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Electronoob love your channel! one thing that this video really has me thinking is safety! I work with high voltage every day. and every time I have to reach in an electrical enclosure I have a deep respect for what is in there. I try to be as safe as possible but there can be a mistake at any minute and it can cost you your life even at lower voltages like your using. I don't want to go on about this for long so I'll make a short list of my concerns. *Latex gloves - won't do much for you, try the real electrical insulated ones made for that. *Saftey glasses - maybe show that you used them? better yet a face shield. especially because of the capacitors. *Master disconnect - even if its a power strip with a switch. what if your motor knocks your board in your lap. sorry, you did have a switch but that will be moving with the cable if it is falling. I don't know how far to take the safety but I would take it a little further just because you probably have some kids and really inexperienced people watching that could get hurt. even if you said not to try this at home. maybe a little more safety? Please? I am one for doing more projects with the higher voltages, but safely.
Amazing video. Thank you for putting in so much effort to explain the project with all the animations and diagrams. most RUclipsrs don't bother with such details, but you genuinely want others to learn. thanks
Great project, thanks for sharing. For information, idealy for an AC motor one should keep the V/f ratio constant. In other words if the frequence is lower that the nominal frequence, the rms voltage to the motor should be lower thant the nominal voltage. On the other side, if the frequency to the motor is higner than the normal frequence, one should boost the voltage, otherwise you quickly loose torque (in a factor of the missing voltage squared).
Hi, great project. At 8:30 you say you have fullwave rectification, your protoboard layout shows this as well, however the scope trace shows halfwave rectification. I know for the scope trace you have just got a bridge and scope connected in the foreground. I realise you can't connect both channels with common gnds to input and output of a rectifier circuit, so it may have been better to do it in two shots, explaining the outcome.
5:28 In three-phase AC motors, the coils aren't necessarily 120° displaced in space. That would be true if there was only one coil for each phase. 5:49 That is Faraday's law (electromagnetic induction). Lorentz law is related to electromagnetic forces, which is what you explained a few seconds later.
I tried to make a similar circuit, and i am currently still working on it. Here is some of the things i like to keep in mind. There has to be a deadband time between switching the Hbridge in order to avoid shorting the bulk capacitors to ground. Also, you might want to have the SPWM start slowly to avoid slippage in the rotor, so the frequency has to slowly ramp up to the desired value. The turn-on/turn-off time of the optocoupler is not to be ignored, depending on how high your frequency goes, it can give some pretty frustrating results. Single phase induction motors have a startup capacitor that might discharge very quickly your own bulk capacitors on startup. Depending on the size, you might have to use alot more than just 1 high voltage capacitor, maybe also a series resistor to limit the charging current that can be disconnected by a relay?. To give you an idea, in my case I had to use 7 high voltage caps, 1000 uF, since i was using a big induction AC motor. For a small motor, the H Bridge you built is fine, however in a much more current heavy application, it can be a good idea to protect the IGBTs with external fast recovery diodes, >10 amps, instead of relying on the internal diodes found in the IGBTs. In that case, mounting the active components to a heatsink is also a good consideration. As a last detail, i noticed that the traces are quite small in the PCB you ordered. Again in a small ac motor application, it shouldn't be a big problem, but for a bigger application, consider enlarging your high current traces. For a furthur implementation, power factor correction is also important, just a thought to keep in mind. Great video! can't wait to see how this develops!!
The thing I don't understand is he used N channel igbt's I thought n channel transistors can only turn on and off negative. Where as p channel can turn on and off positive. How is the H bridge working with all n channels
Heh, I was considering making a DIY 3-phase style VFD. Normal industrial VFDs can only go up to 400Hz, but I am needing one that can do 1.2kHz (for a 72000* RPM motor). Fortunately, I was able to find the correct application specific VFD for pretty cheap. Would still be a fun project though as I am the VFD guy at work would like to get a better understanding of how they work internally. *Edit: I intended to say 72,000 RPM instead of 7200. Its the drive motor for a turbomolecular vacuum pump.
