barb rarick: Au Contraire. Melt the polar ice caps to provide a water source, plant vegetation to reduce carbon monoxide and release needed oxygen into the atmosphere (Martian soil is rich in nitrogen). Create manufacturing plants that bellow out smoke to create an ozone layer (ironically, the same thing that is bad for *our* ozone layer would help to create one on Mars). Terraforming isn't a new concept and you also have to remember that at one time Mars was teeming with life. Plus as the Sun gets hotter (it's happening already) Mars would be a viable option considering it's farther away from the Sun.
@@timothymccaskey4362 the sun is going to fuck that world up, sooner or later. It is the epitome of reckless hubris to assume that we can successfully and sustainably substitute the environment we've evolved in on earth. In a few thousand years we'll be better equipped to actually colonize the solar system, what's the rush? Why not wait for scientific and commercial exploration and habitation to pave the way for colonization? I have my own mars colonization fantasies. I'd just prefer to wait until we know what we're doing, before sending thousands of people to their deaths. Branching out into space doesn't have to be a blood bath if it's properly understood and planned. I likely know everything you do about mars colonization unless you represent a domain of expertise, and given what is readily available and understood about mars colonization, it's a fools errand to rush in with what we know now. Anything worth doing is worth doing safely and carefully.
@@JGHinton1989 agreed, it will be step-wise, moon, orbiting structures, etc. maybe early exploration, I agree colonies are a long way off, and there will be deaths, as was the case in early exploration history, ask Magellan.
Joe, I’m dealing with some fairly serious health issues at the moment and I haven’t laughed in months. Your intro made me laugh so hard I watched it twice. Thank you for that.
Some people say that the superfine, toxic and corrosive dust with which Mars is carpeted will be another headache for tomorrow's space-travellers (if there's any Earth left to travel from).
The low gravity could be resolved with a diver harness with weights equal to the person's body weight on earth. Baby care would be interesting, but I guess the same system could apply.
You had around 30k subs this time last year.. I’m so glad people have found this channel. You clearly put a lot of work into it. Keep up the good work man!
Unless a planet or an area of the galaxy already contains life ( not just evidence thereof ) it seems unlikely that any foreign species would last long enough to evolve. Even with advanced tech. the math would run it's course, bringing an end to life. Even space travel would have impractical limits. We are who we are, for better or worse.
Probably should build and keep an O'Neill Cylinder in orbit. With those you can colonize almost any part of the solar system and control how much people evolve. This type of consistency will allow people to move and visit other areas of space more freely.
😂 When you mentioned the “O’Neill” Cylinder all I could think is that someone else had my opinion! The future “Martians” will look like an ORANGE Shaquille O’neal with huge bug-eyes! 🍊👀 … 😆
Something I have wondered for years now and maybe something you could inquire a bit, Joe: Do we humans really still evolve? At least in the western countries you can have serious health issues or disabilities and still live to a ripe old age and have kids (and thus make your genes carry on). Even if your mother's pelvis was too small or your head too big, you will have made it out alive while two hundred years ago both of you would have just died. That to me is pretty much the requirement of evolution taken away: selection. So I think the gene pool of humans will only vary more with every generation, and we will not see change as a species. But maybe someone with a background in (human) biology can enlighten us all?
I started to touch on that in this video but it just didn't fit. There are many who think that our medical technology has weakened us as a species - just look at how many people need corrective lenses.
Yeah, the video is already rather long for a one-topic video on your channel. It would be cool if you could follow up on that in the future. Also, I'd never use the term "weakened" there. As a german I am culturally pretty sensible towards notions that even faintly smell like eugenics, and personally, I also don't think that we will encounter a dark age any time soon where we lose much of our capabilities and knowledge, so even if we have flaws that used to be lethal a couple of centuries ago I don't think they will play a role any longer. That is not to say you have something to do with that racial slur, of course, so I mean no offense.
It's possible that lactose tolerance is a genetic mutation in humans. www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/12/27/168144785/an-evolutionary-whodunit-how-did-humans-develop-lactose-tolerance
Joe Bopp I don't know if this question was directed at me, but afaik that's not evolution. Your genes give you a certain spectrum of height you can grow into, and depending on nourishment (especially in the womb, but also after birth) you grow towards the smaller or taller end of that spectrum. I think kurzgesagt made a video about that once, but it might have been some other knowledge conveying channel.
You don’t need transhumanism to dismiss adaptation on Mars. The kind of adaptation discussed in the video requires that genetic paths die off, like small-footed Carolina lizards slipping to irrelevance. It would take a long, long time for this affect to manifest in any successful Mars colony.
@@erikbahneman83 Yes, without the huge safety net we have here on Earth, the weak supported and carried along, regardless of innate fitness, some sort of return to normal Darwinism may return; a survival of the fittest and natural selection. That would take a long time, upon moving to "surface of Mars" living, from centuries of sheltered habitats.
Joe, thank you so much for getting the definition of evolution correct within the first 2 min. Hollywood still doesn't get how it works and don't even get me started about comic book writers. For a biologist, it is a daily exercise to explain how it works, not how we would like it to work. Thanks again.
Hundreds of thousands of years ago, our early ancestors survived so that we could be here, we know very little about them and it's safe to say that their survival stories would have been epic. It won't be so different.
Thicker bones shouldn't be an advantage on Mars. Bones would thin out precisely because the thickness isn't needed. Evolution doesn't usually reward unneeded abilities. I would expect the opposite; people with thinner bones lose their disadvantage and become relatively fitter.
