What is Truth? Philosopher discusses theories of truth | Attic Philosophy

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  • Опубликовано: 6 сен 2024

Комментарии • 102

  • @fredkyowa4905
    @fredkyowa4905 2 года назад +3

    You're a life savior! I been looking for hundreds of videos explaining the value of truth and I scroll down on your channel. I already knew you will be the guy I need

  • @crazyartss2
    @crazyartss2 Год назад +1

    YOOOOO, as a diagnose MDD 4 years... I often view the world like the TARSKI THEORY and my people around me love the DEFLATIONISM TRUTH.. I can't explain to them how my brain works..and they often told me to KEEP IT SIMPLE
    having this knowledge help me to understand different ways of thinking for the pursuit of truth. therefore, I'm loving this knowledge
    thank you for sharing this, to made a world into a better place .. ONE video at the Time!! very POG

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      Thanks!

    • @crazyartss2
      @crazyartss2 Год назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy is it possible to ddo one on one with you, I feel like I need to do more learn to understand.. but I doubt that I'll never understand.. since the truth is messy..
      It's okay to teach me slowly one on one or do you sir, prefer that it's better for me to watch "the carefully articulate / structual paradigms youtube video over and over to understand with my own reality of content? (Idk words, genuinely curious and sorry if offend with bad English : from malaysia ✨) 🙏"

    • @crazyartss2
      @crazyartss2 Год назад

      Also I just learn paradigms shift, sooo.. it's fun to learn this.. I'm like 24 still baby.. but I guess that my reality?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      @@crazyartss2 Sure, drop me a DM on Twitter (@Mark_Jago) and we'll see if we can work something out for you.

    • @crazyartss2
      @crazyartss2 Год назад

      I like to believe this is a fun introduction, about how complex my mind is

  • @HairyandFinanciallySolvent
    @HairyandFinanciallySolvent 3 года назад +2

    Truth is truth, it is inherent in its definition, a lot is said amounting to nothing. We cannot easily understand many or even most truths but I feel it exists independent of our capacity to recognize it. In essence, Wittgenstein is right, the correspondence theory is correct, and all other discussions surrounding truth are confusions of language.
    A reality either exists or does not exist. Gravity was true before we understood it and remains true after our understanding of it. The same holds for emerging fields of quantum physics, things may appear contradictory or inexplicable but the truth of their machinations exists. Whatever the machinations of these quantum actions are, that is the truth.
    This is my view, Truth is an incredibly straightforward concept and DOES exist in a pure form. Our discovery of truth and understanding of it is complicated. That is due to our limitations, not the limitations of truth.
    Furthermore the introduction of subjective/personal truth I feel has done a great deal of damage to our discussion of many topics as it leads people to stop seeking truth, even ignoring evidence, clinging to their preferred reality rather than truth revealing itself.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  3 года назад

      "Truth is truth" - well no one's going to argue with that!

  • @jestaman3356
    @jestaman3356 2 года назад +1

    I'm finding your videos so easy to understand. Why can't my philosophy professors explain things in an easier manner the way you do?!?! Thanks so much Mark!

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  2 года назад +2

      Haha thanks! I've been teaching this stuff a long time, so I've worked out what works & what doesn't.

    • @jestaman3356
      @jestaman3356 2 года назад +1

      @@AtticPhilosophy I do have one question, hopefully you can quickly clarify! In my philosophy class, for the liars paradox, we use the example...
      (S) S is not true.
      I'm a little confused on the way this is written. What is the difference between (S) and "S" in the example? I understand the liars paradox if we just talk about the statement "S is not true." But the extra (S) at the beginning of the statement confuses me and idk what it is supposed to represent or why it's at the beginning of the sentence...

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  2 года назад +1

      @@jestaman3356 Academic writers often use numbers of names for example sentences, often with the name or number written in brackets, like this:
      (1) This is example 1
      (2) This is example 2
      Or with a name,
      (E) This is the example sentence I'm calling 'E'
      And so you can write a sentence, calling it 'S', which refers to itself, like this:
      (S) The sentence called 'S' isn't true
      Hope that helps!

    • @jestaman3356
      @jestaman3356 2 года назад +1

      @@AtticPhilosophy That makes perfect sense. Thanks for taking the time to explain it :) much appreciated!

  • @GFumet
    @GFumet 4 года назад +1

    Love these videos! And loving the book! Convinced some friends to read the chapter on propositions with me! Keep these coming!