Thank you. Learned something new. Did not expect your IGBTs to switch with bootstrapped highside drivers. Does it with a amplitude modulation of 1? Also really interested in how your current waveform looks like
When you said you change the switching frequency in the spwm circuit that was wrong in a spwm circuit you use a constant high switching frequency and you change the pulse width of the pulses in order to get the derided signal on the output
You really need to add a 'bleeder resistor' to those 400V capacitors, so they discharge when power is disconnected. 1M ohm in parallel with the capacitor, 1/4W resistors are only good for 200V though, so either use 2x 500kohm in series, or use a larger 1W resistor. Given you've already ordered the PCBs, add the resistor to the pins of the capacitor under the board, before you cut them off.
Ok I fully understand how the circuit works but just one thing I need to get straight the ground of the rectifier is connected to the ground of the igbt right
I think there’s a mistake when you talk about the rectifier. You said it’s half wave but it’s actually full wave rectifier. You even later show the simulation of the schematic and that’s a full bridge rectifier.
@8:32 is not the output of a full bridge rectifier. A full bridge rectifier will double the line frequency. What you are showing, is the rectification of a single diode. Also, for any application of less than 100mA, a capacitive dropper power supply is a lot cheaper. Unless you must have the galvanic isolation that the small smps transformer provides.
Great tutorial on the topic could you please let us know what gate drivers you used for this and value of bootstrap capacitor and what eda software you used
The AC motor you used is a shaded pole motor. Sorry but I'm afraid that the theory of operation you stated in the video may not be fully correct. There are 2 shorted wire loops on the stator (laminated silicon-iron core) near the rotor of the shaded pole motor, which are necessary for the creation of the rotating magnetic field and the rotation of the motor. Also, as the shaded pole motor is an induction (or asynchronous) motor, the rotation speed of the rotor dosen't have to be synchronized with the input AC frequency. The synchronization is only needed for synchronized motors (permanent magnet motor or excited motor, for example).
Hi can you post a schematic for the frequency inverter and the exact arduino code Assosciated with it ? I would like to know how to hook up the potentiometer and start with the simpler circuit before I move on to the driver circuit
Excellent Video! I have one question. Right now I have a D6124 CA 651 Integrated Circuit, but I don't know the main functionality. I desoldered the IC from an old TV remote control. I've searched for some datasheet related to the IC but it is a little bit difficult to find and download the specific PDF. Can you explain to me what is this IC about? Thank you Electronoobs! Greetings from Ecuador.
I tried making this circuit and it didn't seem to work. The igbt gate driver has a high and a low output for the high and low igbts. The low side works find it turns on and off the igbt just fine but the high side just stays on.
I would rather be extremely careful with the board you designed..there are lots of clearance issues between the AC voltage and the low voltage side. I would suggest replacing the electrolytics on the bootstrap side of the drivers with ceramics as they have very low ESR, and you don't really need a lot of capacitance. Adding some decoupling capacitors near the input of the drivers also helps.
I tried making this circuit and the issue I came across is with the gate driver ic. The LO pin on the oc turns on and off the low side igbt just fine but the HO pin stays on all the time. Even if I don't have a Arduino connection to the ic
Hola, sigo tus videos, noté que tu circuito tiene un pequeño problema (ver minuto 10:17) no puedes conectar el rectificador al terminal de tierra. Cortocircuito Dañar el puente de diodos. No se puede conectar la masa del osciloscopio al condensador negativo. Un fuerte abrazo y felicitaciones por su trabajo y por la elección de los temas que cubre en sus videos. Gracias
very well explained!, I wanna build that driver but to supply a Flyback in order to deliver 8kV to 20 kV and adjustable frequency to a discharge of 8 kHz. How could I do that using your example?. Also I checked your video about how CFL works, and I was thinking in a way to control the frequency using that base circuit.
how to connect the potentiometer? i can't realize it.can u provide to me the vfd circuit diagram?cause I am doing this project to see your video..help me
So I'm basically building the same circuit . and am having problems with what I think is called the miller effect. The high side IGBT not switching correctly. does your circuit compensate for that. Thanks.
I've developed circuit of inverter circuit with gate triggering circuit using op-amp. I've compared square and triangular waves and implied SPWM technique with that. I want to know that how can I generate that sine and triangular waves which are to be given as the input of op-amp without using function generator or Arduino......
