Rotating Black Hole with Quantum Effects Simulated for the First Time
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- Опубликовано: 26 мар 2024
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In a pioneering feat, physicists have created the first-ever simulation of a rotating black hole's phenomena using quantum vortices in superfluid helium. Their idea: figuring out how black holes interact with quantum particles.
This incredible experiment, conducted at the University of Nottingham, generated an ultra-cold helium vortex over 1 millimeter across - by far the largest quantum vortex ever produced. By studying sound waves propagating through this swirling superfluid maelstrom, the researchers were able to model quantum effects predicted to occur in the extreme environment surrounding a real rotating black hole's event horizon.
Paper: www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
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I don't think anyone but Matt O'dowd is allowed to end their presentation with the words "Space Time". 😂
He should copyright it lmao
their*
Came here for this lol
Someone on physics forums was asking what would happen if you spin super fluids and someone replied "how do you plan on doing that? Rotating the container? That won't work the fluid has no viscosity." Well apparently if you spin it fast enough it does work
Makes me think of the recent rotating magnetic field phenomenon
Yes, superfluids have no viscosity, but they still can dissipate energy through intermolecular interactions.
I don’t understand why “start it rotating before you cool it down enough for it to become a superfluid” isn’t the answer. Can someone explain?
@@drdca8263(unrelated, but your comment got duplicated, this happens every time you accidentally tap "reply" twice on the mobile app.)
its difficult to cool stuff there is no easy answer@@drdca8263
That´s great again. Superfluids are fascinating, the most astonishing macroscopic quantum state to observe. I´m always surprised by the relevance of your contnent and how difficult stuff like this is presented understandable for laypersons.💚 That pen is a nice article, too.
Me : * makes a bath whirlpool * Scientist: "Oh nO a BLaCKhOLe !
@@brokeandtired😁😅
I’m a layperson and I don’t know what the f__k is going on (as usual) 🤷 But the tornado looked cool 👍🏼😁
@@PaulkjossMe too, but you should have a look, superfluid helium is really cool, it flows upwards out of a container and does a lot of other weird things.
You ended your report with the word "spacetime." It's been done.
I am so glad Sabine cover this study (as always)! Came across this interesting study a few days ago and struggling to read through the paper. Thank you very much. Love this channel!
What a masterful presentation of simulation in the quantum realm and the subtlety of discerning how far the analogy holds. The problem with last year's worm hole clown show was that they were ignorant of inter-universal Teichmüller theory.
I see what you did there lol😂
They might learn some very interesting things about quantum vortices that turn out to be divorced from black hole reality. But if the black hole equations match reality, that's a bonus.
Totally agree.pretty exciting 🎉
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Jesus loves you. Nothing can compare to how he loves you. When he hung on that cross, he thought of you. As they tore open his back, he thought of your prayer time with him. As the thorns dug into his head, he thought of you spending time in the word of God. As the spears went into his side, he imagined embracing you in heaven. He is waiting for you with open arms.
@@animalbird9436 Jesus loves you ❤️
It is true that the equations are the same, but let us not forget that the equations tell us about what an external observer can know about the black hole. Let no one think that this experiment implies that in the black hole singularity there is an experiment table in some laboratory with a group of crazy physicists doing strange things. The experiment is still an analogy
This was a really good commercial tie in. No garbage about suppliments or hydration powders, just a cool and fancy pen.
I found her lack of sarcasm a bit disconcerting. 😄
Hydration powder? I suppose salt makes you retain more water.
A $400 pen... for the love of all things...
Quantum quantum quantum now with extra quantum
Interesting stuff. Thanks Sabine! 🙂
Always interesting to watch your well explained videos.
I will be here for the next ones
I had to stop and start over two minutes in. I've never heard of analog gravity! Wow! And the idea of quantum "sound" because we're looking at perturbations in a superfluid is wild. And Wilder that those can actually work as analogs for the bending of spacetime.
I must be missing something because that's wild
Learned of this yesterday and was fascinated. Thank you Sabine for making this much more user friendly on the brain!
