The Waterloo & City line used to have a train elevator that was connected to a siding at Waterloo station, but it was replaced with a crane after a train fell through down the open shaft from a mislined switch. The city of Cincinnati also had funiculars that streetcars would drive onto which would carry them up the hills.
There are inclined elevators though, and some funicular railways have historically been called elevators (such as the Fenlon Place Elevator in Dubuque, IA)
While not bashing kAN (except perhaps for being lazy?) I will point out that I have seen some rather incredibly braincell free individuals with engineering degrees on their walls.
39:45 lots of railways in the UK had gravity based incline operations - wasn’t quite an elevator but was basically 45+ degrees. the empty cars at the bottom would be attached to a rope (or chain or steel cable) that went up and spooled around a winding mechanism at the top, then looped back down to connect to a cut of full cars. the weight of the full cars traveling downhill would pull the empty cars uphill. mostly on two-foot slate operations in wales but there were a few standard gauge ones!
Gustav was actually put to use when they shelled barbarossa I believe. Btw, it took the germans 5 weeks to assemble it. Also, Gustav had a sister, Dora. Yeah... they had 2 of those giant things. Train of Thought has a video on the gustav which should tell you more. EDIT: Wasn't done watching the video and heard them ask about how they aimed it. Well, that's quite simple: They laid the track in such a way that they coud aim the thing. it might've had a little bit of lateral aiming, but most of the significant aiming was done by literally relaying the track for it.
if I remember correctly they just made a curve in the track, so to aim horizontally they just moved the train forward and back along it. stinkin big gun
I think you mean "Operation Barbarossa". Gustav was first used at Sevastapol, then later used for a little while at Stalingrad, while Dora saw use at Leningrad. Both guns were initially pulled back as the Russian counterattack ramped up, but it became clear very quick that they were useless in the defense of Germany. So both were blown up and then scrapped by the Soviets.
@@sirrliv You're correct, thanks for the correction. Weren't they initially built to shell the marginot line or to lob massive shells at the british (which was something it could quite comfortably do I believe)?
@@roadtrain_ There was a plan to build a similar gun that would've used rocket-assisted shells to attack London, but the construction of that gun was stopped by bombing. Also, to do with aiming, the smaller K5 railway guns -- which could fit on any standard rail -- could be aimed not via curved track, but via two perpendicular rails. At the intersection, there would be a small turntable to facilitate transferring one truck to the other track; with one truck on each track, the setup would function much like an Archimedes Trammel, allowing aiming in any direction with a very simple and small setup. Ultimately why railway guns were favored by the Germans is also the reason they didn't work too well; if you don't have air superiority (necessary for bombing), you use heavy artillery instead. But, if you don't have air superiority, your heavy artillery is easily bombed.
I love how in the live stream hyce was freaking out in a bad way about the update but during the last vid hyce was all chill like we didn't all know the train models really gave hyce a ten inch flat spot on the brain wheel
There were successful condensing locomotives used in the South African desert, with these enormous tenders that were basically giant radiators. And the smokeboxes were equipped with mechanical fans to provide draft for the fire instead of the exhaust.
There were quite a few "Wagon lifts" in some locations in Britain. Interestingly, when the London & South-Western Railway built its underground branch (the "Waterloo & City Railway") the depot for the electric trains was underground and the trains were moved to and from that depot for heavy maintenance by a wagon lift in a shaft from the London Waterloo Freight Yard one car at a time. (As Jack Morgan already mentioned below)
Oh yeah, I almost forgot about that. Unfortunately, the Waterloo & City lift was knocked out when an M7 tank engine accidentally fell in (can't recall if the lift was ever repaired after that or not). The shaft is still used to this day whenever London Transport needs to lift cars in or out of the W&S Line since it has no rail connection to any other part of the Underground, though nowadays they hire in cranes to do the lifting.
For the German railway gun, they had an entire battalion to operate one gun. They would build a circular section of track to allow them to aim left to right. Interestingly as well, they had to number the shells and fire them in order because they were slightly larger each time, since they had to account for the wear of the lands and groves of the rifling in the gun tube. And they would have to re-tube the gun after like 60 rounds. -current artilleryman
they could shoot from france to england with a range of about 38km they also had tracks on top of the train to move the shells from a crane to the cannon itself . they were hidden in traintunnels as easy bunkers so all and all they did have some clever approaches to stuff
kan: "we have options. The switchback or the pain of separating the train" **a few seconds later** Hyce: "fine we'll do the switchback" Kan: **happy Kan noises** Hyce: **pain**
So Schwerer Gustav (and its sister Dora) did not travel in a fireable state. the double tracks you see them pictured with were their specifically built firing circles where they were assembled by their dedicated Pioneer divisions. the tracks were also notched to give some recoil absorption and easy aiming. When they were traveling they were dismantled and transported in very long trains. Gustav's scuttled train was captured and thats where we get the picture of the men laying inside Gustav's barrel.
The comment about the rails moving reminded me of something: The West Side Lumber Co actually had a setup at the bottom of the big hill down into Toulumne, where the rails that came down the mountain splayed out across what were basically a pair of switch frogs--just jankier. Basically, as every train came down the hill, it would shove the rails a little bit further out, and at various points the track crews would cut off what had been splayed out from these frogs, take them up the hill, and replace the gap that had opened in the top with the cut off pieces. I really want to see what that looked like, because it just must have been fishplate hell. Also, there was a neat train "elevator" that was used by the London Tube to get cars down into the tunnels. I know of at least one instance where a Southern Ry M7 class steam engine fell down the damn thing because it shunted back to far. EDIT: also, the railgun thing: they were aimed through a curve--the guns were fixed. the Gustav twins (Schwerer Gustav and Dora) were both used as well. Gustav shelled the Russians at Sevastopol, and Dora was used during the Warsaw Uprising. It's little sister, Leopold, is still in the US Army collection (somewhere)
Talking about crazy track ballast, there was a wonderful story I read in an old book called "A Treasury of Railroad Folklore," by Botkin and Harlow (which, by the way Hyce, I highly recommend you getting yourself a copy). Back in the 1890's in Argentine, KS, the Santa Fe had a large yard (still there today, as a matter of fact), where one of the industries serviced was a large lead and silver smelter. Some of the ore brought to the smelter came in sealed boxcars from a mine in Mexico. One day, a coal hopper loaded with what appeared to be a low grade coarse sand showed up in the Santa Fe's yard without a bill of lading. The yardmaster didn't know what it was, the freight department didn't know either, apparently nobody knew what the deal was with this car. It sits around for about ten days before the yardmaster decides he's gonna do something with it. He first had it switched over to the sand house to be used for locomotives, but the roundhouse foreman refused the car, saying that it was too coarse to use for engines. Next the yardmaster tried to pawn it off on a sand and gravel company, mixing in this hopper with half a dozen or so cars of gravel, and then switching the cut into their yard. The sand company almost immediately pitched a fit about this bum load of sand and to get that *insert unmentionable explicative* car out of their yard. By this time, the yardmaster is about ready to rip his hair out trying to figure out what to do with this carload of sand, when he runs into a section foreman. He asks the foreman if he could use an extra car of ballast, to which the foreman says that yes, he could. Great! The sand is unloaded into the west end of the Santa Fe's Argentine yard, the hopper is back into service, everybody's happy. About a month later, a car tracer from the home office steps off the morning passenger train and goes straight to the yardmaster's office with a vengeance. He was looking for a missing load of high grade silver ore from Mexico. The car had been traced to the Argentine yard, and was found, but instead of the silver ore, it was loaded with coal slack. He wanted to know where the silver ore was. The yardmaster remembered the unmarked hopper of coarse sand and bashfully led the tracer to the west end of the yard and showed him the freshly ballasted track. The car tracer was livid, and proceeded to tell the whole world what he thought of a dumb railroader who'd use $200 a ton silver ore for track ballast. "Well, it was a damn rich piece of track while it lasted," said the yardmaster as a section gang reloaded the ore into another hopper. How all this madness came to pass is quite simple. The ore loaded in this hopper had originally been loaded into a sealed boxcar, but somewhere on the line it had been involved in an accident, and the ore was transferred from the damaged boxcar into an open hopper, but somebody forgot to update the bill of lading.
Really happy to be a follower on the channel or I never would have known about the museum. And now I'm an ops volunteer there! Super excited to do many hours of service keeping these machines going safely! Thanks Mark!
On the note of fairlie porters, I think Hyce is confusing the German Zwillinge and the French Péchot-Bourdon. The Zwillinge ("Twins" in German) were nested pairs of 0-6-0's with a shared road and works number, distinguished with A and B. They were built for the German army from about the turn of the century to 1905 and saw primary use abroad in colonies, most notably South West Africa. By the time of the First World War, Germany had been producing Brigadelok 0-8-0's instead for roughly 10 years, and iirc those saw wider use on the front lines. The Péchot-Bourdon was just an 0-4-4-0 fairlie variation. Baldwin built a bunch for France during WW1, and the alleged reason the French wanted a fairlie was that they believed enemy fire could damage one boiler or set of valve gear but the locomotive could continue to operate.
Condensing locos were definitely a thing, probably the most famous use was on the London Underground before electric trains took over. They've also been used to conserve water on long routes through desert/arid regions. In regards to wetting coal, I was just watching Lawrie's Mechanical Marvels' video on the Castle Class 100th anniversary event, and when they loaded coal into the loco there was a significant amount of water mixed into it, I'd assume intentionally because it was being loaded from a covered coal stage. (Basically an elevated shed with flip-down platforms where hand carts full of coal can be rolled out above the tender and dumped into it.) Lastly, this has already been mentioned to some degree, but there were a number of car lifts in Britain. They made heavy use of viaducts there and had whole elevated yards in some places, and there were several places where one elevated railroad crossed another that was at ground level and there was a need to get cars from one to the other and no space to build a long ramp connecting them so lifts were used. I believe there were also a few cases where they were used to serve industries alongside elevated lines. It probably helps that British rolling stock was absolutely tiny until the late 20th century.