I never use optocoupler before in my circuit but I try turning on on I have removed for a old micro wave clock circuit but I was in for a surprise I connected the output signal of my micro controller and to ground it just short circuit on me I don’t think all optocoupler or the same because if a signal of 9 volt con turn it on I don’t know about this one can you recommend one that is use in signal
Hello! What´s the voltage that gets to the motor? My country is 120v so is my shaded pole motor. Is it possible to use your circuit without damaging the 120v motor?
A simple integrated circuit should be used, not an arduino. ICs require no programming and can run on typical dc voltage. The IRS2453 would suffice for an h bridge driver even with high power and current mosfets. You adjust the frequency by using a resistor and capacitor in series to give the input pin the right voltage and it automatically will oscillate at the desired frequency.
I see that the gate resistors are 1k, which is way too high. 10 ohms or 4.7 ohms is a more reasonable starting value. The optoisolators are configured to turn on the transistors with no input signal, not a good way to do it. Also keep in mind that it's surprisingly difficult to design a robust power stage which is why for my home solar inverter, I'm planning to reuse the power stage of a Prius inverter instead of building one from scratch.
Hey Great video. I just want to make the same project And I tried your code but it's showing some error it's not working I don't know why. Can you please help me out....
If, I boost up 300VDc from cap to @400VDc, then I feed it to Fullbridge igbt as your circuit, can I get 380VAc? Actually, I'm searching for converting 220VAc to 380VAc, since I repaired some 3phase 380VAc welding machines. Thx You, anw
I can't see anything preventing both transistors on one side being turned on at once. In fact it looks like they will be until the arduino gets going. That might b why it blew up.
I try using optocoupler pc 817 and add pwm signal the signal is really small 2.5 and o use 12 to the optocoupler emitter pin and I get 12 volt yes but no plus signal
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Me: stressed
Electronoobs: new video uploaded!
Me: stress free now. No matter you completed your video or not. I just like to watch your videos.
@@pr2207A so glad to hear this!
Electronoob love your channel! one thing that this video really has me thinking is safety! I work with high voltage every day. and every time I have to reach in an electrical enclosure I have a deep respect for what is in there. I try to be as safe as possible but there can be a mistake at any minute and it can cost you your life even at lower voltages like your using. I don't want to go on about this for long so I'll make a short list of my concerns.
*Latex gloves - won't do much for you, try the real electrical insulated ones made for that.
*Saftey glasses - maybe show that you used them? better yet a face shield. especially because of the capacitors.
*Master disconnect - even if its a power strip with a switch. what if your motor knocks your board in your lap. sorry, you did have a switch but that will be moving with the cable if it is falling.
I don't know how far to take the safety but I would take it a little further just because you probably have some kids and really inexperienced people watching that could get hurt. even if you said not to try this at home. maybe a little more safety? Please? I am one for doing more projects with the higher voltages, but safely.
Hey I want to make a same project but ur code is showing some error Im not able to solve it
Can you please help me out
Amazing video. Thank you for putting in so much effort to explain the project with all the animations and diagrams. most RUclipsrs don't bother with such details, but you genuinely want others to learn. thanks
I finally understand how VFDs work and why you would use them. Thanks again for an excellent video.
Great video as usual, congrats on the new lab!
These are really interesting
What you are doing is outstanding by having people learn these stuff so easily
Great project, thanks for sharing. For information, idealy for an AC motor one should keep the V/f ratio constant. In other words if the frequence is lower that the nominal frequence, the rms voltage to the motor should be lower thant the nominal voltage. On the other side, if the frequency to the motor is higner than the normal frequence, one should boost the voltage, otherwise you quickly loose torque (in a factor of the missing voltage squared).
Hi, great project.
At 8:30 you say you have fullwave rectification, your protoboard layout shows this as well, however the scope trace shows halfwave rectification.
I know for the scope trace you have just got a bridge and scope connected in the foreground.
I realise you can't connect both channels with common gnds to input and output of a rectifier circuit, so it may have been better to do it in two shots, explaining the outcome.
Yes that's due to only connecting only one probe from the oscillsocope. it was full bridge.
We need a video about FOC ( FIELD ORIENTATED CONTROL) please do it.
Very well explained, demonstrated and visualized. Great job.
Another well produced video! Be safe!
5:28 In three-phase AC motors, the coils aren't necessarily 120° displaced in space. That would be true if there was only one coil for each phase.
5:49 That is Faraday's law (electromagnetic induction). Lorentz law is related to electromagnetic forces, which is what you explained a few seconds later.