Actually, bones themselves would just be a disadvantage. Humans will obviously become large amoeba. And with no atmosphere, no way to hear so no reason to talk. Blissful silence on RUclips.
childbirth is very hard on the pelvis, independently to the gravity of a planet. if you have very brittle bones, you would often die in childbirth. So evolution favours those mothers with strong bones. However, because on Mars, everyone has very brittle bones (low gravity), those genes which lead to strong bones are favoured. A person on Mars would still have weaker bones, but they have more of the "strong bones" genes to offset that. Only if they then went to earth again, they would gain stronger bones than we have. (It is a bit similar to superman. On Krypton, he is "just human". His superstrenght etc are canceled out by the higher gravity. Only on earth, he is superman)
I think you nailed it, Joe. The best analogy is the evolution of the Texas accent. It started with the Texicans who migrated largely from the Southern US states, then started adding bits and pieces of Spanish to their day to day, then with allergic reactions to Buffalo Grass, started talking more nasally. Then when it was perceived as being sexy to the woman folk, the Jim Bob “Shucks, ma’am” grew. Of course, continued immigration from Germany when Germans couldn’t get into the US of that era and then the railroad bringing in new waves of easterners kept it on whole from getting too extreme. But, all in all, that’s what genetically is going to happen on Mars as well. Great job!
I think accents are fascinating. There's an island off the coast of Carolina (the name escapes me right now) that has this bizarre accent that's not like anywhere else in the US, like it's almost its own language because they're so isolated.
Joe Scott I think you mean the Geechee or Gullah of coastal SC and GA. It’s a very thick creole of mostly mixed African words and English. My mother’s family is from SC and all my life I heard pure Geechee had blue gums, but that might have been cultural bias.
So, on Mars humans would be in a lower gravity which would lead to us being slimmer and possibly taller with larger heads, larger eyes, radiation resistant skin (say, maybe a reflective metallic or... gray?), and would likely die if they were to return to Earth? So the Greys are real, then?
That is quite interesting, all "aliens" "sighted" have those traits, indicating, as said here, maybe a lower gravity planetary home. You never see a ponderous, elephantine looking creature, which may/would indicate a higher gravity planet of origin than Earth,.... interesting,..... very interesting.
I literally cannot stop watching these video, I feel like school should have been this interesting, more to the point, people would care more about the planet if they were this well educated
I'm so glad that you made this and your other Mars video. I often point out to people how horrible life would actually be on Mars and how it's very possible that we'll never colonize it and they actually get mad at me.
Pull them suckers together and get em dancing like a binary moon system ??? Might have to grab a big rock out of the belt and get a 'ménage à trois' going. Whatever it takes to engineer enough gravity to get those plate tectonics moving which I'm theorizing would release enough CO2 from the ground to thicken up the atmosphere ... eventually pull some tides once we get enough water on the surface ??? Enough tidal gravity might create the friction necessary to heat up the core and spark some volcanic activity ??? CO2 on MARS is your friend. Exciting to try and think out of the box on this ...
People in Africa didn't develop darker skin. We evolved in Africa, so we started with dark skin. It's the Europeans and Asians who changed because they needed to absorb more UV.
I'm watching the series "The Expanse" which puts a lot of thought into this and other aspects of Martians as well as "Belters", people colonizing the asteroid belt. Fascinating topic Joe and the series makes some great points as well.
Stoner thought: so someday, Earth could be to the Martians like Mars is to us right now. - Edit: I see those gosh dang lizards sunbathing on my porch with those little red gobblers all of the time in the summer!
13 minutes while being physically active swimming and hunting is insane. I can hold my breath for a long time, but that's standing relatively still. If I was working out, I'd last a quarter or a third of the time.
I highly doubt it'll take 100,000 years to terraform Mars. It's estimated that it'll only take 100 years to warm Mars up and after that introducing microbes would be easy. Introducing plants will be the slower process but humans could plant them with machines and enriched soil pretty quickly. I wouldn't be surprised if Mars looks a lot like a smaller Earth within the next 1,000 years.
It is but when you consider the rate of advancement with technology and the fact that colonists will be extremely motivated to make their home more hospitable I think it is definitely possible. Especially if SpaceX gets people to Mars by the late 2020s or early 2030s.
In one of the articles I link to in the description, there was a guy who thought it would be closer to 6000 years. Depends on how we do it, but I lean toward it taking much longer.
Smitty Johnson the problem with Mars is that the planet would be "fighting" against terraforming all the time due to it's lack of magnetic fields that protect it against solar winds. That means that even if we managed some form of terraforming on Mars it wouldn't be permanent.
It's estimated that it would take another 500 million years to erode the atmosphere if we were to terraform Mars. That's assuming that we don't protect Mar's atmosphere with an artificial magnetic field. NASA even came up with plans to put a large electromagnet in geosynchronous orbit with Mars to produce an artificial magnetic field. If that's not practical, generating magnetic fields large enough to protect future surface cities on Mars likely will be. What seemed impossible 200 years ago has been done and then some and I don't see why that will change in the future.
I didnt even try holding breath! Nice vid cheers Joe. By the way i would love to sea a video on how they expect the bfr to land on mars without a landing pad
8:39 is exactly what I was thinking throughout this video up to that point. The only thing that would remain true would be the low gravity. Martian colonists would bring their own bacteria with them, and they would be shielded from high radiation and low air pressure by the habitats in which they would live.
*-Pedantic note (or maybe not entirely)-* Not all genetic differences between human populations ("races" if you like) are advantageous in their ancestral environments. The neutral theory of evolution holds that most genetic differences between populations are neutral mutations that reach fixation or high prevalence due to genetic drift.
