Covid-19: How the Virus Gets in and How to Block It: Aerosols, Droplets, Masks, Face Shields, & More
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- Опубликовано: 11 окт 2024
- In this Covid-19 Medical Grand Rounds (July 16, 2020), three world experts discuss a variety of issues surrounding how the coronavirus moves from person to person, how best to block viral spread, and the potential that mask-wearing may not only prevent infection but also lead to a milder clinical course. The questions regarding aerosol vs. droplet transmission and the value of wearing masks and/or face shields are central to formulating public health strategies as well as to informing the personal decisions that each of us makes every day. The session is hosted by UCSF Department of Medicine chair Bob Wachter.
Program
Bob Wachter: Introduction
00:04:45 - Aerosol vs. Droplets:
Don Milton, Professor, Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health
00:25:35 - Q&A
00:29:03 - Masks:
Monica Gandhi, UCSF Professor of Medicine; Associate Chief of Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine at ZSFG; Director of the UCSF Center for AIDS Research; and Medical Director of the HIV Clinic, Ward 86, ZSFG
00:45:46 - Q&A
00:48:25 - Face Shields:
Michael Edmond, Chief Quality Officer and Associate Chief Medical Officer, University of Iowa Health Care; Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
01:06:14 - Q&A
01:08:10 - Panel Discussion
01:28:57 - Bob Wachter: Closing
See previous Covid-19 Medical Grand Rounds:
• July 9: The State of the Pandemic, Opening the Schools, and the Outbreak at San Quentin State Prison
• The State of the Pande...
• June 25: Special Presentation: An Interview with John Barry, Author of the Bestselling Book, The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History
• Special Covid-19 Grand...
• June 18: Covid-19: Update in Therapies (including Steroids), and Covid Patients with Persistent Symptoms: What’s Going On?
• Covid-19: Steroids and...
• June 11: Covid-19: Update in Epidemiology, and, Are the Publication and FDA Approval Processes Moving Too Fast for Safety?
• Covid-19: Epidemiology...
See all UCSF Covid-19 grand rounds, which have been viewed more than 300,000 times, here: medicine.ucsf....
As a registered Nurse, this lecture is the most informative scientific talk I have heard thru out this pandemic! Thank you!
I will send to all of my colleges and friends!!
Check out the video way at the bottom of the site called: Viruses are not contagious dot com I'm interested in what someone from your background takes away from his 40 minute presentation. (He's selling his book on the site, but I have no other easy link to the video, so skip all that and just listen to the presentation near the very bottom of the page).
i will send all of my colleagues running the other direction. you people are the real problem..spreading such bullshit..
This is the absolute first video I saw on this topic that didn't give me anxiety.
This is good.....the more you know, the more you can do what's right for you and those you care for...and, for those in your community.
you clearly need to see a psychiatrist
For the general population of USA to adopt, you can't have Walmarts selling 15 allergy masks for $29.99 when November 2019 they were selling 30 allergy masks for $5.47. People in my area will not spend $30.00 USA dollars on 15 masks, when they've lost their jobs and have limited income.
On the other hand, there are several videos on RUclips showing how to make your own masks. These are very easy for anyone to make and some patterns dont require any sewing at all. There is no need to wear a store bought mask.
@@lizeggar2421 Yes Thank you, looking at all options
@@finchharper4647 Also some states are providing masks for free. Check your states coronavirus website.
@@finchharper4647 n 95 masks with breathing valve are 10 for about 30 dollars
Masks can be reused, though. Soap up the outside and then let them dry in the sun for an hour.
I appreciate that you are making real scientific information available to the public, especially in the face of misleading political commentary.
Meanwhile the sheep follow Fauci and government for help.
Dr. Bob Wachter is doing such a superb job moderating all these medical grand rounds sessions non stop, every Thursday. This was no different. Enlightening scientific approaches from different angles so hopefully we can stop the pandemic some time in the future (probably 2021 or 22 at this rate, and at great cost, but there is still hope). This time the shield + mask effectiveness was discussed. Great that it was highlighted the way the cabin air recirculates in planes, even HEPA filters are not enough.
Love this content, and whereas possible keep it up!
I am an atmospheric scientist. In our field any particles suspended in the atmosphere is by definition an aerosol. I would like to suggest that medical professionals use the term "small aerosols" in place of what you called aerosols, to be consistent with atmospheric sciences.
C Chang: Is it possible to take air samples from a restaurant, gym or food market and check for virus amount?
@@earthangel2524 My knowledge is relevant to air pollution, it is possible to set up a monitoring system to analyze air samples for pollutants. I would assume medical researchers can do the same for viruses. But the viruses may need to stay in the air for some length of time and the sample collection needs to be in the right place, for example near the place where an infected person is located, which is probably difficult to do. The viruses are very localized, taking a sample in most parts of the restaurant will miss them.
I have read that medical scientists detected viruses on the wall of patient rooms or room where healthcare staff change their protective gowns, which infer the presence of viruses in the air. I guess if only a small number of guests are infected in the restaurant, they may not leave enough viruses on the wall to be detected.
C Chang hair spray / aqua net comes to mind when I hear aerosol
@@cchang2771 many claims of cv19 remaining suspended in the air for 3 hrs AFTER the infected person has exhaled it; on YT theres a video of people getting infected on a bus HOURS AFTER the sick person had LEFT the bus by inhaling the suspended viral particles in the air. recirculated air methinks like the diamond princess cruise ship where people confined to their cabins STILL got infected through the central air vents methinks....
@@Lauren-vd4qe The 3 hour was under laboratory condition, in a closed space without ventilation. I read that if a person stays in it long enough and inhaled a large enough load of viruses then infection is possible, but I heard Professor Rutherford think such cases are not common. I am not sure if the bus story you mentioned is the same paper I read, that occurred in China in early days (beginning of the Chinese New Year holidays). In that case the infected person left the bus in a midway stop. There were plenty of opportunity for that person to contaminate surfaces inside the packed bus, including the hand rails of the stairways for boarding and disembarking. Everyone disembark the bus after the infected person for sure have used the same stairway and door, so they would touch these surfaces. There are many possibility for transmission, but no evidence which is the main one. The Diamond Princess case actually could be used as a counter argument. 3700 passengers shared the same enclosed space for the entire month of February. If aerosol transmission is important one would expect a great majority became infected. But only about 700 did, 20% of them are asymptomatic. 3000 did not. We need to remember that the 3700 also shared all sorts of spaces inside the ship, including having their meal, clothes, supplies, garbage,...taken in or out by crew members who each serve multiple cabin rooms. Many of these crew members were infected, so viruses can be spread to other passengers.without the aerosol route.
