A lecture by Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum to the University of Cambridge Archaeological Field Club (AFC) on "The Origin of Our Species."
I love the straightforward unassuming way he says, "but I was wrong." This is why science gets so much closer to reality than belief in storybooks: it's self-correcting.
@@notreally2406 I never said he was. But that attitude of correcting oneself in the face of contradictory evidence is much more part of the practice of science than the practice of faith.
As a student of the history and philosophy of science, I found this presentation to be particularly fascinating. Often, lectures on hominid evolution are very focused on one area of research or geographical region. This lecture, starting before your dissertation, was so helpful to understand the history of competing hypotheses over time and how they have coalesced (to some extent) and where the various disciplines are moving. The rivalries of different research traditions are what makes science, science. Thank you for your valuable perspective.
Always enjoy Dr Stringers lectures on human origins. I recall when Dr Wells made his Nat Geo specials as ancient human genetic study was in it's relative infancy. He stressed the importance of bottlenecks, such as periods of desertification which may have isolated only a few groups and individuals. I believe this makes sense, and especially in favoring the most adaptable groups. Utilization of marine resources seems like a a great example, and would come in handy and favor those groups and explains how they quickly spread around the world.
Because of that special The National Genographic Project (I don't know what natgeo is) I purchased the kit and had my MtDNA traced. It is very informative.
Dr. Chris Stringer lectures through his research has answered a lot of questions for me. Looking forward to more light on the fossil records. The decline of Neanderthals could have been suffering from male sterility which caused females to interbreed with Homo Sapiens, and this along perhaps the scarcity of food and climate change.
His Book "Lone Survivors: How We Came To Be The Only Humans On Earth" is still a masterpiece and perfect summary of the most important discoveries and research up until 2012.
He tried to humiliate Daniel Leal (Anthropologist MA.) In front a large crowd of students at Reading. Leal confronted him and he welled up and was almost crying.
Especially in European towns now that we have mass illegal migration from Sub Sahara and the Middle East. A massive increase can be seen of mono brows and large lips too…
A lot of common sense here, Australia must have received a migration of (archaic?) homo sapiens prior to the dispersal out of Africa of modern H, sapiens 60,000 years ago. Further, given that H erectus was in Indonesia 1.4 million years ago it seems incomprehensible that they too did not reach Australia at some point.
Have the studies been done on homosapien fossils that show a pattern of more shared DNA with Neanderthals and Dinisovans the further we go back in time -- and also showing no shared DNA in the homosapien fossils we think precede our interbreeding with these other hominids?
Interesting that we were gradually losing a brow ridge while we were gradually gaining a jaw. Do we have a clear understanding of the selective pressures of both?
Not sure what you're getting at. Our jaws shrunk along with our brow ridges, leading to modern h. sapiens being much less prognathic that previous hominins. Are you talking about the development of the chin?
My understanding is that the jaw shrank condensing the teeth giving us our overcrowding issues today, but that the lower jaw shrank or recessed slower then the upper developing into a chin. I’m assuming it’s all related to a shrinking mouth with a not so quickly (if at all) shrinking teeth.
Having seen volcanologist Clive Oppenheimer's reconstruction of the impact of the Campi Flegrei supereruption in Italy, dated 39,280 +/- 110 years ago, I think his hypothesis for the disappearance of the Neanderthals needs to be taken more seriously.As si recall, the ash plume travelled up into Scandinavia and as far east as Ukraine.
The difference between hominids is not that much, even though the output is dramatically varied, it seems to rest on the development of culture and the frontal lobe
Adverse environmental or other conditions would more severely affect a smaller population of Neanderthals. In the USA, hybrids of African and Caucasian Americans are regarded as Black, resulting in a relative increase in the proportion of African Americans in the population. If Neanderthal Sapiens hybrids were considered as Sapiens instead of Neanderthals (possibly shunned by pure Neanderthals), regardless of level of admixture, then Sapiens would have increased as a proportion of the population. What is your opinion that a common ancestor of Sapiens and other Homo species migrated out of Africa, evolved into the separate species, followed by Sapiens migrating back to Africa?
I'm sorry, but are you using the bias, racist and illogical ideology of the jim crow era as an example ?. Jim crow science is the very definition of delusion and bias. The one drop rule basically states 1 drop of black makes you black. What it actually means is black blood is seen as a taint and sub human, thus one drop corrupts superior blood and the child assumes the inferior parents racial stock. The reason why this racist ideology still exists is because partly, people like you defy science, logic and reason says otherwise. Be proud of who you are entirely. Why listen to racist people, break free from jim crow laws. Black people are literally the only race of people that say black plus anything is black. Chinese dont do this, whites dont, Mexicans don't, Indians dont. Its a self esteen issue. All groups of people, including Africans have clear definitions on who they are. I beg you and most Americans, please stop acknowledging and following this racist ideology, its unscientific, iilogical ans racist to the core. Its onlt purpose was to perserve white purity.
When you have two mostly separate populations that interact, and generations later DNA from population one winds up in population two but not the other way around
@@personzorz I think this is more a function of lack of lack of DNA from Neanderthals, whereas modern humans are still here. Or what you are saying is that the hybrids were adopted into the modern human society and less in the Neanderthal?