Guys, videos like this really make me appreciate Earth. We won't be as free anywhere else in this solar system or hell, even in this galaxy(that we know of). Being able to walk, breathe, jump are really taken for granted. Imagine being stuck in a dome for the rest of your life, no matter how big it is. You're still stuck and not free.
Wait what, you haven't watched it yet? I was expecting people who often about the kind of subjects like you do would be well aware about The Expanse. It's the best sci fi since decades. Last time a good sci fi existed it was still the 80s and it was called Star Trek TNG. Here's a taste from season 3: ruclips.net/video/Du_I76MuISU/видео.html
I also heard about a group of people similar to (or the same as?) the bajau people and they have clearer vision under water than out of water since they spend so much of their lives hunting aquatic animals. That's pretty incredible if you ask me!
Side not - I'm sure there would be at least some changes in the development of the brains for kids growing up on mars. Then things could get really interesting ey
So at some point the Martians will not let any more Earthlings land for fear of contamination. Sounds like a reason to start SSW1 (Solar System War #1). Maybe they will have to establish some sort of exclusion zone where outsiders have to live for a certain amount of time before they can exit into the more established Martian communities. My dreams of Martians will now change from green to orange. Thanks Joe! Orange is my favorite color.
I tried holding my breath but when I finally exhaled I realized that my brain had somewhat shut off and I had to rewind because I wasn’t following what you were saying anymore.
Awesome video!! It’s interesting after all the analysis of our suggested process of adaptation the only Fact is that right now we: Earthlings can only survive on earth...without extremely controlled laboratory habitat conditions.😷 Maybe that’s why people keep saying that we should protect our planet. Namaste Scott!! 👍🏼🌎
Outstanding video, as one would expect from the best channel on youtube. I agree we'll start out in martian lava tubes, so protected from radiation and low pressure. Some estimates put the time for terraforming in the neighborhood of 200 years. It'll be great.
The problem with your finishing musings: Surviving here on Earth will be much easier than on Mars - for the foreseeable future. To sustain life on Mars, the Marsians would need constant energy supply in really large amounts (it does not look as if Mars could be terraformed in a way that would be self-sustaining - Mars has no molten core and no active volcanos to supply gas for its atmosphere; solar wind is not the only factor why Mars has no longer an atmosphere to speak of). But interesting thoughts!
Christian Augustin There’s been speculation of bringing in comets, breaking them up along the way and increasing the water/ oxygen content by a ‘soft’ bombardment. But, unless we find a cheap source of frozen nitrogen, it’s still going to be a long time before Mars is Earth normal.
Wood Hughes - This is what I meant with that living on Mars will not be self-sustaining. Mars would need a *constant* influx of gas and water to make life possible (this is what our volcanos do for us - other than looking impressive ;)). I don't see terraforming changing this.
Christian Augustin Yes, but assuming a space based economy (a big assumption but that’s the goal) you can artificially create the magnetosphere, you can move comets, but you can’t create gravity. 1/3 gravity is a very valuable commodity. The most interesting colonization site not being talked about is Saturn. Scientists are speculating about creating floating cities in the skies of Venus, but nobody I know of is talking about doing the same thing with Saturn which has a similar gravity to Earth and Venus, but a relatively friendlier atmospheric composition than Venus.
Wood Hughes - Saturn? I thought we are more interested in the moons than in Saturn itself. Well, we should master our Earth's orbit and the moon first, I think … ;)
Many of the Inuit were smaller and adapted to extreme cold and scarce food supplies. I think I remember reading Inuit peoples might even have fewer sweat glands.
TheOneWhoMightBe - little is known about the micro-bacterial biome in closed artificial habitats, but they seem to closely resemble human homes on Earth [1] It'd be interesting to see if and how a Martian environment changes these findings, given that radiation can be expected to be a little higher and more people are present at all times. [1] "A microbial survey of the International Space Station (ISS)" 2017 Lang et al. peerj.com/articles/4029/
@@jeffk464if she has the sense of a person who isnt Western and therefore eats stuff other than junk, she's gonna be just fine. I dont even remember when I last had a donut actually
Phrenomythic, I think I'm going to check out your channel now. Edit: I like it, your like a less meming Mat Pat. SUBSCRIBE! Edit: I just realized you were the one who made that comment about the "Aquatic Ape" being bogus! UNSUBSCRIBE!
Phrenomythic there's still more potential ways you could say this happens though....like how due to first habitation would most likely be underground so what if it stayed that way?
*+MUD PIE* - You're right! There's plenty of more to cover. I read a paper that showed that it may even be impossible to reproduce on Mars, so then what?
Florida native here. The lizard's name is pronounced "un-knoll", two syllables. The picture your editor used was a knight anole eating a green anole. Cubans are bigger than greens in general, but not that much bigger. Green anoles in mainland Florida have mostly moved into trees as the cubans have taken over. It's getting more and more rare to see them near the ground, but I still sometimes climb trees just to check on 'em.
@@firdauswahab8485 pretty sure you mean venus, its the one that is the twin of earth lol and mercury is way too close to the sun its the closest and the surface temp never woulda been low enough
Joe - what about the cube square law limiting how large land animals can get? With lower gravity wouldnt Martian animals be free to evolve to be larger? Maybe humans the size of whales.
Oh come on -- he explained that he meant the stuff about adapting to the low atmospheric pressure, and then explained that this pressure was so close to zero that no amount of adaptation would be enough. He didn't mention that what little atmosphere is available is mostly unbreatheable carbon dioxide rather than oxygen.