On the other hand, I think aerosol spread is real,, including the famous Washington State choir case and the Korean calling center case. So I avoid conversation in closed rooms. When I checkout at Safeway, I do not engage in friendly talks with the cashier or anyone else, because talking could exhale large amount of aerosols.
Thank you UCSF, for your consciousness in leadership. Visionary & open minded.
Thank you UCSF for your psychological terrorism against the American People.
Working in the NHS as a therapist, who would normally spend between 60 - 90 mins face to face in a small room, so less physical contact, but probably longer duration than my medical and nursing colleagues, I’d be really interested to see more data about the impact of time on risk of infection.
I'm not an expert but I would definitely aim to have fresh air circulating in the room (open window and avoid air conditioning) as I've read many reports saying this helps 'dilute' the viral load. Also less time spent in enclosed space the better, 15 minutes if possible. Wear a visor when treating patients and best if they wear a mask. Wash hands before and after each visit and keep all surfaces clean. Most hospitals and care homes in UK are overheated and windows kept tightly shut with lots of people in small areas which would explain the number of deaths amongst those working/staying there (due to large viral loads) Vitamin D3 essential to support immune system as is plenty of regular, good quality sleep.🌞
@@gillianm9367 Noooooo fresh air is carrying the virus.
@@gillianm9367 Nooo fresh air is carrying the virus
@@nadineblack8102 So lock yourself in a closet and shut the hell up so the rest of us normal people can get on with our lives.
@@gillianm9367 is
It is so important to understand that death isn't the only concern from infection. Alive, but with badly scarred lungs, badly damaged blood vessels, or badly damaged liver or kidneys isn't a great outcome. All three? The quality of your life will be poor for the REST of your life.
People do heal. I would wager the damage is not permanent.
hydroxychloroquine works at preventing the spread of the virus and even removing it entirely from people's bodies before it reaches a critical stage, but doctors are treating the virus as if it only needs to be worried about when it gets critical. Never in the history of virus treatment has it been a late-stage treatment mentality, but thanks to the governments all around the US banning the use of it, people could potentially suffer these 3 possibilities. It's thanks to Democrats voted into power and the MSM's connection with them that have hurt and killed almost 200 thousand people
Cathy: Thank you for pointing this out. Some who "survived" may wish they had not.
@@Brando550 It doesn't work stop trolling with outright lies.
@@CharlesvanDijk-ir6bl it does work in the early stages of infection. What you're thinking of are the studies that used the medicine on patients that were too far into the sickness for it to do anything. The whole point of the medicine is to be used in the early stages. The studies misrepresented the purpose of it to make it seem like it didn't work.
We have been here in Thailand since this began. I find it interesting that so many people refuse to look at the measures in place where entire populations have stopped infection spread. Over 64 days with no transmission.
They're probably not using the fake test!
@@williamdillon4520 what do you mean? There are a variety of tests being used. Not only that, just look at hospitalizations and deaths from year to year.
Does the general population use hydroxychloroquine (or other quinine drugs) prophylactically for malaria in Thailand? That is the explanation why medically underserved areas of Africa are also experiencing low rates of covid.
A variety of tests, one of them being a test in which a piece of fruit tested positive. If you don't think they are manipulating the numbers where do you get your information?
@@CM-sy3to that's a very good question. If someone could give a truthful answer to that question it would be amazing.
people who know they are not feeling well still go out and mingle amongst others. I think this is actually the greatest mode of transmission.
Pentagon funded Moderna labs came up with and record time the vaccine for the virus They know also and only online will you see this Ian Hayden who was in their first trials for mRNA shots had a severe reaction to it of a 103 Temp and passed out went to emergency and is better now.. mRNA shots are for immune compromised people usually used for cancer would you want to take one too? Moderna is still being aggressive about their vaccine and will continue with their 30 thousand trail soon (Med cram ) They also did not do clinical trials of their vaccine nor did comparative study either as doesn't big Pharma This person was reluctant to tell anyone online and yet did MD Andy Kaufman knows the virus was only partially sequenced 200-300 and should have been 20-30 thousand the rest they filled in with exosomal reactions in the human body
@C0gitoZ33 Droid COVID 19
@@bamnibaum No. EVERY attempt at intentionally infecting someone with a virus has failed. Because a virus is not contagious. A virus is a solvent created by your body's cells to clean out toxin loads that exceed the body's normal bacteria and parasite cleaning process capacities. A virus is a tool to heal, created by YOUR cells with YOUR rna/dna to heal YOUR body. Putting that into another person's body results in a system rejection like any other foreign matter. A virus has no reproduction mechanism, nor any other invasive capacity, they are created on demand.Viruses are not contagious dot com.
@@markedward8639 I don't know where you obtained your information Mark, I think you might be a little off base. Viruses are Contagions that do invade your body, and they attach themselves to the cells in your body, inject their RNA into the cell to clone more of them selves from the cells that they are attached to. The process destroys the organism's cells when the Virus replicates itself.
@@bamnibaum Well, you are quoting a nice little rote phrase that makes a great propaganda sound bite... but if you can show me ONE research paper that proves successful transmission of a "virus" from one person to another, I'll certainly take a look at it. Meanwhile, listen to this 40 minute presentation and share your thoughts: ruclips.net/video/MtWYQS3LFlE/видео.html
Viral overload seems crucial with regard to how serious the case of Covid that the patient has.
intresting comment... In DevOps ViralOverload is a serious stability threat.. requires codeCorrections Ur comment got MyAttention above all the others. JussSayin
This was great. Thanks so much to UCSF and the speakers for sharing their expertise.
ruclips.net/video/5y1KzCKrZ3A/видео.html
Here's the truth
Thanks Bob & team at UCSF. I know it takes a lot of work pulling these together and it is really appreciated.
Having been around livestock populations, most notably horses, for most of my life, I understand how difficult these things are to control. These pathogens spread quickly. One thing, however, I've observed over a period of time is the animals that move and keeping moving stay well, the ones that don't get sick. Get the animal out of the box or barn. Keep them moving where they might be more exposed to a variety of pathogens, but their dose of a potential pathogen will be less and shed more rapidly provoking a better immunological response. This might apply to humans as well.
Jerry Stergios I think i would agree with your observations...... i do this when i am ill
Lymph only flows by muscle contraction, unlike the blood that has a pump. 😉🤗
years I known Moffitt hospital Laynie Porter UCSF great hospital for many decades thank you for your services I’ll never forget you
Monica Ghandi - THUMBS up!!! You are doing so much to promote mask wearing. Thank you!!!!
