Does it STALL? - How FAST is it - My NEW PeaBee ADAM wing

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  • Опубликовано: 2 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 106

  • @leehewitt9559
    @leehewitt9559 2 года назад +3

    My standard down wind check is Fuel, (sufficient for landing and go around); Awareness (circuit traffic etc.); Wind (direction & speed); Nose wheel straight and hand throttle off; Security (safely strapped in).

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +2

      Hi Lee, that's the same list that I use, FAWNTS.

  • @AZC1949
    @AZC1949 2 года назад +1

    To paraphrase David letterman: Giles, you are having more fun than should be allowed for a human! Good to see you in the Peabee.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Haha, hi Zach, that's made my day, it really has. I've not heard that phrase before. I so enjoy flying it.

  • @alwatt9367
    @alwatt9367 2 года назад +1

    I think you will be an excellent instructor..You are so calm and safety aware, lucky future students.. Excellent video again.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      HI Al, thank you for your kind words, I'll let you know how much hair I lose in the process.. Haha

  • @paramotorhead
    @paramotorhead 2 года назад +1

    Nice one Giles, loved the raptor.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      HI Scott, I hope you are wells, you seem to be covering some good miles around the UK.

    • @paramotorhead
      @paramotorhead 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 yes buddy, I’m good thanks. No need to ask how you are, you’re obviously having the time of your life. Good on ‘yer.
      We got a motorhome last year so we’re making the most of it.

  • @NatJB
    @NatJB 2 года назад +1

    Tremendous mate. Notified of the video earlier but only got the chance to catch up tonight. Working in London all week. Another informative one and information I will keep when I fly. See you at the weekend.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Nat, it will be good to catch up at the weekend.

  • @InducedBank
    @InducedBank 2 года назад +2

    oooh! Delta Jet - can't wait to see that!! There will be one appearing at East Fortune soon, once it's all 'tricked out'. Great to see the stalls, I've not practiced them for a while, so guess what I'll do next time I'm up? 🤣

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Mike, I think the East fortune one is a bronze colour or White, I can't remember which. Both were at Popham and saw them at Plaistows when I was there. I hope you are keeping well?

    • @InducedBank
      @InducedBank 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 Sure it's a pretty glaring orange colour! All good buddy, been a rubbish 3 weeks of weather for flying though. Only flyable days have been ones where I'm busy! 🤬 🤣

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Ahh yes the bronze ( brown/ orange) metallic paint job. Fingers crossed we will get some flyable weather soon.

  • @flyskiride
    @flyskiride 2 года назад +1

    Top video again mate lots of details loved it 👍

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Lee, I'm glad you enjoyed it. The same characteristics apply to your wing as well.

    • @flyskiride
      @flyskiride 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 that's great to know

  • @paulieb796
    @paulieb796 2 года назад +1

    Another cracking video Giles. Good learning point re approaching for landing at hands off trim. I initially did this when going from a Quantum to my Bivvy Bee. It’s fine if your round out is perfect, but the slightest balloon and your energy bleeds off so quickly on a lighter machine. Definitely a characteristic for anyone making the same transition to be prepared for. Catch up soon. 👍

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Paul, so very true and is one of the things I see to chat to the heavier fliers. I think I should be in the notes for new owners ;)

  • @vauxscott
    @vauxscott 2 года назад +1

    Nice work Giles! seems you are enjoying yours as much as I enjoy mine! silly grins all round.
    As for downwind checks, I use WAFTS, windsock, altimeter, fuel, traffic, security

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Wow, there are certainly a few versions coming out now. Silly grins are compulsory.

  • @flyingkub
    @flyingkub 2 года назад +1

    A very good point about the advanced wings on your flex wing and paramotors, I must say I had not thought about it that much but you are right, paramotor wings and paraglider wings are so different in handling and pilot requirement in the different classes.
    I don't have any down wind check like yours I run off a check sheet and my left to right check.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Algy, so your checks are more of a flow then. The joy of flexwings, is that you can learn on an advanced wing and then fly a simple wing. It is always advisable to get aircraft specific conversion for the unique nature of different wings.

    • @flyingkub
      @flyingkub 2 года назад

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 Yes a flow, the same one I use pre take off, during climb, post climb, pre arrival, down wind / long final. It is fast and repeatable, that said I do have check lists for: Aborted take off, arrival brief and in circut but they are all then have the aircraft configuration backed up by the Left to right flow check. So the check on the Kub are: Flaps configured, trim set, throttle friction and setting as req, fuel selector content, Mags, master, engine T&P, altimeter, speed, radio frq set ad confirmed, transponed squak, hatch locked as req, security of people and items.

  • @TomGarner4505
    @TomGarner4505 2 года назад +1

    Flying from these small private strips certainly does compress ones circuit, I really notice how big some circuits are when I go landaway.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Tom I hope you are keeping well. I do like my little wizzy circuits.

  • @huffpappy
    @huffpappy 2 года назад +1

    Very nice wing. I like it!

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      HI Sam, I am slightly taken with the Adam wing.

  • @atlantasportflyingllc5541
    @atlantasportflyingllc5541 2 года назад +1

    Nice video - Good luck as an instructor - you will be really good I'm sure

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Atlanta Sport Flying, thank you. I hope to get my first students now the CAA have issued my Instructor licence.

  • @musoseven8218
    @musoseven8218 2 года назад +1

    Another interesting video - thanks for sharing. For some unknown reason I've not been getting alerts🤔🤔🙄🙄

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Muso, good to see you in the comments. Have you checked you bell notifications, they might have changed.

    • @musoseven8218
      @musoseven8218 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 Hi, thanks. Yes alerts had switched off, I've had that with one or two others too, very strange, all reinstated now though, so hopefully normal service is fully resumed😄😄🤞🤞🤞😊😊😊👍👍

  • @stratotramp6243
    @stratotramp6243 2 года назад +1

    Those mounts are cool, I like the thinking with the brass screws as a materials engineer (though I'm changing roles). Showed my instructor that "Are you sure that's a microlight and not a space shuttle" comment you sent about about the CT. He lol'ed! I said you were a bit of a purist. 🤣

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Haha, that made me chuckle, I do like a good gadget though.

  • @atlantasportflyingllc5541
    @atlantasportflyingllc5541 2 года назад +1

    My down landing checks are as I was originally taught in the UK - Seemed to have a worked FAWNT - Fuel sufficient/ All clear/Wind direction/Nose wheel straight (prob most important)/Throttle (hand) off and Trim - I fly a P&M GTR so also set the trim for landing about 75mph seems best - then slow to 60-65 on short finals

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      I use FAWNT but have S on the end for Security. The Trim speed seems to vary from aircraft to aircraft. The Quantum and PeaBee, I have to pull the speed on, the GT450/GTR and DeltaJet500 all seem to need a push to slow them down. It threw me for the first few approaches on my course as I was pull and landing too fast when on Final.

  • @noelwalsh297
    @noelwalsh297 2 года назад +1

    another great video Giles still only had the 2 lesson because of weather and watching you makes it all more the wait and Training my Adam is built but waiting on the wing assembly which is being built in the ukraine so a delay on that but still got my training too do with Mark Hilton at Darley Moor so hope to catch up soon. i also got Naviter 4 from your mate Andrew regards Noel Walsh

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Noel, then I'm sure we will most certainly bump into each other at Darley Moor. I know that AEROS are producing wings so things should be moving along nicely now. Good news on the Oudie, it is my go to instrument.

  • @helimed01
    @helimed01 2 года назад +1

    Looking forward to the Deltajet Stingray blog. In particular the hands off speeds, slow and fast. Has there been any reliability issues including the electric trim system? And here is a challenge Giles; If your passenger will allow, what’s the glide like for an “engine off” landing two up?

  • @patrickmckowen2999
    @patrickmckowen2999 2 года назад +1

    Nice 👍
    Downwind check, am I downwind 🤣.
    If you're getting your instructors, what will you be training others in?
    BR

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Haha, that's a precise check. I'll be using the schools aircraft.

  • @michaelhansen7082
    @michaelhansen7082 2 года назад +1

    Always look forward to your weekly release. You put so much work into it and it got me back into trike flying after nearly a 30-year break. I appreciate you have a low-weight trike but are you aware of tumble risk with power on stalls ?. Air Creation writes in their manuals .. " To avoid tumbling risk, the stalling exercises must be imperatively carried out with engine at idle, with a slow decreasing speed obtained by a progressive control bar pushing out"

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hello Michael, I am aware of the tumble risk, I'm currently on my instructor course and this is how it is demonstrated at the certified 1 kt per second deceleration rate. There is a power on stall and a glide stall. The P&M Quantum even has figures in the manual for both stall speeds. All modern certified aircraft have to pass a power on stall at the 1 mph or kt per second deceleration rate. If you notice, I've not raised the nose much above the horizon in the power on stall. I do appreciate your concern and thank you for mentioning it.

    • @michaelhansen7082
      @michaelhansen7082 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 the secret is out 😁 did not realise you were preparing instructor course. With your passion for flying and approach you will be a great instructor! Good luck

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      @@michaelhansen7082 I did mention at the end of my Popham video but I do appreciate not everyone watches all my content. Thank you for your kind words, I just need to pass the test now. :)

  • @livingladolcevita7318
    @livingladolcevita7318 2 года назад +1

    Nice one Giles. I noticed on an older video, not yours, someone modified his Dragonfly putting 2 handlebar stems off a push bike on the bar to give a vertical grip to negate tendon strain? I was wondering if I would do the same more to bring the bar closer as I have to lean forward to get the bar close to the down strut or I could get a cushion to push me forward I suppose.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Living La Dolce Vita, I've not seen that before but the Bar position is only a couple of inches different so no great issue, just something to adjust to. The bar position is speed so bring it towards you would only make you fly faster, you would still need to go forward for the landing etc, unless I misunderstood your point.

  • @silentelectrics
    @silentelectrics 2 года назад +1

    Hi Giles. On your helmet, are you using the faceshield that comes with the Icaro helmet or are you using a faceshield from Microavionics? It looks bigger than the faceshield that comes with the Icaro helmet. Reason I ask is that I'm ordering the Solar X helmet and the US dealer doubts the air dam will fit (I want the air dam). Thanks!

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      HI JClaw, it's the the Icaro long visor with the Micro Avionics wind dam. It's slightly longer than the screen but works wonders.

    • @silentelectrics
      @silentelectrics 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 Awesome, thanks Giles!

  • @sundownsolutions2
    @sundownsolutions2 2 месяца назад +1

    Hi Giles, do you have a video of rigging the Adam wing?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 месяца назад

      Hi Sundown, I have a rigging video of my fox wing, which is almost identical, except for the undersurface battens.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 месяца назад

      ruclips.net/video/p-lzCxh5oGI/видео.html

  • @happee_meal8302
    @happee_meal8302 2 года назад +1

    Just rewatched the vid of your first solo on the Peabee before this. It's really interesting to see how your machine has evolved since that first flight, the new wheels and extra fairings look the part, useful turn of speed aswell. Keep it coming 👍

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Happee Meal, ohh I fancy a McDonald's. Yes it has come a long way, and I think that's one of the appeals of this kind of machine, you can really make it your own. I hope you keeping well.

    • @happee_meal8302
      @happee_meal8302 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 Hi dude, yep all good. There's an Adam temporarily based at my local airfield that I've been able to have a good look at, very cool piece of kit!

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      @@happee_meal8302 they look really cool from the ground on a flyby.

  • @captainironduck
    @captainironduck 2 года назад +1

    Hi Giles
    Ive recently finished a landing strip up on my estate in the SW of Scotland. Was wondering if you or some of your colleagues would want to fly in for the day to test it out?
    Regards
    Colin

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Colin, I'm sure that would be an epic adventure to come up there.

    • @captainironduck
      @captainironduck 2 года назад +1

      Send a message to machermore castle. We have a Web site. We can take it further from there. Cheers.

  • @blueneptune5860
    @blueneptune5860 2 года назад +1

    Awesome I have the same engine and wing but mine has retractable landing gear.Go Fly light.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Blue Neptune, so you have the Adam trike then, lovely machine. I flew one last year, I just like knowing my wheels are down. But the Adam looks so so cool with the wheels up in a fly past.