I loved the way the end of the story had people on Mars not even knowing who we were or are simply a story they tell their children at bed time maybe...
6:50 - Haha haha boy in the bubble! But in all seriousness though, living on Mars will involve living in some sort of bubble or bunker to protect against radiation, extremely low atmospheric pressure and temperature swings.
I like how the Amazon Prime series The Expanse shows us this in the show. I highly recommend the show to space enthusiasts.
The best fucking show
I’ll have to check this out. Thanks
'This post was sponsored by Amazon Prime'
2 episodes in and it’s boring as fuck
The guy above me is a huge cunt It’s a big universe they’re setting up. Most people warm up to it around episode 4 or 5 in my experience.
Wider chests, wider hips, orange skin, living in a bubble..... so..... we"ll evolve into the Kardashians? oh god .. ...0_0 haha
lol
barb rarick: Au Contraire. Melt the polar ice caps to provide a water source, plant vegetation to reduce carbon monoxide and release needed oxygen into the atmosphere (Martian soil is rich in nitrogen). Create manufacturing plants that bellow out smoke to create an ozone layer (ironically, the same thing that is bad for *our* ozone layer would help to create one on Mars). Terraforming isn't a new concept and you also have to remember that at one time Mars was teeming with life. Plus as the Sun gets hotter (it's happening already) Mars would be a viable option considering it's farther away from the Sun.
@@timothymccaskey4362 the sun is going to fuck that world up, sooner or later. It is the epitome of reckless hubris to assume that we can successfully and sustainably substitute the environment we've evolved in on earth. In a few thousand years we'll be better equipped to actually colonize the solar system, what's the rush? Why not wait for scientific and commercial exploration and habitation to pave the way for colonization? I have my own mars colonization fantasies. I'd just prefer to wait until we know what we're doing, before sending thousands of people to their deaths. Branching out into space doesn't have to be a blood bath if it's properly understood and planned. I likely know everything you do about mars colonization unless you represent a domain of expertise, and given what is readily available and understood about mars colonization, it's a fools errand to rush in with what we know now. Anything worth doing is worth doing safely and carefully.
@@JGHinton1989 agreed, it will be step-wise, moon, orbiting structures, etc. maybe early exploration, I agree colonies are a long way off, and there will be deaths, as was the case in early exploration history, ask Magellan.
It's a theory not a fact
"Eyes get bigger"
Anime fans: this is all coming together
Addam Shift
Grey aliens: how did they know..
lol
All according to keikaku....
Eventhough japanese people have small eyes. I never got that.
Joe, I’m dealing with some fairly serious health issues at the moment and I haven’t laughed in months.
Your intro made me laugh so hard I watched it twice.
Thank you for that.
that's very sweet!
Did you get better?
Hope your health issues are gone by now!
Hope you're doing better Richard.
What? the intro supposed to be funny? I didnt even thought it supposed to be funny lol
@@ColonizeMARS-hb7qy I think it was the Cuban immigrant joke part.
The gravity is going to be an issue from day one. Living in a cave or dome won't change the gravity.
Some people say that the superfine, toxic and corrosive dust with which Mars is carpeted will be another headache for tomorrow's space-travellers (if there's any Earth left to travel from).
@ungratefulmetalpansy we already have systems that creat, and reuse oxygen so it's not that complex of an issue
Spin Mars
The low gravity could be resolved with a diver harness with weights equal to the person's body weight on earth. Baby care would be interesting, but I guess the same system could apply.
@@craigusbrutus2853 How are you supposed to evenly distribute the mass?
So you mean Martians are gonna be T H I C C
lmao
Space game alien chicks confirmed
i only came here for that comment x)
there gonna become THICC carrots
I like big Martian butt and I cannot lie.
2:53 Many humans were killed during viewing of this video.
I should include an "In Memorium" segment at the end.
My Wife comes from Ethiopia...she has no vibranium...and i am german...No hammer :-(
YOU LIED TO US JOE!!!
Gluten Tag mein unbekannter Freund I dont get the joke
RandomLegend kalgerie plan
@@Preuen-zs1fz Mjolnir
Don't lie. We all know she loves your hammer.
You an not from Scandinavia thats Danmark sweden norway
>grow bigger eyes
did anyone else think of alita battle angel?
Yes! Alita might be closer to reality than we think. No reason humans won't be completely cybernetic in the next century or two.
I love Rosa salazar!!!
His sassy sense of humor gets me everytime. Love it.
You are still holding your breath, right? 😅
@@phatrickmoore LMFAO
"Earth will be thought of as The Cave of Our Ancestors" Nice phrase Joe, I like it.
You had around 30k subs this time last year.. I’m so glad people have found this channel. You clearly put a lot of work into it. Keep up the good work man!
722k subs now :D
@@ryanboscoe9670 1.4m now :D
Now 1.7M
Brilliant video, I love listening to the way you tell a story. It left me with a nice feeling in my stomach by the end.
Awe, thanks. :)
Unless a planet or an area of the galaxy already contains life ( not just evidence thereof ) it seems unlikely that any foreign species would last long enough to evolve. Even with advanced tech. the math would run it's course, bringing an end to life. Even space travel would have impractical limits. We are who we are, for better or worse.
TekaiGuy love you joe!
was it food?
@@joescott , makes me wonder if we evolved and forgot about our original planet and ancestors...
There's actually a super good documentary series on Amazon Prime about this.
It's called 'The Expanse.'
Not a documentary, but really good.
Probably should build and keep an O'Neill Cylinder in orbit. With those you can colonize almost any part of the solar system and control how much people evolve. This type of consistency will allow people to move and visit other areas of space more freely.
😂 When you mentioned the “O’Neill” Cylinder all I could think is that someone else had my opinion! The future “Martians” will look like an ORANGE Shaquille O’neal with huge bug-eyes! 🍊👀 … 😆
This is one of the most informative and mind blowing videos I've ever seen. Thanks Joe!
Something I have wondered for years now and maybe something you could inquire a bit, Joe: Do we humans really still evolve? At least in the western countries you can have serious health issues or disabilities and still live to a ripe old age and have kids (and thus make your genes carry on). Even if your mother's pelvis was too small or your head too big, you will have made it out alive while two hundred years ago both of you would have just died. That to me is pretty much the requirement of evolution taken away: selection. So I think the gene pool of humans will only vary more with every generation, and we will not see change as a species.
But maybe someone with a background in (human) biology can enlighten us all?
I started to touch on that in this video but it just didn't fit. There are many who think that our medical technology has weakened us as a species - just look at how many people need corrective lenses.
Yeah, the video is already rather long for a one-topic video on your channel. It would be cool if you could follow up on that in the future.
Also, I'd never use the term "weakened" there. As a german I am culturally pretty sensible towards notions that even faintly smell like eugenics, and personally, I also don't think that we will encounter a dark age any time soon where we lose much of our capabilities and knowledge, so even if we have flaws that used to be lethal a couple of centuries ago I don't think they will play a role any longer.
That is not to say you have something to do with that racial slur, of course, so I mean no offense.
It's possible that lactose tolerance is a genetic mutation in humans. www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/12/27/168144785/an-evolutionary-whodunit-how-did-humans-develop-lactose-tolerance
what do you say about average male height trending upward for basically all of history?
Joe Bopp I don't know if this question was directed at me, but afaik that's not evolution. Your genes give you a certain spectrum of height you can grow into, and depending on nourishment (especially in the womb, but also after birth) you grow towards the smaller or taller end of that spectrum. I think kurzgesagt made a video about that once, but it might have been some other knowledge conveying channel.
i really doubt we will leave it up to the evolution. We are already messing with Crispr. People will evolve themselves into whatever they want
I avoided going down the transhumanism hole for this one.
that deserves a separate video
You don’t need transhumanism to dismiss adaptation on Mars. The kind of adaptation discussed in the video requires that genetic paths die off, like small-footed Carolina lizards slipping to irrelevance. It would take a long, long time for this affect to manifest in any successful Mars colony.
Vlad Rudeychuk I’m sure most if not all governments will regulate it. Assuming it even gets to that point without, preferably with low failure rates.
@@erikbahneman83 Yes, without the huge safety net we have here on Earth, the weak supported and carried along, regardless of innate fitness, some sort of return to normal Darwinism may return; a survival of the fittest and natural selection. That would take a long time, upon moving to "surface of Mars" living, from centuries of sheltered habitats.
I just thought of H.G. Wells’s eloi and morlocks, from his book The Time Machine.
Joe, thank you so much for getting the definition of evolution correct within the first 2 min. Hollywood still doesn't get how it works and don't even get me started about comic book writers. For a biologist, it is a daily exercise to explain how it works, not how we would like it to work. Thanks again.
I don't know about Anole lizards, but I know that I can cause an *unimaginable* selection pressure on Cannoli
That stuff is goooood
The cannoli with bigger feet will be able to escape you better.
Oh I don't know Joe, those tasty cannoli feet might be the first to go!
i got weirdly emotional at the end
I tried to channel my inner Carl Sagan there. :)
Hundreds of thousands of years ago, our early ancestors survived so that we could be here, we know very little about them and it's safe to say that their survival stories would have been epic. It won't be so different.
Lohit Nagar very well put.
And so we’re just paying it forward here, without even knowing it!
Me too
Same here..
Thicker bones shouldn't be an advantage on Mars. Bones would thin out precisely because the thickness isn't needed. Evolution doesn't usually reward unneeded abilities.
I would expect the opposite; people with thinner bones lose their disadvantage and become relatively fitter.
I was just thinking the same thing 👍
Actually, bones themselves would just be a disadvantage. Humans will obviously become large amoeba. And with no atmosphere, no way to hear so no reason to talk. Blissful silence on RUclips.
childbirth is very hard on the pelvis, independently to the gravity of a planet.
if you have very brittle bones, you would often die in childbirth.
So evolution favours those mothers with strong bones.
However, because on Mars, everyone has very brittle bones (low gravity), those genes which lead to strong bones are favoured.
A person on Mars would still have weaker bones, but they have more of the "strong bones" genes to offset that.
Only if they then went to earth again, they would gain stronger bones than we have.
(It is a bit similar to superman. On Krypton, he is "just human". His superstrenght etc are canceled out by the higher gravity. Only on earth, he is superman)
Flawless logic in all your arguments and conclusions. Wow. Great video!
I long for the day when Duolingo adds Martian to their list
Why would martians develop a language though
It would probably be an accent similar to Australian or texan accents but Martian
I think you nailed it, Joe. The best analogy is the evolution of the Texas accent. It started with the Texicans who migrated largely from the Southern US states, then started adding bits and pieces of Spanish to their day to day, then with allergic reactions to Buffalo Grass, started talking more nasally. Then when it was perceived as being sexy to the woman folk, the Jim Bob “Shucks, ma’am” grew.
