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It seems like Mark Anthony is the equivalent of French marshal Michel Ney, an extremely effective soldier and field commander, but struggle when it comes to large scale military organization, and work better as subordinates rather than independent commanders
@@masterplokoon8803did he say he wasn’t? Or are you just doing the Popular thing and Pushing YOUR OPINION on to someone else? Reading Comprehension is a Powerful Tool! Should’ve mastered it in 3rd grade!!!!!
@@iamzeusandthisisthetruth4229 I was not disagreeing with him, I was just adding on to what he said. Military wise they had a lot in common but as people while they had some things in common they were very diferent. Not sure why you exploded with anger and started insulting me. And yes Michel Ney was a much better man than Marc Antony.
Honestly, the impact of Parthians on Roman civil wars is very much underestimated. While, the civil war between the first triumvirate may have been inevitable, it was Parthians who started it by killing Crassus. At the same time, they were possibly the main reason Anthony lost in Actium due to his heavy losses in Media. Again, this shows the impact of narrative and propaganda in the ancient sources. Something that is not limited to just Rome.
Crassus was the one who started it all in an attempt to outdo Caesar and Pompey. Furthermore, the Parthians knew that an army of tens of thousands of men demands gigantic resources. And combined with terrain and weather, friction alone can do great damage to an army. They did what the Russians did to Napoleon.
@@kambiz7556 Parthians are only the cavalry part of the Iranian armies which have the Romans a hard time. An unspoken part is the Dailamite infantry which went toe to toe with Roman Legionaries during the Sassanid wars.
IMO, that large a commitment of troops by Antony wasn't simply to subdue the Medes. That army was meant for Parthian conquest. Julius Caesar had 40k men for the Gallic Wars. Crassus had dreams of conquering Parthia and had just as much men as Caesar did. Antony amassed about 90k-100k men. The political pulling, money, resources, manpower to get all this together wasn't just for some punitive raid or to overwhelm some satellite state of a rival. Antony was trying to be Alexander the Great.
Sextus Pompey was only 32 years old when he died. Had he bit the bullet and swore fealty to Antony and just bided his time under Antony, perhaps things could have turned out better for him in the long run. Being a experienced and battle hardened naval commander and learning many lessons from fighting Agrippa on the seas. I'm sure he could have prevented Agrippa from stealing Antony's ships when Octavian and Antony came into conflict. Also just imagine if he was put in command of the Roman-Egyptian fleet at Actium. Perhaps he could have won that naval engagement.
@@AniTube-ds8uzI disagree. At this point, it was clear how dangerous and cunning Sextus was. Antony did the right thing by killing him so as to get rid of a capable rival.
@@yem982What?? Lol. I guess you are not familiar how Agripa totally defeated Anthony by nothing else but positioning, logistics and patience. Anthony showed he was terrible strategist.
Thank you again for another wonderful historical video. We only hear of Anthony and Cleopatra but never the period between the death of Caesar and Anthony with Cleopatra.
@@canal7543Belisarius who was just as talented as Caesar lost to the Persians on a number of occasions lol. The Persians truly were Rome’s greatest enemies.
@@ImperatorAugustus Sure, tactically he was at Caesar's level, but he made quite a lot of strategic and logistical blunders, stuff Caesar wouldn't have done.
Hey all, I was the writer and historian for this episode, hope you enjoyed it! If you have any feedback or questions, please do leave them below and I'll do my best to get around to them when I can!
Ngl, your evalutation on Sextus is a total surprise. I was expecting to hear a long line of tactical blunders which is why I was so caught off guard when hearing what happened to him. Regarding Sextus, I do not agree that he came close to defeating Octavian, although he held out for so long, I dont think he has any hope of destroying the caeserians. I think Brutus and Cassius are the last people who had a chance of destorying the triumviurs and with them gone, it became inevitable that the republic is doomed. Sextus is doomed for failure from the start, but I will give him credit for making the best out of his situation. Still good video though
@@darrylerren8185 Thanks for the comment! What I mean by Sextus succeeding isn't really the out and out defeat of Octavian, but more that he was very close to placing himself on the same level as Antony and Octavian. I think it's easy to overlook but in 39BC Sextus was proably in the strongest position out of all of them, Antony and Octavian were really backed into a corner and did brilliantly to negotiate from a position of weakness and get something beneficial out of it. I think it's highly likely that, if Sextus had managed to prolong the negotiations in 39BC, he would have been able to force a peace that included terms which had him as a triumvir instead of Lepidus, or making things a Quadvirate with himself as the fourth ruler. If he'd been able to achieve that, who knows how things would have developed from there. After 39BC, yes, he was doomed to failure, but I genuinely do think that there was a time where he could very realistically have negotiated terms that gave him similar amount of power to Octavian and Antony, which could have allowed him to become a much more potent threat.
Hello ! The episode was a gret listen. I'm currently writing in the context of my studies a paper on the parthian campaign of Marc antony. I'd like to ask you what would you recommand as secondary literature on the subject of this campaign ? @petervoller3404
My thoughts on this topic: I think that the Parthian King benefited from Anthony's failure in capturing Praaia or all of North Media. As you said earlier in the video, the Parthian King wanted more control of his empire. This is a very good example of it. Anthony attacks the city, but fails to take it. This would be a perfect for the Parthian King to establish control over North Media. And to show that he has the ability to lead and protect his empire from outside forces.
