The Geologic Oddity in Australia; The Glass House Mountains

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  • Опубликовано: 8 сен 2024

Комментарии • 130

  • @magnuscolable
    @magnuscolable Год назад +49

    I spent my childhood on a pineapple farm in Beerwah under the shadow of Mount Tibrogargan. The soil in the area is red and rich in volcanic iron.
    Really wonderful place

    • @princessofthecape2078
      @princessofthecape2078 Год назад

      "Really wonderful place"... *for Australia.* Which is to say "equivalent to north Texas" by any other measure.

    • @TheSarcasticEngineer
      @TheSarcasticEngineer 10 месяцев назад +2

      ​​​@@princessofthecape2078
      Was that a dig or a compliment? I haven't visited Texas, but Australia's pretty nice. Most of it.

    • @muffinandme1
      @muffinandme1 19 дней назад

      My great uncle, Sidney McIntyre, developed a farm near Beerwah after WW1. I love the Glasshous Mountai a, most especially Mt Tibrogargan. It just about my favourite part of my favourite place on Earth.

  • @BlackIndigenousPosse
    @BlackIndigenousPosse Год назад +11

    Probably a good call not to attempt to pronounce some of the more difficult names like Ngungun or Mikitibumulgrai.
    Mount Tibrogargan sits right next to a railway and I used to look at it out the window of the train heading up the coast every week. Beautiful landscape.

  • @outlawbillionairez9780
    @outlawbillionairez9780 Год назад +28

    You inadvertently answered a question I've had about Australia zipping around the planet and hot spots. I was missing that piece of the puzzle! Thank you!

    • @GeologyHub
      @GeologyHub  Год назад +10

      I am assuming this involves one of the multiple hotspot chains (all 4 hotspots now in my opinion appear to be inactive)? :D

    • @TyphoonVstrom
      @TyphoonVstrom Год назад +4

      @@GeologyHub Are you referring to the offshore hotspot chanis such as the Lord Howe rise? They are a fascinating part of the whole Coral sea region volcanism/ tectonics and tell a great story. Research in the 70's and 80's found evidence of hundred metre high tsunamis on certain parts of the east coast of New South Wales, speculated to be from volcanic island flank collapses.

    • @danb8877
      @danb8877 Год назад +2

      @@TyphoonVstrom very interesting. I hadn't read this. will get googling.

    • @StephenJohnson-jb7xe
      @StephenJohnson-jb7xe Год назад +4

      I watched a video by Oz Geographics on this just a few days ago. He claimed that Australia traveled over the hot spot and a chain of volcanoes were produced throughout what is now Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria.

  • @DarkSygil666
    @DarkSygil666 Год назад +20

    It seems then that ground level in Australia used to be much higher. I would have never thought so much erosion could take place like that.

    • @NativeNiches
      @NativeNiches Год назад +13

      I live in this area. To see the size of these mountains and know they were formed by erosion is mind blowing. The mentioned Mount Coolum is huge and very imposing.

    • @pauldietz1325
      @pauldietz1325 Год назад +12

      As material erodes and is transported away, the remaining rock rises to (partially) compensate. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isostasy

    • @fallinginthed33p
      @fallinginthed33p Год назад +3

      ​@@pauldietz1325 like in the Himalayas where rivers remove huge amounts if sediment and less dense rocks get squeezed upwards and outwards

  • @jayjaynella4539
    @jayjaynella4539 Год назад +25

    As a biologist who spent his life working in chemistry, It still amazes me that trees can grow on bare rocks like this. One feature I would like to see covered here. On a trip to Arlie Beach in the middle 90s we visited an above ground dry cave near Rockhampton. On the top of this cave was a 1 meter high tree that had roots that went through the cavern and then another 30 meters down into the ground. The 50mm root came down the exact centre of the cave. The cave was used as a recording studio at times, and the cave had a 10 watt sound system that filled the cave with music so that in the total darkness you can not tell which direction the music comes from. Rather the sound surrounded you. I don't know the name of the cave now, but that was an awesome experience. My first and only time in a dry above ground cave.

    • @dacrez8200
      @dacrez8200 Год назад +2

      Mt. Archer is most likely the place you visited.

    • @jayjaynella4539
      @jayjaynella4539 Год назад +1

      @@dacrez8200 Thank you. If I ever get back that way again I want to see how that tree has grown, or its roots descend into the ground.