Of course, continued immigration from Germany when Germans couldn’t get into the US of that era and then the railroad bringing in new waves of easterners kept it on whole from getting too extreme. But, all in all, that’s what genetically is going to happen on Mars as well.
Great job!
I think accents are fascinating. There's an island off the coast of Carolina (the name escapes me right now) that has this bizarre accent that's not like anywhere else in the US, like it's almost its own language because they're so isolated.
Joe Scott I think you mean the Geechee or Gullah of coastal SC and GA. It’s a very thick creole of mostly mixed African words and English. My mother’s family is from SC and all my life I heard pure Geechee had blue gums, but that might have been cultural bias.
Joe Scott The lobstering communities along the coast of Maine also have amazing accents. Barely understandable but wonderfully warm people.
So, on Mars humans would be in a lower gravity which would lead to us being slimmer and possibly taller with larger heads, larger eyes, radiation resistant skin (say, maybe a reflective metallic or... gray?), and would likely die if they were to return to Earth?
So the Greys are real, then?
Shhhh.....
Michael Wade lol. we would basically turn into the Roswell aliens 👽.
you dont evolve if the entire species dies in seconds
That is quite interesting, all "aliens" "sighted" have those traits, indicating, as said here, maybe a lower gravity planetary home. You never see a ponderous, elephantine looking creature, which may/would indicate a higher gravity planet of origin than Earth,.... interesting,..... very interesting.
Best way to get back to Earth and not be harmed by Earth might be to simulate Earth's gravity.
I want to have my kid born on Mars and name him Marvin.
Marvin the Martian
Brandon K. Ferguson You have some weird dreams my friend. Totally NOT judging you.....
abhi verma I thought it was clever 😔
Brandon K. Ferguson
I am sure Marvin will be a very popular name on Mars.
Brandon K. Ferguson-& if she's a girl, "Marsha" perhaps?😂
Please record this conversation with your wife.
*So Martian humans will basically be 2019 beauty standards?*
No, they’re the orange greys
I literally cannot stop watching these video, I feel like school should have been this interesting, more to the point, people would care more about the planet if they were this well educated
Yeah, school has a knack for taking subjects that you are really interested in and love and making them boring as hell in the classroom...
Well said 🙌🏼
8:50 *Isaac Arthur intensifies*
Exactly.
You should see The Expanse, it's about a lot of things that you're commenting about and on many occasions it reminded me of the Mass Effect
Clearly I need to put my lief on pause and binge this show. I get about 5 comments about it every day.
I held my breath about 200 times during this video :P
Joe you make me expand my knowledge and make me think about things I would never even explore.
Thank you
I'm so glad that you made this and your other Mars video. I often point out to people how horrible life would actually be on Mars and how it's very possible that we'll never colonize it and they actually get mad at me.
I don't think there's any chance of a permanent human settlement. Everything about Mars is toxic to humans. Everything.
I died holding my breath during this. You'll be hearing from my wife's lawyer.
Does she also happen to want to speak to the manager?...
Can I breathe yet?
Hold...
It's been 5 months, how are you holding up?
Checking in, you okay?
surface first!
It's only been 7 months. Just hold a little longer......
It needs a real moon. Those two little pebbles aren't going to cut it!
And one of those Pebbles are gonna crash to Mars! So ya.
for what?
Pull them suckers together and get em dancing like a binary moon system ??? Might have to grab a big rock out of the belt and get a 'ménage à trois' going. Whatever it takes to engineer enough gravity to get those plate tectonics moving which I'm theorizing would release enough CO2 from the ground to thicken up the atmosphere ... eventually pull some tides once we get enough water on the surface ??? Enough tidal gravity might create the friction necessary to heat up the core and spark some volcanic activity ??? CO2 on MARS is your friend. Exciting to try and think out of the box on this ...
@Ojas Jha .. Yeah.. it has a great shape too.
People in Africa didn't develop darker skin. We evolved in Africa, so we started with dark skin. It's the Europeans and Asians who changed because they needed to absorb more UV.
I'm watching the series "The Expanse" which puts a lot of thought into this and other aspects of Martians as well as "Belters", people colonizing the asteroid belt. Fascinating topic Joe and the series makes some great points as well.
Donald Trump is from Mars.
Maybe
Yeah stut! And your head is up you rectum!
Are you from Uranus then?
Well shit.
Revenge of the martians
Stoner thought: so someday, Earth could be to the Martians like Mars is to us right now.
-
Edit: I see those gosh dang lizards sunbathing on my porch with those little red gobblers all of the time in the summer!
Dude that thought blows my mind everyday, even more so since it could happen in my lifetime
Stoner thought, did life start on Mars get seeded to earth and then wiped on Mars.
Or life started on Venus and Mars is the next step out from the Sun
Fascinating thoughts there, Joe. New to your videos, and really enjoying them. Makes one think ... great work
His voice helps put me to sleep at night.. He has that voice that is calming....like everything is ok....
13 minutes while being physically active swimming and hunting is insane. I can hold my breath for a long time, but that's standing relatively still. If I was working out, I'd last a quarter or a third of the time.
I held my breath for a minute and 14 seconds!
I highly doubt it'll take 100,000 years to terraform Mars. It's estimated that it'll only take 100 years to warm Mars up and after that introducing microbes would be easy. Introducing plants will be the slower process but humans could plant them with machines and enriched soil pretty quickly. I wouldn't be surprised if Mars looks a lot like a smaller Earth within the next 1,000 years.
Smitty Johnson that's optimistic.