For the longest time history channels only ever cover the Octavian campaigns over this period and only giving Athony the drama of his affair with Cleopatra for his political moves but you guys cover everything like you actually covered the Parthia campaign which most other hand wave over. You are the BEST.
18:46 It should be noted that when given opportunity Anthony wanted to get back the prisoners and the eagle standards of roman legions. I feel this consitent action shows quite a bit of Anthony's motivation. I don't think parthia was his main goal anyway. He needed significant political victory to win the political game in rome vs octavian. While conquest of Parthia would have been great it was probably sufficient for him to get back the roman prisoners and the eagle standards and hopefully score a minor victory against parthians. This would allow him to claim to havin avenged the death of crassus which seemed to be politically a huge deal for romans at the time.
Thank you so much. I have been waiting for this excellent K&G documentary on Anthony's Parthian invasion since around 34 BC! Regardless it was well worth the wait!! KINGS AND GENERALS always delivers!
Another question, how Alexander the great was able to fight at gaugamela at october?and how heraclius fought Battle in ninivhe in Winter?or Mesopotamia was Better suited for autumn and Winter than armenia?
@@minatodroger7890 I'd say the possibility of him dying in a skirmish was higher than his campaigns against Gauls The Parthians weren't like his previous enemies and not easy to be lured into a battle Compared to Gauls and Germans, the Parthians could damage a more numerous army even while they were outnumbered, had better battle equipments, had faster and more maneuverable armies, more effective natural barriers such as Zagros and Alborz mountains and more resources for a retaliation Invicta made a series about it A little biased but almost accurate
Cesar has a very large number of campaign in all part of the world, Galica, Africa, Egypt, East, Britain, Italy etc he always won, Napoleon considered that Was is the best general of the history. So let's not underestimate him, this man was a war machine@@ramtin5152
I just wan to say that Romans sack parthian capital 9 times. How many times Parthians come in roman lands ?? the continuous wars with Rome led to the collapse of the Parthians who were replaced by the Sassanids who in turn were replaced by the Arabs while Rome survived to see all this.
@@macellaio5452 First of all, where the hell does 9 times come from ? WTF ? It was 3 times Second, take a look at where Ctesiphon is and then take a look at where Rome is That capital that was literally one or two cities away from the eastern borders of Rome Pre islamic Iranian empires (except Medians) had several capitals around the empire The Parthians had 7 different capitals with 4 or 5 of them being beyond Zagros mountains and outside Mesopotamia The sack of Ctesiphon barely even mattered to them The sacks happened whenever there wasn't any army there or the empire was in civil war I mean look at the states of the Parthians and the Sassanid when Trajan and Carus attacked Their empire was literally divided in two with the western parts of it being seized by a usurper king called Osroes I (same guy who provoked Trajan to attack) During Carus attack, the Sassanid Shah was in the east fighting rebels
Damn u guys should really keep your playlists updated. I like to binge watch these videos chronologically, so i can jump from one era to another or one civ to another.
I was in awe with Marc Anthony this time. However, the episode got better with the telling of Sextus' time. Oh, what a tenacious commander. What a series on this civil war. The greatest civil war that ever existed and probably one of the greatest wars in all Antiquity. Thank you, K&G!
Once again this video was a godsend for anyone interested in this event. I was very impressed with the coverage of details. Another winner for Kings and Generals!!!
Good to finally see another episode on this series. I wonder if it wasn't for betrayal by the Armenian king, how successful Anthony's campaign in Parthia would have been. It's nice to see you paint a positive light on Anthony too. He is often overlooked in videos/topics on this era. I believe during the retreat, Anthony often himself personally led the charges to fight back the Parthians. There's a few points to rebuff in this episode. 1)I believe the actually story re the siege engines is that the Armenian king betrayed Anthony and gave up the position to the Parthians, and obviously the withdrawl. Leading to Anthony annexing Armenia later on 2) Gallus I believe actually was denied the request, but attacked anyway and lost most of his men. Source Anthony by Allan Massie
I am wondering if Caesar would have been successful or not in his Parthian Campagin. Once you look at the military organisation and fighting style of both it is easily to see that Parthians held advantage over Romans which was easily seen in Carrahe but then you have to take into account that Caesar often turned the situation around and achieved what looked impossible (Alesia being a prime example). Caesar's ability to manipulate the terrain into his advantage or at least mitigate the disadvantage was one of his unique excellent trait. Would he have been able to do the same in Parthia?
Caesar might have been smart enough to avoid a Carhae situation. He would have probably hired Horse Archers of his own. But for arguments sake if he was ambushed like Crassus was in Carhae then the only thing he could do is die.
@@grimgoreironhide9985 possibly though his defeat at Ruspina would have made Caesar know the dangers of light cavalry, and if he was in Armenia like Antonius he may have had more Armenian light cavalry, as well as scouts. Antonius was a good commander but no Caesar.
@@Liquidsback I'll 2nd you. Ruspina-Thapsus was, in my opinion, the closest Caesar probably came to utter annihilation and he might have been defeated with slim chance to come back yet we see him turning the situation around by waiting patiently and changing the situation of the battle before actually fighting it
Kings and generals brilliant as always. Roman history is one of the most fascinating periods. Thank you for this video. We always appreciate your hard work and dedication towards these videos. Love from Sri Lanka ❤️.
Sextus was screwed by his so-called allies, especially the ones that pushed him to take the crappy peace deal that only gave him what he already had. The Caesarian faction was by no means perfect, but they clearly seemed to have had the higher concentration of quality subordinates. It does make you wonder how things might have shaped out if he had ignored them and played his hand when he had a total advantage.
Mark Antony's Invasion of Parthia reminds me of Napoleon's invasion of Russia. However Mark Antony was more successful than Napoleon in managing to retreat with the army mostly intact. Furthermore, the Parthians knew that an army of tens of thousands of men demands gigantic resources. And combined with terrain and weather, friction alone can do great damage to an army. They did what the Russians did to Napoleon.
I love these docs. Brilliant as alwys. Love you guys. We alwys appreciate your hard work and dedication towards these videos. Your huge fan from Sri Lanka ❤️🔥.
@@ramtin5152Most people don't even know about Parthia. You can walk up to just about anybody in the world and ask them if they've heard of the Romans and you'll get a yes, but Parthia not so much. Parthia who?
I just wan to say that Romans sack parthian capital 9 times. How many times Parthians come in roman lands ?? the continuous wars with Rome led to the collapse of the Parthians who were replaced by the Sassanids who in turn were replaced by the Arabs while Rome survived to see all this.
Finally after so many months 😊😊 And do you have plans making video on akkadian empire and really ancient battles and on there governing system? It will be great if you make this kind of video😊😊😊
The east and the west in perpetuous clashes ..... long time before the crusades !! This video is a piece of art that show how old the litigation is ... great work as always !! Got my full support
This is perfect, since I recently started an Imperator Augustus campaign in total war rome 2 as Parthia. Weird thing is that Antony NEVER wants peace with you, even when you're destroying him, so I just end up annexing all of Antony's Rome as Parthia, lmao
Finally, i been waiting for this episode i love learning more about Ancient Rome❤❤❤. Kings and Generals make an interesting topic called the Reconquista that happen during the Umayyad invasion of Gaul starting the Battle of Covandonga.
Parthians were probably the best Iranian empire we've had, they didn't over-expand like Achaemenids, they weren't a theocracy like Sassanids, they weren't internally unstable like Meds, and they were not under foreign influence like post-Islamic Iranian empires.
But they didn't leave anything behind. They didn't cultivate knowledge and the arts. They didn't care for building cities and achieving magnificent feats of architecture. They ruled Iran for four centuries and yet there isn't a single piece of Parthian architecture or literature, or even an impressive piece of art today. That's in stark contrast to the Sassanians and Achaemenids whose achievements were so great and numerous that the world we live in today would be vastly different if not for them.
@@lambert801as a person who read hundreds of books and essays about Parthians from experts all what you claim are some how misunderstandings by former and not contemporary historians with the least knowledge about Parthians and affects by Sassanids propagandas against Parthians and Romans biased. The architecture of Sassanids was the continuation of Parthian architecture which invented by them and it was their novelty.also Parthians established many cities which the capital of Ctesiphon is just one of them.the mythological history of Iran proved to be promoted by Parthians and Parthians included most of the legendary characters in this mythology as the word Parthian created a culture:Pahlavani which means be like Parthian which still exist and Sassanids were not aliens to Parthians as Parthians were not to Seleucids but if Sassanids were Iranian by culture and civilization we should Thank the former processes lead by the ones great Parthians and of course 500 years of Parthians erased by 400 years of Sassanids as they needed to define as only legitimate just rulers over the empire and by Parthians i mean the Arsacids because all other Parthian clans were still in Sassanid empire as main aristocratic powers and military man or politicians like grand vazirs so If Sassanids were great again the back bone created by Parthians based on the fact that Sassanids were successors of Parthians not kianids which were not factual history but mythology.also Parthian art was so unique and you can read and search about Parthian battery and at least doubt about your presumptions which you seem to believe them as historical facts no need at all to criticize them.military novelty is also a great impact of Parthian heritage which comes from schytian origin.
@@MM-fv1pi 100 percent Iranic people .there is lots of sources proving it which you can just search parthian language in RUclips and see if they were Iranic or turkic.
I just wan to say that Romans sack parthian capital 9 times. How many times Parthians come in roman lands ?? the continuous wars with Rome led to the collapse of the Parthians who were replaced by the Sassanids who in turn were replaced by the Arabs while Rome survived to see all this.
The rulers of the empire had a reputation for being “lovers of Greek culture.” The Parthian emperors had a phrase written on their coins, which shows that they recognized, embraced and even politically promoted the diverse nature of their empire. The Emperor Phraates IV, who reigned from 38 to 2 BC, followed this general tendency. On his coins, the phrase was written: “Phraates IV, King of kings, lover of the Greeks.” The Persian Empire, which had been destroyed by Alexander the Great, would certainly not have minted coins with the words “lover of the Greeks.” share in power.
Greeks occupied Iran for 200 years from 330 BCE to 130 BCE until Parthians liberated it. Greeks practiced settler colonization, Parthians did not want to antagonize powerful Greek nobles born out of this colonization, hence why they pulled a "Greek-lover", and used Greek as official language, a façade to make the Greeks feel comfortable and keep them on their own side. Otherwise Parthians tried to link themselves to preceeding Achaemenids, saw themselves as their successors, and even uses their title King of Kings did not use Greek title Basileus. Even Sasanians, ethnic Persian dynasty succeeding Parthia in 224 AD, used Greek language in inscriptions until about 295 AD when Greek was omitted by Narseh in favor of Persian. Greek was official in Iran for over 500 years after death of Alexander.
@@erenaygun9696 I do not persume that Greek was the lingua franca during the Sassanids, it was middle Persian. Even during the reign of Arsacid dynasty the language was Parthian and they only had some minor inscriptions like Helenophile on their coins.
@@GhostofKingHamlet I didn't say it was lingua franca, I said it was official alongside Parthian/Middle Persian. Greek language never spread in Iran too much beyond Greek colonizers themselves
Mark Antony : By defying Rome, you Parthian scums made a serious mistake *Separates his provisions from his main army* Phraates IV : *Bane's voice* Oh not as serious as your's, I assume *More of Antony's men get slaughtered* Phraates IV : *Bane's voice* Banging Cleopatra has cost your strength, Ventidius victories have defeated you
amazing channel and footage as always. Just a tip, dont tell us who got defeated,(Parthians Defeated the Romans Again) would like to find our in video ;)
Anthony did figure out the counter to horse-archer spam: Bring 2-3 times as many skirmishers. Out-shoot them. - Sextus Pompey could win the battles - but not the war. Exactly because he was inept on the political stage, all his victories in the field amounted to nothing. Becoming a Bigshot in Rome is 50% battlefield performance, 50% political performance. He only had 1/2 of he equation.
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Is there more of this series on your patreon?
It seems like Mark Anthony is the equivalent of French marshal Michel Ney, an extremely effective soldier and field commander, but struggle when it comes to large scale military organization, and work better as subordinates rather than independent commanders
That is very true
Ney was a much better man than Antony though.
@@masterplokoon8803did he say he wasn’t? Or are you just doing the Popular thing and Pushing YOUR OPINION on to someone else? Reading Comprehension is a Powerful Tool! Should’ve mastered it in 3rd grade!!!!!
@@iamzeusandthisisthetruth4229 I was not disagreeing with him, I was just adding on to what he said. Military wise they had a lot in common but as people while they had some things in common they were very diferent. Not sure why you exploded with anger and started insulting me. And yes Michel Ney was a much better man than Marc Antony.
@@iamzeusandthisisthetruth4229 Calm down you fruitcake.
Honestly, the impact of Parthians on Roman civil wars is very much underestimated. While, the civil war between the first triumvirate may have been inevitable, it was Parthians who started it by killing Crassus. At the same time, they were possibly the main reason Anthony lost in Actium due to his heavy losses in Media.
Again, this shows the impact of narrative and propaganda in the ancient sources. Something that is not limited to just Rome.
Mark Anthony was not a bad commander but he wasn't at Julius Caesar's level. He didn't have his same level of cleverness, capacity of management, etc
Crassus was the one who started it all in an attempt to outdo Caesar and Pompey. Furthermore, the Parthians knew that an army of tens of thousands of men demands gigantic resources. And combined with terrain and weather, friction alone can do great damage to an army. They did what the Russians did to Napoleon.
@@vitorpereira9515The same scenario as when the Persians tried to pacify the Scythians. They got no success and had to leave due to poor logistics.
Unfortunately, the Parthians are always underestimated and underrated throughout the history. Iranians owe a great deal to them.
@@kambiz7556 Parthians are only the cavalry part of the Iranian armies which have the Romans a hard time. An unspoken part is the Dailamite infantry which went toe to toe with Roman Legionaries during the Sassanid wars.
You are probably one of the very few RUclips history channels that speaks critically about the historical sources. Great job as always
Thank you for ur comment. Thank you for your efforts @KingsAndGenerals.
IMO, that large a commitment of troops by Antony wasn't simply to subdue the Medes. That army was meant for Parthian conquest. Julius Caesar had 40k men for the Gallic Wars. Crassus had dreams of conquering Parthia and had just as much men as Caesar did. Antony amassed about 90k-100k men. The political pulling, money, resources, manpower to get all this together wasn't just for some punitive raid or to overwhelm some satellite state of a rival.
Antony was trying to be Alexander the Great.
Antony started too late,he should had started in spring/summer if wanted cross Mesopotamia
Sextus Pompey was only 32 years old when he died. Had he bit the bullet and swore fealty to Antony and just bided his time under Antony, perhaps things could have turned out better for him in the long run. Being a experienced and battle hardened naval commander and learning many lessons from fighting Agrippa on the seas. I'm sure he could have prevented Agrippa from stealing Antony's ships when Octavian and Antony came into conflict. Also just imagine if he was put in command of the Roman-Egyptian fleet at Actium. Perhaps he could have won that naval engagement.
20:00
Shit, only 2 years older than me and he blockaded all of Rome.
Kind of a chad actually.
Probably one of the reasons for Ceaser’s clemency. Killing valuable and experienced Romans isn’t always the best decision.
should get this as a what if video
@@AniTube-ds8uzI disagree. At this point, it was clear how dangerous and cunning Sextus was. Antony did the right thing by killing him so as to get rid of a capable rival.
Caesar and Pompey be spinning in their graves watching the blunders of their sucessors
Well it wasn't as bad as Crassus at least.
Parthia was different than Gaul and Spain. Mark Anthony was a good strategist.
@@yem982What?? Lol. I guess you are not familiar how Agripa totally defeated Anthony by nothing else but positioning, logistics and patience. Anthony showed he was terrible strategist.
I’m pretty sure Pompey made just as much blunders if not more.
@@PavelKahun You can't compare Gaul with Parthia. On land Anthony was not bad.
Roman civil war is one of my favourite documentaries. Thank you, Kings and General's Team!
Thank you again for another wonderful historical video. We only hear of Anthony and Cleopatra but never the period between the death of Caesar and Anthony with Cleopatra.
Mark Anthony failed because he wasn't at Julius Caesar's level
@@canal7543many generals aren't
@@canal7543Belisarius who was just as talented as Caesar lost to the Persians on a number of occasions lol. The Persians truly were Rome’s greatest enemies.
@@ImperatorAugustus Sure, tactically he was at Caesar's level, but he made quite a lot of strategic and logistical blunders, stuff Caesar wouldn't have done.
Hey all, I was the writer and historian for this episode, hope you enjoyed it! If you have any feedback or questions, please do leave them below and I'll do my best to get around to them when I can!
Ngl, your evalutation on Sextus is a total surprise. I was expecting to hear a long line of tactical blunders which is why I was so caught off guard when hearing what happened to him.
Regarding Sextus, I do not agree that he came close to defeating Octavian, although he held out for so long, I dont think he has any hope of destroying the caeserians. I think Brutus and Cassius are the last people who had a chance of destorying the triumviurs and with them gone, it became inevitable that the republic is doomed. Sextus is doomed for failure from the start, but I will give him credit for making the best out of his situation. Still good video though
Very good, balanced view of Antony's campaign, "a defeat but not a disaster."
More about Iranian history, please 😍
@@darrylerren8185 Thanks for the comment! What I mean by Sextus succeeding isn't really the out and out defeat of Octavian, but more that he was very close to placing himself on the same level as Antony and Octavian. I think it's easy to overlook but in 39BC Sextus was proably in the strongest position out of all of them, Antony and Octavian were really backed into a corner and did brilliantly to negotiate from a position of weakness and get something beneficial out of it. I think it's highly likely that, if Sextus had managed to prolong the negotiations in 39BC, he would have been able to force a peace that included terms which had him as a triumvir instead of Lepidus, or making things a Quadvirate with himself as the fourth ruler. If he'd been able to achieve that, who knows how things would have developed from there. After 39BC, yes, he was doomed to failure, but I genuinely do think that there was a time where he could very realistically have negotiated terms that gave him similar amount of power to Octavian and Antony, which could have allowed him to become a much more potent threat.
Hello ! The episode was a gret listen. I'm currently writing in the context of my studies a paper on the parthian campaign of Marc antony. I'd like to ask you what would you recommand as secondary literature on the subject of this campaign ?
@petervoller3404
My thoughts on this topic: I think that the Parthian King benefited from Anthony's failure in capturing Praaia or all of North Media. As you said earlier in the video, the Parthian King wanted more control of his empire. This is a very good example of it. Anthony attacks the city, but fails to take it. This would be a perfect for the Parthian King to establish control over North Media. And to show that he has the ability to lead and protect his empire from outside forces.
I love how your series formatted videos are basically like binge watching a tv show. It is very satisfying and even better, informative to the utmost.
For the longest time history channels only ever cover the Octavian campaigns over this period and only giving Athony the drama of his affair with Cleopatra for his political moves but you guys cover everything like you actually covered the Parthia campaign which most other hand wave over. You are the BEST.
18:46 It should be noted that when given opportunity Anthony wanted to get back the prisoners and the eagle standards of roman legions. I feel this consitent action shows quite a bit of Anthony's motivation.
I don't think parthia was his main goal anyway. He needed significant political victory to win the political game in rome vs octavian. While conquest of Parthia would have been great it was probably sufficient for him to get back the roman prisoners and the eagle standards and hopefully score a minor victory against parthians. This would allow him to claim to havin avenged the death of crassus which seemed to be politically a huge deal for romans at the time.
Thank you so much. I have been waiting for this excellent K&G documentary on Anthony's Parthian invasion since around 34 BC!
Regardless it was well worth the wait!! KINGS AND GENERALS always delivers!
Antony launched his attack too late. It was foolish to try and fight so close to winter.
Also seperating his siege engines was another huge blunder.
Another question, how Alexander the great was able to fight at gaugamela at october?and how heraclius fought Battle in ninivhe in Winter?or Mesopotamia was Better suited for autumn and Winter than armenia?
@@alessandrogini5283 Yes Mesopotamia is warmer than Armenia even in winter
Parthians: How many times do we have to teach you this lesson, old man!?
Makes me wish caesar did fight them to see if they would have wrecked him too
@@minatodroger7890 I'd say the possibility of him dying in a skirmish was higher than his campaigns against Gauls
The Parthians weren't like his previous enemies and not easy to be lured into a battle
Compared to Gauls and Germans, the Parthians could damage a more numerous army even while they were outnumbered, had better battle equipments, had faster and more maneuverable armies, more effective natural barriers such as Zagros and Alborz mountains and more resources for a retaliation
Invicta made a series about it
A little biased but almost accurate
Cesar has a very large number of campaign in all part of the world, Galica, Africa, Egypt, East, Britain, Italy etc he always won, Napoleon considered that Was is the best general of the history. So let's not underestimate him, this man was a war machine@@ramtin5152
I just wan to say that Romans sack parthian capital 9 times. How many times Parthians come in roman lands ?? the continuous wars with Rome led to the collapse of the Parthians who were replaced by the Sassanids who in turn were replaced by the Arabs while Rome survived to see all this.
@@macellaio5452 First of all, where the hell does 9 times come from ? WTF ? It was 3 times
Second, take a look at where Ctesiphon is and then take a look at where Rome is
That capital that was literally one or two cities away from the eastern borders of Rome
Pre islamic Iranian empires (except Medians) had several capitals around the empire
The Parthians had 7 different capitals with 4 or 5 of them being beyond Zagros mountains and outside Mesopotamia
The sack of Ctesiphon barely even mattered to them
The sacks happened whenever there wasn't any army there or the empire was in civil war
I mean look at the states of the Parthians and the Sassanid when Trajan and Carus attacked
Their empire was literally divided in two with the western parts of it being seized by a usurper king called Osroes I (same guy who provoked Trajan to attack)
During Carus attack, the Sassanid Shah was in the east fighting rebels
Damn u guys should really keep your playlists updated.
I like to binge watch these videos chronologically, so i can jump from one era to another or one civ to another.
I was in awe with Marc Anthony this time. However, the episode got better with the telling of Sextus' time. Oh, what a tenacious commander. What a series on this civil war. The greatest civil war that ever existed and probably one of the greatest wars in all Antiquity.
Thank you, K&G!
Once again this video was a godsend for anyone interested in this event. I was very impressed with the coverage of details.
Another winner for Kings and Generals!!!
Good to finally see another episode on this series. I wonder if it wasn't for betrayal by the Armenian king, how successful Anthony's campaign in Parthia would have been. It's nice to see you paint a positive light on Anthony too. He is often overlooked in videos/topics on this era. I believe during the retreat, Anthony often himself personally led the charges to fight back the Parthians.
There's a few points to rebuff in this episode.
1)I believe the actually story re the siege engines is that the Armenian king betrayed Anthony and gave up the position to the Parthians, and obviously the withdrawl. Leading to Anthony annexing Armenia later on
2) Gallus I believe actually was denied the request, but attacked anyway and lost most of his men.
Source Anthony by Allan Massie
Also if Octavian had sent the legions that he promised to Anthony, but he didn't due to his conniving nature.
I am wondering if Caesar would have been successful or not in his Parthian Campagin. Once you look at the military organisation and fighting style of both it is easily to see that Parthians held advantage over Romans which was easily seen in Carrahe but then you have to take into account that Caesar often turned the situation around and achieved what looked impossible (Alesia being a prime example). Caesar's ability to manipulate the terrain into his advantage or at least mitigate the disadvantage was one of his unique excellent trait. Would he have been able to do the same in Parthia?
We will never know thanks to Brutus and his companions.
Caesar might have been smart enough to avoid a Carhae situation. He would have probably hired Horse Archers of his own. But for arguments sake if he was ambushed like Crassus was in Carhae then the only thing he could do is die.
@@grimgoreironhide9985 possibly though his defeat at Ruspina would have made Caesar know the dangers of light cavalry, and if he was in Armenia like Antonius he may have had more Armenian light cavalry, as well as scouts. Antonius was a good commander but no Caesar.
@@Liquidsback I'll 2nd you. Ruspina-Thapsus was, in my opinion, the closest Caesar probably came to utter annihilation and he might have been defeated with slim chance to come back yet we see him turning the situation around by waiting patiently and changing the situation of the battle before actually fighting it
They should get wizards and warriors to do a series on this lmao
i like your debate at the end of the series on the legitimacy of your sources,that shows us that your a transparent channel
Kings and generals brilliant as always. Roman history is one of the most fascinating periods. Thank you for this video. We always appreciate your hard work and dedication towards these videos. Love from Sri Lanka ❤️.
Sextus was screwed by his so-called allies, especially the ones that pushed him to take the crappy peace deal that only gave him what he already had. The Caesarian faction was by no means perfect, but they clearly seemed to have had the higher concentration of quality subordinates. It does make you wonder how things might have shaped out if he had ignored them and played his hand when he had a total advantage.
Mark Antony's Invasion of Parthia reminds me of Napoleon's invasion of Russia. However Mark Antony was more successful than Napoleon in managing to retreat with the army mostly intact. Furthermore, the Parthians knew that an army of tens of thousands of men demands gigantic resources. And combined with terrain and weather, friction alone can do great damage to an army. They did what the Russians did to Napoleon.
The logistic problems are quite similar to
I love this series! Outstanding work!
Glad you liked it!
Best series on the channel so far. Not just visualization of wide known events, but also analysis of actions of leaders
These videos are getting better and better, this was one of my favs
So happy to see another K&G video on ancient Rome!
I love these docs. Brilliant as alwys. Love you guys. We alwys appreciate your hard work and dedication towards these videos. Your huge fan from Sri Lanka ❤️🔥.
I can't tell how much i was eager for this thanks really
My respect to all Parthian warriors who died defending their country.
Rome: invades
The Parthians: *"HOW MANY TIMES DO WE HAVE TO TEACH YOU THIS LESSON OLD MAN??"*
Ventidius: Luckily I'm retired.
@@Liquidsback Phraates IV : Luckily for you, you didn't face me instead of my stupid brother
@@ramtin5152Most people don't even know about Parthia. You can walk up to just about anybody in the world and ask them if they've heard of the Romans and you'll get a yes, but Parthia not so much. Parthia who?
@@Wasteland88 So ?
I just wan to say that Romans sack parthian capital 9 times. How many times Parthians come in roman lands ?? the continuous wars with Rome led to the collapse of the Parthians who were replaced by the Sassanids who in turn were replaced by the Arabs while Rome survived to see all this.
Finally after so many months 😊😊
And do you have plans making video on akkadian empire and really ancient battles and on there governing system? It will be great if you make this kind of video😊😊😊
That would be awesome ❤ i hope he eventually does the akkadian empire as a series
The east and the west in perpetuous clashes ..... long time before the crusades !! This video is a piece of art that show how old the litigation is ... great work as always !! Got my full support
This is perfect, since I recently started an Imperator Augustus campaign in total war rome 2 as Parthia. Weird thing is that Antony NEVER wants peace with you, even when you're destroying him, so I just end up annexing all of Antony's Rome as Parthia, lmao
Thanks for an EPIC installment! ⚔🔥🙌
I am anxious about the Xenofont anabasis series!
I read the whole book when I was studying greek. Veryfun.
That view of Delius writing was interesting. He couldn't seem to get enough ink on his pen to continue!!
Hope you guys are doing well! Thanks for another great video guys, I've learned so much about history following y'all, can't wait for future releases.
As always another great video ,thank you kings and generals for keeping history alive
A future vid on how Rome conquered thrace would be really interesting!
Finally, i been waiting for this episode i love learning more about Ancient Rome❤❤❤.
Kings and Generals make an interesting topic called the Reconquista that happen during the Umayyad invasion of Gaul starting the Battle of Covandonga.
Outstanding as usual. Thank you all for your work!
I really enjoy these classical series,very informative-it limits manipulation of history,Thanks Kings and Generals
OOOOOH IVE BEEN WAITING FOR THIS
FINALLYYYYYYY. I was worried this series was done
So glad to see this series was not abandoned
That is great! Long waiting for this but worth it!
Nice video ... can you make more videos about roman-persian wars.. thank you
As always thank you for the video
Thanks for watching!
@@KingsandGenerals of course & keep up the great work 👍🏻
Parthians were probably the best Iranian empire we've had, they didn't over-expand like Achaemenids, they weren't a theocracy like Sassanids, they weren't internally unstable like Meds, and they were not under foreign influence like post-Islamic Iranian empires.
But they didn't leave anything behind. They didn't cultivate knowledge and the arts. They didn't care for building cities and achieving magnificent feats of architecture. They ruled Iran for four centuries and yet there isn't a single piece of Parthian architecture or literature, or even an impressive piece of art today. That's in stark contrast to the Sassanians and Achaemenids whose achievements were so great and numerous that the world we live in today would be vastly different if not for them.
@@lambert801as a person who read hundreds of books and essays about Parthians from experts all what you claim are some how misunderstandings by former and not contemporary historians with the least knowledge about Parthians and affects by Sassanids propagandas against Parthians and Romans biased.
The architecture of Sassanids was the continuation of Parthian architecture which invented by them and it was their novelty.also Parthians established many cities which the capital of Ctesiphon is just one of them.the mythological history of Iran proved to be promoted by Parthians and Parthians included most of the legendary characters in this mythology as the word Parthian created a culture:Pahlavani which means be like Parthian which still exist and Sassanids were not aliens to Parthians as Parthians were not to Seleucids but if Sassanids were Iranian by culture and civilization we should Thank the former processes lead by the ones great Parthians and of course 500 years of Parthians erased by 400 years of Sassanids as they needed to define as only legitimate just rulers over the empire and by Parthians i mean the Arsacids because all other Parthian clans were still in Sassanid empire as main aristocratic powers and military man or politicians like grand vazirs so If Sassanids were great again the back bone created by Parthians based on the fact that Sassanids were successors of Parthians not kianids which were not factual history but mythology.also Parthian art was so unique and you can read and search about Parthian battery and at least doubt about your presumptions which you seem to believe them as historical facts no need at all to criticize them.military novelty is also a great impact of Parthian heritage which comes from schytian origin.
@@MM-fv1pi 100 percent Iranic people .there is lots of sources proving it which you can just search parthian language in RUclips and see if they were Iranic or turkic.
@@MM-fv1pi Iranic (branch of languages)is different from Iranian (nationality or culture).
@@MM-fv1pi don’t get rough so fast
Well done, you are getting better!
Please more in this series! Love these videos
Parthians: "How many times have we got to teach you this lesson old man?"
I just wan to say that Romans sack parthian capital 9 times. How many times Parthians come in roman lands ?? the continuous wars with Rome led to the collapse of the Parthians who were replaced by the Sassanids who in turn were replaced by the Arabs while Rome survived to see all this.
Even the powerful have their Achilles heel, and the Romans found theirs in the Parthians.
I find strange satisfaction in the fact that someone could stick it to the Romans.
@@trikyy7238 😂
Ventidius has entered the chat
@@trikyy7238It definitely makes it narratively more satisfying
The Parthians weren’t a great threat to the Romans, the Sassanids were.
for those who hearing first time of parthia , im a parthian speaker from northern iran , nowadays we are called as Gilaks
Great work, as always!
The Roman Civil War was an era of military giants- Caesar, Pompey, Crassus, Labienus, Mark Antony and Agrippa
And ironically the winner was not in the list.
Would potentially make a great tv show
@@marsultor6131Agrippa?
@@enderreaper1482 no, Octavian/ Augustus
@@marsultor6131 I'm saying Agrippa was one of the winners
Finally been waiting on this
I love the fighting spirit of the Parthian people, they are the pride of the Iranian people
Ancestors of the Kurds. Makes sense
@@vagabond57097 Only pehlewani kurds really, otherwise everyone in the region is descended from everyone
Dear Kings and Generals I am 12 years old I wish that the exclusives could be posted
Exclusives are being posted, half of the patreon Peloponnesian War series has already been released for everyone to enjoy
Anthony seems like a skilled military commander. Octavian and Aggripa would be foolish to start a war against him as they would easily be defeated.
Do you mean a land war? Because they did beat him in the end.
very good video reminds me on those vids made by this channel 2-3 years ago.
Please keep making more of this content ❤
Yes! Have been waiting for this 😎😇
Been waiting for this one
I was wondering what was the quality of Anthony's legions, were they mostly made of Romans/Italians or local recruits with a few Roman veterans?
Great video and topic yet again
It's better for this channel to step back from current politics. Continue with history.
Watch what you want to watch.
@@KingsandGeneralsbrutal
@@KingsandGenerals I was judging by statistics. I'm thinking you see the same, no?
@@aboyaq7259 you are judging wrong. Modern videos get more views. Easy to see
@@KingsandGenerals Ok, I only care for more distant history.
Yes! Ive been waiting for this video! I got one question what ever happened with the descendants of Pompeii ceasar and octavion and anthony?
as a persian i can say... i love your Content. 👌👌
Where are you living ?
The rulers of the empire had a reputation for being “lovers of Greek culture.” The Parthian emperors had a phrase written on their coins, which shows that they recognized, embraced and even politically promoted the diverse nature of their empire. The Emperor Phraates IV, who reigned from 38 to 2 BC, followed this general tendency. On his coins, the phrase was written: “Phraates IV, King of kings, lover of the Greeks.” The Persian Empire, which had been destroyed by Alexander the Great, would certainly not have minted coins with the words “lover of the Greeks.” share in power.
That was because the Greek population were living within the empire and Parthians did not want to massacre the population.
They tried to legitimize their rulership by emulating parts of the Seleucid kingship.
Greeks occupied Iran for 200 years from 330 BCE to 130 BCE until Parthians liberated it. Greeks practiced settler colonization, Parthians did not want to antagonize powerful Greek nobles born out of this colonization, hence why they pulled a "Greek-lover", and used Greek as official language, a façade to make the Greeks feel comfortable and keep them on their own side. Otherwise Parthians tried to link themselves to preceeding Achaemenids, saw themselves as their successors, and even uses their title King of Kings did not use Greek title Basileus.
Even Sasanians, ethnic Persian dynasty succeeding Parthia in 224 AD, used Greek language in inscriptions until about 295 AD when Greek was omitted by Narseh in favor of Persian. Greek was official in Iran for over 500 years after death of Alexander.
@@erenaygun9696 I do not persume that Greek was the lingua franca during the Sassanids, it was middle Persian. Even during the reign of Arsacid dynasty the language was Parthian and they only had some minor inscriptions like Helenophile on their coins.
@@GhostofKingHamlet I didn't say it was lingua franca, I said it was official alongside Parthian/Middle Persian. Greek language never spread in Iran too much beyond Greek colonizers themselves
finally a new video about Rome
Interesting division of Octavian's and Antony's territories. I bet Rome won't ever be split up like this again...
Parthia and Rome are one of the best neigbour/rival duo.
Love this. Thank you
Excellent video. Waiting for Cunaxa part II , and Diadochi wars.
I hope we will see more roman videos in the future
Still cant stop loving Antonius
Augustus in his reign, got the legions standards back that were lost at Carrhae correct?
Yes, through negotiation.
@@KingsandGenerals interesting thanks !
Antony was lucky there was no general surena
Mark Antony : By defying Rome, you Parthian scums made a serious mistake
*Separates his provisions from his main army*
Phraates IV : *Bane's voice* Oh not as serious as your's, I assume
*More of Antony's men get slaughtered*
Phraates IV : *Bane's voice* Banging Cleopatra has cost your strength, Ventidius victories have defeated you
the entire Saga of Rome is mega based. I cant wait for this next episode to learn more about Octavian.
I was waiting for this ❤video to pop up.😅
Good work but I was wondering if you guys have a finale for the alternate Mongol invasion of europe?
Still working on the script
It seems a bit out of topic but would you consider doing a few videos of the Welsh Revolt or the Glyndŵr Rising and it’s battles?
Waited for this
At one point i thought this series was shelved glad to have it back
Thanks for listening
Thanks To This Excellent Vídeo.
It's almost a shame the show Rome got cut so short. This stuff would have been great to see there.
amazing channel and footage as always. Just a tip, dont tell us who got defeated,(Parthians Defeated the Romans Again) would like to find our in video ;)
Anthony did figure out the counter to horse-archer spam: Bring 2-3 times as many skirmishers. Out-shoot them.
- Sextus Pompey could win the battles - but not the war. Exactly because he was inept on the political stage, all his victories in the field amounted to nothing. Becoming a Bigshot in Rome is 50% battlefield performance, 50% political performance. He only had 1/2 of he equation.
Great video
Damn we are about to get a remake of the battle of actium video
I get the feeling Antony should've delayed the start of his campaign. But oh well. Nice video.
I was waiting for this episode to drop since January, I suppose
February, I think, but, yeah :-)
@@KingsandGenerals I’m sorry, February ahahah. I remembered it was winter, so, more or less 😂. In any case, thanks for the video!
I love these videos