  • @ShortField
    @ShortField 2 года назад +1

    Great video as always Giles, never seen an ASI like that before :-) Looked like you were landing a lot faster than you usually do, is that down to the new wing, what was the VREF difference if any?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Terry, I'm guessing in your GA would you wouldn't have seen anything like this ASI. The wing does come in a little quicker but it does hold that energy better. What is VREF, or is that Velocity Reference?

    • @ShortField
      @ShortField 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 :-) looked pretty accurate though Giles. VREF is your defined touchdown speed or usually around 1.3 x your stall speed in landing config. I suppose as you don't use an ASI usually it is of little relevance :-)

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      @@ShortField it's quite a simple process for knowing or working out your landing speed on a flexwing. I'll give you a buzz and explain.

  • @robward7873
    @robward7873 2 года назад +1

    Hi Giles - I see you sometimes fly with a wind meter/ASI that is attached to the base bar, does this give more accurate readings than attaching it to the front strut (smoother wind flow)? I have a similar style ASI on the front strut and it says my hands-off speed is 32mph (on a Foxcub), I am not sure if I have a slow wing or an inaccurate location for the ASI. What do you reckon?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      Hi Rob, I put it on the base bar to get it away from the screen flow which was distorting the readings. Additionally it was far out enough that it wouldn't be affected by the propeller in stream. I hope that helps? Get back to me if you have any further questions.

    • @robward7873
      @robward7873 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 Good thinking, I will give that a go, I might be faster than I think!

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      @@robward7873 I was surprised how much of a difference it made.

  • @graemejohnstone7734
    @graemejohnstone7734 2 года назад +1

    Do you need to maintain the wing in any way? For example adding any wax or something?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Graeme, there are no treatments that I'm aware of and I would follow any good wing care guidelines, ie keep it out of the sun, keep it clean but the ODL is so low maintenance it wonderful.

  • @SimonAmazingClarke
    @SimonAmazingClarke Год назад +1

    I'm going between there, three year old videos and new ones. Is this still your sub 70 aircraft?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  Год назад

      Hi Simon, it is the same aircraft, I just made it SSDR when I got my licence.

  • @DavidReckitt
    @DavidReckitt 2 года назад

    Awesome as usual Giles. Loving the stability of your wing cam. Wonder if I can do same?
    My downwind checks are SHIT. Security, Height, Instruments (fuel, temps etc) and Trim :)

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Haha, I can even hear you saying them as well David. I give you a buzz reference my wing cam.

    • @helimed01
      @helimed01 2 года назад

      Think I might have to adopt that one. I like it.

  • @notmenotme614
    @notmenotme614 2 года назад +1

    What’s a Sky Echo? Is it like an IFF / ADS-B ?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Yes, a Skyecho 2 is an ADS-B device.

  • @DougBow96
    @DougBow96 2 года назад +1

    87 kilos
    112 kilos here 🤣
    More info on single seat fun vs two seater fun please.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Doug, I'm sure you are lighter than that...?

    • @DougBow96
      @DougBow96 2 года назад

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 I wish

  • @joewoodchuck3824
    @joewoodchuck3824 2 года назад +1

    How do you control yaw without a rudder?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Joe, on a flexwing we can't control yaw but the wing design controls it automatically.

  • @NicholasStreet
    @NicholasStreet 2 года назад +1

    That’s 15mph faster than my Peabee which would be a very worthwhile gain. What RPM are you doing at that speed? Peabee is 5300 to 5400. Very tempted if I could find a buyer for my Fox 13 wing. Does it take longer to rig?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Nick, do you have the hang point mod on your current wing as my Fox was doing 42mph so there wasn't that much difference in speed. I had to keep my Moster at 58/5900 for level flight on the Fox and I'm more 59/6k for the Adam, which is only natural to maintain level as the faster speed.

    • @NicholasStreet
      @NicholasStreet 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 I’ve got the standard hang point. 35 is probably the best L/D speed for the wing so trimming it faster probably won’t increase the range at all which is what’s most important to me. I suspect the Adam wing would be a bit more efficient at a higher speed due to the increased double surface and possibly less washout.

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      The Adam certainly covers ground for not much more rpm increase.

  • @captclivemason
    @captclivemason 2 года назад +1

    Cool

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Clive, always good to see you in the comments.