So glad Prof, Monica Ghandi mentioned not wearing the masks with vents. Been getting ads promoting those. Even at WorldOMeter. Great stream, thank you so much.
Fully agree. This needs more attention.
You can however place a standard surgical mask say, OVER a P2 type dust/painting mist type mask. This more or less stops the outward exhalation risk for others and would likely further reduce the chance of the wearer inhaling droplets from outside (which is already likely fairly minimal as the valve opens when exhaling and not inhaling). This will if course restrict breathing a bit more still and this set up may only be good for very short essential food obtaining trips inside say a shop or supermarket during a lockdown.
Absolutely nothing wrong with mask with vents. There is a pocket for you to place a filter behind the vent which actually gives you coverage near to N95.
I want a personal tester for Covid. My work environment includes the care of Covid positive patients. Most are NOT in negative pressure rooms. We wear N-95 masks, face shields, gloves, gowns and when we have them we wear shoe covers & hair covers. It is unnerving. No staff testing.
obvious it not deadly enough for that for those in power to react
I just seen your comment. My Dad was a psychiatric charge nurse for 40 yrs & a Unison rep. He passed away in 2010, this was his biggest concern. I'm glad he wasn't here to see it. I really appreciate you. I seriously hope everything is going well at your end. All the best, stay blessed 💙💜🏴
@@anthea875 Thank you.
@@maricogan2903 No Mari, thank you. Nurses should get danger money. Instead some like my mum, who was a nursing assistant for 38yr in the same asylum as my Dad. Gets a disgraceful retirement package. & before she retired, both her knees replaced. 🤷🏼♀️ Societies caregivers are NOT appreciated at the best of "normal" 🙄times. I read your comment & though about Dustin Hoffman in outbreak. Also seriously happy my Dad's crazy youth training has been paying off. Lol I was about 8 he shut the toilet door & said open the door without touching the handle. 🤨At 8 I thought about going out the window🤦🏼♀️ as an adult, I can't believe how much ppl globally needed to be told to wash their hands 😬🤐🤬😷🤣😂💙💜🏴
OMG! You must work for communist NAZIS!!! Just for the common cold or flu? That is CRIMINAL! illogical and ignorance!
I’m learning so much from the trusted expert guests in these Thursday talks. Thanks for sharing!
Why do you trust them? Is it the clothes? Their self-described "expertise, the self aggrandizement? Grow up.
The reason I don't have covid is I wasn't tested for it lol.
Outstanding reply..
Very possibly! Very often we need information that we don’t have. My concern for you would be that herd immunity is protecting you. Keep safe, but be aware that information is often life saving as well as disturbing.
That will get better with time...faster and fewer false positives..fever dry cough loss of smells...it's something !
@@Woohshow you think I should get tested?
@@garymingy8671 you think I should get tested?
Dr. Gandhi mentioned that N95 can be worn for giving nebulizer treatments. I understand many nurses in NYC and other places didn't give breathing treatments because it aerosolized COVID-19. These poor people who couldn't breathe were given nothing to help. I can't imagine how they must have died, slowly suffocating. :(
SARS-cov-2 up regulates hyaluronic acid filling the lungs with a hyaluronic gel suffocating victims even on a respirator. Patients need to be given a drug that down regulates hyaluronic acid.
Probably the best video ever seen of the aerosols and COVID19.
Of all the N95 masks I have tried I find the 3M 8210 respirator masks seem most comfortable, to me.
waste of time it can still go into your eyes----masks are for nurses!!
I like the brazilian version (pff2) :)
On droplets, some might think upside down in time:
“In air, the same theory can be used to explain why small water droplets (or ice crystals) can remain suspended in air (as clouds) until they grow to a critical size and start falling as rain (or snow and hail).” [Stokes law]
In San Francisco think: fog, mist, drizzle, rain. Do not subject yourself to a fog of virus laden particles.
Do not subject yourself to a fog of virus Laden partical stuck to your mask.
“When things feel right they still have the equal chance of harming you as opposed to benefiting you &, let’s be clear, the high quality trial evidence of cloth masks suggests they increase the rate of re-infection.” Carl Heneghan, Professor of Evidence-based Medicine, University of Oxford. These people are referring to what Heneghan would call 'low quality'.
Thank you. Best to obey ALL safeguards...and pray. "O Lord, protect us from what lieth in front of us and behind us, above our heads, on our right, on our left, below our feet and every other side to which we are exposed. Verily, Thy protection over all things is unfailing." ~ Baha'i Prayer
Narayana
@@padmanabhanravindran652 Baha'u'llah Reincarnation of Krishna
Amen and Amen.
Thank you very much for this presentation. I wish this had 154 million views as my guess is as a nation we would do a much better job of slowing the pandemic. Again thanks!
You can buy P100 half mask respirators online. About $35 to $40 bucks. Make sure the half mask comes with P100 (magenta color filters) otherwise, you need to buy filters separately. P100 filter cartridges provide near 100% virus filtration and if you are fit tested (a specialized leak test required by OSHA), then they do provide 100%. Make sure the half mask fits you properly. A normal adult size face will be a large size. Women might be a medium size. The P100 filters are HEPA filters and they will last a very long time unless you're working in a very dusty environment. They should last at least a year or so but, you can buy a pair of new filters for about $15. Wear it when you go into any public building. It will save your life. Make sure you are clean shaven (no beards or stubble) otherwise, the mask will not seal to your face and virus can get through. Perform a positive and negative pressure check on the respirator when wearing it (this is a basic self-seal check you can research online to ensure proper sealing). These respirators have been designed and researched by NIOSH for decades and they are required by OSHA. You can make and attach a simple, loose cloth cover for the exhalation valve to prevent coughing droplets from being released. Use caution if you have pre-existing respiratory health issues as wearing a respirator does add some resistance to normal breathing but you will find half mask respirators to be very comfortable and much easier to breathe through and cooler than most masks and face coverings because of the exhaust valve. Make sure to keep your respirator clean inside using sanitary wipes and make sure the membrane valves are taken care of and are not damaged because they can tear easily. Store your respirator in a Ziploc bag. Do not share your respirator. Half mask respirators can be completely dismantled and cleaned but this only needs to be done occasionally.
Everyone's doing great. Thank you from DC!!!
I just hate to see all these plastic gloves and face masks go into our trash/landfills, but can't recycle them. YET. Thank you for information and your hard work trying to inform the public! Stay safe. Stay well. We need you all!😇
True I try to remember that one patient kept out of hospital saves bags and bags of trash. And if everyone wore one for 6 weeks the virus would disappear - so the masks reduce garbage output. Glass half full.