    • @BradGryphonn
      @BradGryphonn Год назад +2

      Hi, @jayjaynella4539, I lived out at The caves for some time. The place you're thinking of is Olsen's Capricorn Caverns. The large cave you wrote about is the Cathedral Cave, famous for hosting weddings, church services, and orchestras.
      I spent a lot of time exploring caves at the Mt Etna National Park (off the tourist path). It's a fascinating area with a very interesting history. There were two separate tourist ventures out there but one family donated their caves and land to National Parks many years ago.

    • @jayjaynella4539
      @jayjaynella4539 Год назад

      @@BradGryphonn Now that seems right. I heard the tour guide mention something about cathedral. So I will assume it is this rather than Mt. Archer. Although on Google earth the description says underground caves. But GE shows 2 Mount Archers in Queensland, one near Rockhampton and the other near Sunshine Coast.

    • @supabass4003
      @supabass4003 Год назад +1

      You can grow vegetables on your driveway and on your street if you really wanted.

  • @brettlejeune7009
    @brettlejeune7009 Год назад +68

    I know before you said that every state in America has had volcanoes at some point in their history, I was wondering if you could give us a series featuring each state.

    • @1TakoyakiStore
      @1TakoyakiStore Год назад +5

      Well... besides Florida although there have been rumors... 👀

    • @whiteknightcat
      @whiteknightcat Год назад +3

      @@1TakoyakiStore Are you thinking of the Wakulla mystery?

    • @respectbossmon
      @respectbossmon Год назад +4

      I've been trying to figure out what surface features in Rhode Island could be volcanic. There are many erratics, and the sand dunes in West Greenwich, all which are remnants of the retreating glaciers from the end of the last ice age.
      There is the landfill mountain in Johnston. Some have predicted it will erupt one day. But, I seriously doubt vulcanism will have anything to do with it.

    • @muziknurd
      @muziknurd Год назад +4

      ​@@respectbossmon I have never known any history of volcanic activity in Rhode Island, but I know its the only New England state to be formed entirely on top the bedrock of the former microcontinent Avalonia, which was a volcanic arc that rifted off Gondwana & became an independent drifting landmass.

    • @GeologyHub
      @GeologyHub  Год назад +50

      I have actually been planning this. Do not worry :).

  • @LostCylon
    @LostCylon Год назад +9

    OzGeographics (another RUclips channel, primarily Australian OFC) recently did a show on this topic. While I prefer more the more wide ranging topics covered on this channel, home grown stuff (I'm Australian) also interests me, so I'm giving them a shout out :p

  • @myhandsspeak1925
    @myhandsspeak1925 Год назад +15

    I am taking a geology class and I already know some of the terminology they are teaching me because of your videos. And I now am beginning to understand more of the stuff you are talking about haha

    • @hogey74
      @hogey74 Год назад +1

      Oh man I wish YT had been around in the 90s. Some of the stuff would be confusing and wrong but you can get a breadth of understanding we simply couldn't.

    • @herbgrinder8335
      @herbgrinder8335 Год назад

      I took geology in college it was fun i really thought it taught me alot.
      I was wrong. 8yrs later I discovered something that changed everything.
      Geology is a lie. Oh thats an ingenious rock that came from the earths mantle....? Bitch please you aint never been to no mantle.
      Oh it came up through a volcano...?
      What? The only thing you're going to get is obsidian, pumice an sedimentary rock. Whole unbroken rocks are biological born from seed. I know its not what we're taught but ive been studying it for the past 4yr. There is a reoccurring lattice type pattern that runs throughout whole
      Rocks that science doesn't acknowledge. Rocks are like root berries the start out soft bodied and round. But being under the dirt most time they get squished before they petrify. But since they come from trees they do petrify. Where there are lots of trees. There are lots of rocks.
      Places like the desert there are no rocks because there are no trees.
      This also explains geodes and thunder eggs. Water didn't get inside the those rocks to form crystals. The water was already there. Bigger rocks came from bigger trees.
      Another peice they wont tell you.
      Go Google tree cells under microscope and look at the hexagonal characteristics. And then go look at devils tower in Wyoming. Or giants causeway in Ireland.
      You'll find the same hexagonal characteristics. And you can find the same hexagonal characteristics in many many places around the world.
      They were ancient trees. The trees of life. Now this is truth for you to do with what you please. But UNFORTUNATELY YOU WON'T LIKLEY PASS YOUR CLASS IF YOU THIS INFO.
      because school is for indoctrination not education.
      They don't want a nation of thinkers.
      They want a nation of obedient workers who don't ask too many questions. They want you to read the books and mark the answer that they tell you are correct.
      Anyhow I know it sounds a little crazy but. It also makes perfect sense. Its just not what they want people to know. Because giant trees give credit
      to God, giants and perhaps jack and the beanstalk😂 their trying to teach everyone that God doesn't exist a
      Like I said. Just research devils tower and other locations with the straight hexagonal basalt structures.
      Believe whatever you want to believe. But if you do the research I believe you will understand and find that the same as I did. That these are not old volcanos. But very big very old trees. ✌