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  4 года назад +1

      Oh wow, that's great to hear! Let me know any comments or questions you've got on the book.

  • @chrisparker2118
    @chrisparker2118 7 месяцев назад

    I recommend a book by Catherine Pickstock called Aspects of Truth: A New Religious Metaphysics.

  • @JoshKings-tr2vc
    @JoshKings-tr2vc 6 месяцев назад

    Coherence I think works only within its canon domain. For example, Star Wars has its own canon domain of truth while also having Legend (which personally is better) domain of truth. I subscribe to correspondence, although deflationism seems interesting.

  • @simonadecortis6605
    @simonadecortis6605 3 года назад +1

    Thank you!!! Enlightening, interesting and also fun, which is very important 😉

  • @sarahrussell9808
    @sarahrussell9808 7 месяцев назад

    Truth is what is and what is undeniable by all. Truth needs no definition or defense. Truth is tautological. ❤

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  7 месяцев назад +1

      You just gave 3 different (and incompatible!) definitions of truth, and also said it has no definition. It’s really not so simple!

  • @socrates9344
    @socrates9344 Год назад

    thanks for the clear explanation. Philosophers are a bunch of people who want to make things more complicated than they really are. Correspondence theory should be the only way for us to assess whether a claim is true or false, period. This is why philosophy is a junk discipline nowadays. If we want philosophy to be useful in guiding us to progress, we have to anchor it to the natural, observable, and measurable world of science.

  • @ericb9804
    @ericb9804 9 месяцев назад

    sort of...the question isn't "what is truth?" but rather "how do we identify a true statement?" or, more precisely, "How do we tell the difference between a true statement and a not-true statement without begging the question 'what is truth' in the first place?" We can't (see Tarski). But we CAN tell the difference between a useful statement and a not-useful statement. The useful ones are the ones you call "platitudes" and we think we can justify them to anyone who questions them. "Truth" is the name we give to these statements we think we can justify to all who ask - and we dare them try (see science or politics). We can tell you about "justification," but we can't tell you about "truth," which is why it just doesn't matter. Pragmatism. See Rorty.

  • @water9684
    @water9684 4 года назад +2

    14:30 reminds me of Godel's incompleteness theorem, and seems consistent with its central theme :)

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  4 года назад +2

      It’s very close. Gödel used a sentence saying, “this sentence isn’t provable” in his proof. He got the idea from the liar paradox, which goes way back to Greek philosophy (and possibly even further back).

  • @randomvide1
    @randomvide1 Год назад

    New to philosophy and hearing this; I'm leaning towards deflationary

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад +2

      Yes, it's probably the simplest theory, with the fewest metaphysical commitments. It's probably the one most contemporary philosophers accept.

  • @flowerinkproject
    @flowerinkproject 4 года назад +1

    Beautiful Lesson! Thank you :)

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  4 года назад +2

      You're welcome! One of my favourite topics, more to come next month!

  • @ai_serf
    @ai_serf Год назад

    truth is simple to me. it's basically the rules of the system. in a game of chess, you have rules. premises related to chess can be interpreted as what the rules allow. so truth in chess can be some instance of what the rules allow.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      Rules usually say what’s possible or necessary (or permissible or mandatory) in a system, like in your chess example. But they don’t say what’s true. For example, if the white Queen is on e2, the rules say that’s permitted, but don’t say that it’s true.

    • @ai_serf
      @ai_serf Месяц назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy yes. a game of chess from the game tree seems to be a history of truth. truth has dynamics associated with it as a property of truth. heck, chess maybe a subset of a theory of truth, i.e. it's a theory of truth.

  • @puddingleaf
    @puddingleaf 4 года назад +2

    Thanks Mark. This was a very enjoyable video. Whilst fundamentally uninspiring, it feels that the deflationist theory might be significantly more difficult to disprove than some of the other theories listed. Are there any interesting theories which deal with measures of truthiness as opposed to binary outcomes of truth?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  4 года назад +2

      Hi, thanks! Yes, some theories have ‘degrees of truth’ rather than binary true/false. Fuzzy logic, for example, has a continuous infinite scale of values from true to false. Karl Popper’s notion of verisimilitude, or truthlikeness, deals with how close a scientific theory is to the idea being that we can say that, eg, general relativity is closer to the truth than Newtonian mechanics.