With small viral aerosols, the eyes are also exposed. So if masks actually stems the spread of COVID-19, then we should also wear goggles. Shouldn't we?
Science! Thanks, team - very informative coverage of this topic. Monica Gandhi, your section prompted me to share to my FB friends starting with your video timestamp (often a bit nervous about sharing technical videos these days). But all presentation were great. Thanks again.
This virus has interrupted EVERYTHING! Thanks for this post! thank you thank you thank you!
Right now in Jan 2021 it makes sense to wear a good mask and a face shield with hand washing, gargling with listerine, peroxide rinse, or iodine rinse. Plus disinfection of surfaces. Stay well!
Thank you for posting this; it will save lives.
People must wrap their heads around the blunt reality and fact that covid19 has an incredibly weak virulence, in fact it is so weak that 80-90% of the people testing positive will have absolutely zero symptoms. Unless you fall in the category of the severely immunocompromised or are over the ages of 80 with chronic comorbidity you have almost a zero chance of dying from this virus. Wearing masks and lock down measure do absolutely nothing to stop the spread and only prolong the inevitable infections that will ultimately cause the excess deaths to far exceed anything caused by the virus itself. The sooner the young healthy population realizes this entire pandemic has been completely hyped and sensationalized by the politicians, the media and the scientists with political agenda the sooner the world will let this virus pass through the populations immunity to accumulate and acquire natural antibody T-Cell immunity (herd immunity) The sooner that happens the sooner the vulnerable high risk population will be safe to live normal lives. With the current absurdity of media and government scare policies this virus will linger for years causing far, far more deaths in the end. This is fundamental empirical immunological science and fact that dates back almost a century that has literally dissolved in a blink of the ultra hysteria internet era.
Actual content begins at 5:01. You're welcome.
"The public" is not just walking around in open spaces. Sometimes have to work indoors with many others that dont wear face covers, mask or they wear it wrong.
For us in construction, wearing elastomer P100 respirators or full face respirators with fabric on top of the exhaust valves is the best way of been safe in a setting where we cant keep distance from each other, ventilated spaces and we have to spend 8 hrs indoors with people huffing and puffing.
So, the "public" also have to work and sometimes at as much risk as you healthcare providers, but with a fraction of the wages and bad health coverage. We are more vulnerable so we also need to wear better PPE.
Getting PPE is impossible for the general public at this time. I've contacted 3M who was supplying me my monthly AntiViral masks, that stopped in January as ordered by our Government in USA. The general public needs easy access to PPE.
Thank you, for your comment. My son works in a hospital, supposedly our top academic hospital, where if they even know what a negative pressure room is I'd be surprised. Our government, has dug over a million graves, so we are expecting a devastating onslaught. And if, by God's grace, it is as simple, as wearing protective eyewear, a medical grade mask and a protective face shield, the chance of infection, should be significantly reduced.
@@finchharper4647 well, don't wait till the last minute. How is that I have 2 elastomer half masks and 2 elastomer full face masks with an assortment of cartridges? One half mask for each member of my family, did you not go thru the fire season? Am I a genius to know to order what I need when available? I've had this equipment for years. I can't understand how is that health proffesionals dont even own one elastomer mask.
I keep seen pictures of doctors with a surgical mask and a face shield. How is that I know that is inadequate and doctors dont?
@@annebooyse1112 anyone can order from Amazon. Everyone in my company have ordered their elastomer full face masks from it.
If you wait till last minute, of course you won't find it.
I'm a carpenter, I own a hammer, I don't wait for a company to get me the cheapest they can find.
@@whatablissfullife I've given mine to close family members, all but one I kept for myself. I'm still trying to help other family members. If humanity in a time of crisis turns to scamming and profiteering, then humanity will never advance and should be wiped clean from this planet. I won't stop trying to keep my close family safe and alive, and trying to help other family members the best I can.
Thanks a lot from conducting this kind of Webinars. :) :)
To build a makeshift white room with negative pressure out of any building. Place a barn fan in a doorway or window facing out. Have it blow thru either a micro filter, bleach spray bath or antibiotic spray bath, low speed is best, just a whisper. You'll have to build a simple housing and spray unit, check with your local HVAC people. Tape off all other seams in the building except the fire exits. When a door is open the air comes in to be expelled at the fan, thru the wash or filter. This build takes about 4 hours. Can be done in any community. It could be done in key facilities like power and water plants with a positive pressure set up coming in thru the wash/filter. To keep the virus out. When you open the door air flows out. You could modify this for a sick room at home. Put a small fan blowing out in the window of the sick room. Seal the room with tape elsewhere, except the door. Make it a small air flow, just a whisper, mind the heat bill.
What about the masks thrown down in the grocery store parking lot...Or the ones on my sidewalk thrown out of car windows?
It’s the grossest thing. I’m compiling a collection of photos that I’ve taken of the masks AND gloves that I find in the street, and you can already tell that it’s a disgusting amount.
where'd the sign go "Give a Hoot, Don't Pollute" ?
a sign(ature) : COVERT ANTI MASKER WAS HERE. a novel definition for : anti socialism
Makes sense about Airplane Mode
There is definitely lingering effects for some people. My sister had it, she's a nurse in New York City. Two of her co-workers died, a 32 year old male doctor & a 27 year old female nurse. A 25 year old nurse got kidney and heart damage and she's not coming back to work. My niece only had vomiting, diarrhea and fever for 2 weeks, but now she's got blood clots in her feet. She's on a daily asprin and she's exhausted. She lost about 26 lbs. and cannot gain it back and she's said that she feels her health is going to be affected for the rest of her life. I hope not, and I hope other people will recover.
I see 😏
BM - please do research on Lýsìnê vs. Àrgínînê. And please make your sister take Lýsìnê supplements and avoid coffee.
I am a chemist and I think what this RUclips user describes makes sense:
ruclips.net/user/results?search_query=UC7N7e7mOw4WXPHyGnHacwyQ
His statements are also backed by statements published by GPs/MDs in Germany and Austria.
So great to hear some science coming out of the U.S. Thank you!!!!
Are you saying the USA isn't known for spreading science? Haha
Very informative video. Kudos to the organisers and presenters.
Bravo.
Imagine if there were a 99.7% chance you wouldn't crap your pants but was forced to wear diapers just in case.
I just bought a face shield with an attached baseball cap. The shield is really comfortable. Currently, without further research, I will wear the shield with the face mask but would love it if I could ditch the mask and just wear the shield.
This is Fantastic and Life Saving
Exactly the information we all need to know! Thank you so much for all your work!