Really great project, dude! Really nice! 😃
NICE VIDEO!! . I WILL LOOK FORWARD FOR THE FINAL PROTECT
I tried to make a similar circuit, and i am currently still working on it. Here is some of the things i like to keep in mind.
There has to be a deadband time between switching the Hbridge in order to avoid shorting the bulk capacitors to ground.
Also, you might want to have the SPWM start slowly to avoid slippage in the rotor, so the frequency has to slowly ramp up to the desired value.
The turn-on/turn-off time of the optocoupler is not to be ignored, depending on how high your frequency goes, it can give some pretty frustrating results.
Single phase induction motors have a startup capacitor that might discharge very quickly your own bulk capacitors on startup. Depending on the size, you might have to use alot more than just 1 high voltage capacitor, maybe also a series resistor to limit the charging current that can be disconnected by a relay?. To give you an idea, in my case I had to use 7 high voltage caps, 1000 uF, since i was using a big induction AC motor.
For a small motor, the H Bridge you built is fine, however in a much more current heavy application, it can be a good idea to protect the IGBTs with external fast recovery diodes, >10 amps, instead of relying on the internal diodes found in the IGBTs. In that case, mounting the active components to a heatsink is also a good consideration.
As a last detail, i noticed that the traces are quite small in the PCB you ordered. Again in a small ac motor application, it shouldn't be a big problem, but for a bigger application, consider enlarging your high current traces.
For a furthur implementation, power factor correction is also important, just a thought to keep in mind.
Great video! can't wait to see how this develops!!
The thing I don't understand is he used N channel igbt's I thought n channel transistors can only turn on and off negative. Where as p channel can turn on and off positive. How is the H bridge working with all n channels
Please make a video about the mosfet drivers please,awesome video as usual.
very nice pal, your always designing functional circuits (as much as possible) 👍👌✔
Heh, I was considering making a DIY 3-phase style VFD. Normal industrial VFDs can only go up to 400Hz, but I am needing one that can do 1.2kHz (for a 72000* RPM motor).
Fortunately, I was able to find the correct application specific VFD for pretty cheap. Would still be a fun project though as I am the VFD guy at work would like to get a better understanding of how they work internally.
*Edit: I intended to say 72,000 RPM instead of 7200. Its the drive motor for a turbomolecular vacuum pump.
@10:24 the rectified output is equal to Vac (bridge rectifier's input AC voltage) × sqrt(2)
Very helpful video 👍 I like it
Thank you. Learned something new. Did not expect your IGBTs to switch with bootstrapped highside drivers. Does it with a amplitude modulation of 1? Also really interested in how your current waveform looks like
When you said you change the switching frequency in the spwm circuit that was wrong in a spwm circuit you use a constant high switching frequency and you change the pulse width of the pulses in order to get the derided signal on the output
Alternatively you could use a variable external clock source on the micro or DDS where the resolution of the sine is reduced to increase frequency.
For sure we like your videos. good projects . thank you for enlightening people.
Excellent explanation
Awesome project man👌
Hi. Did you ever do a follow up on this? I am interested in how to build a simple H bridge and drive it from an arduino.
Thanks for sharing this circuit.
I think you should add diode across igbt,due to inductive loads.
You really need to add a 'bleeder resistor' to those 400V capacitors, so they discharge when power is disconnected.
1M ohm in parallel with the capacitor, 1/4W resistors are only good for 200V though, so either use 2x 500kohm in series, or use a larger 1W resistor.
Given you've already ordered the PCBs, add the resistor to the pins of the capacitor under the board, before you cut them off.
Thank you so much for the feedback. I will add that!
this is great very nice vfd thanks ! keep it up !!!
A very informative video. Thanks for sharing
Ok I fully understand how the circuit works but just one thing I need to get straight the ground of the rectifier is connected to the ground of the igbt right
Something is wrong, IGBT 30n60a4 do not comes with diode between Colector and emitter.
30n60a4D comes with diode.
Excellent proyect.
I think there’s a mistake when you talk about the rectifier. You said it’s half wave but it’s actually full wave rectifier. You even later show the simulation of the schematic and that’s a full bridge rectifier.
Good work 👍👍👍
I appreciate the video thank you so much. Can I use 220Volt single phase ac motor with your schematic diagram?