  • @neilbarriskell7840
    @neilbarriskell7840 2 года назад +1

    Don’t think you ever need to explain mate, we love what we love…

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi Neil, I hope you are well? I wish the silly mic didn't cover my silly grin. I'm one happy bunny.

    • @neilbarriskell7840
      @neilbarriskell7840 2 года назад

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 it was obvious you were grinning like one happy man!

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад +1

      I'm just a big kid really. They never said I had to grow up. :)

    • @neilbarriskell7840
      @neilbarriskell7840 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 recognise that

  • @freebiker2765
    @freebiker2765 2 года назад +1

    Hi Giles. Thanks for the video - you always boost my confidence and pleasure in my Adam! Flying from Perranporth and now Truro, I don't have anyone else flying sub-70s to talk to. So when I come back down and tell people how bumpy it was, I usually get blank looks from the 3-axis and GT450 pilots... Here are some short clips from my flight last week from Truro to Trelissick and back: ruclips.net/video/amuXDmBJacg/видео.html
    I haven't shown the take-off and landing, as it might encourage some criticism! (Although you may be able to see it on my u-tube site). What this has got me wondering is to know how comfortable you are in testing conditions - can you demonstrate this in a video? I remember an earlier video of yours when you said that it was so bumpy you decided to land as you weren't enjoying it. Ben explained to me that Truro is on the convergence zone, with afternoon sea breezes on the north and south coasts. On this flight, when I reached Trelissick, the air was calmer - although by that time I was already tired from the constant beating, and still had the return and landing ahead of me, so I didn't stay there long. Anyway, this is a long message to ask you to try something about flying conditions!! Cheers
    John

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Hi John, thank you for the reply, I'm glad they do boost your confidence. If the wind is too strong or too cross I genuinely don't fly now so these factors are my personal safety for flying. I've not found it too bumpy yet.. But I'm always check the lapse rates so I know what I'm letting myself in for. Can you explain again what you were looking for?

    • @freebiker2765
      @freebiker2765 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 Hi Giles. I think you have answered my question - if you were faced with the turbulence shown in my video, I’m guessing you wouldn’t continue. I could fly from Perranporth in N winds and keep to the coastline, but for various reasons I really like to fly from Truro and that means dealing with the convergence. I feel sure that the Adam can cope with it but, as I said, I don’t have anyone to compare with here. Other pilots urge me to go above the clouds (supported by your reference to the DALR) but, so far, I haven’t flown higher than 2500 ft, unless with the instructor in the GT450. Obviously I try as far as possible to fly later in the day when things calm down a bit but if I only flew when conditions were ideal, I wouldn’t get that much flying in. I am lucky in having two places to fly from less than 30 mins away so will continue to make the best of the opportunities they offer. And as always, I’ll continue enjoying your videos! Cheers John

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      @@freebiker2765 the video looked OK and I would have happily flown in those conditions. The the more you expose yourself, the more you will trust your machine. We would all like glassy air but if we, waited for those days we would fly about 3 times a year. Build up in stages and you will be in a position to fly in a wider range of conditions. I've subscribed so can follow any future videos you put on YT. Safe flying John.

    • @freebiker2765
      @freebiker2765 2 года назад +1

      @@GolfFoxtrot22 That’s great, Giles. It’s all I wanted to know - whether it’s ok to fly like that, so that’s a great help. When I’ve been flying through turbulence the rational side of me was saying it’s fine, while the more cautious side has been hovering over the panic button! More videos will follow of the south coast around Truro which is very beautiful. All the best. John

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      @@freebiker2765 I look forward to them John.

  • @blue_beephang-glider5417
    @blue_beephang-glider5417 2 года назад +1

    OK, a nanolight is sub 70Kg. What in God’s name is a P. B. ? Then there is a trike then a General Aviation Aircraft?

    • @GolfFoxtrot22
      @GolfFoxtrot22  2 года назад

      Sub70 is a UK licence free form of flying. If it's heavier than 70 kgs it becomes a microlight and requires a licence to fly it. A Peabee is a make of Sub70 machine, made by Flylight with an Aeros wing, probably the best selling machine at the moment. A trike is a wheel configuration and General Aviation covers all non commercial flying in the UK, so from Hang Gliding to Cessna s etc. I hope that helps clarify a few of your questions.