On the majority of occasions, the profs explanations are clear enough to understand the basic principles, the maths, that’s another question altogether. On this one, I need a strong cup of tea and a good lie down🤔😃
I've always wondered what happens to sound in a black hole as they are incredibly dense and sound travels under water (density) better
She looked so happy and excited in the picture, I just had to watch the video 😅
Thank you so much for your great information the information is fantastic and it's not that long of a presentation great job
This is so amazing! I've been working on a reading project (as a part of a course on General Relativity) in analog gravity and use of Bose Einstein condensates to probe cosmological problems like baryogenesis and the CMB spectrum. This field really needs more attention and is quite intriguing to ponder upon! Congrats to the researchers for this progress❤
There should be a double vortex extending from the poles. These should be representative of a reverse flow of energy from the central barionic vacuum "black hole " . The small end is where the flow is driven. The big end surrounding the barionic vacuum most photons "energy" waves or whatever quantum state is ejected... this highly quantized state displaces space causing expansion. Some of this energy can form atoms. An alfa particle is essentially wha
Maybe spacetime behaves like a fluid - now that's an interesting thought. Or better, fluids behave like spacetime.
What about everything does untill the web of the object lost it's gravity and radiation over the distance?
@@Syphirioth
The "web of the object" makes it as interesting and as plausible as any. 👍🏼
Wow. Intriguing . Thanks for this.
The bottom of the vortex can try to spin to reach the speed of light but it can't quite get there, ever. Doesn't mean it has to stop trying. It just gets harder and harder. I couldn't even guess how a spherical vortex would work though.
6:03 Imagine if we find evidence that space really has a structure like a fluid, we would finally have discover aether!
Do you... expect? to find the aether? It was disproved like a century ago.
@@kindlin yes that was luminiferous aether which was supposed to fill the space. But if the the space itself is a fluid it could be defined as a new type of aether...
@@magilviamax8346 If "the space itself" was a fluid, wouldn't that just make that fluid be the thing we define as space? You could of course define that space is now known as aether, and use that it is a physical thing to make that argument, but you're just making up new definitions at that point.
Good question! However, in this analogy "we" would be made of only the particles in the model Universe, which are actually the fermion quasi particles of He3, and those have no way of "discovering" this "ether". The model analogy is actually very beautiful. If interested be sure to read Volovik's "Universe in a Helium droplet". The author, who was thean behind the theory, would've been thrilled to learn of these new experiments. Unfortunately, he died recently.
Sorry, my mistake: Volovik is alive and well. Unlike my failing memory)
I knew this video would be out today.
☀️
Another quantum leap to some.
This sounds like good news and progress, along normal scientific lines, procedures. Quite a relief to see that apparently this way of working still exists when the word quantum is around the corner!
Member of their group visited our institute to give a talk last week! Great talk and research. Thank you for covering it please do more with superfluids and helium research.
I love the video. Also I love these researches. They gonna bring us closer in my opinion.
I love your videos. Thank you for making them :)
Somehow I had Quantum Tornado on my 2024 disaster bingo 😅
Phase wave fluid dynamic and ya knows it
I like my superfluid stirred, not shaken.
Not only are these News Updates by Sabine entertaining for the science but now they are entertaining for the gadget sales pitches.
There's the definition. Bose Einstein condensate. I think the analogy is the metronome experiment. That fits the primary experience I had back in 1981.
It is assumed that more and more space-dispersing energy is pushed inside the space-expanding quarks, so that all the expanding quarks that circulate the space-dispersed energy are exactly the same.
Their density and volume in relation to each other can be changed when their speed is accelerated in particle accelerators.
When moving in groups, they experience the change in a different way, according to which of them pushes forward and which of them pushes in the background of the first one or the first ones.
That is, they encounter expanding energy pushing against them, which affects them differently according to the order in which they encounter the energy pushing against them.
And it affects how they recycle this energy that is scattered in space.
Naturally, energy also plays a big role, which accelerates their pace.
That too changes the density and volume of quarks expanding in space. The speed of internal movement / time. Internal pressure.
Well, when the expanding nuclei are collided, it’s no wonder that in the collisions, energy is dispersed/expanded into space in such a way that physicists interpret from this information that there are different quarks in the nuclei.
And yes, the density and volume of quarks expanding during collisions are different.
Even so much different that one of the quarks is so dense and small compared to the others that no information is obtained from it in collisions.
I understand that some parties assume that protons and neutrons are made up of zillions of separate quarks. Well, here’s another time.
Nowadays it is taught that protons and neutrons consist of three quarks that are different from each other.
The three quarks form a kite, as it were. In my opinion, four would form a much more logical and stable entity. The pyramid. Tetrahedron.