  • @Youcanttouchmyhandle
    @Youcanttouchmyhandle Год назад +5

    Good Morning from Australia 5:26am EADT
    Sunday March 2023
    Thank you so much for your videos 💐🍀💛

  • @Spectrecontrol
    @Spectrecontrol Год назад +5

    These mountains are national parks and are a great place for a weekend hike or rock climbing just a short drive north from Brisbane

  • @JohnDoe-vr9gm
    @JohnDoe-vr9gm Год назад +5

    That's awesome, thanks for covering this area. It's a beautiful part of the world

  • @australianpolyrhachis
    @australianpolyrhachis Год назад +5

    Ive been waiting for you to make a video about the Glass House Mountains! I live around them and have gone abseiling down one before, When your up there the view is amazing and the mountains have old lava flows you can walk on, Really amazing to see. Also congrats for saying the place names right! haha

  • @Absaroka
    @Absaroka Год назад +8

    These are beautiful!

  • @salt-emoji
    @salt-emoji Год назад +2

    What a wholesome and refreshing comment section.
    Nerds are the greatest.

  • @Foxtrap731
    @Foxtrap731 Год назад +4

    That’s pretty cool. They are actually shaped very similarly to the computer generated images of diapirs and magma chambers.

  • @palominojoy1899
    @palominojoy1899 Год назад +3

    Thank you for doing the glasshouse mountains💗🇦🇺

  • @Tronblue007
    @Tronblue007 Год назад +4

    Thank you. My wife was asking about these on our cruise out of Brisbane (feb19/22) As we pasted the Sunshine Coast she asked why they look different. 👍🏼

  • @geoffreypiltz271
    @geoffreypiltz271 Год назад +10

    Can you cover the Warrumbungle Mountains, similarly eroded shield volcano, in New South Wales, Australia?

    • @dyemanoz
      @dyemanoz Год назад +2

      Seconded! The Warrumbungles are a more recent product of the mantle hotspot that created the Glasshouse Mountains. They are especially spectacular because they rise out of an otherwise quite ancient plain. There's also Mount Warning, south of the Glasshouse Mountains that is another hotspot product between the Glasshouse Mtns nd Warrumbungles . And immediately north of the Glasshouse Mountains is the Blackall Range, resulting from a capping of basalt (some great columnar formations!) that protected it from the erosion that eventually exposed the Glasshouse Mountains.

  • @stephenbedford1395
    @stephenbedford1395 Год назад +1

    Thanks for a great video about the Glass House Mountains... they are about an hours drive north of where I live. I love the profuse spring wildflowers in the bush around the mountains from August to October.

  • @jimmcintosh9045
    @jimmcintosh9045 Год назад +2

    The volcanic plug Aisa Craig in the Firth of Clyde might look like these but weathering , sea erosion and glaciation has rounded it .

  • @lovehawks2814
    @lovehawks2814 Год назад +5

    Kind of makes me think of the Monteregian Hills in southern Qubec. Very similar origin.

  • @nonmihiseddeo4181
    @nonmihiseddeo4181 Год назад +9

    Mt St Helens is building a lava dome in its caldera. Complicating the dome is a glacier, which is adding to the dangers, should there be renewed eruptive activity at MSH.

    • @outlawbillionairez9780
      @outlawbillionairez9780 Год назад +3

      Oregon here.. What's incredible to me is Washington State's (government) blind eye to the danger Mt Rainier poses. There was a PBS documentary about the eminent threat of mudslide or lahars that have traveled to Puget Sound, and in the decades since, they've allowed hundreds of homes to be built on the top of the flows!