  • @user-wt7vb4yv1s
    @user-wt7vb4yv1s 4 месяца назад

    I would really like to know what you think about how truth and the future interact. This is something I have been thinking hard about recently. Let P mean "it will rain at 02:00 UTC 1 January 2025 Southwark London"... Can this be assigned the property of true? It would be cool to have your input, about what you think when we try to combine truth and the future. What about "it is raining at 02:00 UTC 1 January 2025 Southwark London", is it the same meaning as the former? Truth + time make me... I'm scratching my head right now. I know that in your book, you talk about the truthmaker theory, and I find it really interesting

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  4 месяца назад +1

      There's various options, including:
      1) The future doesn't exist (yet), so there's no truth-value (either way) to statements about the future
      2) The future consists in various possible branches of reality, and statements about the future are true when they're true on all branches, false when they're false on all branches, and indeterminate otherwise
      3) The future exists (just not yet), and so statements about the future have determinate truth-values.
      I like option 3. The best argument is from special relativity: one observer's present is another's future, and so there must be facts about (what for the 2nd observer is) the future.

  • @oscarmoreno2585
    @oscarmoreno2585 5 месяцев назад

    Great vid

  • @TSeries502
    @TSeries502 7 месяцев назад

    If the universe is infinite every thing and nothing is the truth, even this statement

  • @mark_tom
    @mark_tom Год назад

    Truth is knowledge of reality.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад +2

      Well, there are truths no one knows, so truth can’t be the same as knowledge!

  • @raydencreed1524
    @raydencreed1524 4 месяца назад

    The point of a theory of truth is to provide a definition of what it is to be true, right?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  3 месяца назад

      Yes - or at least, that's the standard, narrow understanding. There's other approaches to 'theory of truth', like Bernard Williams's, which focuses more on the purpose of having a concept of truth and how it related to other concepts: sincerity, accuracy, and so on.

  • @ETAZMT
    @ETAZMT 3 года назад +1

    Hey Mark, any chance you'll be doing a video on your truth-making ideas?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  3 года назад +2

      Great idea! Maybe a bit niche for here? I'll give it a go!

    • @ETAZMT
      @ETAZMT 3 года назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy Maybe bit niche, but you might do a video on what properties are and why they are important, then states of affairs and why they are important, and build up to it bit by bit. Just an idea!

  • @q-ism5745
    @q-ism5745 4 года назад

    Interesting discussion. There's an interesting philosophy called Q ism which argues that truth has less to do with character (good vs bad, right vs wrong, reality vs fantasy) than with purity. Truth is synonymous with pure independence, the complete absence of bias.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  4 года назад

      Thanks! Truth isn't really to do with character, but whether one cares about the truth is. I discuss moral character & lying in my new videos on lying

    • @henlo4718
      @henlo4718 Год назад

      Sounds like Quality philosophy of Robert pirsig

  • @airatoryt
    @airatoryt Год назад

    Identity theory of truth is the way

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      Maybe - although it makes falsity very hard to explain!

    • @airatoryt
      @airatoryt Год назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy Oh yeah of course 😅 I feel that it's a simpler view in regards to its theoretical commitments, as compared to other views. But like you said it's harder to explain falsity in this view. Thank you for this amazing video btw!

  • @AvianGecko
    @AvianGecko 4 года назад

    Great vid can’t wait for the follow up.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  4 года назад

      Thanks! Next video on truth coming next week.

  • @pmcate2
    @pmcate2 2 года назад +1

    I don't see the difference between deflationism and correspondence theory.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  2 года назад +1

      They are related, but think of it like this: correspondence theory says there must be some correspondence relation between language and things in the world. They then have to explain the relation, and the things in the world they're talking about. It gets quite metaphysical. Deflationism tries to do away with that: its slogan is 'no metaphysics!'

    • @santiagoerpen7396
      @santiagoerpen7396 2 года назад

      Hi Mark! I'd like to add a similar question. What about the difference between tarskian theory and deflationism? Might it be the case that tarskian theory is just an answer to the question about the meaning and proper use of truth-predicate, while deflationism is an answer to the question about truth itself?
      Thank you so much! Great videos. Greetings from Argentina.

  • @cjstevens6405
    @cjstevens6405 Год назад

    Nice concise introduction... BUT 'end' needs to be understood more like 'aim' than 'completion' within pragmatist thought. The 'ideal end' of scientific inquiry is to discover truths in the same way that the 'ideal end' of an archer is to perfect her or his aim (my own illustrative reference to Cicero there). The targets, the 'objectives', we hit along the way of applying the scientific method are useful, but our 'end' goes beyond the sum total of the targets we have or ever will hit.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      Good point, thanks! In the case of science, we obviously aim at the truth, but it seems hard to understand the ‘end’ of science like that - it’s not as if we give up after finding some truths!