Dr. Kevin W. MCCairn PhD explains the virus penetrating Blood brain barrier via the basal ganglia affecting impulse behavior, He cites autopsy reports, brain MRI, etc. He walks you through the science.
@@Paula-rh5kl oh man. Thank you. I was wondering where this was hiding. I was suspecting the the liver or spleen, even gallstones. This probably may explain the anosmia, and even (extremely rare) paralysis. I have been sure that the paralysis case is neuro inflammation. Lysine is antiviral and anti inflammatory for neural pathways.
I have been helping many using lysine and Zinc( short term on zinc) to restore anosmia and other suspicious symptoms in a timely manner.
I will have to dig in. Thanks. I was getting bored in my current research.
Bo K. Recommend you join Dr McCairn Discord, where cited medical research papers etc. are available to his audience. He answers every question and also will take direct calls.
@@Paula-rh5kl I will take you up on that, I do have numerous discoveries I am happy to share with him as well. Easily confirmed with any moderate symptomatic. I will try to get with him in the next 4 days. Got a busy week.
I have eight beautiful cloth masks of different styles that were hand-made gifts from eight different talented friends. None were as comfortable and life-supporting as my two face shields. I keep one in my vehicle and one at work where I see dozens of people still wearing, tugging at, and sucking in their masks. One woman immediately after walking inside asked me if she could sit down instead of fainting and falling. I helped her to a swivel chair and office desk where I suggested she turn away from view and clear her face of her mask. She then took some deep breaths, sat for a while, thanked me and proceeded with her business. Some people just have had no access, so I help direct them and I even write down for them the materials they need to make their own face shields.
Perhaps a new slogan is the best way to communicate the ability of population-wide masking to blunt the amount of viral load ingested and weaken the progression of illness. How about "Dial Down the Dose"?
How come there's no research going on with quercetin and rutin? Rutin has the ability to block the attachment altogether.
We should try to find out an optimum dose.
Melatonin,
NAC
Glutathione
Zinc
Quercetin
Rutin
@@logic7374 Add Vitamin D there
@@omarnanez2711 I agree
Or, more directly
"Don't be an AEROSOL" ?
@@logic7374
Ivermectin.
Very cheap,
Proven safe in other applications (with the limited exception of a few circumstances)
Easy to trace the effect of Covid among those previous users.
Generally single dose for long term protection.
Being used in Florida, effective at all stages.
ruclips.net/video/nzqnAIfEbv4/видео.html
I’d be interested in hearing them speak of open air bars with high density crowds drinking, talking and laughing.....and the probability of infections from such a setting. In addition, do we know what cleaning protocols are required in bars? SAN Francisco has many such places....and so do most cities.
I would be interested in research on open bars too. However, SOME research on the effects of NOT wearing masks outside or in shops, shopping malls, museums, on restaurant and cafe terraces, beaches, etc has been done.
An experimental setup with a sample of N=17,000,000 during a period of 4 months has proven conclusively that it is possible to reduce a Covid-19 epidemic with 99% WITHOUT wearing face masks in these circumstances. This is a very important empirical result, all hard fact. And therefore hated by scientists, politicians, and journalists alike.
I'm of course speaking of the experience in the Netherlands, where nobody wears a mask in said circumstances. Yet active total number of cases is down from an estimated 280,000 end of March to 2,800 today. Hospitalizations down 99.5%, daily death toll 98.5%. Positivity rate down from 29% to 0.6%.
Why is it that no scientist or politician or journalist in the USA is interested in these empirical results?
@@ernstraedecker6174 Quote citation or your post is ignored.
@@ernstraedecker6174 Were masks absent or just voluntary in the Netherlands? There will sometimes be discussion relating to this topic. At one point, a WHO official even recognized Sweden as a model for how to respond to the pandemic. Of course, there was voluntary mask use there. You can also review data available from Johns Hopkins or the COVID Tracking Project to see how American states that have mandated masks compare to states that did not (again remembering that voluntary mask use was still present).
@@ernstraedecker6174 "possible to reduce a Covid-19 epidemic with 99%" not sure what that means. Regardless, if Netherlands was so effective, what did they do?
Dr. Kevin W. MCCairn PhD explains the virus penetrating Blood brain barrier via the basal ganglia affecting impulse behavior, He cites autopsy reports, brain MRI, etc. He walks you through the science.
This is informative but I am also concerned about the low bar for basically mechanistic, observational and ad hoc "studies" being used to support rather broad assumptions and predictions about the transmission of COVID-19.
Agree. The hair stylist "study" mentioned, one masked stylist got Covid from the other masked stylist. Out of the 139 masked clients only 48% agreed to be tested. The Boston study itself stated other factors entered into the study that could have effected the outcome and the study was not randomized.
Yes and yes ( see below). Smart and crisp...the emergency demands answers now- it's new , and nobody knows in depth..what does it mean ,what do I do ? Fast and dirty science is all we've had time for...so far. Did you see they test a towns poops ? How would you like that chore? That's progress! C yaz
That mechanistic observation study didnt even produce the results they were expecting, so at least they have the decency to admit that.
But to support the rest of their presentations they had to resort to information (I wouldnt even call it data) from decades ago, thats not to say that information isnt relevant *but* they couldnt reproduce the results today that they were looking for in order to substantiate the hysteria.
This is a very shortened explanation of the science and facts of the situation: The death rate is dropping and the infectious rate is climbing, as always happens with every single flu/corona type pandemic. This is causes by two fundamental biological factors, first, antigenic shift (mutation) which always weakens a viruses virulence and invariably strengthen the infectiousness level. Second by natural antibody T-Cell immunization (herd immunity) which attacks, then deciphers and transcribes the viral RNA and memorizes and stores the genetic information within our own bone marrow for future recall. When under attack again from the same pathogen our immune systems understand exactly how to combat that particular microbial invader and will snuff it usually before we even know. The longer this drags on without allowing herd immunity to run its natural course through the healthy population the more the deaths numbers will accumulate among the vulnerable poor health population (simply by the length of time they're forced in isolation and Not from the virus itself.) This is how it's been happening for as long as viruses and humans have co-existed together and is well understood empirical science in the immunological/ epidemiological world for almost a century, at least until now when the politics , the media, and the science has sadly become indistinguishably the same thing and the internet is fueling the irrational mass hysteria.
THANK YOU , SOMEONE WITH SOME SENSE.THIS DOCTOR NEEDS TO FOCUS ON HIS SPECIALTY. I THINK HE GETS HIS RESEARCH FROM MSM. LIKE EVERYONE ELSE IN HERE
Not enough is being done about the endothelial lining protecting your cells from the penertration by the virus or most viruses in the respiratory tract.