A friend of mine is one of the helpers with the New River Gorge excursion, apparently CSX recently had a locomotive smoke a large bolder going 50 mph in that area… A bolder fell on the track on the opposite side of a bend and the crew couldn’t see it until they was right up on it. As soon as they saw it they slammed on the brakes at 50 mph and hit the bolder going 49 mph. Luckily everyone survived but had some serious injuries…
8:32 Us Brits always "slaked" our locomotive coal to reduce fire risk and dust, both before loading into the coaler and during locomotive coaling. There's a charming 30s employee safety/efficiency training video here on RUclips under "LMS Engine shed" which I highly recommend. Funnily enough preservation steam on the main line can't slake it's coal because of the overhead wires and the cabs are dirtier to work in as a result 33:33 This was actually done in arid regions like South Africa's Class 25. They used a steam turbine powered fan to generate draught and had RIDICULOUSLY long condensing tenders at around 14m(46ft) long. 39:28 This was used to transfer cars between the Waterloo & City line and the goods yard at Waterloo station. The Waterloo & City is entirely underground, depot included, and has no connection to other lines so this was the only way to transfer stock. The line was owned by the mainline and both are standard gauge so it made sense to interface the 2. By the time it joined London Underground in the 90s the goods yard and Armstrong lift had been removed and they now lower cars through a vertical access shaft. 43:25 In our modern society where we use decimal currency and count in 10s Imperial is very obtuse. However (as much as I hate to admit it as) I have to recognise as a mathematician that the Imperial system makes dividing easier. You know how you can easily split an hour into parts? 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,20,30,60? well 12 divides nicely by 2,3,4,6 and 16 divides by 2,4,8. The other issue with Imperial is the units for length, distance, weight, and volume do not interface. A mile is not a nice number of feet and I'll bet you didn't know a gallon is 231 cubic inches. Pre-decimal Britain (and other European nations) took this a step further with the currency consisting of L(Pounds)=£, S(Shillings)=£1/20, and D(Pence)=£1/240 and the weight of the coin corresponded to it's value making it easy to count with weighing scales for an uneducated populous. In fact the £ symbol is a stylized L for Lbs. 48:55 The Apollo computers ran in metric because the maths is so much easier, however the values for the displays were converted to Imperial so they would be intuitive to the astronauts. Also fun fact the US was almost an early adopter of metric: Imperial measures are from the British empire and the US wanted to use France's new metric system after independence. Then the set of weights and measures France shipped were taken by pirates and the US kept Imperial.
57:37, my sister-in-law grew up in Claremore, OK. its a small town, and when a train stops, it cuts the entire town in half, and BNSF crews used to do this all the time so they could get dunkin donuts, but then the city forced the dunkin donuts to move, and now the town just gets cut in half whenever 2 trains need to pass
Percy should be number 55 or 610 if you're sequence breaking anyway, because 34 should be Rule 34 and 21 is already locked as Kenosha. Loving this series, you're such a great duo and the chemistry is so good!
there were a number of condensing locomotives, those usually had a draft fan in the smokebox. the germans had some 200 BR52 with condensing Tenders for Russia and Africa, the south african class 25 which ran from 1953 to 1987 were 90 big Northerns with a condeser tender.
Only the Railway guns had setups where you needed two Locomotives on parallel track to pull it. And yes the German's did fire them in warfare on multiple occasions till the guns were either destroyed or the tracks were destroyed to the point the guns couldn't be moved to firing positions. Only 3 were made and only one survived to be disassembled by the Americans.
40:10 there is the "Oberweißbacher Bergbahn" in Germany which can lift small 4 wheel standard gauge cars up an 25% incline using a special transfer car. I guess you could count that as a train-elevator
I expected the Kenosha on the 10% and was really surprised when it didn't happen. Then we get to a nice not-spicy have-to-work-to-crash-here piece of track and why am I hearing the first verse?????? Then Hyce reminds me that he can Kenosha anything anywhere. 😂 The whole "it depends" thing has been making me laugh/giving me flashbacks for a while now, because my engineering stats prof as an undergrad was the same way and he drove us all nuts. By the end of the term we were debating going down to EE where his wife was a prof and asking what he said at the altar. The difference is that Prof. Hyce actually explains in concise layman's terms what depends on what and why!! Thanks for another fun episode, fellas. If y'all buy that Ruby Basin eyesore, I might want put on the unalive list, and I'm going to have a stopwatch for Kenosha.
44:53 Proud Yankee here, I completely agree with Kan. Once you’ve had to do hydrodynamic or thermodynamic stuff or weights and centers in US units, you will learn to vehemently hate having to deal with feet, inches, and eights, pounds force vs pounds mass vs slugs, and BTUs. The conversion factors alone could fill a book.
I think the best bet to up the preformance of your locomotive for your fast and furious steam edition would be a welded safety valve :P What could go wrong.
On the topic of railroads renumbering engines, here is the saga of Flying Scotsmans number: Original Great Northern number: 1472 1st LNER number: 4472 2nd LNER number (Edward Thompson): 502 3rd LNER Number (Peppercorn): 103 British Railways number: 60103 5 numbers in the span of just under 20 years
I like my Winchester Model 1894 in .32 Winchester Special. Kicks like a mule, booms like thunder rather than a crack like a fighter jet (used to work on a US AFB, got my share of sonic booms from F-15s coming in at 150 feet over my head for a few years). Your shoulder will be sore for a week after 10 shots, two weeks if you do a full box of 20 at the range. My great-grandpa used to hunt deer and even an elk or two with it. I remember hearing a story long ago about an engineer or fireman on some logging railroad in the Pacific Northwest who was loved by the loggers because he would pop a deer with a Winchester lever-action from the cab of his locomotive (no idea which of the geared three it was) and would then skin and butcher it and then even cook it using his engine, kept them better fed than the lumber company itself. And I had a feeling the 6.5% had a wrench waiting for you two, heh… good effort, though! Finally got the game myself, and already to the iron mine myself in just 3 days, but LORDY do I ever have a load more respect for you and kAN, laying track is a PAIN… probably easier for you two being engineers and doing mental math easily. Math hates me, my brain works on retaining historical information, so math is… just forget it for me, heh. I still vote Tenmile for #21 “Kenosha” with antler headlights just because it looks so crazy, you might think the designer was drunk… plus, who else could bin it on that hill, like in your livestream?
57:50 so Fun fact! When I was younger I used to do delivery for a pizza place. We had a call for a delivery at road that didn't have any houses on it but were told we were delivering to a Train. I got the order, and we figured it was just going to be a prank or some homeless. Sure enough, parked just short of the crossing to allow road traffic through was a pair of CSX Locomotives pulling tanker cars. There'd been a problem ahead of them so they were told to stop here and were looking at a 2 or 3 hour delay, so they went "Screw it" and ordered a pizza to see if we'd come. We all had a good laugh and I got to go in the Cab for little bit. Good dudes, tipped well too!
The portage railroad in PA used to haul cars up by cables after the canals started going away. Later they built an actual railroad grade up the mountain before the PRR took over
Hi Hyce, I commented on last video about lowering the music volume and wanted to say that this video was perfect. Can still hear the awesome music in the background while yours and kAn's voices are in the foreground. :)
1:07:05: Yes, there are people in the comments that would know. Schwerer Gustav could naturally only pitch up and down; lateral aim was (ingeniously) achieved by the track shape. Emplacement tracks for Gustav were laid in an arc, so by moving the whole artillery piece back or forth on the tracks you could change the direction of its aim. This allowed the gun to be exceptionally precise despite its massive size. It actually was used in the war; it first saw action in spring of '42 in the Siege of Sevastopol, and it was ultimately destroyed by German soldiers themselves in April '45 to keep it from falling into Allied hands.
Springdale Power Plant was from the Harmarville was fed from the Springdale coal mine under the Allegheny River via two tunnels, one inbound and one outbound with carts of coal. Individual cars would be elevated out of the ground, dumped, and lowered back underground. My grandfather was a mining engineer for AP Coal at said mine as a management employee and surveyed it.
39:25 Locks don’t involve any pumping. They just let water in on the upstream side and out on the downstream side. They’re entirely powered by the difference in height between the water level above and below the lock.
As an "working" engineer, the freedom vs science units just means that I do unit conversions. A lot. Also the tons (tonnes) is burnt into my brain: short tons, long tons (boats & iron ore), metric tonnes: 2000lb, 2204lbs, 2240 lbs.
The US doesn't use metric because it would cost an exorbitant amount of money to change over all tooling and measuring devices. I was a machinist and I thought about this while looking at my very expensive box of micrometers.
I’ve been trying to teach my friends how to drift in Forza, and one of the things I told them is that when you’re properly drifting it’s just like driving on ice. When you said you have a lot less braking power when wheels are stopped idk why it made me think of that, but that’s just how I make sense of drifting.
Cedars are related to pines, as both are in the Pinaceae family. The difference is, pines are in the Pinus genus, whereas cedars are in the Cedras genus.
43:20 I read somewhere that the reason for the seemingly weird Imperial units is that for most human operations, it's incredibly useful to be able to divide evenly by 2, 3, and 4. Metric divides evenly by 2, 5, and occasionally 4, so dividing a meter by 3 doesn't really work well. Scientific and engineering math is honestly the only place where Imperial is absolutely worse, but the average person isn't doing engineering math.
i heard the smells like Kenosha just barely start up in the background over the noise of switching out cars in derail valley and you guys talking and i heard it for like one and a half seconds and my head immediately snapped to look at my second monitor and now my neck hurts, no regrets.
I'm so glad I found hyce's channel, so many railroading facts and information given freely. I can't wait for the next on- Wait, what song is playing in the background?
The difference between the Imperial system and the metric system is how the units are divided. In Metric it's all based on 10, in imperial it's all either doubled or tripled. This gives the metric system a slight advantage in ease of use when dealing with precision, while the imperial system has a slight edge during everyday use.
A quick note on the condenser locomotive concept - it did end up being developed and having uses in particular cases. The metropolitan railway (one of the London Underground Precursors) A and B class locomotives were both condensers, and SAR (South African Railways) had condensers, such as the Class 25 (a 4-8-4) due to the lack of sufficient water supply when crossing the Karoo and going into Namibia. The Class 25 had a steam turbine in the smokebox and tradition holds that it performed better than the locomotives that were not fitted with the condenser.
I ain't crew, but the first time I took the Empire builder out to Seattle, I ordered takeout from a restaurant I knew in Redwing MN. and had a friend of mine run it down to me at the station. Crew looked kind envious they didn't get any. :P
Back to the metric conversation, it's funny. In the injection molding shop that I work at on my side of Pennsylvania, we do a mix of imperial and metric. The temperatures and stuff are in Fahrenheit but the positions and speeds are in mm and mm/s. And I've gotten very use to that. Edit: Also forgot to mention we do our weights and grams also. Like when adding color and other additives.