Here is what I see has happened to many who have been seduced by Darwinism. You were taught certain fundamental truths as a youth. You were instructed in the sciences, in mathematics, physics, geography, history and biology by teachers whom you respected as a youth, whom you admired and looked up to. And because as an impressionable youth you admired, respected and looked up to these people, and much of what they taught you was true, when they introduced the Darwinian theory of evolution to you, sort of slipping it in with algebra, chemistry, biology and astronomy - the classical sciences, then you accepted it also without reservation, you didn't question it, you swallowed it whole since these people were your mentors and you trusted them, almost revered them. Usually it was introduced to you in science class with some Disney like animation showing lightening striking an ancient pond, then cells emerging, then fish swimming in a sea before they crawled out onto land and lost their scales and became amphibians that became reptiles that became birds and mammals that became monkeys that became humans. It was all very skillfully done, and there was usually very little actual science involved; you were told a story, much like a Sunday school Noah's Ark story, only this story left out God of course, and because it was in science class it must have been true. It never occurred to you that your teachers who told you that evolution was a fact as real as the Laws of Gravity might have themselves been deceived in their youth when they were in science class, and then they introduced that very same deception into your life, all with the very best of intentions. So you accepted evolution as being as legitimate as all of the other sciences, your teachers certainly wouldn't lie to you, and then over the course of time it became your Weltanschauung. As time progressed and you grew older, a sort of intellectual pride clouded your worldview, and also affected, or more precisely infected your understanding of earth's history, of man's origin; and you became too sophisticated to believe in the straight, literal truth of Genesis. In your youthful hubris you substituted Darwin for Moses. Over the course of time Darwinism became more entrenched in your mind. It became a dogma; it was your world view through which you interpreted reality. Part of this springs from Hellenism, the Greek philosophy that is the cornerstone of much of modern thought.
Please correct me if I am wrong but phenotype and morphology still classify individuals as being of distinct, seperate species as does successful reproduction? The lines drastically blur when heritable information is passed through generations signifying extensive interbreeding when all of humanity carries within their genome identifiable hominin alleles, how does it seperate one specie from the next? Also, as someone who works with the elderly who have lost all elasticity of the skin and who's bone structure is very pronounced, how can science continue antiquated prescriptive factors of speciation from morphology alone? I would be more concerned with blood type analysis than phenotype. If modern women require a RhoGAM injection to prevent an immune reaction against their own offspring, morphology is seemingly irrelevant and dangerous, inherently racist actually. Typical European morphology could easily interbreed with the low crainial profile, robust brow ridge and recessed chin that is still evident within modern populations and unsuccessfully breed with with the equivalent European phenotype if blood type is incompatible. This thinking is harmful and deeply racist yet continues to be taught as "evolution." Disgusting!
Your style is a combination of both knowledgeability and incoherence. People develop that style when no one takes them seriously enough, early on, to guide their thinking. You're like a good engine in a crappy car. So the trend continues. No qualified person is going to take the time here to counter your several arguments, because they can tell they'd be wasting their breath, just like the adults of your youth. Sad. Now you're manifestly bitter which, of course, is yet another predictable outcome. Left out of the game yet determined to play. Too vain to imagine you were left out for good reason. Too vain to interpret "no takers" as anything other than a form of concession. So yes, you're wrong. And so are your sentences.
@@thomasraywood679 I'm uncertain of what you are referring to as style or whatever other blathering remarks about cars and such nor have I claimed to be a professional in the field or expect rebuttal or reeducation from said professionals. I was simply pointing out that all of modern humanity contains within their genome Neanderthal, Denisovan or a combination of both which would not indicate a random, singular event. Morphology does not indicate a speciation event such as indicated in this presentation and is dangerous and potentially harmful thinking unfortunately deeply embedded in science now, it seems when the narrative defines separate species according to physical appearance instead of successful progenation.
@@thomasraywood679 also, I have never asked to play the game and have always enjoyed research stemmed from curiosity so yes, as a child it did not bode well and evidently still doesn't.
The biodiversity of modern people is the result of a variety of hominid gene pools making it through to modern times, the home genus is a convergence of a variety of former different hominids, ✌️❤️🇬🇧 7:06
Speciation -- interbreeding is all you need to know. People may look strange, but if we interbreed, we're all "us". Anyway, we have absorbed the Neandertals anyway. This morphological test smacks too much of Linnaeus. We now don't have to rely on often misleading morphology but can use ancient DNA. Which seems to show that there is no "them" and "us" with the Neandertals. At least for people outside Sub-Saharan Africa, Stringer's h. sapiens and Neandertals are both ancestral groups -- whatever we think they look like.This view of the Neandertals fits well with Stringer's idea of a composite ancestry. Why exclude the Neandertal conrtibution?
For me diffrent species are distinct. Its already been enough poorly labeled and named species in taxonomy .Its making the same beaver or sqaurrel problems we inherited from scientist trying to make name for themselves in 1850-1900s that needs corrected. I've always thought our common understanding of the nuclear family with our most recent shared parent that we all can trace back to is where should name ourselves the modern human family. But Not that it has to be Different species before that. So much ancient DNA just isn't shared by certain groups. It's hardly an ancestor of everyone as we commonly think if it on a personal and private domestic level. This is the for sure family that most people find interest in. Idk why it hasn't been made it's own field of study ohmning in what we can come to learn and track very thoroughly.
Chris is really interesting, & knowledgeable.The commentator is freaking awful for radio. Cambridge (or whoever is doing this broadcast) surely has someone who doesn’t sound half dead?
How incredibly disappointing! There is so much exciting happening in this area. But this guy spends a dreary long time talking about so-and-so says this should be included in Homo sapiens, but so-and-so says not. We want to hear the story of humanity, not the story of who said watt.