Simple metal consumption of manganese and copper and zinc will protect your endothelial lining
The oxidation from pollution breaks down the endothelial lining.
I am 60 and I'm fighting fit despite being a taxi driver and high exposure
When my family had COVID-19 symptoms, I began taking Zinc and vitamin c, so when I contracted the virus, my symptoms were very mild and I was better within 2 days. Maybe instead of pushing masks, doctors should push building strong immune systems with healthy eating and vitamins.
@@jillmflynt spot on.
Me and my wife took zinc and vitamin d3 3000 iu since October and zero flu. We also took vit C in fruit.
I was unwittingly taking manganese for the joints and tendons. The addition of copper I only learnt this year are good for the endothelial lining protecting your cells from the penertration by the virus or most viruses
Howard Petterson Are you wearing any sort of mask?
@@Circlewisewoman01 nothing. I simply practice what I preach. I might have been prepared to use it 4 months ago but the horse has bolted and its pointless bolting the stable door now.. The aids epidemic in the 80s put paid to the sexual revolution... For nothing
WE initially were told you could get it from toilet seats and kissing.
What a lot of rot that all turned out to be.
WE were duped then and were getting duped now.
Eat properly and enjoy life.
Forgive us, oh Lord, and heal our land.
I can't find a "Conclusions"-slide at the end of each topic. Would be useful though!
Yes!!!!!
Monica Gandhi's presentation has one.
Monica says that asymptomatic patients who are covid positive is due to reduced inoculum or viral load. In my opinion it can also be because of the fact that the virus could not pass through our first line of defence in the mucociliary component viz a viz macrophages and IgA. The dead virus was pulled in by nasal swab and PCR tested positive from DEAD virus. Which will turn negative when exfoliation takes place. Such asymptomatic positive patient cannot be termed asymptomatic carrier. Such patients will not develop antibodies against this virus because they have not penetraated the barrier..
This was absolutely amazingly great. Thank you!
Yes absolutely amazingly great make sure all the obese people, and those with asthma and other respiratory illness like COPD, and CHF strap those mask on nice and tight COVEIDIOTE
How often and with what do we clean our face masks? Or should we throw them away after a couple of weeks?(the non cloth ones) I know dryer heat helps after washing the cloth ones,but what about the light blue ones?
00:38:00 95% asympomatic in outbreaks in food plants with masks? So masks didn't limit spread at all, or everyone already had it because of the environment, but the average age was so low the cohort could handle the infection?
You cannot assume that. You don’t know where they caught it. Could have been contracted at a local bar.
@@peachion2 I'm not assuming anything, I was asking a question. It is evident that meat packing plants are perfect storm environments for contagion due to environmental conditions.
Chris Girocco you were making the conclusion that masks didn’t limit the spread. Based on the science we know for a fact that masks do limit the spread. Your second assumption that they were already infected is probably correct.
Mask significantly reduces viral load/dose which in turn significantly reduces severity of disease/symptoms.
Is it safe to fly with an N95 mask and a cloth mask over it, and a face shield? If you're over 55, have asthma and are back to work (working in customer service/travel industry) how are we supposed to get N95 masks? Can we use the N95 dust masks from Home Depot? Ventilation is better that no ventilation. :(
While I like Dr. Milton's definition of aerosols : droplets floating in the air are larger aerosols, his statement that airplane suck cabin air from bottom instead top is a problem makes little sense. His argument is that passengers higher body temperature during warm weather causes thermodynamic rising motion, which opposes the downward fresher air from the ceiling. This causes air to spread sideways. He hopes airplane will revere this ventilation system and make fresher air to come in from floor and exit at the ceiling. The reality is the two vertical air flows are way different in magnitudes. I never measured the the air velocity coming down from top, but my guess is that it is measured by meters per second. The rising air motion due to warmer air, or buoyancy induced motion, is measured by cm per second. Further, the downward motion is cold and quickly modifies the rising warm air, such that the rising air will quickly lose it positive buoyancy. The total cold draft will carry all air downward. Yes, there will be some small turbulent mixing around the warm passenger body, and in laboratory this may makes pretty photo or videos, but I doubt this will cause any significant amount of air to spread sideways. Further, shooting cold air from below suffers from negative buoyancy force and makes the ventilation less efficient. The speed of re-circulation will be decreased.
Good point; we also feel more comfortable if the cool air flow is on the face and not on the legs. Dr. Milton's initial presentation is the weakest, and based on the later discussion, it is reasonable to say that passengers who wear masks and shields should be fairly safe. There are still a number of other reasons to avoid flying (ticket price, fear of crashing, etc.)!
@Remodeling with Robert Crabtree Unfortunately his idea that it is better to reverse the direction of vertical ventilation is contrary to basic air dynamics. If the cold fresh/filtered air jet shoots up from below (not to mention it will let @misterlyle feel bad), it will encounter negative buoyancy and downward acceleration all the way to the ceiling, so the entire circulation will be slowed down, the cabin air will be more contaminated due to slower refreshing. Even his basic premise that the current system causes a confrontation of rising, presumably contaminated warm air from hot passenger bodies and the cold air from above, leading to spread of the warm air sideways, is hand waving stuff. Both the horizontal divergence of air (to satisfy conservation of mass principle) and the turbulent mixing that can spread air to the sides depend strongly on the wind shear, or velocity difference, between the two air flows. Since the warm contaminated air speed is about two orders of magnitude smaller, the difference of 1+0.01 when they are in opposite direction and 1-0.01 when they are in the same direction is trivial. There will be just about the same spread sideways.
@Remodeling with Robert Crabtree Were all three sitting close to someone who was already carrying the virus?
@Remodeling with Robert Crabtree First, I only pointed out the fundamental errors in his argument, including the basic physics that cold (heavier) air moves upward slower than moving downward. If the current airflow is not safe, then reversing it will for sure be even more unsafe. Second, the three passengers who got sick could be due to many possible factors, there is no evidence it was due to cabin air, and my guess is that this is the least likely possibility. Third, The flight was operated by a commuter airline Endeavor Air, using a commuter jet rather than the Boeing/Airbus jets that are equipped with air filtration system for long hauls. The CRJ planes used by Endeavor have no middle seats. passengers are shoulder to shoulder on a 2-2 configuration that increases close contact. Fourth, there is no report on whether the passengers wear face covers. Without a proper face cover transmission of droplets can happen easily, especially in a small commuter airplane. And finally, there have been several reports of long haul flights (over 10 hours) that carry sick passengers, including the DBX-HKG flight that carried 26 infected passengers from Pakistan. Hundreds of passengers siting in the same plane for 10+ hours, but no report yet of other passengers became infected
@Remodeling with Robert Crabtree Not sure why you think I worked at FAA. Some of my former students and post-doc's worked at aviation industry and government agencies, but I stay as a professor throughout my life so far. Just for your information, medical doctors are usually not atmospheric scientists. If they were, they would know cold air going upward will slow down - same principal as apples falling down from the tree realized by Newton. They for sure know a whole lot more than me in medicine, though. I have not expressed an opinion on the safety of flying, but I do know that Professor George Rutherford of UCSF is not too bothered by taking a trip by plane in the middle of this pandemic. Sorry I can't help you any more.