Train crews stopping for lunch: There's a spot in my hometown of San Marcos, TX, actually pretty close to my house, where there's a signal just shy of an interstate crossing (which being Texas means both the elevated freeway itself plus parallel access roads on either side). On the other side of the highway there's a cluster of restaurants; a McDonald's, a Wendy's, a Taco Cabana, a local fast food Mexican place, even a couple sit-down places; an IHOP, a Saltgrass steakhouse, a Chuy's Mexican. And there is a long standing tradition that when trains get stopped at that signal the crews will tie her down, dismount, walk up the tracks under the highway, and grab a round of burgers or a bag of tacos for the road; if it's a long stop they'll even sit down and eat in the restaurant. Interlinked locomotives: Some of the first steam engines imported to Japan in 1871 were the Class 190 2-4-0t. Built by Dubs of Glasgow, these two engines, numbers 9 & 10, were originally intended to be semi-permanently coupled back to back to form sort of an el-cheapo double fairlie for use on heavy freight trains. To this end they were delivered with no brakes. At all. None, not even handbrakes. The idea was that while working in tandem the engine facing backwards would pull against the train's momentum and stop it that way. But this arrangement meant that in order to be able to 1. stop, and 2. couple to anything else when working on their own, each loco also had to come with its own bespoke brake van, which made operations with them very awkward; if the engine was somewhere where their brake van wasn't, they could only pull things cab-first, and had to rely on the train's brake van to stop. Add to this huge boxy water tanks that covered most of the running gear so oiling up was a nightmare (plus they just looked ugly) and a cab that was fully open on the back and mostly open on the sides making it super drafty and not giving much protection from the weather and limiting coal space to the top of the side tanks, and the end result was that both British and Japanese crews HATED these engines; of the initial 10 2-4-0t's ordered from 5 different builders to see whose were best, the Dubs pair were by far the worst. They weren't even needed for freight work; Sharp-Steward had delivered a pair of 0-4-2 tender engines to take care of that. By 1873, after just 3 years of work the Japanese were fed up with them and had both rebuilt with proper steam brakes and better cabs. They were rebuilt again in 1895 along more conventional lines before being eventually being sold to a private railway company in 1911 and eventually both scrapped in 1927. Multi-track trains: A magazine illustration from 1885 showed a plan to build a colossal portage railroad to carry ships across the isthmus of Panama. 3 broad gauge tracks would run parallel with a trio of colossal double fairlies hauling an enormous flatcar with a full sized ocean liner loaded onto a cradle onto it. Details on exact operations are sketchy; presumably there would be a run-round loop, or some sources claim a mammoth turntable at the top of the grade so that the whole lot could descend backwards to the opposite ocean. Obviously this was never built, but there was a brief window when this hairbrained scheme actually seemed more plausible than digging a canal. Trench Railways: I almost wrote my undergrad thesis on this (until my professor, who knew me well, forbid me from writing any topic related to trains; I even half-joked that even the word "Train" was verboten. She was trying to challenge me to think outside the box, plus I think years of me bringing them up in her classes had just annoyed her), but the potted version is that yes, little 2ft temporary narrow gauge railways would be used mainly to move supplies and troops from the nearest supply depots and standard gauge railheads to dump sites nearer the front, mostly because 1. little trains were much more readily available thanks to the French and Welsh mining industries and tramways before the war, and 2. the chewed up artillery-bombarded ground was virtually impassible to trucks or horse-drawn wagons in many places, but little trains could weave through the gaps more easily. All sorts of locomotives were used by all sides (yes, the Germans had them too, the Heeresfeldbahn), the main requirements being 1. light weight for the temporary track, 2. quick to mass produce, and 3. easy to maintain and repair. It was rare for trench railways to run all the way up to the front lines, and often where they did only diesel and petrol locomotives were allowed as they didn't want the enemy to see and target the smoke of a steam engine. After the war many trench locomotives were sold as surplus back into civilian industry; many rural logging railways in Romania and former Yugoslavia still use German trench trains, and the character of Smudger from the Rev. Awdry's "Railway Series" was based on a real American trench engine sold to a Welsh railway only to prove to be a cheaply built piece of junk.
Major nascar teams have multiple back up cars as well as cars set up for strictly oval and cars set up for road courses. The main stipulation is that for each race one car can be used from first practice to the end of the race and can only be replaced by a backup if the original inspected vehicle wrecks in practice or qualifying at the expense of starting at the rear of the pack.
2 Major benefits of Imperial, 1, Fahrenheit is more Accurite then Celsius (IE 10 F. Thermostats will be closer to agreeing to each other then 10 C. thermostats,) And 2, Imperial is FAAAARRR more accurite for Machining/Manufacturing IE. Imperial bolt thread has a tighter fit then metric, etc, (also most the world boasts about metric being superior, But all metric sockets are driven by a 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4 or 1 inch drive ratchet xD) And if you hate converting metric and imperial, Lemme tell ya about Wentward Standard!
Quick thing about larger caliber fire arms. The barrels generally move to offset the force being hit into your hands or shoulders. For example the barrett 50. Cal, you can see the barrel push back after firing. Some shotguns even have it like in some brownings. You can also look at artillery and naval guns. With those the have to move or they would blow the barrel straight out the back. So with all this rambling I'm sure the German rail gun had a barrel the moved to reduce it to not blow it off the tracks.
Fun fact 2, it was very common in logging and mining to use cables to pull cars up and down very steep grades, in CA there was a logging operation that zip lined log cars across a huge canyon
Artillery trains were actually quite a common sight before the advent of bomber aircraft. For aiming, they usually took one of two track layouts, either a circular track or a equilateral wye. or where specific track was laid, it was often relaid to improve aiming. With regards recoil, i believe they would allow the train to roll on the track in some cases.
39:30 Yeah aaaactually 🤣 The Laas marble railway in Italy is a 1.000mm narrow gauge railway (so not far from 3ft gauge) for transporting marble from the mountains down to the valley. It is devided in two parts - which are connected by a funicular. So the loaded cars on their way down (and empties on the way back) are transported by the funicular. The normal parts of the railway have a max. grade of about 10‰, the funicular is at about 500‰.
About 49:00 - yeah and then they tried sending something to space in imperial, I think it was some survey bot for Mars, and they got lost in conversions and the parachute was seven times too small or something like that? ;-)
With kaN talking about the pound being defined as a fraction of the kilogram prototype - I wonder if it is still like that? This would really be hilarious, since the kilogram isn't defined by that physical object any more, to metric that's just (admittedly quite recent) history. All SI units (so all seven base units of the metric system) are defined out of universal natural phenomena, with the kilogram being defined based on the metre (which comes from the speed of light), second (which comes from the frequency of a specific atomic transition of Caesium-133) and the Planck constant. The edit of the SI definitions, where the kilogram was redefined away from the physical prototype, got rid of all human made artifacts in all SI definitions. All SI units are now direct derivatives of universal natural phenomena.
Big NASCAR fan here, as of last year, the Cup series car has a symmetrical body, the bodies that are twisted to turn left aren’t allowed anymore, they gotta run straight. Kinda neat!
Two sets of locomotives on parallel tracks pulling one platform was also used at Baikonur to deliver the superheavy rockets from assembly building to the launch pads. But there literally were 6 launches total (4 launch failures of N1, 2 successful launches of Energia) from that launch facility.
The Panama canal uses tug trains that run parallel either side of the canal to tow ships through the locks.. Also China uses 8' gauge on metro system. Russia and few other countries had 5' gauge seems to be more of Aisa thing to use broad gauge. But we in the UK Brunel used 7'¼" gauge to build the original GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY a lot of the early Dean's locomotives but later converted to 4' gauge when we adopted the standard gauge.
So the US government was looking to standardize behind the metric system. Thomas Jefferson, while Secretary of State, wrote to his French colleagues, who sent a scientist with a kilogram weight for referencing. His ship was blown off course and captured by British privateer who took the scientist captive and held him for ransom. He died in captivity and the weight was auctioned off. It found it's way back to the US government in 1952.
Schwere Gustav was designed to destroy concrete fortifications and was used only once, at the Siege of Sevastopol, the shots it fired completely destroyed Sevastopol's fortifications. To aim it, they pushed or pulled it around a curve, thus changing which direction the gun was pointing as the barrel could only be elevated/depressed.
It was hauled as a train, dismantled on a single track and then assembled on site. (A great target?) As Kevin O said, the setup / aiming tracks were curved.
@@DavidAMcC I believe after the Germans disassembled it and were moving it back to Germany, because they were retreating and didn't want it to fall into Soviet hands, the Germans bombed the train that was carrying the disassembled gun so that the weapon would be destroyed.
Yeah the green and red liveries on the ruby basin are from the Puffing Billy 2ft 6in gauge railroad in Australia, funnily enough the Baldwin 2-6-2 tanks from the line that came over had proper Baldwin liveries.... the livery here is what they inherited from the state wide broad gauge system (Irish broad)..... We as Australians apologise for the gaudy livery, gotta admit though, it looks better on the tanks in real life....
I believe they are legally restricted to heritage colours. They cannot, for example, use Thomas Blue. Search RUclips with "Y112" or "K190" for more Victorian Railways greenness. EDIT: It's actually NA class number 6A that has the green paint.
I think metric is good for measuring temperature in every case but weather, in weather F° acts more as a measurement of safety beyond 0° F and 100° F is when you start needing additional safety precautions and equipment to survive for longer than brief exposure
Coaling towers also depended on the sort of coal a railroad had available. The Great Western Railway in the UK never built a coaling tower, despite being a huge company with receipts to the equivalent of £2bn in 2021, because they used soft welsh coal that would have been dashed to slack by the drop.
In regards to the food convo……My wife used to manage a 7-11 here in WV. And several times a week, like 3-4 the train would call ahead and order pizza, and because the tracks ran right behind the store, they would stop, come get their pizza and drinks, and then be on their way. It was WV so of course it was a coal train, I believe CSX.
on the subject of train elevators, the Chicago Tunnel Company had a bunch to service their customers, the Chicago Tunnel Company or CTC was a narrow gauge subway that connected many of the buildings in downtown chicago with the various stations and freight houses to deliver coal, mail, ash, and other goods and to keep as many delivery trucks off of the already crowded streets. and to get to the basements of some of these buildings they used elevators to lift the cars up from track to the spur that was in many of these buildings.