I think if you morph Homo floresiensis (The Hobbit) with the Jebel Irhoud, you get the biggening's of Homo Sapiens. What do you all think? Also, the first Homo Sapiens could have had similar IQs to that of the native Australians. Lower IQs, but still very capable in their environment. SPHEREMOTOR, the future of electricity.
The ancient civilizations are all descended from Noah who had sixteen grandsons that became the sixteen ancient the civilizations each with their own paternal haplogroup lineage. Gomer Europeans R, Madai Medes Q, Javan Greek sea people T, Tiras Thracians L, Tubal Italy K, Meshek Siberians N, Magog Asian O, Aram Aramean F, Asshur Assyrians G, Elam Elamites H, Arphaxad Arabs Hebrews I&J, Lud Lydians F2, Phut early Phoenicians E1, Mitzrayim Egyptians E3, Canaan Canaanites E2, Cush Cushites A B & C. D could have been the Sinite tribe from Canaan. C is the descendants of Nimrod. Neanderthals are Japhethites and Denisovans are a mix of Japhethites and Hamites, not Semitic. It shows up on DNA maps and charts. Every grandson of Noah and their descendants have their own paternal Y chromosome haplogroup lineage! I can name all sixteen of them like I just did and give you each of their haplogroups!
Your reasoning is flawed at a fundemental level. There would have been insufficient genetic variably for Noah and his family to repopulate the earth, with homo sapiens. If the story in the bible were true, it would have been the extinction of homo sapiens and we would not still be believing this nonsense today, let alone be reading about it in comments like this. By the way, the same is true for all the animals and plants on earth.
Well if you are going to blame someone for the proliferation of sexually transmitted parasites, it may as well be the Noah family keeping them alive and well amongst each other. (Noah is a fictitious character in a work of fiction along with Jesus.)
@@minirock000 Who told you that? My “religion” is truth. If it’s not true, I don’t want any part of it. The geology that we have of five mega sequences of consecutive water deposited sediment layers over a mile deep with fossils in them around the world on every continent necessitates a global flood catastrophe. I know that hurts the belief of every other made up alternate narrative. It just happens to be a fact that we are all the descendants of those who stepped off of the Ark in the area around Mesopotamia. You can’t argue with known human history or ancient calendars going back only 5,000 years. The ancient civilizations are all descended from Noah who had sixteen grandsons that became the sixteen ancient the civilizations each with their own paternal haplogroup lineage. 1) Tubal Italy K, 2) Javan Greek sea people T, 3) Tiras Thracians L, 4) Magog Asian O, 5) Meshek Siberians N, 6) Madai Medes Q, 7) Gomer Europeans R, 8) Arphaxad Arabs Hebrews I&J, 9) Elam Elamites H, 10) Asshur Assyrians G, 11) Aram Arameans F 12) Lud Lydians F2, 13) Cush Cushites A B & C. 14) Phut early Phoenicians E1, 15) Canaan Canaanites E2, 16) Mitzrayim Egyptians E3, D is likely the Sinite tribe from Canaan. C is the descendants of Nimrod since they can’t possibly be from anyone else. Neanderthals are Japhethites and Denisovans are a mix of Japhethites and Hamites, not Semitic. It shows up on DNA maps and charts. Every grandson of Noah and their descendants have their own paternal Y chromosome haplogroup lineage! I can name all sixteen of them like I just did and give you each of their haplogroups! The evolutionary out of Africa claim is exactly backwards since the *oldest* progenitor is Japheth the ancestor of Eurasians then the Semitic populations of Shem and then the Hamitic African progenitor is the youngest progenitor with their eldest sons connecting the three different families descended from the three sons of Noah. It took me a while to understand that the evolutionary claim is assuming that SNP markers are being gained forming the stair steps out of Africa when *the reality is* that the original SNP markers cited are in fact being lost forming the opposite stair steps out of West Asia as known human history shows. The stair step out of Africa claim has to be addressed because the SNP markers are real evidence but the evolutionary assumption is exactly backwards. The correct view requires that the older most original genomes of the Japhethites be connected to the Semitics by way of the eldest son of Shem which is Arphaxad (IJ). Arphaxad’s descendants can share the (IJK) SNP marker with the descendants of his uncle Japheth while the descendants of his younger brothers do not share that same (IJK) SNP. You have to root the tree with Japheth the oldest son of Noah and then the oldest son of Shem (IJ Arphaxad) and then Elam and then Asshur and then the youngest brothers Aram and Lud. So you have to begin with the *most original* Y chromosome of Noah’s oldest son Japheth and then the changes occur in the people who were born later. It’s not necessarily a stair step of descendency. It’s changes in the Y chromosome with time. *Arphaxad isn’t descended from Japheth.* He just shares a marker with his uncle that his father used to have when he was born. Shem then lost the marker when Arphaxad’s younger brothers were born. The descendants of Shem are then connected to the descendants of Ham by way of Nimrod the King (C) the the eldest son of Cush who is the eldest son of Ham. So the Hamitic CF (xD&E) paternal haplogroup SNP marker was lost to the *odd ones out* and less original younger brothers and cousins verifying the Table of Nations outlined in Genesis.💥 Learn the Bible before trying to learn anything else. It’s also noteworthy that the D paternal haplogroup lines up with the E2 haplogroup of Canaan which is his son’s tribe of Sinim the Biblical namesake of China. So the only Hamitic haplogroups outside of Africa are the C of Nimrod and the D of the Canaanite tribe of Sinim which is still there in Andaman, Tibetan, Mongolian, Chinese and Japanese areas today. The earth isn’t flat and neither is the universe flat in regard to the rate of time and the measure of distance. This is a big deal because there is no single rate of the passing of time and there is no single measure of distance in the universe. Billions of years can pass by in between galaxies while mere thousands of years pass by where we are near a supermassive black hole besides the fact that distance is expanded in between galaxies causing redshift and it means that the distances aren’t as far mathematically as some scientists believe. Acceleration slows down time near a gravitational well. Gravity is everywhere except that between gravitational wells in deep outer space there is much less acceleration to slow down time. It means time goes by at a very fast pace in deep outer space between gravitational wells where there is much less acceleration. Instead of invoking dark matter and dark energy, do some thought experiments in general relativity and you will understand that the rate of time and the measure of distance are relative to the amount of matter and mass there is in the vicinity. The speed of light literally depends on these two variables of time and distance. Distances within the galaxies are vast so when we observe another galaxy, we are literally observing differing rates of time and differing measures of distance, still within the limits of other galaxies, not to mention the *extreme* distances *between* galaxies where there is much much less acceleration which accelerates time and expands the measure of distance. The result is that you are seeing differing speeds of light relative to your observation over great distances from galaxy to galaxy since the measures of time and distance are both dependent on the amount of matter (mass) and gravity there is in the vicinity. (The speed of light isn’t actually changing, the measures of time and distance are changing *which effectively changes the speed of light as we observe it over GREAT distances.)* That’s what causes gravitational lensing too. The result is that distance is greatly expanded (not expanding) where there is no matter between us and distant galaxies (causing redshift) eliminating the need for dark energy and the movement of the outer spiral arms at the edges of galaxies are at a faster rate of time and a larger measure of distance causing them to move faster as we observe them eliminating the need for dark matter. This also means that plasma jets shooting out from the center of a galaxy aren’t moving seven times the speed of light. It’s that the distance is expanded AND the rate of time is faster the less matter there is in the vicinity. There is no such thing as a nonsensical infinitely expanding universe faster than the speed of light or an imaginary inflaton and there is no such thing as magical invisible dark matter to coalesce hydrogen into being stars and galaxies. Distance is *merely* greatly expanded between the black holes in galaxies (causing the redshift) so the universe is not infinitely expanding as is believed and claimed. Not only is distance greatly expanded where there is no matter between galaxies, time runs at a much faster rate where there is much less acceleration. *Both the expansion of distance and the increased rate of time have to be taken into account.* *It’s what allows for us to see fully formed distant galaxies in the infrared spectrum in the first place.* I can also tell you about the tectonic plate movement! The continents broke apart 100 years after the global flood as the Bible says. Animals were separated by the split between South America and Africa. The Jaguar and the leopard, the eagles, possums and opossums, the tapirs, the greater grison and the honey badger and crocodiles were all separated by the breakup of the continents. Sediment layers and the fossils buried by the global flood line up perfectly between the continents. Glacial striations go from south to north in India on top of the sediments deposited by the global flood as well as in South America, Africa and Australia. Animals and entire ecosystems in the north that were shoved into the Arctic were quick frozen in some places and buried by tsunamis from a rise in sea level in other places as result of the breakup and the continents moving north from the centrifugal force of the spinning earth. The people never made it to South America from Africa as the animals did in the first 100 years because they were too busy trying to build Nimrod’s Tower of Babel. That’s when the earth was divided according to the Bible and the name Peleg was given to the ancestor of Abraham because the word Peleg means divided in Hebrew. However in the later Aramaic, the word Peleg came to mean: “as the waters flow” (between the continents). The truth is so much better than fiction. Energy and matter prove the existence of a Creator that is not contingent or dependent on any physical thing that He made. That’s because energy and matter cannot make or direct themselves. So the existence of matter and energy AND the billions of bits of written programming inside of us ordering us to be humans instead of chinchillas or something else proves the existence of an all powerful all knowing eternal Creator of the fabrication our limited measurable quantifiable time and space.
Even though I spend a lot of non-professional research time on this topic, this presentation made things much more clear for me.
I love the straightforward unassuming way he says, "but I was wrong." This is why science gets so much closer to reality than belief in storybooks: it's self-correcting.
This guy is not "science"
@@notreally2406 I never said he was. But that attitude of correcting oneself in the face of contradictory evidence is much more part of the practice of science than the practice of faith.
As a student of the history and philosophy of science, I found this presentation to be particularly fascinating. Often, lectures on hominid evolution are very focused on one area of research or geographical region. This lecture, starting before your dissertation, was so helpful to understand the history of competing hypotheses over time and how they have coalesced (to some extent) and where the various disciplines are moving. The rivalries of different research traditions are what makes science, science.
Thank you for your valuable perspective.
Always enjoy Dr Stringers lectures on human origins. I recall when Dr Wells made his Nat Geo specials as ancient human genetic study was in it's relative infancy. He stressed the importance of bottlenecks, such as periods of desertification which may have isolated only a few groups and individuals. I believe this makes sense, and especially in favoring the most adaptable groups. Utilization of marine resources seems like a a great example, and would come in handy and favor those groups and explains how they quickly spread around the world.
Because of that special The National Genographic Project (I don't know what natgeo is) I purchased the kit and had my MtDNA traced. It is very informative.
Great lecture from a consistently fantastic scholar. The impact and duration of his research is something else!
Dr. Chris Stringer lectures through his research has answered a lot of questions for me. Looking forward to more light on the fossil records.
The decline of Neanderthals could have been suffering from male sterility which caused females to interbreed with Homo Sapiens, and this along perhaps the scarcity of food and climate change.
I wish the date of recording was included in the description
It's from November 2022.
@@kerstin3267 thank you for the information
Click the title, right below the “screen.”
His Book "Lone Survivors: How We Came To Be The Only Humans On Earth" is still a masterpiece and perfect summary of the most important discoveries and research up until 2012.
He tried to humiliate Daniel Leal (Anthropologist MA.) In front a large crowd of students at Reading. Leal confronted him and he welled up and was almost crying.
All those head shapes are still around seen them all in town today variations still all around 😊
Especially in European towns now that we have mass illegal migration from Sub Sahara and the Middle East. A massive increase can be seen of mono brows and large lips too…
Great lecture, a nice summary of the state of the art in teh research.
teh?
Really good overview.
So much more believable than the molded by a God out of clay.
A lot of common sense here, Australia must have received a migration of (archaic?) homo sapiens prior to the dispersal out of Africa of modern H, sapiens 60,000 years ago. Further, given that H erectus was in Indonesia 1.4 million years ago it seems incomprehensible that they too did not reach Australia at some point.
Soooooo awesome to hear this 🤍
LOL! When I saw the name, I was thinking of Stringer Bell from _"The Wire"!_
{:o:O:}
Good speech 👍👍
'Economic physiology' is a polite term for Poindexter.
Watched all of it
Have the studies been done on homosapien fossils that show a pattern of more shared DNA with Neanderthals and Dinisovans the further we go back in time -- and also showing no shared DNA in the homosapien fossils we think precede our interbreeding with these other hominids?
Interesting that we were gradually losing a brow ridge while we were gradually gaining a jaw. Do we have a clear understanding of the selective pressures of both?
Not sure what you're getting at. Our jaws shrunk along with our brow ridges, leading to modern h. sapiens being much less prognathic that previous hominins. Are you talking about the development of the chin?
@@resurgam44 Yes, A chin. Layman error. Thanks for catching it.
My understanding is that the jaw shrank condensing the teeth giving us our overcrowding issues today, but that the lower jaw shrank or recessed slower then the upper developing into a chin. I’m assuming it’s all related to a shrinking mouth with a not so quickly (if at all) shrinking teeth.
Having seen volcanologist Clive Oppenheimer's reconstruction of the impact of the Campi Flegrei supereruption in Italy, dated 39,280 +/- 110 years ago, I think his hypothesis for the disappearance of the Neanderthals needs to be taken more seriously.As si recall, the ash plume travelled up into Scandinavia and as far east as Ukraine.
Doesn’t the jet stream generally move from west to east?
The difference between hominids is not that much, even though the output is dramatically varied, it seems to rest on the development of culture and the frontal lobe
I found something really cool using Google Earth.
"The origin of our species" -- Created by unobservable genius.
Adverse environmental or other conditions would more severely affect a smaller population of Neanderthals.
In the USA, hybrids of African and Caucasian Americans are regarded as Black, resulting in a relative increase in the proportion of African Americans in the population. If Neanderthal Sapiens hybrids were considered as Sapiens instead of Neanderthals (possibly shunned by pure Neanderthals), regardless of level of admixture, then Sapiens would have increased as a proportion of the population.
What is your opinion that a common ancestor of Sapiens and other Homo species migrated out of Africa, evolved into the separate species, followed by Sapiens migrating back to Africa?
I'm sorry, but are you using the bias, racist and illogical ideology of the jim crow era as an example ?. Jim crow science is the very definition of delusion and bias.
The one drop rule basically states 1 drop of black makes you black. What it actually means is black blood is seen as a taint and sub human, thus one drop corrupts superior blood and the child assumes the inferior parents racial stock. The reason why this racist ideology still exists is because partly, people like you defy science, logic and reason says otherwise. Be proud of who you are entirely. Why listen to racist people, break free from jim crow laws. Black people are literally the only race of people that say black plus anything is black. Chinese dont do this, whites dont, Mexicans don't, Indians dont. Its a self esteen issue. All groups of people, including Africans have clear definitions on who they are.
I beg you and most Americans, please stop acknowledging and following this racist ideology, its unscientific, iilogical ans racist to the core. Its onlt purpose was to perserve white purity.
How can you have interbreeding that's 'one directional'? That is a contradiction in terms.
When you have two mostly separate populations that interact, and generations later DNA from population one winds up in population two but not the other way around
@@personzorz I think this is more a function of lack of lack of DNA from Neanderthals, whereas modern humans are still here. Or what you are saying is that the hybrids were adopted into the modern human society and less in the Neanderthal?
Homo Naledi?
Search John hawks, rising star cave
Already did. I know all about it. And Hawks. And Berger. Etc. But thanks anyway.
We'd first have to agree on what a "species" is.
Here is what I see has happened to many who have been seduced by Darwinism. You were taught certain fundamental truths as a youth. You were instructed in the sciences, in mathematics, physics, geography, history and biology by teachers whom you respected as a youth, whom you admired and looked up to. And because as an impressionable youth you admired, respected and looked up to these people, and much of what they taught you was true, when they introduced the Darwinian theory of evolution to you, sort of slipping it in with algebra, chemistry, biology and astronomy - the classical sciences, then you accepted it also without reservation, you didn't question it, you swallowed it whole since these people were your mentors and you trusted them, almost revered them. Usually it was introduced to you in science class with some Disney like animation showing lightening striking an ancient pond, then cells emerging, then fish swimming in a sea before they crawled out onto land and lost their scales and became amphibians that became reptiles that became birds and mammals that became monkeys that became humans. It was all very skillfully done, and there was usually very little actual science involved; you were told a story, much like a Sunday school Noah's Ark story, only this story left out God of course, and because it was in science class it must have been true. It never occurred to you that your teachers who told you that evolution was a fact as real as the Laws of Gravity might have themselves been deceived in their youth when they were in science class, and then they introduced that very same deception into your life, all with the very best of intentions. So you accepted evolution as being as legitimate as all of the other sciences, your teachers certainly wouldn't lie to you, and then over the course of time it became your Weltanschauung. As time progressed and you grew older, a sort of intellectual pride clouded your worldview, and also affected, or more precisely infected your understanding of earth's history, of man's origin; and you became too sophisticated to believe in the straight, literal truth of Genesis. In your youthful hubris you substituted Darwin for Moses. Over the course of time Darwinism became more entrenched in your mind. It became a dogma; it was your world view through which you interpreted reality. Part of this springs from Hellenism, the Greek philosophy that is the cornerstone of much of modern thought.
Please correct me if I am wrong but phenotype and morphology still classify individuals as being of distinct, seperate species as does successful reproduction? The lines drastically blur when heritable information is passed through generations signifying extensive interbreeding when all of humanity carries within their genome identifiable hominin alleles, how does it seperate one specie from the next? Also, as someone who works with the elderly who have lost all elasticity of the skin and who's bone structure is very pronounced, how can science continue antiquated prescriptive factors of speciation from morphology alone? I would be more concerned with blood type analysis than phenotype. If modern women require a RhoGAM injection to prevent an immune reaction against their own offspring, morphology is seemingly irrelevant and dangerous, inherently racist actually. Typical European morphology could easily interbreed with the low crainial profile, robust brow ridge and recessed chin that is still evident within modern populations and unsuccessfully breed with with the equivalent European phenotype if blood type is incompatible. This thinking is harmful and deeply racist yet continues to be taught as "evolution." Disgusting!
Your style is a combination of both knowledgeability and incoherence. People develop that style when no one takes them seriously enough, early on, to guide their thinking. You're like a good engine in a crappy car. So the trend continues. No qualified person is going to take the time here to counter your several arguments, because they can tell they'd be wasting their breath, just like the adults of your youth. Sad. Now you're manifestly bitter which, of course, is yet another predictable outcome. Left out of the game yet determined to play. Too vain to imagine you were left out for good reason. Too vain to interpret "no takers" as anything other than a form of concession. So yes, you're wrong. And so are your sentences.
@@thomasraywood679 I'm uncertain of what you are referring to as style or whatever other blathering remarks about cars and such nor have I claimed to be a professional in the field or expect rebuttal or reeducation from said professionals. I was simply pointing out that all of modern humanity contains within their genome Neanderthal, Denisovan or a combination of both which would not indicate a random, singular event. Morphology does not indicate a speciation event such as indicated in this presentation and is dangerous and potentially harmful thinking unfortunately deeply embedded in science now, it seems when the narrative defines separate species according to physical appearance instead of successful progenation.
@@thomasraywood679 also, I have never asked to play the game and have always enjoyed research stemmed from curiosity so yes, as a child it did not bode well and evidently still doesn't.
Gotta have an active imagination to do this type of work ...
The biodiversity of modern people is the result of a variety of hominid gene pools making it through to modern times, the home genus is a convergence of a variety of former different hominids, ✌️❤️🇬🇧 7:06
From primates to the homo genus there is a direction of convergence ✌️❤️🇬🇧
Speciation -- interbreeding is all you need to know. People may look strange, but if we interbreed, we're all "us". Anyway, we have absorbed the Neandertals anyway. This morphological test smacks too much of Linnaeus. We now don't have to rely on often misleading morphology but can use ancient DNA. Which seems to show that there is no "them" and "us" with the Neandertals. At least for people outside Sub-Saharan Africa, Stringer's h. sapiens and Neandertals are both ancestral groups -- whatever we think they look like.This view of the Neandertals fits well with Stringer's idea of a composite ancestry. Why exclude the Neandertal conrtibution?
Why not include America?
Attacking Putin should guarantee him more grant funding
MTDNA HAPLOGROUP L0 L1 L2 L3
ALL IN AFRICA
YDNA HAPLOGROUP A AND B , IS ALSO IN AFRICA.
no reason whhy they couldnt they were human and interbred
_H. heidelbergensis_ is pretty clearly Neandersovan branch -- not the last common ancestor of Neandersovans and Sapiens.
No
@@joncorrellattorney😮iiiiii
For me diffrent species are distinct. Its already been enough poorly labeled and named species in taxonomy .Its making the same beaver or sqaurrel problems we inherited from scientist trying to make name for themselves in 1850-1900s that needs corrected.
I've always thought our common understanding of the nuclear family with our most recent shared parent that we all can trace back to is where should name ourselves the modern human family.
But Not that it has to be Different species before that.
So much ancient DNA just isn't shared by certain groups. It's hardly an ancestor of everyone as we commonly think if it on a personal and private domestic level.
This is the for sure family that most people find interest in.
Idk why it hasn't been made it's own field of study ohmning in what we can come to learn and track very thoroughly.
Chris is really interesting, & knowledgeable.The commentator is freaking awful for radio. Cambridge (or whoever is doing this broadcast) surely has someone who doesn’t sound half dead?
Brow ridges are for protection.... duh
A bibliographer not a field archaeologist.
In the beginning GOD
Well, I guess that didn't go over too well. Stop repeating silliness, and learn something.
And in the end Jesus
@@torfarley2889 Yeah, it's time that worn-out fairy tale ended.
How incredibly disappointing! There is so much exciting happening in this area. But this guy spends a dreary long time talking about so-and-so says this should be included in Homo sapiens, but so-and-so says not.
We want to hear the story of humanity, not the story of who said watt.
Don be silly...do you believe your cat is evolved from something else?...someone created different beings at different ages of time...
WHAT.....................We arent from Adam and Eve??????????????????/ lol
I think if you morph Homo floresiensis (The Hobbit) with the Jebel Irhoud, you get the biggening's of Homo Sapiens. What do you all think? Also, the first Homo Sapiens could have had similar IQs to that of the native Australians. Lower IQs, but still very capable in their environment.
SPHEREMOTOR, the future of electricity.
What a biased evidence- lacking statement. Respecting ignorance rights of opinions.,
The ancient civilizations are all descended from Noah who had sixteen grandsons that became the sixteen ancient the civilizations each with their own paternal haplogroup lineage. Gomer Europeans R, Madai Medes Q, Javan Greek sea people T, Tiras Thracians L, Tubal Italy K, Meshek Siberians N, Magog Asian O, Aram Aramean F, Asshur Assyrians G, Elam Elamites H, Arphaxad Arabs Hebrews I&J, Lud Lydians F2, Phut early Phoenicians E1, Mitzrayim Egyptians E3, Canaan Canaanites E2, Cush Cushites A B & C. D could have been the Sinite tribe from Canaan. C is the descendants of Nimrod.
Neanderthals are Japhethites and Denisovans are a mix of Japhethites and Hamites, not Semitic. It shows up on DNA maps and charts. Every grandson of Noah and their descendants have their own paternal Y chromosome haplogroup lineage! I can name all sixteen of them like I just did and give you each of their haplogroups!
Your reasoning is flawed at a fundemental level. There would have been insufficient genetic variably for Noah and his family to repopulate the earth, with homo sapiens. If the story in the bible were true, it would have been the extinction of homo sapiens and we would not still be believing this nonsense today, let alone be reading about it in comments like this. By the way, the same is true for all the animals and plants on earth.
@@kennyw871 It wasn’t the extinction of humanity so live with that.
@@kennyw871 You don’t know how much genetic programming there was to begin with. You think it was all by mistake. A functioning genome is by plan.
Well if you are going to blame someone for the proliferation of sexually transmitted parasites, it may as well be the Noah family keeping them alive and well amongst each other. (Noah is a fictitious character in a work of fiction along with Jesus.)
@@minirock000 Who told you that? My “religion” is truth. If it’s not true, I don’t want any part of it. The geology that we have of five mega sequences of consecutive water deposited sediment layers over a mile deep with fossils in them around the world on every continent necessitates a global flood catastrophe. I know that hurts the belief of every other made up alternate narrative. It just happens to be a fact that we are all the descendants of those who stepped off of the Ark in the area around Mesopotamia.
You can’t argue with known human history or ancient calendars going back only 5,000 years. The ancient civilizations are all descended from Noah who had sixteen grandsons that became the sixteen ancient the civilizations each with their own paternal haplogroup lineage.
1) Tubal Italy K,
2) Javan Greek sea people T,
3) Tiras Thracians L,
4) Magog Asian O,
5) Meshek Siberians N,
6) Madai Medes Q,
7) Gomer Europeans R,
8) Arphaxad Arabs Hebrews I&J,
9) Elam Elamites H,
10) Asshur Assyrians G,
11) Aram Arameans F
12) Lud Lydians F2,
13) Cush Cushites A B & C.
14) Phut early Phoenicians E1,
15) Canaan Canaanites E2,
16) Mitzrayim Egyptians E3,
D is likely the Sinite tribe from Canaan.
C is the descendants of Nimrod since they can’t possibly be from anyone else.
Neanderthals are Japhethites and Denisovans are a mix of Japhethites and Hamites, not Semitic. It shows up on DNA maps and charts. Every grandson of Noah and their descendants have their own paternal Y chromosome haplogroup lineage! I can name all sixteen of them like I just did and give you each of their haplogroups!
The evolutionary out of Africa claim is exactly backwards since the *oldest* progenitor is Japheth the ancestor of Eurasians then the Semitic populations of Shem and then the Hamitic African progenitor is the youngest progenitor with their eldest sons connecting the three different families descended from the three sons of Noah.
It took me a while to understand that the evolutionary claim is assuming that SNP markers are being gained forming the stair steps out of Africa when *the reality is* that the original SNP markers cited are in fact being lost forming the opposite stair steps out of West Asia as known human history shows.
The stair step out of Africa claim has to be addressed because the SNP markers are real evidence but the evolutionary assumption is exactly backwards.