It is but when you consider the rate of advancement with technology and the fact that colonists will be extremely motivated to make their home more hospitable I think it is definitely possible. Especially if SpaceX gets people to Mars by the late 2020s or early 2030s.
In one of the articles I link to in the description, there was a guy who thought it would be closer to 6000 years. Depends on how we do it, but I lean toward it taking much longer.
Smitty Johnson the problem with Mars is that the planet would be "fighting" against terraforming all the time due to it's lack of magnetic fields that protect it against solar winds. That means that even if we managed some form of terraforming on Mars it wouldn't be permanent.
It's estimated that it would take another 500 million years to erode the atmosphere if we were to terraform Mars. That's assuming that we don't protect Mar's atmosphere with an artificial magnetic field. NASA even came up with plans to put a large electromagnet in geosynchronous orbit with Mars to produce an artificial magnetic field. If that's not practical, generating magnetic fields large enough to protect future surface cities on Mars likely will be. What seemed impossible 200 years ago has been done and then some and I don't see why that will change in the future.
I didnt even try holding breath! Nice vid cheers Joe. By the way i would love to sea a video on how they expect the bfr to land on mars without a landing pad
They’ll just have to wait a month for the dust to die down.
8:39 is exactly what I was thinking throughout this video up to that point. The only thing that would remain true would be the low gravity. Martian colonists would bring their own bacteria with them, and they would be shielded from high radiation and low air pressure by the habitats in which they would live.
Your stuff is always great, Joe. I love how you can make any subject hyper-interesting. All good wishes!
*-Pedantic note (or maybe not entirely)-*
Not all genetic differences between human populations ("races" if you like) are advantageous in their ancestral environments. The neutral theory of evolution holds that most genetic differences between populations are neutral mutations that reach fixation or high prevalence due to genetic drift.
So is that another way of saying that many traits came to become common by random chance?
Marsapiens?
I thought for sure there was already an agreed-upon term for it, but couldn't find one.
Homo sapiens martius?
Homo Martis would be about right. Tuesday is Dies Martis, day of Mars. Maybe even use the more neutral Gens Martia rather than masculine 'Homo'?
Marsupilami?
Homo sapiens marstus
Damn Joe, that last part blow my mind
2:55 I tried it and only made a minute. Damn cigarettes
I don’t even take Ciggaretts and I lasted 10 Seconds.
I can make it a little over 130 seconds, but I used to play a wind instrument, so my lungs are pretty good
Guys, videos like this really make me appreciate Earth. We won't be as free anywhere else in this solar system or hell, even in this galaxy(that we know of). Being able to walk, breathe, jump are really taken for granted. Imagine being stuck in a dome for the rest of your life, no matter how big it is. You're still stuck and not free.
Rolling out "The Expanse" in real time...
I was thinking the same thing!
I'm gonna have to finally watch that show.
Wait what, you haven't watched it yet? I was expecting people who often about the kind of subjects like you do would be well aware about The Expanse. It's the best sci fi since decades. Last time a good sci fi existed it was still the 80s and it was called Star Trek TNG.
Here's a taste from season 3: ruclips.net/video/Du_I76MuISU/видео.html
Joe Scott if you have time start with the books!
the "realism" in the expanse is greatly exaggerated.
I also heard about a group of people similar to (or the same as?) the bajau people and they have clearer vision under water than out of water since they spend so much of their lives hunting aquatic animals. That's pretty incredible if you ask me!
Side not - I'm sure there would be at least some changes in the development of the brains for kids growing up on mars. Then things could get really interesting ey
Interesting. I hadn't heard that.
Earth Humans: 🙂
Martian Humans: 👁👄👁
Fav Channel at the mo your humor and summaries are awesome!!!!
Very well put. Thank you for you video.
So at some point the Martians will not let any more Earthlings land for fear of contamination. Sounds like a reason to start SSW1 (Solar System War #1). Maybe they will have to establish some sort of exclusion zone where outsiders have to live for a certain amount of time before they can exit into the more established Martian communities. My dreams of Martians will now change from green to orange. Thanks Joe! Orange is my favorite color.
I tried holding my breath but when I finally exhaled I realized that my brain had somewhat shut off and I had to rewind because I wasn’t following what you were saying anymore.
Awesome video!! It’s interesting after all the analysis of our suggested process of adaptation the only Fact is that right now we: Earthlings can only survive on earth...without extremely controlled laboratory habitat conditions.😷 Maybe that’s why people keep saying that we should protect our planet. Namaste Scott!! 👍🏼🌎
I was just rewatching this and noticed @3:37 that you mentioned there are other factors to considered. I would love to see a part 2 of this video.
Joe, you just described The Expanse where Mars and Earth have parted ways
great, so we're gonna evolve to look like south park aliens
no no those were people from the future ware all races mixed into one non descriptive tan color
So resident rump is from Mars?
Makes sense.
Outstanding video, as one would expect from the best channel on youtube. I agree we'll start out in martian lava tubes, so protected from radiation and low pressure. Some estimates put the time for terraforming in the neighborhood of 200 years. It'll be great.
Watched this video in two parts, paused overnight, over a 2 day period while still holding my breath! I'm ready for Mars!
Thanks joe I’ve been a big fan for a few years now I appreciate your honesty
Great Netflix to watch... The Expanse. It addresses interesting possibilities relating to this.
Enjoy 😊
I've actually been looking for a new website hosting provider! Sadly, when I went to check out your website it won't load....
Not a great omen.