I Railfan in Meadville Pennsylvania. One of the rail lines run east out of Meadville on the Western New York and Pennsylvania shortline rr through Corry Pennsylvania, the home of the Climax locomotives . The main thing I want to say is Meadville is an interchange for the WNYP with Norfolk Southern. The one day I was waiting for like an hour to Film the NS local leaving, and like 10 minutes before they do, a white van drives past me and goes dashing up along the ROW , to the locomotives and they handed off what I believe to have been a box or two of pizza. I couldn’t help but laugh at what I was watching. A little more on the WNYP shortline, this class 3 rr actually oversees over 300 miles of track and utilizes old four axle alco units, as well as more modern AC6000’s that were repowered with GEVO-16’s. Quite a funny “little” rr
To answer the nascar question yes they do modify the cars, each type of track they have different chassis's for and they tune the engine and adjust the gear ratios. For road courses the fuel tank is on the opposite side of the car compared to when they race on a regular oval track like a short track or superspeedway, the chassis used at road courses is called a L/R chassis and I believe they are lighter and a little bit smaller than a traditional stock car. There are a total of 4 chassis types, short track for facilities like Richmond, Bristol, Martinsville etc, super speedway for Talladega and Dayton, speedway/ mile 1/2 like Charlotte,Texas Atlanta, and road course aka L/R for Sonoma,Cota and Watkins Glenn.
49:25 actually it used to be defined by the average of a certain number of metal weights kept in glass cases across the world, and they would be shipped back to France or England every so often to be re-measured. Now, it's not calculated by an object, but a certain number of silicon atoms. Veritassium made a video on it, it's titled "the roundest object in the world" or whatever
I had a lunchtime experience one, we’re on the Yakima Valley Division in Prosser, I was following the local and they stopped just before the double crossing on the main, and tied down the train for an hour to have lunch at the place right next to the alignment.
Wanna do some research, look for coal mining in central PA, where two railroads used to "race" on either side of the Susquehanna River to reach a junction linking down towards the Philadelphia port. I don't remember the details but the two roads would compete to get loads to the junction first.
So with Nascar, they have dedicated road course cars specifically for left and right turns. With oval track chassis, they do put weight in, though it's more regulated nowadays than it used to be, but they also put a lot of adjustment to camber, caster and toe to make it go left on its own. Drivers have to fight the steering wheel down the straight to keep it from going left
There's a story on a Great Western Railway branch line in the UK. There was a signal on an embankment that had a pub at the bottom of it.. In the time they had to stop at the signal the crew would then sprint down the hill, down the pints that were left on the wall of the pub garden, leave the exact money on the wall next to the empties then dash back up to the loco before the signal changed... Suddenly was reminded of this by the Wendy's story!
@ 43:00 the foot measurement rumored came from king Henry foot, the yard is around the distance of a pace. the Fahrenheit is better described as a percent to understand.
With me having just got the class 48 in my first save I wondered why the sand dome was the further back when I normally see it Infront of the steam dome. When I looked closer I realized it had 4 sand lines plumbed from it almost perfectly straight to the blind driver. Allowing it to also have reverse sand. So it now makes sense why it's sand is where you normally see the steam dome
Oh also on last episodes automated trains topic, most of the underground and our central mainline tunnels, but they very quickly stoped running them without drivers because riders and unions didn't like it. Though they still run automatically to have closer headways and better platform alignment. Also the is still withought PTC on most of the network, we only really got PTC to have automatic trains and even then with GSM as the only continuos communication.
40:00 there are elevators on some slate railways with two platforms (one at the top and one at the bottom) with two tracks each. Not standard gauge or 3ft gauge at all, but still an elevator
Red is the squadron’s name. There is Red, Blue, and Yellow. Red and Blue were fighters, x-wings. And Yellow were the bombers, y-wings. Each had highlights on the respective ships for the pilots to tell who was around them and who the squad leader was talking to at a glance. Later b-wings and a-wings were used in the assault on the second Death Star.
Y’all seem to be remembering the gen 6 NASCAR cup cars. Those were skewed to generate force on the right side to turn left. The left side looked like a normal car, but the right was almost completely flat. While the chassis were different depending on the type of track, they didn’t adjust the skew for a road course, they just had symmetrical setups (like shocks and camber). There were also some super twisted gen 4 cars nicknamed “twisted sisters”. With the gen 7 that came out in 2022, the cars are symmetrical so other than changing the spoiler and diffuser, the same car races on all tracks.
So glad you talked about LD Porta he developed a lot of features to improve thermal efficiency and reduce maintenance costs including lempor ejectors, GPCS, and various other features you can see a lot of his own some site about advanced steam traction and a failed new build project called the 5AT
Chiming in on fahrenheit scale, it's based on the boiling point and freezing point of brine (very salty water). The scale was from 0° (freezing) to 200° (boiling) but then they adjusted the scale so boiling ended up being 212°. So it's based on the properties of a chemical like Celsius is, just with another chemical mixed in.
FYI - Cedar, Pine, Larch etc are evergreens (non deciduous). Coniferous describes a genus of evergreen shrubs and trees that bear cones and have needles for leaves.
I remember you saying once that when on full reg, you are *constantly* shoveling. If they made you have to do that in-game, it might be really interesting! You'd have to take yourself off of the controls and just shovel fairly blindly, or partner up
I'm no expert by far, but it seems the most analagous to a lock system would be a transfer table. You're moving the engine hrorzontly instead of vertically. Also, a lock system doesn't use pumps. It's all drains from one compartment to the next lower compartment. The valvue actuators on the pipes amd the gates are the only electrical equipment in a lock (at least for operations of - there may be support and ancilery equipment, but the actual movement of the water is pure gravity). I did a few searches, and the museum is not listed as having any frequencies assigned to it, or at least under "Coloarodo Railroad Museum". This means it could be assigned under another name (if using railroad frequencies - there are 100 channels assigned for railroad use), or could be using MURs or FRS radios. or a private business class assignment under a specificindividual or parent company. In answer to Kan, the radios used by railroads are FM in the 2 meter and 71 centimeter bands. It's not so much power as line of site between transmitter and receiver. On Class 1 railroads, they have repeaters along the right of way that will tie in either via internet or phone lines, and all the repeaters and dispatch hear what's going on. This is how the DE and hot box detectors send their reports, and the engineer needs to repeat it over the air so the dispatcher knows the train crew was paying attention to what they were doing. Being a ham rdio operator is fun, and figuring out the communications logistics using short range or local communications is like a mechanical engineer figuring out how to build a working piece of machinery. IT's a very satisfying feeling.
I'm not an expert, but on the NASCAR topic, I believe it was true that the Gen 6 cars and older did have totally different chassis for road courses, superspeedways, and intermediates. That becomes quite expensive for teams, especially smaller ones. But, with the new next gen spec car introduced last year, the cars are now symmetric and better balanced between manufacturers. The same chassis can be run on every track in the circuit with the right setup changes. They've adjusted the rules to close the performance gap between well-funded teams and smaller ones, tightening up the racing.
Recently I was on a road that was marked as 6% and was thinking about how steep it was. I couldn't imagine a train doing 6% let alone 10%. I think watching it on a screen really doesn't capture just how steep the grades are.
Verticality do be like that, you see the number 10%, think "a meter every ten meters, fine" and on screen it looks fine, on a model it looks fine but once you see it irl or walk/drive up/down it that one meter seems to matter much more than those ten ever did.
the gustave fired basically a vw bug over the horizon, and could level a city block. It was used at Stalingrad and fired a round every 30 min and has 2 degrees of traverse in each direction and had 3 support brigades with aa defense
The one time I know something about NASCAR! I live near the Watkins Glen International raceway, and the cars they use there are different from the cars used in oval track racing. They're a touch smaller if I remember correctly, and they're set up more like a traditional racecar with emphasis on overall balance. Also, the drivers who do well in oval track don't usually do as well on a road course style track and vice versa. We USED to have Formula One here to, but that's been gone for quite a while.
The Football yard was actually first developed by the Romans as a "step" and the welsh as a "pace", later used by the british as early as the 10th century. Also, for anyone working the CN Chatham Sub, Pizza Tonite is open until like 3am and is literally walking distance from the Via Rail Station.
Mining cars being lifted out of coal mines is definately a thing. A British channel called Lawrie Mechanical Marvals has done a video on an old 2ft gague electric Loco taht was designed to be able to fit on the same lift as the cars. Interesting video, lot's of british narrow gague videos on his channel.
16:45
Kan: repeat after me, I
Hyce: I
Kan: will not,
Hyce: will not,
Kan: Crash the train.
Hyce: Keep the train on the rails for 15 seconds
Hyce: I promise not to derail while I'm gone
*2 seconds later*
Hyce: Uh oh
Edit/addition: Moon landings per Browning High Power*
*If you know you know
He wasn't lying, he just didn't get gone before he derailed
I still assert I wasn't gone yet... Lol
"I promise not to derail" Hyce says while Smells Like Kenosha plays aggressively in the background.
*With the reg and bar at 100% on the curve...*
@@bobschuon5908 Best way to Kenosha it right there
The Waterloo & City line used to have a train elevator that was connected to a siding at Waterloo station, but it was replaced with a crane after a train fell through down the open shaft from a mislined switch. The city of Cincinnati also had funiculars that streetcars would drive onto which would carry them up the hills.
To inclined planes count as train elevators, or are they train escalators?
@@DADeathinacan Elevators are completely vertical
There are inclined elevators though, and some funicular railways have historically been called elevators (such as the Fenlon Place Elevator in Dubuque, IA)
@Jack Morgan I didn't know that existed. Thanks for teaching me something about my own state.
Wait a minute, Chris Eden Green described this accident in his SLIP on the M7!! Man that’s pretty cool!
Kan: “Hyyyyyce I can’t count”
Hyce: “YOU HAVE AN ENGINEERING DEGREE”
Gee and I thought my generation was stupid, we are all DOOMED.
While not bashing kAN (except perhaps for being lazy?) I will point out that I have seen some rather incredibly braincell free individuals with engineering degrees on their walls.
Hey he could work at a bank. In my experience no bankers can do math
Currently working on my Bachelor’s, we can only do calculus, no algebra or basic counting.
This was a joke in another episode. In one of Kan's classes I think everybody but 3 did the calculus right but the algebra wrong.