The correct view requires that the older most original genomes of the Japhethites be connected to the Semitics by way of the eldest son of Shem which is Arphaxad (IJ). Arphaxad’s descendants can share the (IJK) SNP marker with the descendants of his uncle Japheth while the descendants of his younger brothers do not share that same (IJK) SNP.
You have to root the tree with Japheth the oldest son of Noah and then the oldest son of Shem (IJ Arphaxad) and then Elam and then Asshur and then the youngest brothers Aram and Lud. So you have to begin with the *most original* Y chromosome of Noah’s oldest son Japheth and then the changes occur in the people who were born later. It’s not necessarily a stair step of descendency. It’s changes in the Y chromosome with time. *Arphaxad isn’t descended from Japheth.* He just shares a marker with his uncle that his father used to have when he was born. Shem then lost the marker when Arphaxad’s younger brothers were born.
The descendants of Shem are then connected to the descendants of Ham by way of Nimrod the King (C) the the eldest son of Cush who is the eldest son of Ham. So the Hamitic CF (xD&E) paternal haplogroup SNP marker was lost to the *odd ones out* and less original younger brothers and cousins verifying the Table of Nations outlined in Genesis.💥 Learn the Bible before trying to learn anything else.
It’s also noteworthy that the D paternal haplogroup lines up with the E2 haplogroup of Canaan which is his son’s tribe of Sinim the Biblical namesake of China. So the only Hamitic haplogroups outside of Africa are the C of Nimrod and the D of the Canaanite tribe of Sinim which is still there in Andaman, Tibetan, Mongolian, Chinese and Japanese areas today.
The earth isn’t flat and neither is the universe flat in regard to the rate of time and the measure of distance. This is a big deal because there is no single rate of the passing of time and there is no single measure of distance in the universe. Billions of years can pass by in between galaxies while mere thousands of years pass by where we are near a supermassive black hole besides the fact that distance is expanded in between galaxies causing redshift and it means that the distances aren’t as far mathematically as some scientists believe.
Acceleration slows down time near a gravitational well. Gravity is everywhere except that between gravitational wells in deep outer space there is much less acceleration to slow down time. It means time goes by at a very fast pace in deep outer space between gravitational wells where there is much less acceleration.
Instead of invoking dark matter and dark energy, do some thought experiments in general relativity and you will understand that the rate of time and the measure of distance are relative to the amount of matter and mass there is in the vicinity. The speed of light literally depends on these two variables of time and distance.
Distances within the galaxies are vast so when we observe another galaxy, we are literally observing differing rates of time and differing measures of distance, still within the limits of other galaxies, not to mention the *extreme* distances *between* galaxies where there is much much less acceleration which accelerates time and expands the measure of distance.
The result is that you are seeing differing speeds of light relative to your observation over great distances from galaxy to galaxy since the measures of time and distance are both dependent on the amount of matter (mass) and gravity there is in the vicinity. (The speed of light isn’t actually changing, the measures of time and distance are changing *which effectively changes the speed of light as we observe it over GREAT distances.)* That’s what causes gravitational lensing too.
The result is that distance is greatly expanded (not expanding) where there is no matter between us and distant galaxies (causing redshift) eliminating the need for dark energy and the movement of the outer spiral arms at the edges of galaxies are at a faster rate of time and a larger measure of distance causing them to move faster as we observe them eliminating the need for dark matter. This also means that plasma jets shooting out from the center of a galaxy aren’t moving seven times the speed of light. It’s that the distance is expanded AND the rate of time is faster the less matter there is in the vicinity.
There is no such thing as a nonsensical infinitely expanding universe faster than the speed of light or an imaginary inflaton and there is no such thing as magical invisible dark matter to coalesce hydrogen into being stars and galaxies.
Distance is *merely* greatly expanded between the black holes in galaxies (causing the redshift) so the universe is not infinitely expanding as is believed and claimed. Not only is distance greatly expanded where there is no matter between galaxies, time runs at a much faster rate where there is much less acceleration. *Both the expansion of distance and the increased rate of time have to be taken into account.*
*It’s what allows for us to see fully formed distant galaxies in the infrared spectrum in the first place.*
I can also tell you about the tectonic plate movement! The continents broke apart 100 years after the global flood as the Bible says. Animals were separated by the split between South America and Africa. The Jaguar and the leopard, the eagles, possums and opossums, the tapirs, the greater grison and the honey badger and crocodiles were all separated by the breakup of the continents.
Sediment layers and the fossils buried by the global flood line up perfectly between the continents. Glacial striations go from south to north in India on top of the sediments deposited by the global flood as well as in South America, Africa and Australia. Animals and entire ecosystems in the north that were shoved into the Arctic were quick frozen in some places and buried by tsunamis from a rise in sea level in other places as result of the breakup and the continents moving north from the centrifugal force of the spinning earth.
The people never made it to South America from Africa as the animals did in the first 100 years because they were too busy trying to build Nimrod’s Tower of Babel. That’s when the earth was divided according to the Bible and the name Peleg was given to the ancestor of Abraham because the word Peleg means divided in Hebrew. However in the later Aramaic, the word Peleg came to mean: “as the waters flow” (between the continents).
The truth is so much better than fiction.
Energy and matter prove the existence of a Creator that is not contingent or dependent on any physical thing that He made. That’s because energy and matter cannot make or direct themselves. So the existence of matter and energy AND the billions of bits of written programming inside of us ordering us to be humans instead of chinchillas or something else proves the existence of an all powerful all knowing eternal Creator of the fabrication our limited measurable quantifiable time and space.