobalt oxide is a bit of cheating, but it´s a lot easier to get a nice blue. I´ve also used cobalt to make blue cobalt glass. I´ve never heat treated my stones and that´s probably why most of them are so ugly. I highly value your comments, they helped me a lot. Unfortunately i don't have much time for experiments at the moment, most of my videos were recorded a few months ago. I hope that i'll be able to make more ruby in the summer months.
@@SomeAustrianGuy I've been wanting to make cobalt blue glass as well, but I haven't got around to trying it yet. I've tried to make clear glass and have been successful at the microscopic level. lol. I've got a small bead of glass that I made and somehow I got gold coating the outside of the bead in patches. I know how the gold got into the batch (previously roasted sulfides in the same container), but I don't know why it formed a layer on the surface of the bead. I kept it in a vial and have it stored away. It's nearly perfectly round.
I'm extremely glad you were able to get a blue color with the sapphire formula I provided. That's really awesome! I've been hoping someone else would duplicate the results I got and hopefully improve on it.
I understand about not having any time for experiments as I've been going through the same thing.
hey I am a student from barcelona spain, and I am looking to replicate this for my bachelor project. Is there any way I could get into contact with you?
Try streaming argon into your reaction chamber to get better control over the color. My guess is you are getting nitorgen, co2, and oxygen contamination. Since argon is inert you should have better results. Even better results can be obtained under vacuum. First purge the chamber with argon and then pump it down.
you wouldn't be able to create an arc in a vacuum though if my understanding is correct
@@firespark7092 Theoretically you are correct, but attaining a vacuum that will be an insulator is very difficult. The Argon purge and pump-down with DIY type gear would work as low pressure gas is a better conductor than high pressure gas. Neon tubes and most other gas discharge lamps are at a below atmospheric pressure. Xenon tubes excepted.. Since he is using carbon rods he could even purge with Carbon Dioxide because there is already carbon ,oxygen, and aluminum in the arc.
Realize I'm a couple years late for this, but maybe sand blast the excess A2lO3? NightHawkInLight even has a homemade one with a small (precise) nozzle.
to remove the outside use a diamond lapidary wheel
Very nice Video, i watch them all the time when im bored
Once you have the rough sapphire with oxide crust re-melt it with an arc welder
I have Cr2O3 for ruby, but i have Cobalt oxide (CoO) with colour looks similar to yours cobalt trioxide (Co2O3..well I'm not sure if exactly this element exists). Will it works? What you think about that?
Might be interesting to create a lumogarnet. A yellow one that I saw was Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet. I do not know the ratios but it is used to convert UV and X-rays to visible light, and it is very good at this.
Have you tried just torching the aluminum oxide?
So hey have you ever tried using a small amount of termite in a controlled environment? It'd probably vaporize the aluminum oxide
In my personal experience, the more cobalt oxide you add as a contaminant, the more those sapphires can resist carbon discoloration.
What about using mercury metal on the surface of the finished sapphire to remove the aluminium?
It should absorb the aluminium and produce thin rising tendrils of aluminium oxide. Although I have no idea how it would react to the bonded aluminium in the sapphire. so, be careful of that. Plus a fume hood. Because we all know mercury vapor ain't great for the ol'....lungs
Hi,
I am based in Austria and really like your videos.
I'd like to ask you if you know where i could get aluminium oxide and chrom oxide in Vienna?
Hey, ich kauf meine Rohstoffe meistens beim Keramikbedarf Skokan. Aber generell bekommst du Aluminiumoxid und Chromoxid bei fast jedem Töpfergeschäft.
Hi, i tried making a synthetic sapphire, i tried making a mixture and put barely any copper oxide. At first it was white, so i added more, the it was a bit yellow (maybe from the rods. And finally it was just black. Why cant i get the blue colour?
Have you tried putting the gems in a rock tumbler with a very aggressive cutting compound?
The broken off aluminum oxide would act as its own grinding compound.
Kannst du auch so Saphir Kugeln herstellen?
Lapidary wheel can remove Das Oxides yaaa
When will we see the face behind these ingenious videos?
You could use a gem polishing wheel used in opal industry there are different grades of hardness and grades of course to fine
Maybe sandblast the oxide off with more aluminium oxide?
Will it pass a diamond tester
Use graphite instead?
Have u tried remelting it
Would a big powerful over for glass making work?
best youtube channel like for real
How do we make them clear like the man made ones online? @SomeAustrainGuy?