39:45 lots of railways in the UK had gravity based incline operations - wasn’t quite an elevator but was basically 45+ degrees. the empty cars at the bottom would be attached to a rope (or chain or steel cable) that went up and spooled around a winding mechanism at the top, then looped back down to connect to a cut of full cars. the weight of the full cars traveling downhill would pull the empty cars uphill. mostly on two-foot slate operations in wales but there were a few standard gauge ones!
I predict no, we're gonna have our first Kenosha in a while.
Gustav was actually put to use when they shelled barbarossa I believe. Btw, it took the germans 5 weeks to assemble it. Also, Gustav had a sister, Dora. Yeah... they had 2 of those giant things. Train of Thought has a video on the gustav which should tell you more.
EDIT: Wasn't done watching the video and heard them ask about how they aimed it. Well, that's quite simple: They laid the track in such a way that they coud aim the thing. it might've had a little bit of lateral aiming, but most of the significant aiming was done by literally relaying the track for it.
if I remember correctly they just made a curve in the track, so to aim horizontally they just moved the train forward and back along it. stinkin big gun
I think you mean "Operation Barbarossa". Gustav was first used at Sevastapol, then later used for a little while at Stalingrad, while Dora saw use at Leningrad. Both guns were initially pulled back as the Russian counterattack ramped up, but it became clear very quick that they were useless in the defense of Germany. So both were blown up and then scrapped by the Soviets.
@@sirrliv You're correct, thanks for the correction. Weren't they initially built to shell the marginot line or to lob massive shells at the british (which was something it could quite comfortably do I believe)?
I'd think for transport Gustav and Dora where broken apart to the point where they fit on a normal track.
@@roadtrain_ There was a plan to build a similar gun that would've used rocket-assisted shells to attack London, but the construction of that gun was stopped by bombing.
Also, to do with aiming, the smaller K5 railway guns -- which could fit on any standard rail -- could be aimed not via curved track, but via two perpendicular rails. At the intersection, there would be a small turntable to facilitate transferring one truck to the other track; with one truck on each track, the setup would function much like an Archimedes Trammel, allowing aiming in any direction with a very simple and small setup.
Ultimately why railway guns were favored by the Germans is also the reason they didn't work too well; if you don't have air superiority (necessary for bombing), you use heavy artillery instead. But, if you don't have air superiority, your heavy artillery is easily bombed.
I love how in the live stream hyce was freaking out in a bad way about the update but during the last vid hyce was all chill like we didn't all know the train models really gave hyce a ten inch flat spot on the brain wheel
Yeah listening to the difference had me in stitches cuz i kept hearing him rage in the live stream and seeing his face LMAO
There were successful condensing locomotives used in the South African desert, with these enormous tenders that were basically giant radiators. And the smokeboxes were equipped with mechanical fans to provide draft for the fire instead of the exhaust.
Car shopper: Cargo space?
Dom: Yes
Car shopper, visibly confused: Can it fit the whole family?
Dom: Family.
Dom Toraino
Cargo space?
No, car go road.
lime me up baby
There were quite a few "Wagon lifts" in some locations in Britain. Interestingly, when the London & South-Western Railway built its underground branch (the "Waterloo & City Railway") the depot for the electric trains was underground and the trains were moved to and from that depot for heavy maintenance by a wagon lift in a shaft from the London Waterloo Freight Yard one car at a time. (As Jack Morgan already mentioned below)
Oh yeah, I almost forgot about that. Unfortunately, the Waterloo & City lift was knocked out when an M7 tank engine accidentally fell in (can't recall if the lift was ever repaired after that or not). The shaft is still used to this day whenever London Transport needs to lift cars in or out of the W&S Line since it has no rail connection to any other part of the Underground, though nowadays they hire in cranes to do the lifting.
For the German railway gun, they had an entire battalion to operate one gun. They would build a circular section of track to allow them to aim left to right. Interestingly as well, they had to number the shells and fire them in order because they were slightly larger each time, since they had to account for the wear of the lands and groves of the rifling in the gun tube. And they would have to re-tube the gun after like 60 rounds.
-current artilleryman
they could shoot from france to england with a range of about 38km they also had tracks on top of the train to move the shells from a crane to the cannon itself . they were hidden in traintunnels as easy bunkers so all and all they did have some clever approaches to stuff
Bigger = better
The Y wings were yellow because they were Gold Squadron and the X wings were had red on them because they were Red Squadron.
Nobody wants to fly with brown squadron
@@andrewreynolds4949 yeah. I would fly with Green Squadron though.
kan: "we have options. The switchback or the pain of separating the train"
**a few seconds later**
Hyce: "fine we'll do the switchback"
Kan: **happy Kan noises**
Hyce: **pain**
I love how much of railroading Hyce just explains away as "It's 1905 and we die like men"
“It depends”
So Schwerer Gustav (and its sister Dora) did not travel in a fireable state. the double tracks you see them pictured with were their specifically built firing circles where they were assembled by their dedicated Pioneer divisions. the tracks were also notched to give some recoil absorption and easy aiming. When they were traveling they were dismantled and transported in very long trains. Gustav's scuttled train was captured and thats where we get the picture of the men laying inside Gustav's barrel.
The comment about the rails moving reminded me of something: The West Side Lumber Co actually had a setup at the bottom of the big hill down into Toulumne, where the rails that came down the mountain splayed out across what were basically a pair of switch frogs--just jankier. Basically, as every train came down the hill, it would shove the rails a little bit further out, and at various points the track crews would cut off what had been splayed out from these frogs, take them up the hill, and replace the gap that had opened in the top with the cut off pieces. I really want to see what that looked like, because it just must have been fishplate hell.
Also, there was a neat train "elevator" that was used by the London Tube to get cars down into the tunnels. I know of at least one instance where a Southern Ry M7 class steam engine fell down the damn thing because it shunted back to far.
EDIT: also, the railgun thing: they were aimed through a curve--the guns were fixed. the Gustav twins (Schwerer Gustav and Dora) were both used as well. Gustav shelled the Russians at Sevastopol, and Dora was used during the Warsaw Uprising. It's little sister, Leopold, is still in the US Army collection (somewhere)
Talking about crazy track ballast, there was a wonderful story I read in an old book called "A Treasury of Railroad Folklore," by Botkin and Harlow (which, by the way Hyce, I highly recommend you getting yourself a copy).
Back in the 1890's in Argentine, KS, the Santa Fe had a large yard (still there today, as a matter of fact), where one of the industries serviced was a large lead and silver smelter. Some of the ore brought to the smelter came in sealed boxcars from a mine in Mexico.
One day, a coal hopper loaded with what appeared to be a low grade coarse sand showed up in the Santa Fe's yard without a bill of lading. The yardmaster didn't know what it was, the freight department didn't know either, apparently nobody knew what the deal was with this car. It sits around for about ten days before the yardmaster decides he's gonna do something with it.
He first had it switched over to the sand house to be used for locomotives, but the roundhouse foreman refused the car, saying that it was too coarse to use for engines.
Next the yardmaster tried to pawn it off on a sand and gravel company, mixing in this hopper with half a dozen or so cars of gravel, and then switching the cut into their yard. The sand company almost immediately pitched a fit about this bum load of sand and to get that *insert unmentionable explicative* car out of their yard.
By this time, the yardmaster is about ready to rip his hair out trying to figure out what to do with this carload of sand, when he runs into a section foreman. He asks the foreman if he could use an extra car of ballast, to which the foreman says that yes, he could. Great! The sand is unloaded into the west end of the Santa Fe's Argentine yard, the hopper is back into service, everybody's happy.
About a month later, a car tracer from the home office steps off the morning passenger train and goes straight to the yardmaster's office with a vengeance. He was looking for a missing load of high grade silver ore from Mexico. The car had been traced to the Argentine yard, and was found, but instead of the silver ore, it was loaded with coal slack. He wanted to know where the silver ore was.
The yardmaster remembered the unmarked hopper of coarse sand and bashfully led the tracer to the west end of the yard and showed him the freshly ballasted track. The car tracer was livid, and proceeded to tell the whole world what he thought of a dumb railroader who'd use $200 a ton silver ore for track ballast.
"Well, it was a damn rich piece of track while it lasted," said the yardmaster as a section gang reloaded the ore into another hopper.
How all this madness came to pass is quite simple. The ore loaded in this hopper had originally been loaded into a sealed boxcar, but somewhere on the line it had been involved in an accident, and the ore was transferred from the damaged boxcar into an open hopper, but somebody forgot to update the bill of lading.
Really happy to be a follower on the channel or I never would have known about the museum. And now I'm an ops volunteer there! Super excited to do many hours of service keeping these machines going safely! Thanks Mark!
On the note of fairlie porters, I think Hyce is confusing the German Zwillinge and the French Péchot-Bourdon. The Zwillinge ("Twins" in German) were nested pairs of 0-6-0's with a shared road and works number, distinguished with A and B. They were built for the German army from about the turn of the century to 1905 and saw primary use abroad in colonies, most notably South West Africa. By the time of the First World War, Germany had been producing Brigadelok 0-8-0's instead for roughly 10 years, and iirc those saw wider use on the front lines. The Péchot-Bourdon was just an 0-4-4-0 fairlie variation. Baldwin built a bunch for France during WW1, and the alleged reason the French wanted a fairlie was that they believed enemy fire could damage one boiler or set of valve gear but the locomotive could continue to operate.
Condensing locos were definitely a thing, probably the most famous use was on the London Underground before electric trains took over. They've also been used to conserve water on long routes through desert/arid regions.
In regards to wetting coal, I was just watching Lawrie's Mechanical Marvels' video on the Castle Class 100th anniversary event, and when they loaded coal into the loco there was a significant amount of water mixed into it, I'd assume intentionally because it was being loaded from a covered coal stage. (Basically an elevated shed with flip-down platforms where hand carts full of coal can be rolled out above the tender and dumped into it.)
Lastly, this has already been mentioned to some degree, but there were a number of car lifts in Britain. They made heavy use of viaducts there and had whole elevated yards in some places, and there were several places where one elevated railroad crossed another that was at ground level and there was a need to get cars from one to the other and no space to build a long ramp connecting them so lifts were used. I believe there were also a few cases where they were used to serve industries alongside elevated lines. It probably helps that British rolling stock was absolutely tiny until the late 20th century.