  • @raphlvlogs271
    @raphlvlogs271 Год назад +7

    these mountains are perfect nesting spots for cliff nesting birds

  • @grokeffer6226
    @grokeffer6226 Год назад +3

    Fascinating!! 🌋

  • @Obsfucation
    @Obsfucation Год назад +2

    I’d be very interested in a segment explaining the current thinking of what the source river for the Monterrey Bay Canyon is. This canyon is as big as the Grand Canyon but, because of the San Andreas transform fault the source must have been further south. What are the current theories to explain its genesis? Thanks for considering this and keep up the great work. It’s always very enlightening.

  • @mrgray5576
    @mrgray5576 Год назад +4

    Please cover the area of tambourine mountain and the thunderbird thunder egg park. It was a great place when i was a kid. Still have a few amethyst geodes from there.

  • @kevin_m_smith
    @kevin_m_smith Год назад +1

    Topic: Picacho Peak in Arizona. A landmark on the commute between Tucson and Phoenix. At first, it looks like an old volcano core, where the outside has since eroded away. However, instead it seems to have somehow spilt away from the remaining Picacho mountains. I have heard that it was also used as a bombing target for military training some years ago.

  • @speakupriseup4549
    @speakupriseup4549 Год назад +2

    There is another odd mountain in far north Queensland called Black Mountain, it is a mountain made of massive black granite boulders near Cook Town, formed from cooling magma 250 million years ago (give or take a year) it looks like a huge pyramid of boulders.

  • @TheKrispyfort
    @TheKrispyfort Год назад +2

    "Tabletop Mountain" near Toowoomba QLD Australia 🙏

  • @ArmchairOutdoorsman
    @ArmchairOutdoorsman Год назад +1

    Another phenomenal vid! I would love you to do a video featuring the Canadian shield and its evolution!

  • @adriennefloreen
    @adriennefloreen Год назад

    I love how your narration is like timeless in nature describing how some eruption occurred around a town a million years ago that exists there now but didn't exist then and how you continuously compare volcanoes to my favorite volcano mt Lassen!! At some point I hope to upload my videos I filmed there. Our power is out again due to California's weather right after they assured me it would not go out while I was filming them and I'm so very annoyed, luckily we could use one phone to watch videos and we watched yours first.

  • @TonysGemDesignswithGCS
    @TonysGemDesignswithGCS Год назад +3

    Have a look at the Hanging Rock in Victoria as in the movie "Picnic at Hanging Rock"

  • @SJR_Media_Group
    @SJR_Media_Group Год назад +2

    *_Australia has very unusual geology, the most complex I have ever seen._*

    • @paulfri1569
      @paulfri1569 11 месяцев назад

      A very old and unique contentient.. A geologist dream..

  • @hogey74
    @hogey74 Год назад +2

    Hey this was great thank you. I know that area quite well and have slowly been learning about the geological history. I assumed they were part of the plate movement over the upwelling 50M years ago that resulted in Wollumbin (Mt Warning) and helped to shape NZ. Seems like my simple explanation was too simple!

  • @erickrobertson7089
    @erickrobertson7089 Год назад

    The 1st thing I thought of when your video demonstrated the erosion of the surface surrounding these sites was Devils Tower in Wyoming.

  • @DFSJR1203
    @DFSJR1203 Год назад +2

    If the Cascadia fault ever let loose, could that cause problems for the volcanoes in Washington State

  • @damianousley8833
    @damianousley8833 Год назад +1

    Captain Cook gave them their group name for these volcanic features, because they looked like the dome shaped glass kilns in his native England.😊

  • @theharper1
    @theharper1 Год назад +1

    You stated that the volcanoes eroded, but didn't mention uplift. Wasn't there uplift as well as erosion to put the magma chamber above sea level? It's interesting that you say rhyolite doesn't spread far, because I've read that much of the volcanic sections of the McPherson ranges which form the north-western part of the Mount Warning shield volcano remnant are rhyolite. The Mount Warning complex must have had numerous vents, because aside from the core at mount warning, there's basalt column formations at Minyon Falls and Fingal Head. Mount Warning being a shield volcano, I'd have expected the lava to have a low viscosity like the volcanoes in Hawaii. Mount Warning seems to be a magma chamber remnant like Beerwah, but much bigger, reaching 1156m in height. The original height of the volcano was around 2300m.