I'm glad you are ok.
@8:32 is not the output of a full bridge rectifier. A full bridge rectifier will double the line frequency.
What you are showing, is the rectification of a single diode.
Also, for any application of less than 100mA, a capacitive dropper power supply is a lot cheaper.
Unless you must have the galvanic isolation that the small smps transformer provides.
Is the output from the rectifier but with only one probe connected...
@@ELECTRONOOBS That's not what you say while showing that.
Sir, really your project is great, but Ihave question how much watt handle that project of motor.
What are the others in this series. I found everything but what I was looking for.
Great tutorial on the topic could you please let us know what gate drivers you used for this and value of bootstrap capacitor and what eda software you used
Very good my friend🤙
Could you create a voltage divider to supply 12v for the MOSFETs from the 320v DC without the need for the second transformer?
The AC motor you used is a shaded pole motor. Sorry but I'm afraid that the theory of operation you stated in the video may not be fully correct. There are 2 shorted wire loops on the stator (laminated silicon-iron core) near the rotor of the shaded pole motor, which are necessary for the creation of the rotating magnetic field and the rotation of the motor. Also, as the shaded pole motor is an induction (or asynchronous) motor, the rotation speed of the rotor dosen't have to be synchronized with the input AC frequency. The synchronization is only needed for synchronized motors (permanent magnet motor or excited motor, for example).
Hi can you post a schematic for the frequency inverter and the exact arduino code Assosciated with it ? I would like to know how to hook up the potentiometer and start with the simpler circuit before I move on to the driver circuit
Great job!! thanx...Cold plasma circuit please😃😃😃
Excellent Video! I have one question. Right now I have a D6124 CA 651 Integrated Circuit, but I don't know the main functionality. I desoldered the IC from an old TV remote control. I've searched for some datasheet related to the IC but it is a little bit difficult to find and download the specific PDF. Can you explain to me what is this IC about? Thank you Electronoobs! Greetings from Ecuador.
I tried making this circuit and it didn't seem to work. The igbt gate driver has a high and a low output for the high and low igbts. The low side works find it turns on and off the igbt just fine but the high side just stays on.
So, what is the maximum frequency does the Stator and the rotar could handle with optimal resonance?
I would rather be extremely careful with the board you designed..there are lots of clearance issues between the AC voltage and the low voltage side. I would suggest replacing the electrolytics on the bootstrap side of the drivers with ceramics as they have very low ESR, and you don't really need a lot of capacitance. Adding some decoupling capacitors near the input of the drivers also helps.
I tried making this circuit and the issue I came across is with the gate driver ic. The LO pin on the oc turns on and off the low side igbt just fine but the HO pin stays on all the time. Even if I don't have a Arduino connection to the ic
Hola, sigo tus videos, noté que tu circuito tiene un pequeño problema (ver minuto 10:17) no puedes conectar el rectificador al terminal de tierra. Cortocircuito Dañar el puente de diodos. No se puede conectar la masa del osciloscopio al condensador negativo. Un fuerte abrazo y felicitaciones por su trabajo y por la elección de los temas que cubre en sus videos. Gracias
Hello, can I run a servo ac motor with the same program that starts the stepper motor(dir pulse arduino)?
very well explained!, I wanna build that driver but to supply a Flyback in order to deliver 8kV to 20 kV and adjustable frequency to a discharge of 8 kHz. How could I do that using your example?. Also I checked your video about how CFL works, and I was thinking in a way to control the frequency using that base circuit.
Awesome explanation! Do you have an update on this? Did the circuit work?
Please do add screen like industrial products and overload protection
Excellent Respectable Sir
Nice video, keep it up, thanks :)
very educational,thanks a lot.
Loooollll, I built one for my final year engineering project. Don't play with high voltage on a bread board...not even veroboard!
how to connect the potentiometer? i can't realize it.can u provide to me the vfd circuit diagram?cause I am doing this project to see your video..help me
if the transformer input is square wave the output will be square wave too? and does transformer lags the output voltage or same as input?
In this project can you implement one of the basic control like u/f constant ?
8:28 is that a full bridge rectifier or a half wave rectifier? Only positive cycles?
So I'm basically building the same circuit . and am having problems with what I think is called the miller effect. The high side IGBT not switching correctly. does your circuit compensate for that. Thanks.