Waiting for Hyce to realize he had the brakes at 100% on the climax
A friend of mine is one of the helpers with the New River Gorge excursion, apparently CSX recently had a locomotive smoke a large bolder going 50 mph in that area… A bolder fell on the track on the opposite side of a bend and the crew couldn’t see it until they was right up on it. As soon as they saw it they slammed on the brakes at 50 mph and hit the bolder going 49 mph.
Luckily everyone survived but had some serious injuries…
8:32 Us Brits always "slaked" our locomotive coal to reduce fire risk and dust, both before loading into the coaler and during locomotive coaling. There's a charming 30s employee safety/efficiency training video here on RUclips under "LMS Engine shed" which I highly recommend. Funnily enough preservation steam on the main line can't slake it's coal because of the overhead wires and the cabs are dirtier to work in as a result
33:33 This was actually done in arid regions like South Africa's Class 25. They used a steam turbine powered fan to generate draught and had RIDICULOUSLY long condensing tenders at around 14m(46ft) long.
39:28 This was used to transfer cars between the Waterloo & City line and the goods yard at Waterloo station. The Waterloo & City is entirely underground, depot included, and has no connection to other lines so this was the only way to transfer stock. The line was owned by the mainline and both are standard gauge so it made sense to interface the 2. By the time it joined London Underground in the 90s the goods yard and Armstrong lift had been removed and they now lower cars through a vertical access shaft.
43:25 In our modern society where we use decimal currency and count in 10s Imperial is very obtuse. However (as much as I hate to admit it as) I have to recognise as a mathematician that the Imperial system makes dividing easier. You know how you can easily split an hour into parts? 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,20,30,60? well 12 divides nicely by 2,3,4,6 and 16 divides by 2,4,8. The other issue with Imperial is the units for length, distance, weight, and volume do not interface. A mile is not a nice number of feet and I'll bet you didn't know a gallon is 231 cubic inches.
Pre-decimal Britain (and other European nations) took this a step further with the currency consisting of L(Pounds)=£, S(Shillings)=£1/20, and D(Pence)=£1/240 and the weight of the coin corresponded to it's value making it easy to count with weighing scales for an uneducated populous. In fact the £ symbol is a stylized L for Lbs.
48:55 The Apollo computers ran in metric because the maths is so much easier, however the values for the displays were converted to Imperial so they would be intuitive to the astronauts.
Also fun fact the US was almost an early adopter of metric:
Imperial measures are from the British empire and the US wanted to use France's new metric system after independence. Then the set of weights and measures France shipped were taken by pirates and the US kept Imperial.
57:37, my sister-in-law grew up in Claremore, OK. its a small town, and when a train stops, it cuts the entire town in half, and BNSF crews used to do this all the time so they could get dunkin donuts, but then the city forced the dunkin donuts to move, and now the town just gets cut in half whenever 2 trains need to pass
Percy should be number 55 or 610 if you're sequence breaking anyway, because 34 should be Rule 34 and 21 is already locked as Kenosha.
Loving this series, you're such a great duo and the chemistry is so good!
How to get demonitized.
Rule 34 loco
@@thatonecaledonian812
No, I don't think that would happen.
The discussion is only academic now, as a train 34 is already in use.
there were a number of condensing locomotives, those usually had a draft fan in the smokebox. the germans had some 200 BR52 with condensing Tenders for Russia and Africa, the south african class 25 which ran from 1953 to 1987 were 90 big Northerns with a condeser tender.
Wasn't the condenser also bigger than a railcar?.
Only the Railway guns had setups where you needed two Locomotives on parallel track to pull it. And yes the German's did fire them in warfare on multiple occasions till the guns were either destroyed or the tracks were destroyed to the point the guns couldn't be moved to firing positions. Only 3 were made and only one survived to be disassembled by the Americans.
40:10 there is the "Oberweißbacher Bergbahn" in Germany which can lift small 4 wheel standard gauge cars up an 25% incline using a special transfer car. I guess you could count that as a train-elevator
16:50 that whezz
18:41 the timing with the hand brake makes it so much beter i love this channel.❤
I expected the Kenosha on the 10% and was really surprised when it didn't happen. Then we get to a nice not-spicy have-to-work-to-crash-here piece of track and why am I hearing the first verse?????? Then Hyce reminds me that he can Kenosha anything anywhere. 😂
The whole "it depends" thing has been making me laugh/giving me flashbacks for a while now, because my engineering stats prof as an undergrad was the same way and he drove us all nuts. By the end of the term we were debating going down to EE where his wife was a prof and asking what he said at the altar. The difference is that Prof. Hyce actually explains in concise layman's terms what depends on what and why!!
Thanks for another fun episode, fellas. If y'all buy that Ruby Basin eyesore, I might want put on the unalive list, and I'm going to have a stopwatch for Kenosha.
44:53 Proud Yankee here, I completely agree with Kan. Once you’ve had to do hydrodynamic or thermodynamic stuff or weights and centers in US units, you will learn to vehemently hate having to deal with feet, inches, and eights, pounds force vs pounds mass vs slugs, and BTUs. The conversion factors alone could fill a book.
I think the best bet to up the preformance of your locomotive for your fast and furious steam edition would be a welded safety valve :P What could go wrong.
Kan falling off the climax and Hyce saying people die on the railroad gives me Million ways to die in the wild west "people die at the fair" vibes😂
On the topic of railroads renumbering engines, here is the saga of Flying Scotsmans number:
Original Great Northern number: 1472
1st LNER number: 4472
2nd LNER number (Edward Thompson): 502
3rd LNER Number (Peppercorn): 103
British Railways number: 60103
5 numbers in the span of just under 20 years
And if you want it's Tops Number for running on the main network it's 98872 and it's located in the cab
I like my Winchester Model 1894 in .32 Winchester Special. Kicks like a mule, booms like thunder rather than a crack like a fighter jet (used to work on a US AFB, got my share of sonic booms from F-15s coming in at 150 feet over my head for a few years). Your shoulder will be sore for a week after 10 shots, two weeks if you do a full box of 20 at the range. My great-grandpa used to hunt deer and even an elk or two with it. I remember hearing a story long ago about an engineer or fireman on some logging railroad in the Pacific Northwest who was loved by the loggers because he would pop a deer with a Winchester lever-action from the cab of his locomotive (no idea which of the geared three it was) and would then skin and butcher it and then even cook it using his engine, kept them better fed than the lumber company itself. And I had a feeling the 6.5% had a wrench waiting for you two, heh… good effort, though! Finally got the game myself, and already to the iron mine myself in just 3 days, but LORDY do I ever have a load more respect for you and kAN, laying track is a PAIN… probably easier for you two being engineers and doing mental math easily. Math hates me, my brain works on retaining historical information, so math is… just forget it for me, heh.
I still vote Tenmile for #21 “Kenosha” with antler headlights just because it looks so crazy, you might think the designer was drunk… plus, who else could bin it on that hill, like in your livestream?
57:50 so Fun fact! When I was younger I used to do delivery for a pizza place. We had a call for a delivery at road that didn't have any houses on it but were told we were delivering to a Train. I got the order, and we figured it was just going to be a prank or some homeless. Sure enough, parked just short of the crossing to allow road traffic through was a pair of CSX Locomotives pulling tanker cars. There'd been a problem ahead of them so they were told to stop here and were looking at a 2 or 3 hour delay, so they went "Screw it" and ordered a pizza to see if we'd come. We all had a good laugh and I got to go in the Cab for little bit. Good dudes, tipped well too!
The portage railroad in PA used to haul cars up by cables after the canals started going away. Later they built an actual railroad grade up the mountain before the PRR took over
Hi Hyce, I commented on last video about lowering the music volume and wanted to say that this video was perfect. Can still hear the awesome music in the background while yours and kAn's voices are in the foreground. :)
1:07:05: Yes, there are people in the comments that would know. Schwerer Gustav could naturally only pitch up and down; lateral aim was (ingeniously) achieved by the track shape. Emplacement tracks for Gustav were laid in an arc, so by moving the whole artillery piece back or forth on the tracks you could change the direction of its aim. This allowed the gun to be exceptionally precise despite its massive size.
It actually was used in the war; it first saw action in spring of '42 in the Siege of Sevastopol, and it was ultimately destroyed by German soldiers themselves in April '45 to keep it from falling into Allied hands.
Springdale Power Plant was from the Harmarville was fed from the Springdale coal mine under the Allegheny River via two tunnels, one inbound and one outbound with carts of coal. Individual cars would be elevated out of the ground, dumped, and lowered back underground. My grandfather was a mining engineer for AP Coal at said mine as a management employee and surveyed it.
39:25 Locks don’t involve any pumping. They just let water in on the upstream side and out on the downstream side. They’re entirely powered by the difference in height between the water level above and below the lock.
As an "working" engineer, the freedom vs science units just means that I do unit conversions. A lot. Also the tons (tonnes) is burnt into my brain: short tons, long tons (boats & iron ore), metric tonnes: 2000lb, 2204lbs, 2240 lbs.
The US doesn't use metric because it would cost an exorbitant amount of money to change over all tooling and measuring devices. I was a machinist and I thought about this while looking at my very expensive box of micrometers.
that, and the amount of confusion/pushback from the general public
I’ve been trying to teach my friends how to drift in Forza, and one of the things I told them is that when you’re properly drifting it’s just like driving on ice. When you said you have a lot less braking power when wheels are stopped idk why it made me think of that, but that’s just how I make sense of drifting.
1:05:44 Well the aerospace company ULA rolls out their rockets on trains to the pad with 2 parallel tracks and 2 engines but idk if that counts.
Cedars are related to pines, as both are in the Pinaceae family. The difference is, pines are in the Pinus genus, whereas cedars are in the Cedras genus.
43:20 I read somewhere that the reason for the seemingly weird Imperial units is that for most human operations, it's incredibly useful to be able to divide evenly by 2, 3, and 4. Metric divides evenly by 2, 5, and occasionally 4, so dividing a meter by 3 doesn't really work well.
Scientific and engineering math is honestly the only place where Imperial is absolutely worse, but the average person isn't doing engineering math.
i heard the smells like Kenosha just barely start up in the background over the noise of switching out cars in derail valley and you guys talking and i heard it for like one and a half seconds and my head immediately snapped to look at my second monitor and now my neck hurts, no regrets.
I'm so glad I found hyce's channel, so many railroading facts and information given freely. I can't wait for the next on-
Wait, what song is playing in the background?
