Continental Rifting - Vignette 01
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- Опубликовано: 27 сен 2024
- This video illustrates how continents rift apart. Geographic area of interest: Red Sea and East African Rift; Geological time interval : 40 Ma (late Eocene) - Modern.
keywords: plate tectonics, Red Sea, African Rift, Rift Valleys, Gulf of Aden, Zagros mountains, Afar triangle, Plate tectonics, Scotese, animation
Please cite this work as:
Scotese, C.R., & van der Pluijm, B., 2020. Deconstructing Tectonics: Ten Animated Explorations, "Continental Rifting", Earth and Space Science, 7, e2019EA000989. doi. org/10.1029/2019EA000989
More Info:
Continental rifting is the process by which continental lithosphere undergoes horizontal extension, creating a rift zone (Burke and Dewey, 1973). During rifting, the lithosphere stretches roughly perpendicular to the trend of the rift. We distinguish between active and inactive rifts, based on the timing of extension. Active rifts are places where extension currently takes place. We find an array of active normal faults that cuts the plate, which is accompanied by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The faulting in active rifts yields a distinctive topography that is characterized by the occurrence of linear ridges that border depressions.
Inactive rifts are places where lithospheric extension ceased some time ago. Instead of earthquakes and eruptions, we find inactive normal faults and thick deposits of sandstones, conglomerates and volcanics in depressions. The preservation of an inactive rift means that rifting stopped before it succeeded in splitting a continent. Such inactive rifts are also known as aulacogens (from the Greek for “furrow”).
Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula preserve a recent record of continental rifting and incipient ocean basin formation. We see the evolution of a triple junction (today’s Afar Triangle) since ~35Ma, where one arm, the East African Rift, accommodates limited extension, possibly resulting in a failed continental rift in the future. Such failed rifts are found around the world, including the Paleozoic Donets Basin in Ukraine and the Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift of the USA.
The other two arms of the triple junction in Africa show the full rift-to-drift cycle, resulting in the formation of oceanic lithosphere in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Opening of the northern arms of the triple junction continues today at a rate of 2-3 cm/y. Further ocean spreading in the region may be limited, however, as the African and Arabian plates move northward and collide with the Eurasian continent.
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Best christmas present ever! 💖
can i just say.... back in 2017 i watched ur old videos, its kinda what got me into geography, history, countries, etc
thank you, nice for you to upload :)
christopher you crystal movement is so amazing 👍
He's back once again
The legend is back
@@pba4591 Yes too
Africa is spitting in two and Saudi Arabia is the knife slicing into Africa with a very sharp point. All of the eastern half of Africa is seeing the only volcanoes and active geology in the Great Rift Zone. Eventually, like Madagascar, it will sail off towards India.
Like it 👍🏼
These are great! Do you think you could collect these vignettes into a playlist?
India crash into Eurasia created Sinai, Red, Dead and Galilea seas: Iran was part of Laurasia, Persian Gulf Dried from North to South.
Wat happens next? A glimpse into the future would be interesting. I really learn from your videos. Be well.
Yes, we would all like to know the future. There's no way to predict this chaotic motion of the future with certainty.
The triple split of Arabia, Somalia, and the test of Africa will continue to spread... That's a guarantee. We certainly can project a few dozen Ma into the future...
"Afar" far better early holiday present "issa" that "Iran" your vignette and it was parting the Red Sea all over again. :)
Hi I love your videos of the history of the earth
I really like the music. And I love doing this.
I just want to know the future and stuff
How come I don't see the inland waterways/ lakes of the Sahara ?
Amazing to see how mobile its been so recently. Thanks for this.
In this Time - Frame: Age of Man just an instant
Never thought you would post a video now
WOW! We are so small compared to these huge movements. If the earth really moved this fast, we'd have a sci-fi movie and I'm sure life couldn't exist.
Nice!!!!
Hello haw can i contact you!
The formation of the Red Sea.
Kind of surprised we haven't seen any Tech Dude Bros, who are always thinking about really-long-term concepts, saying that investing in the Suez Canal and the Red Sea is a bad idea because of continental rifting, and proposing we should be investing in the Gulf of Oman or the Persian Gulf. Seems like something they would do.
Lol. this is showing the past, not the future.
@@dziban303 Ah, well, in that case surely the Red Sea will get even larger, thus the annoying Tech Dude Bros should be encouraging even more investments into that area, lol.