Before the Big Bang 3: String Theory Cosmology
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- Опубликовано: 5 окт 2024
- This series of films explores current views from leading scientists on what may have happened before the big bang.
In our first film in this series we interviewed Abhay Ashtekar the father of loop quantum gravity and loop quantum cosmology to see what it had to say about the nature of the big bang.
In this film, we look at some of the approaches inspired by string theory. Here we interview the father of string theory, Gabriele Veneziano, also one of the first to try and apply it to the big bang.
But string theory has more than one approach to the issue of what was before the big bang, if anything. So in this film we also interview David Wands, Professor of Cosmology and Director of the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation at the University of Portsmouth, who has reviewed several string inspired models. Professor Mairi Sakellariadou of King’s College London who specialises in applying quantum gravity models to the early universe. Lastly, Ali Nayeri, who works on a model of the universe known as “string gas cosmology”.
As in our previous films we discuss some of the challenges these theories face, and how they might be experimentally tested. As well as looking at other issues such as is there a mulitverse and did the universe have a beginning?
All of the scientists who were interviewed for the film were given a draft for any corrections or clarifications. All approved it for publication. One additional clarification Mairi Sakellariadou wanted to add was “My discussion about space-time dimensionality refers to the string gas scenario, namely the decompactification of 3 spatial dimensions (the interplay between winding and momentum modes, the duality between large and small spaces).
My paper refers to the brane scenario: within the higher dim bulk, branes of all dim are embedded and as we have shown interactions between branes lead to the decay of higher dim branes while 3dim and 1dim branes remain; one of the former could play the role of our universe while the latter are the so-called cosmic superstrings, the analogues of field theoretical 1dim topological defects, called cosmic strings.”
It should be noted that since this film was made the BICEP results were shown to be consistent with dust from foregrounds, rather than gravity waves.
Animations provided by Ali Nayeri and Alex Bennett.
Music is from Sigur Ros and is used with permission, see their web site FAq , music use:
“can i use music by sigur rós in my film or video?”you can use sigur rós's music as long as it won't be used for commercial purposes”.
If you are wondering who is viewing this complex scientific video I am a simple, curious 61 year old women in the USA who is grateful to these inspiring giants of physics.
Thanks, glad you liked it
I’m simply a duck, but I’m not proud of it.
Nice to meet you, I am happy to hear you like it :)
Thank you
@@omametlekkerkontje8744
Sound starts 1:03
thank you so much for producing these videos - outstanding.
It gives me a warm fuzzy feeling that there are people prepared to go to so much effort just to Educate and share ideas
If it's not to much trouble I would love to watch that with the sound fixed. Is a reupload possible? :D
Same
Thank you, skydivephil for your wonderful videos! You are the only one who does these things! Keep it coming!
Its a shame that at times the sound cuts out when the lady presenter is speaking, would be nice to hear what she is saying, however another fantastic video, thank you, great ideas to ponder on.
Thank you so much for this fantastic production. I have read Brian Greene's Fabric of the Cosmos and this has been an excellent material to allow me to better understand the ideas and concepts introduced.
you are welcome
Thank you for delving into this amazing topic, something I have been deeply curious about, since I was a young child. I love to see that people are studying and working on trying to figure out how it all began, or maybe it never had a "beginning" as we think of it to be.
This is an excellent informative cutting edge clip that I need to watch again and again to digest it better. And really how much is changed in such a short time, referring to my own classic physic training. How much we know now, or how much we didn't know then... Worrisome, at least concerning is where are we going with this logarithmic scale learned new information, in near future.
This should be broadcast on PBS.
Wonderful presentation and please keep up this wonderful job.
Very interesting series. Thanks for sharing
Thanks
Am I alone in having the sound cut out in many places in this most excellent programme. This is a fascinating series of physics thank you all very much
no , , we sued music from Sigur Ross, on their web site they were clear that we were allowed to use it. But youtube decided otherwise and so those bits with their music are deleted form the audio soundtrack . Sorry about that .
@@PhilHalper1 wow. lubetoob strikes again
@@PhilHalper1 well, a reupload then?
@@n0rie9a I dont know where the old file is to be honest sorry
Yaay she got a mic upgrade. Sounds way better than the first two episodes!
There's no sound until 1:15
I'm amazed to be able to watch these "Giants" whose shoulders future scientists will stand on like Newton once did are explaining their ideas!
thanks
Great job and great series.....wish I had found it sooner!
I'm glad I'm not a deaf person trying to follow this. The subtitles are chock full of mistakes. I suppose they're better than nothing but it would take a much better intelligence than mine to decipher the actual words while watching this. Anyway, interesting stuff. I do wonder whether trying to interpret reality in terms of ideas we, or at least I, can conceive, membranes, strings, waves, points, red shift &c is possible but I applaud these theoreticians for doing their best
The videos about loop quantum gravity and the cyclic universe-model of penrose were much more interesting! But thanks for the upload!
As I understand it, “string theory” simply refers to unprovable vibrating strings of energy as the foundation of the observable universe. Energy? That is simply a form of matter (matter speeded up). We are back to square one. There must be something more fundamental than energy/matter. Some kind of field? Quantum field? Inflaton field? Some primordial force with zero entropy and perfect symmetry?
Oh wow Dr. Venaziano. Cool to see the face i asked the top question on google about relating to the Euler Beta function.
Awesome! Some sound missing at the beginning, end and somewhere briefly in the middle.
yeah we had to take music off for copyright issues sorry about that
I am a simpleton in technical aspects of these discussions, however the thought of a black hole being the birthplace of a new universe came to me as a child. It just made sense that this vacuum cleans up an area of space and essentially recycles the matter.
this idea will be the subject a of film we will be releasing sometime at the end of this year or beginning of ext. Make sure you subscribe.
Unfortunately the audio gets cut out in places with - presumably - background music. Google's deepcensor machine probably classifies it as copyrighted material. Perhaps file a complaint to Google?
Very informative but maddening that the audio comes and goes.
I am writing this in Dec '17 and I'm wondering which is the favoured theory after 3 yrs of observations and the finding of gravity waves from collisions, or if it is still too soon.
The gravity waves found so far are from astrophysical sources and so are irrelevant to cosmology. We need to build something like the Big Bang Observer to probe early universe cosmology and that is at least many decades away
@@PhilHalper1 how big/expensive would that be?
@@b.griffin317 Very big… up to 12 satellites in solar orbit. And extremely expensive. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_Observer
Suggestion: Do one with Lee Smolin next.
Very interesting serie. Thank you for your effort.
I cant get my head around string theory I like Penrose idea better
Thinking about a "big bounce", wouldn't everything from the previous bounce have to come back together in a homogenous, simultaneous way? There are quantum fluctuations in the previous iteration as a new universe is spun off. Stuff happens over eons of time, eventually reversing and collapsing in a way in which would seem to make that unlikely. For example, in our human scale, if we throw a handful of sand in the air (or even a vacuum), it's unlikely that every sand grain hits the ground at the same time.
Some decades ago, Frank Tipper (iirc) wrote a book about that.
great work, thx for shearing
thanks
Radiohead- There There melody @ 1:30 big mood.
please make this available for download.
Watching again, for the umpteenth time!
Glad you like it , have you seen the others in the series?
@@PhilHalper1 - Each one, many times over! I'm a geek.
@@RooBot glad you liked them
Excellent videos! Thank you.
Through vibration we could possibly move through dimensions. With enough energy through colision, open it up.
Or check out before the big bang #6-can the universe create itself. And the one that recognizes the feedback loop.
Why is the sound missing for the first minute?
we had music which we had permission for but youtube isnisted we remove it, when we did the whole audio was removed .
Veneziano is not the father of string theory, Holger Bech Nielsen is! The latter was the first to suggest the string perspective of physics.
Yey! You were in Pompey!
I used to listen to that Sigur Ros song all the time, can't remember the name off the top of my head. Which is it?
Gong on the album Takk
Why does this docummentary love Sigur Rós 😅
Phil harper what happened to the audio?
I had to remove some music that we had permission for but RUclips decided we didn't. Its only for a few seconds
Science is like a musical song which composed of mathemetics,observation,philosophy(concept),and experimentation like lyrics,voice,music and dance which is required for good album called theory of everything combining quantum world and cosmology the tiny and large. Though string theory is non- experimental it's essentiality should not be ignored, to get complete taste of food called science.
why is there no volume for the first minute?
we had t delete some music that we think we had permission for.
How funny. Guy playing the guitar was playing "There, There" by Radiohead. The lyrics go "Just because you feel it doesn't mean it's there."
I dont think anyone would claim any of these models should be judged to be correct because we feel it.
I agree. I was just pointing out the irony of what people who don't fully understand string theory (absolutely myself included) might joke about being the basis of string theory in the first place. So the joke is "just because you think it's there doesn't mean it's there." I'm not taking a strong stance one way or the other because I have no where near the basis to make that judgement call but I know it's controversial _because_ there aren't currently any experiments validating string theory. I know better than to assume that will always be the case, but the song is still funny in context. It's like someone who knows the earth isn't flat driving around with flat earth bumper sticker.
Isn't "before" a temporal concept that depends on the existence of time? If the big bang is the point where time begins does it even make sense to talk about a before?
I always have made myself this same question...great observation
big bang doesn't have to be the point where time begins. it can just be an area of high density and pressure.
No beginning, no end. We're someone's experiment or game.
...i had to stop watching because the string broke and my kite started to fall into a black hole!
I'm no physicist, but isn't an electron effectively a magnetic monopole? Its a point particle with only negative charge, and thus, magnetic... as I understand it anyways...
An electron is an electric monopole (nothing special). But it has two discernible magnetic poles (when moving, spinning, whatever).
Oooh... Okay, that makes more sense then. I hadn't considered its motion before.
Not meaning to be rude, but is this the same woman that does that "magnetic universe"pseudoscience video or does she just look similar?
This is my favorite theory of them all because of the promise it holds for the unification of mankind's two best theories of nature. I am still hoping that someday this will be proven as true. But that hope dims as current findings by LHC suggests no super symmetry (which is very important to String Theory) and latest discoveries by Cosmologists suggest a much simpler explanation of the universe that is more in line with Relativity-based theories.
No sound during the first minute. Would you correct it?
I'm guessing it was a copyright violation.
Are strings things? When you find that they fit, do they beget from the fit, or from a pre-Universe Home Depot that had to be got? My only concrete observation from watching this is a sense of expanding intracranial pressure, resulting in a need for aspirin.
yeeeeeaaaah
You still have a problem with matter and a singularity coming out of 2 branes colliding and these universes would already have to exist. I like the idea of a black hole sucking up everything in it's vicinity til it tears a hole in our universe and spits it out the other side creating a new universe in a different dimension. This answers all of the questions like, where and what is dark matter, energy, and gravity, how did everything come out of a singularity and what happened before the big bang. Simple, just like our universe... ( Quantum tells us most of the universe is dark matter, energy, and gravity but it can not be measured if it exist in another universe)
I have noticed that in your videos, specially those belonging to the BTBB series, the interviewed refer to a 'he' behind the camera. Care to reveal who 'he' is? :-)
Scale it up to Rope theory, easier to witness. 🙂
I get no sound until 1:00
yeah we tried to replace the audio for copyright reasons , you dont miss anything dont worry.
I am a theist, and, I am a fan. Thanks for quality of the subjects!
String cosmology without vafa?
He developed sorting gas cosmology but Nayeri did the hard work to do the spectrum of perturbations and we spoke to him in this film
@@PhilHalper1gas cosmology came around late 2000s. String landscape is piror to it(string wars) it don't equalize vafa. Anyway great video. Made great string theorists speak to public audience thank you Phil. Again a nail on creationist coffins😅.
@@Goat-e3g thanks for the encouragement
Was the guy on guitar playing there there by radiohead?
yes, well spotted.
Just cause you feel it doesn't mean it's there! Rock on Dr Wands
does anyone know the name of the woman narrating?
Monica
@@PhilHalper1 Do you know her last name?
@@he5975 yes
@@PhilHalper1 Could you please tell me her last name?
String theory is arguably the most elaborate and promising of all existing metacosmological theories. Still it sounds as if a bunch of lunatics had conspired to forge together the most unplausible and crackpottish ideas they could come up with ;-)
And 3-yrs later...still no progress. As much as I love ST it is just a philosophy at best.
I big waste of brane-power and money.
first minute no sound 🤔
last one to :(
You should talk to some philosophers as well if you are intending to make this about theism. WLC's version of the argument is actually the only one which deals with physics. Others, such as the Thomistic arguments, deal with metaphysics and ignore whether there was a beginning.
I think it was Alan Guth she asked about WLC's use of physics in a previous video. It wasn't pretty.
***** Please which video was that? Can you point me?
David Igboanugo
It was Roger Penrose, actually. It's in "Before the Big Bang 2: Conformal cyclic cosmology"
David Igboanugo 'debunking the kalam cosmological argument' , it should appear in the related video list
Why should we poll high-school dropouts with honorary degrees who can't even generate coherent logical arguments for their opinions on experimental/theoretical physics and the nature of reality?
Thinking is more fun than blindly believing. So let's enjoy and let the mindless do their believing.
Whos playing the strings?
After watching those videos i just have more questions.
That's what the best science does, lead us on to more questions. We dont claim to answer everything, thats not possible. But giving people new questions is a good thing I here.
Well, seems like science is overrated,
@@SeriousClassChannel sorry man this is like ... maybe the worst sentiment I've ever read ... even though you made this post 2 years ago I just had to say so anyway ... I mean fuck I hope you were being facetious or sarcastic ... science has only built the entire fucking modern world every single piece of technology you use daily every medicine you've ever received and most of the food you've ever eaten ... totally overrated ... yeah ... fuck you
The logic path from undergraduate Phys-Chem and Engineering etc degrees to a beginning comprehension of Professor Susskind's lectures and his Students naturally encountered Quantum Operator Logic Fields and the kind of Chemical Bonding Clarified through Quantum Mechanics that relates directly to vibrational timing states that corresponds to String Theoretical Calculus analysis of Modulation Mechanism Singularity positioning inside-outside holographic time-timing presence of Black-body "trivial" distribution and specific centres of Gravity associated with Black Holes.
It may not be obvious that Professor Hartnoll's connection of Nuclei at Zero Kelvin with the sync-duration of ER=EPR made the default explanation for Supercondtivity the natural WYSIWYG expectation of pulse-evolution positioning Holographic Principle Image projection-drawing.
(But there it is, phase-locked resonance bonding = holography quantization=> Chemistry of the probabilistic Universe cause-effect)
Looking Glass Universe circumstances, or loop convergence here-now, or Observable Fluxion-Integral Temporal Calculus Condensation here-now-forever continuous creation connection cause-effect, at .dt universal wave-particle function collapsed and entangled, these are parallel concepts from learning by doing actual thought reflections of experiences and becoming knowledge about how reproduction dominates all aspects of real-time holographic Modulation Mechanism Singularity positioning living pulse-evolution.
Artificially presenting WYSIWYG pictures of implied mathematical empirical laws is how educators are creating a "Tail wags Dog" situation where knowledge is made memorable but Theoretical and impractical until experimented with until the proof-disproof process is realised directly from real-time logarithmic projection-drawing coordination numberness. (Why are Theoreticians "dangerous" around Experiments?)
Presentation of abstractions are "useless" until aligned and integrated into shape-shifting logarithmic Perspective.
could two blacks holes that collide that are ten times or larger then all the known mass of our universe spit out enough to create our universe?
i may not be smart enough to understand but i believe information gets lost in black holes so when the next eon of expansion comes there should be less stuff in the universe till you have an empty universe in this cylic universe theory
Recent observations & advances in theoretical physics have shown information is NOT lost in black holes in principle. Although it IS scrambled to the point of near incoherence, it is "spat back out" thru hawking radiation via virtual+real particle interactions (somehow? Lol I'm not a trained mathematician or theoriest so i can't explain it further).
I've always wondered though, are these pre-hawking radiation interactions producing virtual particles in our frame of reference, that are perhaps 'real' beyond the singularity &/or inner horizon (& vice versa: our 'real' particles are virtual to their frame of reference) IF there is a corresponding white-hole creating its own space via a big bang, its own physical & temporal dimensions, etc.. Universes could eternally exists within & outside of each other as never ending fractals?
Perhaps even the lifetime of the black hole in our universe could correspond to this inner universe's inflationary epoch? Perhaps our 'virtual' particles ( their real ones) bombard it, & perhaps creates inhomogeneity in their early universe too? As we see in the CMB in ours? Or perhaps our virtual particles are the source of dark energy in this inner universe, & perhaps dark energy exists in our own universe via a similat mechanism ??
im pretty sure the information you refer to disappears into black holes and is eventually radiated as hawking radiation so is essentially static. easily replicated via algorithm. ie ripe for compression. if you got the energy you can get the matter and if you've got the algorithm you can build it. if you build it. they will come.lol.
where is Ed witten then?
His work is more on string theory not string cosmology which is the subject of this film.
I haven't looked at the documentary yet, I just checked different times for Ed and I didn't see him!! thanks for your guidance!! I have seen part 4 featuring
Alan Guth which was fantastic!!
Thank you , any shares on social media are welcome.
Stringtheory will be remembered in the history of science as the modt silly theory ever.
weak hyper charge One out of 10^500 Versions of stringtheory is similar to the real world ... wow ... what a hit rate ...
weak hyper charge Useful tool in typology ... useful to do what?
weak hyper charge Nice nick name you have ... is 2.7*10^-7 the coupling constant you use for the weak force? Recently I saw an article with a rediculously big coupling constant for the weak force.
weak hyper charge And a second question: according to various sources gravity is 10^36 times weaker than electromagnetism. However, when I take the coupling constant of gravity and the coupling constant of electromagnetism (roughly the root of 137), I don‘t arrive at this number. What is wrong here?
weak hyper charge I do QG and I find the string concept totally useless. Also it doesn‘t quantize space and therefore is clearly missing the target if it is supposed to be a gravity theory. Also to believe in gravitons is a clear violation of the geometric force concept we know from GR.
im 11 and wat is this
I bet she was pretty in her 20s.
And 7-yrs later...still no progress. As much as I love ST it is just a philosophy at best.
I big waste of brane-power and money
haha i knew hollywood musicians would get in on the con job somewhere , mark my words string theory will be one day shown to be 100% wrong
Bah. Strings my ass. It's the Planck occilator pixels as described by Nassim Haramein.
God is Love, GOD is of the Light Love one another as you were commanded you will become one with Love and The speed of light you will obtain. no special rocket can get you there the special rocket God has given us all already, Amen
special rocket
Quran Indicates Big bang... 🌹🌹
Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them and made from water every living thing? Then will they not believe?
(Quran 21/30)
Procuram pêlo em casca de ovo. Ninguém cita Prigogine.
Scientific theories are distinguished from hypotheses, which are individual empirically testable conjectures, and scientific laws, which are descriptive accounts of how nature will behave under certain conditions. The word "theory" that imply that something is unproven or speculative (which is better characterized by the word 'hypothesis)' in other words a waste of time.
No... Scientific theories are not hypothesizes. Theories have evidence behind them, but cannot be completely proved for whatever reason. Hypothesizes have no evidence it's just a guess or educaed guess.
No one can hear you in space.
for we are all made in the image of themselves, yes the word is plural, meaning man and woman. male and female create all life as we know it.
200
I don't buy it.
Before the Big Bang 3... sounds like a porn movie.
hrm this cosmo string gas looks like a WHITE HOLE.....and is this why we never see any?
Stringtheory is about the worst way to do science.
Dont let GOD find out about this.
I'd like to get together with that saucy red head. We could have our own Hot Big Bang.
lol
We don't need the weird religion of modern physics to explain things/phenomena in our universe.
We sense our surroundings and know about the existence of various things/particles in this universe via our sense organs. And our sense organs sense things based upon the patterns of energy stimuli they receive from the environment. So it is only based upon the patterns of energy we receive from the environment that we are aware of the existence of various things in this universe, and beyond the fact that we receive specific patterns of energy stimuli, we really don’t know about the objects or the surroundings which we presume as truly existing. In other words, as far as we know, objects are nothing but energy patterns. And this is not only the case with human sensors but is true with any sensor. A sensor obviously relies upon the patterns of signals (in other words patterns of energy stimuli) that it receives from the surroundings to sense any object whether it is an electron or a ball.
And what is energy at the most fundamental level?
debunkingrelativity.com/2014/03/05/double-slit-experiment-electrons/
You must be kidding. The purpose of science is to extend the reach of our very limited senses. Without a microscope you would NEVER see a cell. So you don't believe cells exist?
When I look ouside I only see flat. Therefore the earth must be flat.
I really think you should have stayed a surgeon and not try to waste your time on Yoga Philosophy and propaganda of your ideas on Science videos. Very unprofessional.