The difference between the Imperial system and the metric system is how the units are divided. In Metric it's all based on 10, in imperial it's all either doubled or tripled. This gives the metric system a slight advantage in ease of use when dealing with precision, while the imperial system has a slight edge during everyday use.
A quick note on the condenser locomotive concept - it did end up being developed and having uses in particular cases. The metropolitan railway (one of the London Underground Precursors) A and B class locomotives were both condensers, and SAR (South African Railways) had condensers, such as the Class 25 (a 4-8-4) due to the lack of sufficient water supply when crossing the Karoo and going into Namibia. The Class 25 had a steam turbine in the smokebox and tradition holds that it performed better than the locomotives that were not fitted with the condenser.
Just when I got through 2 hours of Hyce designing a locomotive frame, MORE TRAINS! Who needs sleep.. 😅
Mee😅😂😂
@@gaminghub8108 you raise a good point, but im dumb and trying to validate poor life choices to myself 😂
I ain't crew, but the first time I took the Empire builder out to Seattle, I ordered takeout from a restaurant I knew in Redwing MN. and had a friend of mine run it down to me at the station. Crew looked kind envious they didn't get any. :P
Back to the metric conversation, it's funny. In the injection molding shop that I work at on my side of Pennsylvania, we do a mix of imperial and metric. The temperatures and stuff are in Fahrenheit but the positions and speeds are in mm and mm/s. And I've gotten very use to that.
Edit: Also forgot to mention we do our weights and grams also. Like when adding color and other additives.
Train crews stopping for lunch: There's a spot in my hometown of San Marcos, TX, actually pretty close to my house, where there's a signal just shy of an interstate crossing (which being Texas means both the elevated freeway itself plus parallel access roads on either side). On the other side of the highway there's a cluster of restaurants; a McDonald's, a Wendy's, a Taco Cabana, a local fast food Mexican place, even a couple sit-down places; an IHOP, a Saltgrass steakhouse, a Chuy's Mexican. And there is a long standing tradition that when trains get stopped at that signal the crews will tie her down, dismount, walk up the tracks under the highway, and grab a round of burgers or a bag of tacos for the road; if it's a long stop they'll even sit down and eat in the restaurant.
Interlinked locomotives: Some of the first steam engines imported to Japan in 1871 were the Class 190 2-4-0t. Built by Dubs of Glasgow, these two engines, numbers 9 & 10, were originally intended to be semi-permanently coupled back to back to form sort of an el-cheapo double fairlie for use on heavy freight trains. To this end they were delivered with no brakes. At all. None, not even handbrakes. The idea was that while working in tandem the engine facing backwards would pull against the train's momentum and stop it that way. But this arrangement meant that in order to be able to 1. stop, and 2. couple to anything else when working on their own, each loco also had to come with its own bespoke brake van, which made operations with them very awkward; if the engine was somewhere where their brake van wasn't, they could only pull things cab-first, and had to rely on the train's brake van to stop. Add to this huge boxy water tanks that covered most of the running gear so oiling up was a nightmare (plus they just looked ugly) and a cab that was fully open on the back and mostly open on the sides making it super drafty and not giving much protection from the weather and limiting coal space to the top of the side tanks, and the end result was that both British and Japanese crews HATED these engines; of the initial 10 2-4-0t's ordered from 5 different builders to see whose were best, the Dubs pair were by far the worst. They weren't even needed for freight work; Sharp-Steward had delivered a pair of 0-4-2 tender engines to take care of that. By 1873, after just 3 years of work the Japanese were fed up with them and had both rebuilt with proper steam brakes and better cabs. They were rebuilt again in 1895 along more conventional lines before being eventually being sold to a private railway company in 1911 and eventually both scrapped in 1927.
Multi-track trains: A magazine illustration from 1885 showed a plan to build a colossal portage railroad to carry ships across the isthmus of Panama. 3 broad gauge tracks would run parallel with a trio of colossal double fairlies hauling an enormous flatcar with a full sized ocean liner loaded onto a cradle onto it. Details on exact operations are sketchy; presumably there would be a run-round loop, or some sources claim a mammoth turntable at the top of the grade so that the whole lot could descend backwards to the opposite ocean. Obviously this was never built, but there was a brief window when this hairbrained scheme actually seemed more plausible than digging a canal.
Trench Railways: I almost wrote my undergrad thesis on this (until my professor, who knew me well, forbid me from writing any topic related to trains; I even half-joked that even the word "Train" was verboten. She was trying to challenge me to think outside the box, plus I think years of me bringing them up in her classes had just annoyed her), but the potted version is that yes, little 2ft temporary narrow gauge railways would be used mainly to move supplies and troops from the nearest supply depots and standard gauge railheads to dump sites nearer the front, mostly because 1. little trains were much more readily available thanks to the French and Welsh mining industries and tramways before the war, and 2. the chewed up artillery-bombarded ground was virtually impassible to trucks or horse-drawn wagons in many places, but little trains could weave through the gaps more easily. All sorts of locomotives were used by all sides (yes, the Germans had them too, the Heeresfeldbahn), the main requirements being 1. light weight for the temporary track, 2. quick to mass produce, and 3. easy to maintain and repair. It was rare for trench railways to run all the way up to the front lines, and often where they did only diesel and petrol locomotives were allowed as they didn't want the enemy to see and target the smoke of a steam engine. After the war many trench locomotives were sold as surplus back into civilian industry; many rural logging railways in Romania and former Yugoslavia still use German trench trains, and the character of Smudger from the Rev. Awdry's "Railway Series" was based on a real American trench engine sold to a Welsh railway only to prove to be a cheaply built piece of junk.
Major nascar teams have multiple back up cars as well as cars set up for strictly oval and cars set up for road courses.
The main stipulation is that for each race one car can be used from first practice to the end of the race and can only be replaced by a backup if the original inspected vehicle wrecks in practice or qualifying at the expense of starting at the rear of the pack.
2 Major benefits of Imperial, 1, Fahrenheit is more Accurite then Celsius (IE 10 F. Thermostats will be closer to agreeing to each other then 10 C. thermostats,) And 2, Imperial is FAAAARRR more accurite for Machining/Manufacturing IE. Imperial bolt thread has a tighter fit then metric, etc, (also most the world boasts about metric being superior, But all metric sockets are driven by a 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4 or 1 inch drive ratchet xD) And if you hate converting metric and imperial, Lemme tell ya about Wentward Standard!
Quick thing about larger caliber fire arms. The barrels generally move to offset the force being hit into your hands or shoulders. For example the barrett 50. Cal, you can see the barrel push back after firing. Some shotguns even have it like in some brownings.
You can also look at artillery and naval guns. With those the have to move or they would blow the barrel straight out the back. So with all this rambling I'm sure the German rail gun had a barrel the moved to reduce it to not blow it off the tracks.
Percy? I'd have said with the boxy sides and longer wheelbase the Ruby Basin in nuclear green is CLEARLY Duck!
Fun fact 2, it was very common in logging and mining to use cables to pull cars up and down very steep grades, in CA there was a logging operation that zip lined log cars across a huge canyon
Artillery trains were actually quite a common sight before the advent of bomber aircraft.
For aiming, they usually took one of two track layouts, either a circular track or a equilateral wye. or where specific track was laid, it was often relaid to improve aiming.
With regards recoil, i believe they would allow the train to roll on the track in some cases.
39:30
Yeah aaaactually 🤣 The Laas marble railway in Italy is a 1.000mm narrow gauge railway (so not far from 3ft gauge) for transporting marble from the mountains down to the valley. It is devided in two parts - which are connected by a funicular. So the loaded cars on their way down (and empties on the way back) are transported by the funicular. The normal parts of the railway have a max. grade of about 10‰, the funicular is at about 500‰.
About 49:00 - yeah and then they tried sending something to space in imperial, I think it was some survey bot for Mars, and they got lost in conversions and the parachute was seven times too small or something like that? ;-)
With kaN talking about the pound being defined as a fraction of the kilogram prototype - I wonder if it is still like that? This would really be hilarious, since the kilogram isn't defined by that physical object any more, to metric that's just (admittedly quite recent) history. All SI units (so all seven base units of the metric system) are defined out of universal natural phenomena, with the kilogram being defined based on the metre (which comes from the speed of light), second (which comes from the frequency of a specific atomic transition of Caesium-133) and the Planck constant. The edit of the SI definitions, where the kilogram was redefined away from the physical prototype, got rid of all human made artifacts in all SI definitions. All SI units are now direct derivatives of universal natural phenomena.
1h05 - there was some lock with two locomotives running parallel on both sides of the lock to pull the ships along. Does this count? xD
good heavens hahahaha
Big NASCAR fan here, as of last year, the Cup series car has a symmetrical body, the bodies that are twisted to turn left aren’t allowed anymore, they gotta run straight. Kinda neat!
Two sets of locomotives on parallel tracks pulling one platform was also used at Baikonur to deliver the superheavy rockets from assembly building to the launch pads. But there literally were 6 launches total (4 launch failures of N1, 2 successful launches of Energia) from that launch facility.
The Panama canal uses tug trains that run parallel either side of the canal to tow ships through the locks..
Also China uses 8' gauge on metro system. Russia and few other countries had 5' gauge seems to be more of Aisa thing to use broad gauge. But we in the UK Brunel used 7'¼" gauge to build the original GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY a lot of the early Dean's locomotives but later converted to 4' gauge when we adopted the standard gauge.
So the US government was looking to standardize behind the metric system. Thomas Jefferson, while Secretary of State, wrote to his French colleagues, who sent a scientist with a kilogram weight for referencing. His ship was blown off course and captured by British privateer who took the scientist captive and held him for ransom. He died in captivity and the weight was auctioned off. It found it's way back to the US government in 1952.
Schwere Gustav was designed to destroy concrete fortifications and was used only once, at the Siege of Sevastopol, the shots it fired completely destroyed Sevastopol's fortifications. To aim it, they pushed or pulled it around a curve, thus changing which direction the gun was pointing as the barrel could only be elevated/depressed.
It was hauled as a train, dismantled on a single track and then assembled on site. (A great target?) As Kevin O said, the setup / aiming tracks were curved.
@@DavidAMcC I believe after the Germans disassembled it and were moving it back to Germany, because they were retreating and didn't want it to fall into Soviet hands, the Germans bombed the train that was carrying the disassembled gun so that the weapon would be destroyed.
Oh that's smart.