No one mentioned the reliable usage factor! I never forget to put on a mask when I go out ! But I often forget to put on my clear industrial style glasses too !
.meaning I could grip a contaminated rail on a bus and then unconsciously touch my eyes !
So I am now thinking of getting a visor ! Which I am confident would remind me of hand hygiene when putting it or off ! A visor is wipe or washable too ! So I am thinking the combination of visor and mask. I will feel less worried about removing a mask and safely ! I have been recycling N95 after five days, and it seems to me a visor will make it far less likely I will end up with contamination from removal and forgetting to wash my hands as I will wash the visor so easily at the same time. So my routine will get more consistent and confident !
Whoa i have aquired over 200 pieces of 3M N95 in mid Jan. Been using masks and googles since late Jan. Thus far have expanded around 10 mask thus far. Your buring through it at 1 per 5 days that high.
Thank you for the wealth of information provided in this video. I'm just a regular citizen, but I found it very informational. BTW, I wear a face shield and make them for others!
Since the virus is airborne and floats in the air, face shield and sneeze shields do not offer protection. N95 masks and googles are needed. N95 masks are most needed because sars-cov-2 is so much more deadly if it manages to get by the immune system in the upper respiratory tract and reach the lungs.
Should I allow my landlord to let workers in to replace the hvac in our small 900 sq ft apartment? Even if they are willing to wear n95 masks?They will be in the systems closet located in our middle room. My wife and I are both over 60.
I thought that this kind of studies involves CFD? Virus mass, volume, surface texture, drag, etc.
One problem. My nose runs inside my mask. It gets the inside of the mask wet with slimy snot. Once the inside of the mask is soaked with this slime no air can pass in or out. I can’t breathe. I then need to breathe into and out of the space between my cheek and the mask, rendering the mask useless.
Best most informative video out there. Thank you!
This was a wonderful program; thank you! I'm wondering what the discussion would have been like had Michael Osterholm of U of MN been included, since he still questions the efficacy of masks.
Thank you! Didn’t understand some of the graphs due to visual clarity. Great info to listen to and to reinforce the message of wearing a mask!
Great webinar, thank you! I wonder if increase transmission accompanied by mask wearing could be linked to fomite transmission through a lack of safe mask wearing procedures? I see many people here in the UK pulling their masks off by placing a finger between mask and face and then immediately touching products on shelves - and often then replacing them.
We have been taking pre-cautionary action since January and based our risk assessment and decision making matrix back then on most likely scenario and closest relative - SARS-CoV as per Risk Assessment best practice. It turned out to be very accurate and, as a household with underlying health conditions and running a charity with vulnerable clients I agree with Bob and Don about taking a pre-cautionary, low risk view point. It was particularly useful that the distinction was made between occupational and public health. It would be illegal and unethical to expose someone at work to a substance as carcinogenic as a glass of wine over a period of one year and yet many people drink more than this every day at home. I am seeing a fair few people (including politicians here) saying that it is ok to take excessive risks at work because it is more dangerous at home, which is really poor logic (particularly for our home). It would be like saying that it is ok to expose someone to asbestos at work because they smoke at home. Obviously it is not!
I'm not convinced with what was said about fomites not being very much involved in the transmission of Covid-19. People get mucous on their hands sometimes when they blow their nose; also sneeze into their hands. Doesn't it make sense that the once snot or droplets get on a persons hands that once that person touches a door knob or whatever that you'd have a high possibility of catching whichever Corona Virus? Another thing: I see people on tv washing their hands in public service announcements and during news broadcast concerning Covid-19, and none of them wash their hands properly. There should be public service announcements on tv demonstrating proper hand washing technique.
@@jeffreycraven8154 Indeed. This study is interesting and discusses fomite in the form of food transmission. The politicians know all this, it just doesn't match their policies. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713520306708?via%3Dihub
Awesome work and extremely important topic!
Does anyone know of anyone that has had the flu since covid 19 ?
yea I do.
@@lola47022 It's funny there's no new covid-19 cases in China...
Having listened to all the specialists, I am left without understanding what happens to the clothing worn by individuals in an environment with potential viral circulation. Could that not be a source of transmission?
Virus live in people hot wet living folks...it kinda forms a shell outside a body , some quite tough.. not aids and not Corona , the shell is destroyed by...drumroll...soap. we are lucky...stay clean ,as usual...note nobody's screaming use hot water or use some little bleach...nope Corona is weak...any regular soap. Bar soap. Old style or new..wash well use soap..it works.
@@garymingy8671 That's a very good point....you don't need the fancy stuff...
We have many nurses on the bus wearing their working cloth, and no one listening
Restrooms in bars or (any public restroom) are probably bad .Nearly everyone who goes to a bar has to use the restroom . Flushing urinals/toilets aerosolizes germs ?
The best teachers can dumb it down just enough so that dummies like me can grasp the broader concepts. 1 of the 3 presenters did not succeed at this (big thanks to the other 2!). Also, PowerPoint tip: less words.
Thank you for this great public service!
Thank you Monica!
I would love to see an update on this topic. Also now that delta is of concern, are we still not advised that N95 is not necessary for the public or has that changed
Only people who are trying to maximize the kill rate of the virus claim N95 masks are not needed. SARS-cov-2 is much more deadly when it reaches the lungs. Cloth masks split up droplets into smaller droplets making the much more likely to reach someone’s lungs and kill them.
You need to study dialysis centers Davita had all employees and all patients mask since April.
Every person should bury their heads inside earth for the rest of their lives to be safe from corona! That's the best technic! Ha,ha! 😂
If masks can control dosage and dosage determines severity - wow!! 🙏🏻
The replication rate of the virus can be just as important as the dose. Furthermore, reaching the lungs makes sars-cov-2 far more deadly because it up regulates hyaluronic acid filling the lungs with a hyaluronic gel suffocating a victim even on a respirator. The Delta variant replicates at 1000 times that of the natural virus. Wuhan reported that they have weaponize viruses by using humanized mice enabling it to replicate at 10 to 10000 times rate of the natural virus. Even at 10 times the replication rate, a virus is communicated at a much greater rate.