Ok, when the expanding quarks are at rest relative to us, they would already be much more congested regions of expanding energy with the same density and volume
Of course, their density and volume live somewhat all the time.
While the situation lives on all the time, they come to control each other’s density and volume while circulating with all other expanding quarks this space-dispersing energy of which they themselves are composed. So that it completely changes over time.
When someone momentarily expands a little faster than others, its ability to absorb the space-dispersing energy pushing through itself into itself is worse due to the fact that its density is lower than that of expanding quarks with a smaller volume at that moment.
Of course, more energy dispersing into space pushes through it, because it is bigger at that moment. The situation will recover as the recycling of energy dispersed into space continues.
The ability to recycle energy that dissipates into space is faster because its internal movement / time is faster at that moment.
It seems strange that no one before me has been able to consider that perhaps the so-called the atom is completely different from what physicists have assumed.
Perhaps the volume of matter is also relative.
Perhaps it is the case that time is not only relative.
Maybe here we have the key to the theory of everything in physics🙂
Love
❤️
Thank you for the video.
I would be looking at how gravity behaves around a fast spinning black hole as opposed to a slow spinning one. It could teach us a thing or two about gravity.
Ive said this a few times in the comments but Spacetime is a very diffuse fluid and structures we see in the universe are interactions between those particles. Resolutions is the missing key to finding the articles. Complexity of systems and complexity itself is the key.
Yes! I've been postulating this for some time! How a theory of an incomprehensible number of tiny black holes popping into and fizzling out of existence at the beginnings of the universe sort of mirrors the effect of carbonation when popping open a soda or beer. How the density of mass in a specific portion of spacetime might effectively increase its "viscosity" relative to the surrounding area, which potentially correlates with time dilation. Spacetime might be a fractal mirror of liquid, or rather liquid might be a fractal mirror of spacetime, and black holes are either boiling points (depressurizations), freezing points (over-pressurizations) or whirlpools of the fabric of the universe itself.
Hi, great experiment, amazing lesson.....
Volovik: The Universe in a Helium Droplet. I haven't read many books on the topic, but this was I've read in many body physics.
I’d be interested in a hover stylus for mobile and iPads!
That's SO cool!
one major difference other than the super-fluid's structure is the lack of scalar gradients in the speed of perturbations, this is somewhat arbitrary when there is no emergent mass being modeled, but there are some minor differences that matter for the kind of mechanism that could make the gradients including the flow manifest in a real system, if the fluid analogy is more than a pure analogy.
If you are standing in the eye of a quantum vortex, is it nice and calm like the eye of a hurricane?
What mechanism is used to create the quantum vortex? That sounds fascinating! A moving magnetic field?
Interesting stuff. 👍👍👍
the gradients however can be made 0 by using curved coordinates, it is a tricky business to give a roughly correct description in a short comment, but in essence, if you assume that space is curved and no such gradients exist, then there is no room for a plausible mechanisms that sets up the flow of space and the gradients in the speed of light, that can act on models of emergent matter and associated radiation to produce the full gravitational field with respect to matter and radiation. it is not possible to create a self sustaining replica in a lab with these mechanisms, so these kinds of models will always be somewhat different from the real thing. even so i found this experiment quite cool.
While I get the thought process involved that making upside down quantum tornados in a super-fluid can teach us about BH's or rather event horizons. I get the idea that they were more impressed with getting the fluid to do what they wanted rather than what it should be an analog for. Also, while it is early days for this research there are some missing ingredients and conditions that I hope they can rectify to get a cleaner and clearer picture of the BH phenomena. For instance these experiments are happening within the Earth's gravity well.
Sabine's ability to breakdown complex topics into an easy to understand video never ceases to impress
The gravitational vortex in a jar sounds like a baby version no embryonic version of what was detected at skin walker ranch
One of the coolest and nerdiest videos I've seen in a long time. And yes, I want a meteorite pen.
yes, both is really cool
This reminds me of a random thought that occurred to me some time ago as I observed a water vortex:
If nature abhors a vacuum and mass curves spacetime, attracting other mass, what if mass isn't a thing but the _absence_ of a thing?
I have no idea what the answer to that question might be, though I suspect it's "No. That's stupid." Made me think, though.
Ok, that pen is really amazing. First time for very long time when in-video advertisement got me interested :)
Suggestion for Novium: Call it the “Quantum Hover Pen”.