Yeah the green and red liveries on the ruby basin are from the Puffing Billy 2ft 6in gauge railroad in Australia, funnily enough the Baldwin 2-6-2 tanks from the line that came over had proper Baldwin liveries.... the livery here is what they inherited from the state wide broad gauge system (Irish broad).....
We as Australians apologise for the gaudy livery, gotta admit though, it looks better on the tanks in real life....
I believe they are legally restricted to heritage colours. They cannot, for example, use Thomas Blue. Search RUclips with "Y112" or "K190" for more Victorian Railways greenness.
EDIT: It's actually NA class number 6A that has the green paint.
I think metric is good for measuring temperature in every case but weather, in weather F° acts more as a measurement of safety beyond 0° F and 100° F is when you start needing additional safety precautions and equipment to survive for longer than brief exposure
Coaling towers also depended on the sort of coal a railroad had available. The Great Western Railway in the UK never built a coaling tower, despite being a huge company with receipts to the equivalent of £2bn in 2021, because they used soft welsh coal that would have been dashed to slack by the drop.
In regards to the food convo……My wife used to manage a 7-11 here in WV. And several times a week, like 3-4 the train would call ahead and order pizza, and because the tracks ran right behind the store, they would stop, come get their pizza and drinks, and then be on their way. It was WV so of course it was a coal train, I believe CSX.
on the subject of train elevators, the Chicago Tunnel Company had a bunch to service their customers, the Chicago Tunnel Company or CTC was a narrow gauge subway that connected many of the buildings in downtown chicago with the various stations and freight houses to deliver coal, mail, ash, and other goods and to keep as many delivery trucks off of the already crowded streets. and to get to the basements of some of these buildings they used elevators to lift the cars up from track to the spur that was in many of these buildings.
I Railfan in Meadville Pennsylvania. One of the rail lines run east out of Meadville on the Western New York and Pennsylvania shortline rr through Corry Pennsylvania, the home of the Climax locomotives . The main thing I want to say is Meadville is an interchange for the WNYP with Norfolk Southern. The one day I was waiting for like an hour to
Film the NS local leaving, and like 10 minutes before they do, a white van drives past me and goes dashing up along the ROW , to the locomotives and they handed off what I believe to have been a box or two of pizza. I couldn’t help but laugh at what I was watching. A little more on the WNYP shortline, this class 3 rr actually oversees over 300 miles of track and utilizes old four axle alco units, as well as more modern AC6000’s that were repowered with GEVO-16’s. Quite a funny “little” rr
To answer the nascar question yes they do modify the cars, each type of track they have different chassis's for and they tune the engine and adjust the gear ratios. For road courses the fuel tank is on the opposite side of the car compared to when they race on a regular oval track like a short track or superspeedway, the chassis used at road courses is called a L/R chassis and I believe they are lighter and a little bit smaller than a traditional stock car. There are a total of 4 chassis types, short track for facilities like Richmond, Bristol, Martinsville etc, super speedway for Talladega and Dayton, speedway/ mile 1/2 like Charlotte,Texas Atlanta, and road course aka L/R for Sonoma,Cota and Watkins Glenn.
57:41
*Driver stuck at rail crossing:* Damn, whats taking this freight train so long to get going again?
*Engineer:* borgor and fries 🍔
49:25 actually it used to be defined by the average of a certain number of metal weights kept in glass cases across the world, and they would be shipped back to France or England every so often to be re-measured. Now, it's not calculated by an object, but a certain number of silicon atoms. Veritassium made a video on it, it's titled "the roundest object in the world" or whatever
I had a lunchtime experience one, we’re on the Yakima Valley Division in Prosser, I was following the local and they stopped just before the double crossing on the main, and tied down the train for an hour to have lunch at the place right next to the alignment.
1:07 The gun was used on a curved section of track and was aimed by moving forward or back ward along the curve.
Wanna do some research, look for coal mining in central PA, where two railroads used to "race" on either side of the Susquehanna River to reach a junction linking down towards the Philadelphia port. I don't remember the details but the two roads would compete to get loads to the junction first.
So with Nascar, they have dedicated road course cars specifically for left and right turns. With oval track chassis, they do put weight in, though it's more regulated nowadays than it used to be, but they also put a lot of adjustment to camber, caster and toe to make it go left on its own. Drivers have to fight the steering wheel down the straight to keep it from going left
There's a story on a Great Western Railway branch line in the UK. There was a signal on an embankment that had a pub at the bottom of it..
In the time they had to stop at the signal the crew would then sprint down the hill, down the pints that were left on the wall of the pub garden, leave the exact money on the wall next to the empties then dash back up to the loco before the signal changed...
Suddenly was reminded of this by the Wendy's story!
@ 43:00 the foot measurement rumored came from king Henry foot, the yard is around the distance of a pace. the Fahrenheit is better described as a percent to understand.
With me having just got the class 48 in my first save I wondered why the sand dome was the further back when I normally see it Infront of the steam dome. When I looked closer I realized it had 4 sand lines plumbed from it almost perfectly straight to the blind driver. Allowing it to also have reverse sand. So it now makes sense why it's sand is where you normally see the steam dome
Oh also on last episodes automated trains topic, most of the underground and our central mainline tunnels, but they very quickly stoped running them without drivers because riders and unions didn't like it. Though they still run automatically to have closer headways and better platform alignment. Also the is still withought PTC on most of the network, we only really got PTC to have automatic trains and even then with GSM as the only continuos communication.
40:00 there are elevators on some slate railways with two platforms (one at the top and one at the bottom) with two tracks each. Not standard gauge or 3ft gauge at all, but still an elevator
Red is the squadron’s name.
There is Red, Blue, and Yellow.
Red and Blue were fighters, x-wings. And Yellow were the bombers, y-wings.
Each had highlights on the respective ships for the pilots to tell who was around them and who the squad leader was talking to at a glance.
Later b-wings and a-wings were used in the assault on the second Death Star.
Y’all seem to be remembering the gen 6 NASCAR cup cars. Those were skewed to generate force on the right side to turn left. The left side looked like a normal car, but the right was almost completely flat. While the chassis were different depending on the type of track, they didn’t adjust the skew for a road course, they just had symmetrical setups (like shocks and camber). There were also some super twisted gen 4 cars nicknamed “twisted sisters”. With the gen 7 that came out in 2022, the cars are symmetrical so other than changing the spoiler and diffuser, the same car races on all tracks.
So glad you talked about LD Porta he developed a lot of features to improve thermal efficiency and reduce maintenance costs including lempor ejectors, GPCS, and various other features you can see a lot of his own some site about advanced steam traction and a failed new build project called the 5AT
Chiming in on fahrenheit scale, it's based on the boiling point and freezing point of brine (very salty water). The scale was from 0° (freezing) to 200° (boiling) but then they adjusted the scale so boiling ended up being 212°.
So it's based on the properties of a chemical like Celsius is, just with another chemical mixed in.
FYI - Cedar, Pine, Larch etc are evergreens (non deciduous). Coniferous describes a genus of evergreen shrubs and trees that bear cones and have needles for leaves.
I remember you saying once that when on full reg, you are *constantly* shoveling. If they made you have to do that in-game, it might be really interesting! You'd have to take yourself off of the controls and just shovel fairly blindly, or partner up
I'm no expert by far, but it seems the most analagous to a lock system would be a transfer table. You're moving the engine hrorzontly instead of vertically.
Also, a lock system doesn't use pumps. It's all drains from one compartment to the next lower compartment. The valvue actuators on the pipes amd the gates are the only electrical equipment in a lock (at least for operations of - there may be support and ancilery equipment, but the actual movement of the water is pure gravity).
I did a few searches, and the museum is not listed as having any frequencies assigned to it, or at least under "Coloarodo Railroad Museum". This means it could be assigned under another name (if using railroad frequencies - there are 100 channels assigned for railroad use), or could be using MURs or FRS radios. or a private business class assignment under a specificindividual or parent company.
In answer to Kan, the radios used by railroads are FM in the 2 meter and 71 centimeter bands. It's not so much power as line of site between transmitter and receiver. On Class 1 railroads, they have repeaters along the right of way that will tie in either via internet or phone lines, and all the repeaters and dispatch hear what's going on. This is how the DE and hot box detectors send their reports, and the engineer needs to repeat it over the air so the dispatcher knows the train crew was paying attention to what they were doing.
Being a ham rdio operator is fun, and figuring out the communications logistics using short range or local communications is like a mechanical engineer figuring out how to build a working piece of machinery. IT's a very satisfying feeling.
I'm not an expert, but on the NASCAR topic, I believe it was true that the Gen 6 cars and older did have totally different chassis for road courses, superspeedways, and intermediates. That becomes quite expensive for teams, especially smaller ones. But, with the new next gen spec car introduced last year, the cars are now symmetric and better balanced between manufacturers. The same chassis can be run on every track in the circuit with the right setup changes. They've adjusted the rules to close the performance gap between well-funded teams and smaller ones, tightening up the racing.
33:20, so that's why #491 has a cyclone front end. So it helps to create a better draft for the firebox.
Recently I was on a road that was marked as 6% and was thinking about how steep it was. I couldn't imagine a train doing 6% let alone 10%. I think watching it on a screen really doesn't capture just how steep the grades are.
Verticality do be like that, you see the number 10%, think "a meter every ten meters, fine" and on screen it looks fine, on a model it looks fine but once you see it irl or walk/drive up/down it that one meter seems to matter much more than those ten ever did.
the gustave fired basically a vw bug over the horizon, and could level a city block. It was used at Stalingrad and fired a round every 30 min and has 2 degrees of traverse in each direction and had 3 support brigades with aa defense
The one time I know something about NASCAR! I live near the Watkins Glen International raceway, and the cars they use there are different from the cars used in oval track racing. They're a touch smaller if I remember correctly, and they're set up more like a traditional racecar with emphasis on overall balance. Also, the drivers who do well in oval track don't usually do as well on a road course style track and vice versa. We USED to have Formula One here to, but that's been gone for quite a while.
The Football yard was actually first developed by the Romans as a "step" and the welsh as a "pace", later used by the british as early as the 10th century.
Also, for anyone working the CN Chatham Sub, Pizza Tonite is open until like 3am and is literally walking distance from the Via Rail Station.
Mining cars being lifted out of coal mines is definately a thing. A British channel called Lawrie Mechanical Marvals has done a video on an old 2ft gague electric Loco taht was designed to be able to fit on the same lift as the cars. Interesting video, lot's of british narrow gague videos on his channel.