If find it interesting that, even when there is present, the conversation about airflow....it suddenly gets ignored in other areas of testing. for example...there is alot of testing from the front...the main direction the mask is obstructing airflow...but...masks are not magical black holes that make your lung air dissapear....ALL OF IT has to be accounted for...all of the breath vapor is going somewhere...the masks are redirecting airflow to the sides and top....are you testing for aerosols in those directions?....are you testing ears, forehead, hair? The other obvious thing missing form any of these tests is....have you ever sneezed or coughed directly onto a mirror? ....there is a massive amount of droplets that gets expelled....the mask is collecting all of this.....and smearing it all over your mouth and face...and you touch or itch this area numerous times. The mask is potentially causing a concentrated cesspool of fresh gunk, easily available to the fingers for spreading germs like a pez dispenser.....It seems short sighted to tunnel vision the focus on "air" contamination only.
I think most will push forward into the fabric of the mask, but true, I am curious why we haven't looked at the velocity or volume that goes around the mask.
This is my opinion, I used N-95, and cloth mask with filter. The N-95 let me breath better. Ah, the filter my cloth mask has PM2.5. . I feel more comfortable with N-95 and my glasses
N-95 helps me breath better also.
Do you agree that airborne transmission is probably more serious than closerange-transmission because of direct affection of the alveoli?
Viral load is very low in exhalations that are not on the level of a cough or sneeze. A recent study in the journal _Nature Medicine_ suggests that merely exhaling is not a significant route of transmission. I interpret that and other sources to indicate that infected people coughing or sneezing near you is the main threat.
the air is circulated in planes but not very often replaced
@@misterlyle. The concentration of virusparticles in the air is much lower indeed but if you inhale them for several hours or days ( on cruiseships or in elderly care homes f.e. ) you'll get a lot of exposure.
And even more important : macrodroplets reach several cm² of mucosa in throat or nose.
The small aerosols infect 70 m² of lungalveoli directly.
In Seattle 45 of 60 members of a choir rehearsing while maintaining the distancing protocol were contaminated during one evening of singing. So for me and many others it's the airborne transmission that is the most dangerous.
Luckily it occurs only in cold dry climate, that's why India or Brasil has a high infectionrate and a comparatively low deathrate.
Time will tell!
@@lenny108 In modern planes it apparently is.
And the air is filtered with HEPA-filters.
Thank you for this life saving information 🙏🏼💜
What about a solid form for nitric oxide R-107 which allows a slow release of NO and can be injected and reduce the time and use of equipment for ventilation?
Thank you for this presentation. Very informative. I am 81 years old and in May I was hospitalized with Covid for 8 days, four in ICU. Grateful to be alive. When the vaccine comes available, is it wise that I get it since no one knows whether I can get Covid again?
A friend of a friend caught it 3 times.
Very clear and explicit explanation from all the doctors... Hopefully most people would wear mask 😷... thank you so much 😊
How about mentioning taking D3/K2 and zinc
In auditoriums is it more beneficial to run the air conditioning fans continuous or intermittent? Half the returns are floor level half overhead. Also all units are at 30% outside air intake
UV (halo) not a gimmick work good also lowers dust dirt bacteria and mold.
i installed on both sides of my ac air handler input and output 5 years ago the inside of the duct work is spot less.
Where are the biohazard bins for all the "contaminated masks" that people discard?
@C0gitoZ33 Droid Thank you! Good to see a sane voice in this propaganda frenzy. Check out virusesarenotcontagious dot com He has a video (actually just audio, but in a video format) way at the bottom of the page that lays it all out in 40 minutes.
@C0gitoZ33 Droid The combo of long-term restricted oxygen plus the bacterial infestation worn on the face all day is leading to a massive "outbreak" of respiratory illness along with the approaching normal flu season. People will get seriously sick this year due to stupidity! The fear mongers are going to falsely call it "second wave" and "virus outbreak" like they were programmed to do, and push hard this winter to crack the whip and beat everybody into submission. I've never worn a mask, and got attacked for the first time ever yesterday by multiple employees at two different stores. So my anger level just cranked way up. When you figure out a virus IS NOT CONTAGIOUS, this whole charade goes up in smoke. And the billion dollar "vaccine industry" collapses into its proper place at the landfill. Follow the money...
Dr itepu on RUclips always keeps his words to the letter that is why is a doctor with a different, an inherited doctor his words can never go back in void without being accomplished. Thank you doctor for putting an end to my ailments called herpes virus. Thank you once again doctor
Lots of useful information. One small gripe, the print on many of the sides was unreadable small even on a decent sized monitor, and on several graphs, it was not clear what the axis measured
Thank you...great info but just so you know...I would not even consider going out without my N95 and protective eyewear. We are 6 months out....find your way to a quality mask
Impossible to find N95 mask in Us
Did George go to Aruba.? Hopefully he is back next week! Great job without him
Isn't there also a connection between Cold air which I heard was more friendly to the virus (especially 40-50 degrees) as opposed to Hot humid air and natural sunlight (Outside) that is not friendly to the virus
You clearly have *never* exercised in your life. Stay home and be quiet. Dont bother the rest of us normal people who want to live their lives.
And make sure you CANNOT blow out a match or a candle thru your mask!! I’ve got good ones that do not allow that!!!
Homenaje masks, are those efective as those bought in farmacies? What's your take on that, Cheryl.
and make sure your not breathing all the nasty stuff trapped in the mask imm sure there are many problems from wearing a mask for long periods of the day
then your damaging your health, your stopping good air coming in!----masks are a waste of time even the nasty government told us that at the start!!!
@@rowdyyates4273 plus if another person is wearing a mask and they think it really protects them then why should i have to wear one
@@josephzahn6182 because it's not 100% so if you both wear them the %of protection of both masks overlap and then it reaches maybe even over than 100%
Great video, Thanks! Instant subscriber!
They mentioned that a low level of exposure caused a more manageable reaction, but there was no mention (unlesss I missed it) whether or not those mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic patients produced fewer antibodies, thereby remaining vulnerable to a larger inoculum after that initial recovery. It WAS out of the purview of this discussion, but I thought it warranted a brief address. There has been chatter about it, but not widely.
I think you might have missed the point that "antibody immunity" is short-term compared to T-cell immunity. We're still waiting for a test that measures the latter.