  • @ronb1975
    @ronb1975 5 месяцев назад

    Love your videos but why is your book so expensive?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  5 месяцев назад

      It’s with an academic press, always expensive in hardback. Most readers are academics who can read the ebook for free, do you have a Uni login? If not, my other recent book, Impossible Worlds, is open access (ie free ebook)

    • @ronb1975
      @ronb1975 5 месяцев назад

      Ok. Thanks. My Uni days are long over.
      @@AtticPhilosophy

  • @benvendergood1064
    @benvendergood1064 2 года назад

    Is the nobility of suffering worth the logical fallacy of its truth?
    The truth often hurts because philosophers do not realize
    that truth, by definition, isn't true . . .
    The linguistic morpheme, "th" infers that
    an analysis is in progress.
    Truth infers an analysis of the probability that
    it is true (100% factual just as 1 + 1 = 2),
    an inference that a truth is never 100% true.
    Ergo to seek truth insures that one suffers to the
    exact degree that that truth was not true.
    Are we reaching synthesis as what is true
    from testing our truths OR are we killing
    what is true, one truth at a time?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  2 года назад

      I'm guessing you're a random word generator?

    • @benvendergood1064
      @benvendergood1064 2 года назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy What part of the question did you find too difficult to understand? Are you attempting to refute a question? That would have to be quite a reasoning.
      Or should you respond with another logical fallacy rather than delving in to an answer, then further responses further all fools. Loop all further responses loop. The number of your iterations is up to you of course. 🙃

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  2 года назад +1

      It didn't read like a question, more like a list of assertions. If you'd like to ask a question, ask politely!

    • @benvendergood1064
      @benvendergood1064 2 года назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy Your perception was that my questions were impolite, and you framed your responses to me based on this judgement? Interesting. Would that be philosophy or psychology?
      Should philosophers see it as noble, even prerequisite, that they suffer for their wisdom? Do you feel that you would have to suffer in order to be a true philosopher? As an example, Camus thought torturing himself made him a great philosopher, while I would argue that he failed to realize that he was a philosophical genius in spite of his suffering, and not because of it . . .

    • @benvendergood1064
      @benvendergood1064 2 года назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy What I stated were not assertions. They were observations.
      What do you understand of
      Linguistics and written morphologies?
      Stephen Hawking stated,
      "Philosophy is dead. All they have left s to study their languages."
      Yet, Stephen was known to have an exceptionally keen sense of humor
      and the solution observable :
      Philosophy is NOT dead because Stephen was RIGHT‼🙃

  • @antarasinha8639
    @antarasinha8639 3 года назад

    Hello Mark, Thank you so much. I need to delve deeper to explore the theories of truth more truly ... I mean to grasp their meaning by my truths ... Right now, I would only like to ask you a question that is on the nature of truth. Someone was arguing with me tonight by mentioning that truth is only objective in nature but I don't think so. I think objective truths are valid only in our Physical world but we experience life through our subjective truths which are relative in nature and these subjective truths create our inner reality and it's the cause for creating difference among our perceptions. I think it's true. Would you please tell what do you think true in this context ?! Thank you. 🙏🙋
    And I also think that this inner truth which is subjective & relative in nature is our consciousness also and it is dynamic in nature while the objective truths are usually unchangeable and we grow wise through the manifestation of our inner truth or evolution of our consciousness. I think & feel so.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  3 года назад

      Hi Antara, we all perceive things differently. To take a very simple case: if we stand in different places and look at the Arc de Triomphe, it'll look different to each of us: maybe like an arch or a tower, depending on where we are. So there are objective truths you could say: 'it's x meters tall', etc. And subjective truths: 'from here, it looks like a tower, not an arch'. How things look is a matter of objective fact and perspective. Similarly with more complex cases, like when you're evaluating a painting or some music. There's objective fact and perspective (which now includes things like your experience, you tastes, etc). Trust is a matter of latching on to the facts, but the facts can often involve your perspective, as when you say 'to me, it looks like this', or 'I think it's a good painting'. Not sure how much that answers your question, but I hope it helps!

    • @bertrc2569
      @bertrc2569 2 года назад

      The subjective and truth are incompatible. They are on different planes. Subjective is only 'opinion'. If you are dealing with opinions you are not dealing with truths. When you reach Truth you have reached a place that is permanent and beneficial to all. