Part 1: How Does New Genetic Information Evolve? Point Mutations
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- Опубликовано: 22 окт 2024
- Support Stated Clearly on Patreon: / statedclearly
This film is the first of a two part series on the evolution of new genetic information. Here we focus on Point Mutations - the simplest natural mechanisms known to increase the genetic information of a population.
Our second film of the series will focus on duplication events - natural mutations that increase the total amount of genetic information of an individual.
This film was produced under the guidance of molecular biologist Dr. Nicholas Casewell. www.lstmed.ac.u...
Point mutations are small, natural edits in the DNA code of an individual. These edits can be passed from parent to child. Because they are mere edits, point mutations usually do not increase the total amount of information in an individual. As new information is gained, old information is lost. Point mutations do, however, increase the total amount of information within a population.
In this film you will see several examples of beneficial point mutations which have enhanced a creatures abilities or even given rise to entirely new abilities. The first two examples were directly observed in bacteria by scientists in the lab. The third is a case found in domestic dogs, the last example was discovered in several species of wild animal.
Details about mutation examples in this film, along with links to the journals cited can be found at
statedclearly.c...
As a professional motion graphics animator who specializes in information graphics, I'm very impressed by the formula you've developed for these videos. You found a way to make the design style hyper simple but still attractive and easily repeatable. You use the same tactic with the animation, keeping it to a minimum without it becoming boring and utilizing basic slides and zooms for transitions without making it look cheep. The information being well researched and explained completes the packed perfectly. Good job all around and keep up the hard work!
These type of responses are so wholesome to read :)
bro prove that ur an professoal or ur just a liar
but very whoesome text
What a co incidence i was also pondering on how he makes these videos.The drawings i guess are made on illustrator,Simple Animations on after effects and transitions and slides on premiere pro.
this is extremely helpful to watch with kids the pace is slow enough for kids to grasp it. More of these please.
It's been months for a 7 minute video? Really? Cmon start up a Kickstarter or even a fund raiser of sorts. I want more stated clearly!
Hire more staff fam. I love these videos. Thanks for everything ☺️
If you'd like to spearhead a fundraising campaign on patreon I'd love some help.
+Stated Clearly i think you might benefit from a patreon account. let people donate for every video produced or something. I'm already throwing a few bucks at youtubers i support and i would be more than willing to do the same for this sort of content.
+Stated Clearly I wish I could. I'm only 15. But I don't see why someone else wouldn't. A pateron would be a great idea
+BoxOfCurryos yah! you got another loyal viewer here
+No Name
1) This first mover can be said to be the big bang, what came before that, we do not know, and will probably never know.
2) If we go back far enough, according to evolution, we have a common ancestor. We do not know how it originated, but possible through chemical evolution. If we go even further back, we come to the big bang, where all the energy in the universe was stored in one place. We do not know what came before that. Also, if the series were infinite (which I do not know if it is), there would not necessarily be a "first maker", because that "first maker" would also have a maker, and so on.
3) What you are talking about is the time before the big bang, where according to you, nothing existed. Truth is, we do not know what was before the big bang happened.
4) You claim that we have no standards, unless a god exists. If having standards or morals is a positive trait, evolution will tell us that it makes perfect sense to have standards or morals. I claim that a god is not required for people to judge other people. On another note, if people did use standards in terms of one true god, it would be an objective standard, and it would need to be universal, but we do not observe this to be true. People sometimes disagrees what is "good". So they must either have different gods, different versions of the same god, or simply have no god involved.
5) You claim, that everything that is "designed" has a "designer", and that this "designer" is god. I claim the designer can be explained by evolution instead of god.
TL;DR:
saying we do not know does not equal god. In all your proofs, you skip one step. You need to prove that the first mover was god. That the first maker was god. That the necessary being was god (and that the necessary was an actual being). That the most perfect being is god. And that the designer is god. You did not once, present proof for these.
Seriously, you deserve much more subscribers.
I enjoy watching your videos. It's simple, understandable and fun to watch.
I'm glad you guys are still posting. I like your videos.
just half an hour ago was re-watching your videos out of interest an you just posted a new video
cool
Sick
+Vova3iLvova please watch through my subscriptions list, inducing them to all make new videos.
you are the one.
Thanks. I love these videos. They're very helpful to the layperson who wants to get a general understanding of the concepts.
These are really good videos for classrooms and for people at home too! Our school barely teaches evolution so it's nice to learn something awesome about science. Awesome video and thanks!
+Stated Clearly I did not catch entirely the reference to Behe. Behe, is an Intelligent Design (ID) advocate and its appearance in this video shocked me. Why take a prominent figure at ID to comment that discovery? has Behe recently accepted evolution? Or it's just irony?
Great video as always
Scientific accuracy doesn't hinder on the individual making the claim.
+Thomas Fitzpatrick I think you meant that backwards, its the individual that does not hinder the facts
I just commented on this before I saw yours. I think it was a sly dig at creationist Behe!
I now know exactly who the 2 dislikes are:
+SnoopyDoo
+truth1901
violinsheets $10 for what?
violinsheets There is a thing called "charge back", dummy.
You can just get your money back yourself...
+Digital Dirk You're so snitch!
creation.com/refuting-evolution-2-chapter-5-argument-some-mutations-are-beneficial
Really great video! All the work really shows. Fantastic job.
Love the animations. I totally understand it taking forever. Thanks for your hard work.
Come on do the next video already! I want to learn about different types of muuutaaaaatiooooons!!!
+al gore Working on it! Between now and then though, we'll be releasing a video for the Center of Chemical Evolution on the Miller Urey experiment. I'm very excited about how it has turned out!
+al gore Here's a good page on mutation www.pinterest.com/calpaldale/abnormalities/
+No Name GET OUT OF HERE YOU WHIPPERSNAPPER.
+pbaylis1 thanks!
+No Name Look. someone learned to cut and paste. Go back to finger painting and leave the science to people more suited to the task.
This is nothing specific to this video, but to your channel, it is AWESOME!!!! Ty
Wow you made this so easy to understand
You're channel is so underrated
Very good explanation, please keep them coming.
3:08 - Michael Behe. LOL!
These are such great videos and beautifully animated. I can't say it better than that the information....is stated clearly lol.
A very accessible way to learn about evolution.
Very nice video! Have you ever considered adding background music to this video? It could have made the tone a bit less serious.
Thank you for stated Claire I enjoy learning and so does my old son I love that the information is clear as I suffer from learning disabilities
Frank, I have studied science for over 60 years and have read many hundreds of books, journals and publications on this issue. Everything that the video said has been scientifically proven to be 1009% false. The only reason evolutionists use only fraud and deception is because evolution has never occurred thus no honest science exists for them to use. They want a reason to pretend that there is no just God who will judge their selfish way of living.
@@danminer5343 I hope someday you stop being a liar
Thank you for those crystal clear vids guys ;)
Awesome! I thought I was never going to see another video here!!
My only complaint is, this was too short. Parts 1 & 2 could easily have been made as a single video. This content is excellent for kids from 1st grade through highschool Bio 101.
this is very informative and entertaining.
Sickle cell anemia is also is good example of point mutation. Humans which are heterozygous are somehow resistant to malaria.
Please make videos on other topics mentioned in the video 🤗
Waiting for creationists who still wont get it....
look at the first comment....
+Eagle93Writer You mean like Dr.Behe (mentioned in the vid) Who beleives in common decent,but still can't wrap his head around the mechanism.So he claims a intelligent designer did it. An intelligent designer he won't name. Behe is more than competent in his field,but seems to be able to ignore the facts he is well aware of.
+Eagle93Writer lmao.... "I DON'T GET IT WHAT VERSE DOES IT SAY THIS IN!?!?"
+Julian lol
+yourfullofsheite yeah i laughed when Behe's work was mentioned, a bit ironic. "Irreducible Complexity" is his baby and he's published various pop-sci books supporting it, he's part of the well known creationist organisation "The Discovery Institute".
ps: All his points have been refuted by the scientific community.
I think a part 3 would be cool to see
Thanks for posting the video... I'm off to watching part II now, because in this one, I heard about mutation events discovered and recorded, but not "how new information evolves". I watched this two and three times and hear that the event recorded is labeled as "point mutations", but I was really hoping to hear how.
Did you find the information that you were looking for?
If not maybe this might help - Point mutations are modifying a gene to do a different task, that counts as new genetic information. That gene is now Coding for a different task, a new task, therefore it’s new genetic information.
Can you please send the PowerPoint presentation for this animation to use for teaching calss
Great video, you're one of my best science channels on RUclips , but guys you need to make more videos, like weekly .. Thank you for your efforts (:
+Fadi Franso
animated videos like these are really time consuming (i'm also an animator.) to put out a video like this in one week would be a death wish.
+Dori C I'm with you in that, but I said that because English isn't my native language, so the Scientific words aren't easy for me, so with a video like this it would be much easier to understand.. Thanks for your opinion (:
Great Video! Helps me lot to understand the topic
Thanks. Keep up the good work.
A new book published by Austin Macauley Publishers titled From Chemistry to Life on Earth outlines abiogenesis in great detail with a solution to the evolution of the genetic code and the ribosome as well as the cell in general using 290references, 50 illustrations and several information tables with a proposed molecular natural selection formula with a worked example for ATP. 30 different biochemical processes that feed back on DNA to control gene expression and hence phenotype are explained briefly.
I've just met this chanel and I realy like all the vídeos.
2:06 best part of the video right there
finally, it's been forever
wonderfully simple - thank you
wow you got a ton of art work in these videos. How does it all pay off?
4:06 That Collie makes me think of Beast Jesus.
Anyway, I'm looking forward to your next video.
Good video.
I love these videos!! Make more guys!!
Amazing as expected, thx again dudes.
Awesome animations brother
Keep it up
Amazing video!
Please please add real English captioning (not the auto-generated)! I love using your videos in my biology classes but they work much better with captions. I have a lot of English language learners and a lot of noisy chatting during videos and good captions help a lot.
I really do think you all should set up a Patreon for a per video system. Or monthly, if you feel like it.
boy kent hovind really needs to watch this/these videos
Great video...I always include your videos into my lessons. My students love them too!!!
People breaking down because of the Behe citation. I can see how "easy" it must be for an ID proponent to get listened. Congrats for that channel for having the guts to cite him, unlike most others.
Your irony meter must be broken. For a leading ID proponent to have to admit that random mutations can create new function is a bit embarrassing for all the ID proponents who say it can't happen.
The one time Behe didn't lie, and he is paid to lie by Discovery Institute.
No intellectually honest and non self deceiving person thinks that Discovery Institute isn't purposefully lying and deceiving people.
thank you for these videos 💚
your videos are beautiful,such good explanations
WHICH PROGRAM YOU USE IN THE MONTAGE PLZZZ
Patreon, no?
I'm just throwing my money but nobodies taking it. :(
I'm still trying to get that all set up. I'd love help if you have experience.
Great work!!
Great work, i really enjoyed watching. Can you do one on evolutionary biology/psychology please.
Love it. Keep these vids coming
Very informative, thank you
Most excellent!
Excellent videos
Can you turn the option to add custom subtitles? I can translate it to Turkish.
Very informative, keep it up
EVEN WHILE STUDYING BIOLOGY LOGAN HAS TO APPEAR SOMEWHERE SMH I WANNA WATCH THE MOVIE SO BAD
1:37 this is for me (taking notes)
good work
What program do you use to create the animations?
+mk17173n Adobe Flash is where I do most of the animation work. Some parts have also been done in After Effects and Blender.
+Stated Clearly do you do your own artwork?
+mk17173n Yes, if you look in the credits at the end of each animation you will see that illustrations are done by several team members.
Hey another video! Great!!
Again, absolutely brilliant. Thank you for posting.
Thanks for this
Thank you, I have a question, Where are the genes that make the heart or the ear?
i love your channel
How doe one gene is separated from the other. In other words, how does cell know where one gene ends and the other gene starts? Are there some markers?
Certain combinations of bases (called codons) act like start and stop markers.
ATG = Start
TGA, TAG, or TAA = Stop
I love your videos. Some feedback though: your voice sounds dry and dead, monotone and boring. Maybe a tiny change in tone or pace can make your videos more appealing?
+Haran Yakir I am sure you are a genius that make awesome videos that get millions of views?
Conrad Bo
What's up with people taking every tiny bit of constructive criticism as some kind of personal attack and going all defensive?
That makes perfect sense. Despite that fact you're still going to hear people say "No new genetic information!".
because thats their chant they must repeat so that can start believing its true.
@@spatrk6634 Lol. ikr. "If I just say it enough maybe it'll be true."
@@PaulTheSkeptic Sounds like darwinisme.
@@seal9390
Creationism is factually deficient.
Why is it that mutation though radiation generally leads to cancer? Is it a different type of mutation which is more destructive or something?
I'm not an expert, but the basics is that it causes accelerated cell growth where it shouldn't be, while mutations are integrated into the genome properly.
Awsome ... thanks.
Is that Michael Behe of Irreducible Complexity fame?!
Can't wait
Thank you for the video Stated Clearly, it is really awesome and I have learned something new. Soon the Creatards will start commenting on this video, and they will not even realize how stupid they really are.
Two simple questions for creationists:
Is practicing genetics based on, secular science (e.g. new information evolving)
or is it based on creation science (new information can never evolve)?
And what did they teach the students before they became geneticists, secular science or creation science?
so cool and epic zaddy
Add captions,please.
Sorry, but Jet fuel can't melt steal beams.
+Jaccobtw What if it softened them enough for the towers to collapse under their own weight?
+Jaccobtw
What are steal beams? Are they beams that steal things? Or are they beams you've stolen? Or beams that you can steal?
*steel lol
Jaccobtw
Okay then.
You were joking, right? It's hard to tell sometimes. About the steel beams, I mean.
Nice video! I do have one critique however, there is a difference between variation and new information. For example, red hair in humans is a trait that arose as a result of a mutation, however this is not new genetic information.
It is. Each new variant increases the amount of information required to fully describe a gene-pool. It did not increase information in an individual, but it did increase information in the gene-pool of species.
KohuGaly I'm sorry, but that's not how information works. There is a difference between variation and information. Feel free to check out my videos, I go a bit into information theory and how it works, but information and variation are not the same thing.
There are also information scientists who explain this.
an information can loosely be described as resolution of uncertainty and it is produced in process of measurement/observation. A mutation creates uncertainty and expression of that DNA in a cell resolves that uncertainty. Red hair that arose by a mutation definitely is new information in context of information theory.
+GreenSlugg You are on the right track. Variations are necessary for evolution, but they cannot finish the job until fixation. In population genetics, fixation is the change in a gene pool from a situation where there exists at least two variants of a particular gene (allele) to a situation where only one of the alleles remains.
The supposed evolution of humans and chimpanzees from a common ancestor would have required 30 million fixations in 6 million years. Not bloody likely.
It's a point mutation. Duplication mutations in conjunction with point mutations do create new information.
A-G-C-A-G-T has more information than A-G-C
A-G-C => [DUPLICATION MUTATION] => A-G-C-A-G-C => [POINT MUTATION] => A-G-C-A-G-T
New information in 2 very simple and observable mutations.
I am a proponent of evolution but theres one thing that puzzles me. How do mutations create a new species that can no longer bred with the species it mutated from. Also wouldnt there have to be a large population of a new species in order for that new species to survive.
+mk17173n Speciation events happen in several different ways. One which seems to be relatively common is called allopatric speciation. When a population is split in two (say a group of elephants get separated from the main population due to a wrong turn during migration), mutations in the two populations will continue to accumulate but will never be shared due to the lack of intermixing. If that separation is maintained long enough, differences will become so great that when they come in contact with each other again, they either won't recognize each other as potential mates, or they will be physically incompatible for successful mating.
This series of articles is pretty good on the topic: evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_40
+Stated Clearly thanks for your reply. So essentially its a cumulative process resulting in a population eventually branching off. It still astonishes me that the answer to how living things got here is essentially from chemical reactions. To think that the elements that compose this planet and us came from a star dying.
+mk17173n Typically they still can interbreed, at least for the first several million years, like coyotes and wolves can interbreed, but they generally don't unless conditions are changed due to (generally human) circumstances. Red wolves and timber wolves do not naturally mate with coyotes, but when the population of red wolves in the souther US was drastically reduced due to hunting, and coyotes spread throughout the country, hybridization took place. Another example is tigers and lions which will mate in captivity, but Asian lions and tigers do not interbreed in the wild.
+Stated Clearly You're aware that allopatric speciation is a theory right? Stop giving out theories as facts. You seem to keep doing that in all your videos and the youtube community aren't non the wiser.
+Nuke Roch You are confusing facts with explanations of facts. Whether we fully understand a phenomenon does not negate that phenomenon. The fact that we do not fully understand how something works,, be it evolution or even gravity, does not negate the phenomenon.
My wife doesn't have 20k genes. She has 20k shoes.
hay I have question here I kind of understand the evolution but there is something been bothering me I know that mutations is random but weather thy stay or not that is for the natural selection to deiced so (why the mutation is so precise and some times it's exactly what the creature needs like the example you showed about that protein pumps it's the exact thing the snake need to eat that frog but how it's random and it show in three creature who really wanted ,if it was random those animals could pass through many different things and possibly never gone through this the amount of information could change at random and yet get some thing that the creature need is difficult for me to understand) does any body have an idea !?
Three things make this possible.
1) These predators have been living along side toads for millions of years, meaning there is a lot of time for mutations to play around in.
2) Thousands (in some cases millions) of individuals are born each year, meaning there is a lot of space each year for mutations to play in.
3) In this case, several different mutations are capable of changing the pump's shape. This means that the chances of stumbling upon mutations that work are fairly high.
+Stated Clearly thanks very much you are indeed the best evolution channel on RUclips yes when I add those 3 reasons it looks more probable for random mutation to have a such nonrandom result , huh so it all come back to natural selection at the end, cool
but still some species don't have such a huge amount of new borne individuals every year like humans and yet we are the most complicated one right ? isn't something that have small life spam and an unbelievable numbers born should be on totally different level like the fruit fly
+MrMaestro321 _we are the most complicated one right ?_
Wrong.
will fine we may not be the most complicated (no thanks to your wonderful intelligent answer) but what I meant if really the numbers of new individuals of a species is the most powerful ingredient for evolving then the fruit fly at least should evolve a lot and got great new function and ability from when it first mentions in history but there description look similar to our current fly
MrMaestro321
No need to get passive-aggressively pissy just because someone tells you you're wrong. Try to be a little more mature than that.
Regardless, you seem to be under the impression that fruit flies, by now, should have jet-powered flight and be able shoot lasers from their eyes, or something. A valid question, and here's the short answer: little or no pressure to change means little or no change. What is meant by "pressure"? Environmental pressures - changes in the environment, and the ecological niches therein.
Selection happens as a "response" to environmental pressures. For all intents and purposes, the ecological niche of the fruit fly has remained unchanged, or little changed, for pretty much as long as there have been fruit flies. .
If there were enough of a change in the fruit fly's environment so as to threaten its existence, then the high rate of reproduction and accompanying mutations would come in to play. Some of those mutations might help it continue to reproduce in the new environment. But that's just a possibility, not a guarantee. That's one reason why species go extinct.
I hope that made sense. I'm neither a teacher, nor the most articulate person in the world.
I thought Micheal Behe was A *Intelligent* *Design* (aka Creationism) advocate?
+dynamics007 He is. Just because you have one delusional belief doesn't mean you can't contribute to science in some valid way. Look at Newton and alchemy.
+dynamics007 He is, but his assessment of what's going on is still valid. The difference is that he claims that this is the furthest extent of mutation, and that duplication events, etc. don't work well enough to explain all of the diversity of life that we see. He (incorrectly) thinks that the various forms of mutation are insufficient for evolution to work. He's a proponent of Irreducible Complexity (the incorrect idea that some structures are too complex to have evolved naturally), even though it's so debunked that his own biology department issued a statement rejecting it (and Intelligent Design as a whole).
If i had to guess, they didn't have any problems with citing him because it's a quote about a vague nontechnical term, not a scientific claim.
That proves how much you know shit about ID HAHAHAHAH.
(Aka Kiss my ass)
Providing excellent results and being an excellent source are two different things. Your video mentioned only slightly what usually happens, which is the largely brushed over typical problems arising from point mutations.
Haha, love the poke at creationist Behe by throwing him into a video on evolution. Well done!
Tanx john
I love the Behe reference. BAZINGA !
Why is that?
endogenousretrovirus.blogspot.com/2007/08/michael-behe-please-allow-me-to.html
Hello fellow online school classmates :)
As a teacher who uses your videos on platforms like Edpuzzle to embed questions for students, I would love it if you could upload a video that includes part 1 and part 2 of the "How does new genetic information evolve?" series together. This would allow me to splice together the parts I need from both parts for various student groups and levels. Thanks for the consideration.
Thx 🧐
i ve heard a few things...one, genetic info is not suppose to increase. but also, there are no definite changes to make a new species in dna changes. yes, there is micro mutations, as in bacteria. but not a change in ie. species. now, i m not an expert, but i think it is important to note this. this is showing changes in bacteria...ie micro changes.]
And all these beneficial mutations they are talking about are not constructive mutations (mutations that add a new system) which they need to prove their claim.
@@KingKing-ny2ew
Every time puppy variants are born in a litter it is "new genetic information." duh
@@toserveman9317 No it's not.
@@KingKing-ny2ew
Go look up Claude Shannon and "information theory."
@@toserveman9317 A new information in DNA will literally translate to protein and mutations like this don't exist and if I am wrong prove it.
Directly refutes creationist bullshit. Thank you.
Does this explain how the length of genome is increased ?
No. He explained that. That's caused by duplication mutations.