  • @amayasnep
    @amayasnep Год назад

    Consider making a video about the chain of prominent volcanic plugs near Moro Bay, California. Or the unusual geology and geography of the Transverse Ranges.

  • @TheDig087
    @TheDig087 Год назад

    I live about 400klm north of there in Gladstone and we have our own extinct volcano Mt Larcom. It looks like a normal mountain but with an exposed larva core at the top. I work in earth moving and the geology in the area is amazing the deeper you dig.

  • @bleachcheeks4837
    @bleachcheeks4837 Год назад +1

    That is so beautiful

  • @residentenigma7141
    @residentenigma7141 Год назад +1

    The way they catch the sun at dawn is a view to behold.

  • @EatsLikeADuck
    @EatsLikeADuck Год назад +6

    I didn't realize Australia broke from Antarctica. #LearnSomethingNewEveryDay

  • @hanger1800
    @hanger1800 Год назад

    I lived around there, absolutely amazing mountains

  • @filipesiegrist
    @filipesiegrist Год назад +1

    Please make a video about Trindade Volcano in Brasil.
    It is listed as active on Volcano Discovery but I could not find any reliable information of it being active or extinct. As it erupted 50k years ago it seems plausible that it can erupt again. It can be our only volcano.

  • @johnclamp1535
    @johnclamp1535 Год назад +1

    Hi bro can you do Yeak Lom Lake in Cambodia? A very unusual geologic feature which is a very deep perfectly circular lake with vertical sides.

  • @MaQuGo119
    @MaQuGo119 Год назад +2

    Peña de Bernal

  • @xenocampanoli815
    @xenocampanoli815 Год назад

    I long thought Beacon Rock on the Columbia River formed in this way, but after your feature about Haystack Rock at Cannon Beach, I thought I might be wrong.

    • @GeologyHub
      @GeologyHub  Год назад +2

      Beacon Rock was a far younger feature (~55,000 years old) but yes it formed in a similar way.

  • @swifty4239
    @swifty4239 Год назад +1

    I was wondering if you could do a topic on the new Zealand alps and the glaciers there

  • @supertoasting1011
    @supertoasting1011 Год назад +3

    Are these similar to the 9 sisters in California?

  • @pauljeffery7658
    @pauljeffery7658 Год назад

    Thanks mate

  • @TheKrispyfort
    @TheKrispyfort Год назад +2

    "The Pilliga" in NSW Australia

  • @hart-of-gold
    @hart-of-gold Год назад +1

    Hi, Are the Three Brothers and Jolly Nose volcanic plugs formed by the Comboyne Volcano? Comboyne Peak, Big and Little Nellie and Flat Rock almost certainly are.

  • @antonjoos2106
    @antonjoos2106 Год назад

    Thanks to you im really interessted into Geology, i try to combine my job, in Biology, with Volcanology in the future! Now my question, i come from the southern part of Germany and we dont have active vulcanos here but a inactive vulcanic field. The Hegau Vulcanos, could you by any chance make a video about it or is it simply to small and too old and all the information is in German? keep up the awesome work and life the dream!

  • @JaiPiahana
    @JaiPiahana Год назад +2

    Do a video of Australia's extinct volcano the nut in Tasmania

  • @FrankPCarpi
    @FrankPCarpi Год назад

    There's no book like the best seller for generations.

  • @seanbohannon
    @seanbohannon Год назад

    I understand there is a seamount off the British Columbia coast that erupts fairly often and is getting near the surface. I would be interested in a video on that and on other seamounts almost ready to form islands, like the one in the between Sicily and Tunisia that surfaced for a while in the 19th century.

  • @thomasdrivas5317
    @thomasdrivas5317 Год назад

    I know this might sound a bit off topic, but could you do a video explaining the different compositions of magma from bassalt to rhyolite?

  • @banman1
    @banman1 Год назад +3

    Any chance of a video about Devils Tower?

    • @SMartinTX
      @SMartinTX Год назад

      He already had. ruclips.net/video/fxq80p6DobU/видео.html

  • @SonOfTheOne111
    @SonOfTheOne111 Год назад

    How can you be so confident of how old these rocks and strata really are?

  • @awthorn2653
    @awthorn2653 Год назад +2

    But where is this hotspot now ? Is it also "extinct" ?

    • @icollectstories5702
      @icollectstories5702 Год назад +2

      Could be. Sometimes hotspots are like blobs rising from the mantle ... like the ones in lava lamps.

    • @computernewandoldcomputert2971
      @computernewandoldcomputert2971 Год назад +3

      could be very deep under the crust as the crust is very think. maybe under victoria

    • @baymanaustralia
      @baymanaustralia Год назад +3

      Apparently it is somewhere under the sea between the Australian mainland and the island of Tasmania.

    • @computernewandoldcomputert2971
      @computernewandoldcomputert2971 Год назад +3

      @@baymanaustralia also the cosgrove hotspot is also in bass strait

  • @n5017858
    @n5017858 Год назад +1

    Can you do the Warumbungles?

  • @barbaracharette6923
    @barbaracharette6923 Год назад

    Can you talk about Thumb Butte in Prescott AZ

  • @sujimtangerines
    @sujimtangerines Год назад

    Are there any other monoliths like this in other countries?

  • @senseibear2436
    @senseibear2436 Год назад

    Was the ground rock eroded before the land became forested? (ie, by ice)
    Did the forests erode it? That piece matters to my confused mind...

  • @eamonnbyrt1214
    @eamonnbyrt1214 Год назад

    where was this when i was studying the for uni 😢

  • @thezood
    @thezood Год назад

    16 million years doesn't sound that long geologically speaking. Could the hotspot cause eruptions again further south?

  • @66bloodmoon
    @66bloodmoon Год назад +3

    Interesting.

  • @GDGedits
    @GDGedits Год назад

    Bro, I actually had a dream last night that a volcano erupted near my house, Well atleast I saw it, And it also felt so realistic, But then when I woke up this morning I didn’t see any volcano looking mountains anywhere.

  • @tdw5933
    @tdw5933 Год назад

    Minnesota hot spot

  • @NGC-catseye
    @NGC-catseye Год назад +2

    Queenslander😎

  • @Charlie-wq1gi
    @Charlie-wq1gi Год назад

    has anyone actually been in any of the extinct magma chambers or do the fill in or solidify? The way it's presented it looks like it would leave 'caves'. As you can tell, I know nothing about the subject really but am quit interested.

  • @SMunro
    @SMunro Год назад

    Mataranka hotsprings.

  • @raphael_created_videos7892
    @raphael_created_videos7892 8 месяцев назад

    Thank god im not seeing conspiracy theorists in the newest comments saying that. "ThEi Ar TrEs u DUm 🤓🤓🤓🤓"

  • @jerichothirteen1134
    @jerichothirteen1134 4 месяца назад

    They are not geological oddities they are the houses of the ancients. I can't take anymore of this. If you want to know a load of nonsense about history and cosmology ask a geologist.

  • @000fisherman
    @000fisherman Год назад

    Still waiting for FNQ> But you be to busy on your gold claim , LOL.

  • @princessofthecape2078
    @princessofthecape2078 Год назад

    "Towering" is being very kind. The tallest mountain in Australia barely scrapes past 7,000 feet. The continent is a pathetic mixture of searing desert and unappealing scrubland.

  • @Zenderised
    @Zenderised Год назад

    Wrong

  • @gabrielford3473
    @gabrielford3473 Год назад

    You have got to change the voice/accent of the narration. The (apparently) mandatory RUclips documentary accent is just unbearable.

    • @relwalretep
      @relwalretep Год назад +9

      It's the chap's actual voice - do you propose he has an operation to change it?

    • @SevenPr1me
      @SevenPr1me Год назад +11

      Your opinion is so unpopular that nobody but you cares

    • @geoffreypiltz271
      @geoffreypiltz271 Год назад +8

      What do you sound like?

    • @hunterthurmon1398
      @hunterthurmon1398 Год назад +10

      Stop watching instead of crying about the man’s voice.

    • @grahamw5735
      @grahamw5735 Год назад +5

      You have got to change the style/tone of the comment. The {apparently) mandatory negative RUclips documentary comment is just unbearable.

  • @Exodus26.13Pi
    @Exodus26.13Pi Год назад +4

    Ancient tree stumps.