Silicon carbide grinding burr or mounted disk... Green carbide would worknbest... Its cheap and will chew aluminum oxide up like its nothing
Need diamond abrasive grinding wheels for an angle grinder
Why not remelt your Sapphires to get rid of oxides and also get a better shape?
That would be the best way, but I´m not able to keep that much Sapphire molten. The idea was to build the crystal in layers to avoid this problem.
@@SomeAustrianGuyYes exactly. I was thinking u could just go over the surface with that electric "pen" u showed in other video when u made small ones and melt bit by bit.
Well it’s a nice start, but it’s still a ways off from making a gorgeous shiny faceted stone :)
Gallium to remove it
Aluminum oxide dissolves in alkalis.
Use a graphite Crucible with your arc welder heating up The Crucible first it will help hold powder in and will help prevent the stone from taking on carbon when you put the arc welder to the aluminum oxide and chromium. When melted spray with isopropyl alcohol flip the stone in The Crucible and hit it again with the arc welder.
Thank you for the update.
Where is the video?
Diamond polish will remove it
Nice, thanks
Cool
keep us updated
Servus,
probiere es auch gerade aus. 😁
Mal sehen was passiert. ^^
1:29 i got an idea, someone with a plasmacutter could inject the chemical powder in the air stream,
and the just ignite the arc.
btw (german) ich habe vor einiger Zeit mal was zur Cobaltglasherstellung gelesen und das Cobaltoxid(2+3) nicht ungefährlich sind die Dämpfe. (generell auch wichtig zu wissen de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalldampffieber)
Wegen dem Metalldampffieber braucht man sich nicht wirklich sorgen machen, da man ne ziemlich große Menge von dem Zeug bräucht. Das ist eher bei Zinkdämpfen relevant. Viel wichtiger ist, dass Cobaltoxid krebserzeugend ist.
@@SomeAustrianGuy ich hatte mal 2 Atemzüge Aludampf unbewusst eingeatmet das geht genauso fix wie Zink xD. Wieso bist du dir so sicher das Cobaltdämpfe weniger gefährlich sind ?
@@hyperhektor7733 Cobaltdämpfe sind keinesfalls weniger gefährlich. Sie sind sogar deutlich schädlicher, hab nur gemeint im Vergleich zur krebserzeugenden Wirkung ist das Metalldampffieber fast harmlos. Wie hast du's denn geschafft Aludampf einzuatmen?
@@SomeAustrianGuy hatte vor etlichen Jahren mal einen Experimentaufbau aus einem Buch* nachgebaut.Es ging um das erzeugen vom Plasma, genau genommen Metalldampf-plasma. Damals wusste ich nicht genau was Plasma überhaupt ist (heißes Gas...) und das man Metalldampf einatmen kann xD. Ich hatte Aluminiumpulver mit wasser vermischt und das ganze per Hochspannungskondesator verdampft.
*www.zvab.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30501642443&searchurl=an%3Dguenter%2Bwahl%26hl%3Don%26sortby%3D20%26tn%3Dminispione&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title3
oder auch das
www.zvab.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=19060381187&searchurl=an%3Dwahl%2Bg%25FCnter%26hl%3Don%26sortby%3D20&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title23
Da wird u.a. vorgestellt was im SDI Projekt für Experimente mit Energiewaffen/Geräte gemacht wurden und wie man das in winzig nachbauen kann xD.(Railgun,Coilgun,Plasmakanone,Plasmoidkanone,Laser,Maser,Ultraschall,Sender , nichttödliche Waffen u.a.)
Für das Geld ein spannendes Buch, damals wo es noch kein Internet gab. Einige Sachen aus dem Buch gibt's aber auch heute nicht mal auf Google/Wikipedia zu finden.
i wonder why they're so opaque
They cool down from 2000 ° C to room temperature in a few minutes, which leads to strong tensions and cracks in the material. Industrial ruby is cooled very slowly, sometimes over several weeks.
@@SomeAustrianGuy so cooling it slowly would theoretically fix it?
Ball mill/rock tumbler
just take a diamond grinding disk and cut the alluminium oxide off
Use a grinder
pouca técnica.
*Do you know Verneuil saphires lol*🛎
click bait, you dont show how they are made
Actually he explains how they were made dumb dumb
@@nostromza3433
A explanation without proof is useless
If you want you can see that as a explanation why i'm right ;)
It's not sapphire.
Sapphire: Al2O3 + TIxOx +FExOx.
Every colour of corundum thats not red is a sapphire
Even pink sapphire! And colorless!
power tool or dremel with diamond tip burr to remove the layer.