The problem with your finishing musings: Surviving here on Earth will be much easier than on Mars - for the foreseeable future. To sustain life on Mars, the Marsians would need constant energy supply in really large amounts (it does not look as if Mars could be terraformed in a way that would be self-sustaining - Mars has no molten core and no active volcanos to supply gas for its atmosphere; solar wind is not the only factor why Mars has no longer an atmosphere to speak of). But interesting thoughts!
Christian Augustin There’s been speculation of bringing in comets, breaking them up along the way and increasing the water/ oxygen content by a ‘soft’ bombardment. But, unless we find a cheap source of frozen nitrogen, it’s still going to be a long time before Mars is Earth normal.
Wood Hughes - This is what I meant with that living on Mars will not be self-sustaining. Mars would need a *constant* influx of gas and water to make life possible (this is what our volcanos do for us - other than looking impressive ;)). I don't see terraforming changing this.
There's a reason I just kinda skipped past terraforming.
Christian Augustin Yes, but assuming a space based economy (a big assumption but that’s the goal) you can artificially create the magnetosphere, you can move comets, but you can’t create gravity. 1/3 gravity is a very valuable commodity. The most interesting colonization site not being talked about is Saturn.
Scientists are speculating about creating floating cities in the skies of Venus, but nobody I know of is talking about doing the same thing with Saturn which has a similar gravity to Earth and Venus, but a relatively friendlier atmospheric composition than Venus.
Wood Hughes - Saturn? I thought we are more interested in the moons than in Saturn itself. Well, we should master our Earth's orbit and the moon first, I think … ;)
Many of the Inuit were smaller and adapted to extreme cold and scarce food supplies. I think I remember reading Inuit peoples might even have fewer sweat glands.
Love your channel. Thanks so much for all the interesting discussions.
When he said hammer the one on his shelf stood out like a sore thumb
lack of bacteria would not be a problem. Life finds a way.
(Insert Ian Malcolm laugh here)
We're microbe factories, so any colonists arecstill going to be swimming in the soup anyway. Plus regular cross-contamination as people come and go.
TheOneWhoMightBe
- little is known about the micro-bacterial biome in closed artificial habitats, but they seem to closely resemble human homes on Earth [1]
It'd be interesting to see if and how a Martian environment changes these findings, given that radiation can be expected to be a little higher and more people are present at all times.
[1] "A microbial survey of the International Space Station (ISS)" 2017 Lang et al. peerj.com/articles/4029/
7:57 Wide Hips? YES I need a Martian girl
That Martian girl has a gorgeous body
@@19chandi Yeah, just wait until the Martians reinvent donuts.
@@jeffk464if she has the sense of a person who isnt Western and therefore eats stuff other than junk, she's gonna be just fine. I dont even remember when I last had a donut actually
I like you Joe Scott. you make solid little didies that dont waste my time and I will continue to watch them.
Really liked this episode.
Evironmental loci (as shifting too fast a.k.a. "Antigens").
Now thats IF we land on mars...i mean humans are still arguing on fortnite...
And we will there, too.
Hey! I wanted to cover this topic, dang it!
Phrenomythic, I think I'm going to check out your channel now.
Edit: I like it, your like a less meming Mat Pat. SUBSCRIBE!
Edit: I just realized you were the one who made that comment about the "Aquatic Ape" being bogus! UNSUBSCRIBE!
Phrenomythic there's still more potential ways you could say this happens though....like how due to first habitation would most likely be underground so what if it stayed that way?
*+MUD PIE* - You're right! There's plenty of more to cover. I read a paper that showed that it may even be impossible to reproduce on Mars, so then what?
your optimism is great.
Florida native here. The lizard's name is pronounced "un-knoll", two syllables. The picture your editor used was a knight anole eating a green anole. Cubans are bigger than greens in general, but not that much bigger. Green anoles in mainland Florida have mostly moved into trees as the cubans have taken over. It's getting more and more rare to see them near the ground, but I still sometimes climb trees just to check on 'em.
@11 minutes : what if we are a result of another species having dropped us off on planet earth....
ancient aliens
Yeah we are originally from mercury
@@firdauswahab8485 pretty sure you mean venus, its the one that is the twin of earth lol and mercury is way too close to the sun its the closest and the surface temp never woulda been low enough
Answer: see, Mechanicum of Mars.
I thought I was your long suffering fan🥺
I wrote an essay for college on the aquatic ape theory 20 years ago. Fascinating subject.
Joe - what about the cube square law limiting how large land animals can get? With lower gravity wouldnt Martian animals be free to evolve to be larger? Maybe humans the size of whales.
in fact i dont think 40% of one g is enough, we will still have bone problems
Go joe!!🖤 Though everything you just said is bullshit it's really interesting bullshit
Lol, that was a new view on the word, Bullshit xD
Oh come on -- he explained that he meant the stuff about adapting to the low atmospheric pressure, and then explained that this pressure was so close to zero that no amount of adaptation would be enough. He didn't mention that what little atmosphere is available is mostly unbreatheable carbon dioxide rather than oxygen.
yes, i'm still still holding my breath!
btw why is the video getting darker and darker at th
That is a great ending! I have never even thought that out that way. Definitely cool to think about
I loved the way the end of the story had people on Mars not even knowing who we were or are simply a story they tell their children at bed time maybe...
After 10 months, I’m still holding my breath..
Planet of the Trumps.
Just stumbled upon your channel. I saw 2 of your videos and was impressed.
Amazing videos, both the ones I watch so far. Keep up the good work Joe!
6:50 - Haha haha boy in the bubble! But in all seriousness though, living on Mars will involve living in some sort of bubble or bunker to protect against radiation, extremely low atmospheric pressure and temperature swings.