Don't know yet. It needs more tests. Maybe you can share your work on electronoobs.io so we can all see it
Add feedback circuit for closed Loop operation
What is the part number of the transformer used in the first design with only 2 transistors ? Or what type should I use in the USA ?
Next video please on how to implement FoC on BLDC. You could or readymade chips by TI and Trinamic to make cheap custom driver similar to Odrive.
Would this work with a Brushless Dc motor? Or some adjustments would need to be made?
Also, How to make this with 3 phase output?
I've developed circuit of inverter circuit with gate triggering circuit using op-amp. I've compared square and triangular waves and implied SPWM technique with that. I want to know that how can I generate that sine and triangular waves which are to be given as the input of op-amp without using function generator or Arduino......
can you make a VFC with a harmonic in it? So say with a VFT of 60HZ plus a harmonic of say 600HZ?
nice video 👍 can u do also a 3 phase VFD?
Can I work that at 10khz and add a transmitting coil and receiving coil for wireless power transmission
kindly publish what happened to the later circuit which u sent for printing to jlcpcb?
I love to experiment, can you help to me to get the complete component and the tools needed to assemble the project. Thank.
10:19
320VAC to 320VDC??
how is it possible?
320/ √2 = will be the AC voltage
320VDC is the RMS value of 226VAC brother.
Hello, I need a VFD circuit. How can I get it from you (or how can I buy it from your sponsor)?
I never use optocoupler before in my circuit but I try turning on on I have removed for a old micro wave clock circuit but I was in for a surprise I connected the output signal of my micro controller and to ground it just short circuit on me I don’t think all optocoupler or the same because if a signal of 9 volt con turn it on I don’t know about this one can you recommend one that is use in signal
how are you driving the IGBTs since the arduino is only putting out 5 volts?
Hello! What´s the voltage that gets to the motor? My country is 120v so is my shaded pole motor. Is it possible to use your circuit without damaging the 120v motor?
hello I would like to see the diagrams and what IC driver were using thanks from Colombia
What is the Glove your are wearing? How much does it cost? Is it a rubber glove?
A simple integrated circuit should be used, not an arduino. ICs require no programming and can run on typical dc voltage. The IRS2453 would suffice for an h bridge driver even with high power and current mosfets.
You adjust the frequency by using a resistor and capacitor in series to give the input pin the right voltage and it automatically will oscillate at the desired frequency.
Can you make sine wave inverter by using of CD8038 ic square wave and sine wave signal function generator instead of arduino?
Pls next project about smps power supply
I see that the gate resistors are 1k, which is way too high. 10 ohms or 4.7 ohms is a more reasonable starting value. The optoisolators are configured to turn on the transistors with no input signal, not a good way to do it.
Also keep in mind that it's surprisingly difficult to design a robust power stage which is why for my home solar inverter, I'm planning to reuse the power stage of a Prius inverter instead of building one from scratch.
Hey
Great video.
I just want to make the same project
And I tried your code but it's showing some error it's not working I don't know why.
Can you please help me out....
You are not using a differential probes?
Good work :)
If, I boost up 300VDc from cap to @400VDc, then I feed it to Fullbridge igbt as your circuit, can I get 380VAc? Actually, I'm searching for converting 220VAc to 380VAc, since I repaired some 3phase 380VAc welding machines.
Thx You, anw
It would be helpful if you explain us the code in detail.
Great video . Your big follower
Hi
Wanted to purchase your board for w HP single phase motor 220 v.
Plz suggests links.
Have you received the PCB for final testing?
I can't see anything preventing both transistors on one side being turned on at once. In fact it looks like they will be until the arduino gets going. That might b why it blew up.
Are those H bridge igbt's are all N channel?
I try using optocoupler pc 817 and add pwm signal the signal is really small 2.5 and o use 12 to the optocoupler emitter pin and I get 12 volt yes but no plus signal
Any new updates on this project ? Eagerly waiting...
How can you regulate the frequency with arduino, in the first part?
man actually I get evry video very soon afer I wish to learn
Can I have a copy of Schematic Diagram?
how the driver play their role??
almost two years and no update about this project
The video is from 7 months ago. I have a second version but is not working well yet...
@@ELECTRONOOBS when is it expected to come? I am eagerly waiting for that video.