Great job, Sabina thank you. Peace ✌️ 😎.
Cool. Superfluid medium because it is frictionless like space-time is a frictionless medium.
@Sabine you can’t just end a video on physics using the words “space-time”, PBS holds the patent for this.
I mean if ur lowest common denominator is the metric that has sound as friction heat to the chaotic thermal dynamic axioms u might find some interesting shapes cuz sound is round but its not what magnetosphere of bh entropy would be generating not entirely with this effort but neat study Sabine
Whew... I was worried about a vacuum decay discovery.
Fortunately we are that advanced...
...unfortunately we rarely recognize whether we know what we are doing not. LOL
I always love anything about liquid helium. Progress is beautiful thing in material science.❤
A hover pen I don't need, but a hover wacom stylus is something we could discuss.
Did they find a ring singularity and timelike loops in the ergosphere ??
Over £100 for a pen?! You've gotta be f'ing kidding me...
Waiting for Quantum Sharknado any time now.
That was a good one
I ride my bike up through Nottingham University to get to and from Beeston, I noticed the hill up from the Physics department seems quite a bit steeper recently.
What people seem to miss is that the black hole isn't LIKE a quantum supercooled liquid, it IS a quantum supercooled liquid/object. THAT's the most important realization and that's why the equation are the same - it IS the same thing.
An object that is hot enough to do black body radiation is not supercooled.
I have been dreaming about this experiment for years now!
Such a great experiment removing gravity as a variable in blackhole dynamics. I do fear that in order forbys to get a clearer picture, we would need to remove our Earth's relative EM field influence though, as it might be adding hidden variables? For example, why Superfluid He⁴ climbs container walls ect.
Appreciate you putting this on my radar again. 🙏
Keep up the great work reporting. ❤
when you mentioned the super fluid was used to absorb sound i couldn't help but think of the show get smart and the cone of silence. then when you mentioned hawkings theory and how sagatorius a star go's so fast it made me wonder is it black holes going so fast the reason we cannot see their light as the faster they go the harder it is to see light.
They don't emit light due to their gravity bending space so strongly that the geodesics followed by photons curve back into the interior
"Part of your pen flew through outer space!"
_Everything_ on Earth once flew through outer space.
Earth and everything in it is currently flying through space
This sounds like a baby version no embryonic version of what was seen on skin Walker ranch
Acoustic analog is a great technique.
Timespace seems similar to ooblek, non Newtonian fluids
I like the idea that space-time can be quantized and investigated as fluid.
😅 I'm probably wrong but I imagine by correlation that what we know as space-time is a state lower than that of detectable energy, such as what makes up the quark, quantum foam?, stellon?
In this assumption, thinking that the denser a stellar body is, the simpler its largest component is (hydrogen, neutron, quark,...), I imagine that the mass that is lost in the merger of black holes decomposes into stellons that they travel like variations in the densities of these particles in gravitational waves, agglomerating in the emptiest areas of matter where dark energy predominates.
It would be cool if this were the case because it could explain that a higher density of stellons where matter resides would be associated with gravity and a lower density of them would be associated with dark energy, which would provide a field of study to study how to regulate density of these particles to increase gravity in lunar and Mars colonies, and deactivate gravity around ships that reduce the fuel needed to go into space.
Also, if the technology could be developed to regulate gravity, would it go hand in hand with the regulation of time, time travel?
Fascinating stuff indeed! Thanks, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Finishing the main part with "space-time," haha :) I know a youtuber who does this in every video 😉 now I wonder if he will cover this topic in great detail 🙏
Just randomly? Sometimes I listen to Matt o´Dowd, too, nice guy. But QM is not his first talent, I assume.
@@Thomas-gk42 But he has a lot of stuff on black holes, so maybe
Right, ha, hadn't noticed!
@@SabineHossenfelderWe can conclude from this experiment that in the black hole singularity there is a laboratory with a group of crazy physicists doing strange things, I knew it..
I'm surprised they did not use a magnetic field to rotate the Condensate (N.I.S.T. had proven its effectiveness, not to mention the interesting side effects :-) and black holes must rotate or they die.
Warp space highways 🌌 artificial gravity is a bit closer
Just prepare a stew with beans and onions and cabbage and YOU can create vortex-es and turbulence and so much more.
Cooking quantum vortex soup with Sabine, FTW!
Are we sure black holes aren't super cooled helium that's super dense and a super fluid itself? Or a super solid like super fluid helium hypothetically turns into when squished.
University of Nottingham... I see more videos coming! Go for it Brady
Sabine you are the best. Very informative but very funny at same time. Great job.
I’ll send the link to my better part… just in case she feels like I deserve something special for my soon to be birthday. 😂
Loved the video. Thanks.
So if you throw a couple of photons inside it does the data ever escape Sabine or does it get lost forever in the black hole.
Does the quantum data get dispersed around the surface area of the black hole eventually ?
I like pens too but I prefer a good fountain pen a high end one like the Waldmann of Montblanc ones , you know the German ones.
They are expensive but last you a life time!
Damn that's interesting as hell, makes me curious about a few things though, wouldn't the superfluids have some pull from the earth's mass? or is that the point to kinda replicate the mass of a black hole vs something so much smaller? and if you do physics on a quantum level does thatchange any properties? or does it uno reverse and make it regular physics again?
If space time is a fluid, than it would have a certain buoyancy to support matter or mass. I wonder if the analog to the earths mantle and isostatic rebound, or compression, when the weight of an ice sheet depresses the crust underneath and raises it around the edge could be applied to a galaxy but in a small or quantum way, depressing space time would appear to have more mass, instead of dark matter.
Not gonna lie, that is a pretty cool pen.
I hoped you will comment on this. And it turned out to be actually interested. Thanks, Sabine!
Quantum Sabine? Works for me😁
It was amazing to ear "what if space time behaves like a fluid". That's something I thought 20 years ago during a engineering lesson about the behavior of fluids in a convergent-divergent nozzle. I spent that night finding analogies between the space-time and the pressure-velocity of the fluids. I found so many similarities between the special and general relativity and the the behave of the fluids in motion that, since then, my brain simply started to consider the gravitational pull, the inertia and the centrifugal force as effects of the gradients of time, as the acceleration is the effect of gradients of pressure in the fluids. I have never investigated deeper this thoughts (I have always been a lazy guy), but I am happy to know that "maybe" there was something correct in that bizarre thought.
If spacetime were superfluid relative to what it "contains," then wouldn't that be consistent with the idea that what (if anything) "contains" spacetime is itself hyperfluid (negative viscosity) relative to its contents?
I'm not sure whether using this conception would explain inflation or just break the model of supposed energy distribitions among "dark" components.
Sorry, I'm afraid I can't help, I actually though hyperfluid is a gender id 😅
😅
lmao@@SabineHossenfelder
@@SabineHossenfelderprobably is, who can keep track these days
Who doesn't love a quantum tomato?
For the last 10 years I've been commenting around RUclips that Schwartzschild black holes do not exist and that they are all, instead, Kerr black holes. Because they all must spin. So there is no singularities in nature, only ring singularities.
And not even those, but only toroidal singularities. Because when stuff is thrown at a 0-heigth ring from a 3D space, stuff never hits it but always goes past, coming back around for new passes, orbiting the ring. So a toroid shell of increasing density forms.
Only way to actually "hit" the singularity would be to start with matter that has no relative motion to it - a 0-height disc only rotating along it's circumference could and, inevitably, will hit a ring singularity.
So a point can only be hit by something with no relative motion, as the path it takes to the singularity must be a straight line.
But hitting it is still a problem, because whatever does the hitting should be a thing that cannot be split any more, because if you can split it, that means it had more empty space on it, which means the empty space always hits the singularity first, and whatever is left gets thrown into orbit of the singularity and again, never hitting it.
But what about the toroidal singularity - since it has a shell, it can actually take hits in actual 3D space. So it could be the only real physical kind of singularity that exists. Real as in "taken a hit ever".
I like the sound of that
6:14 aether just came back!
Never left lol
Way cool!
Newspapers:
"Scientists just created a BLACK HOLE in their laboratory. Is this going to destroy our planet?"
🤦♂
They got that in an iPad video game. Cool - vortex
you know, I didn't expect that kind of thumbnail from you
haha
What do the findings from this superfluid helium experiment suggest about the future of quantum physics and astrophysics?
I am all aboard the 'this is more than analogy' train. The Gullstrand-Painlevé metric is the most underrated result in XX century physics.
So are there “Quantum Reynold’s Numbers" for scaling?
Technically, all parts of the pen flew through outer space, at some point.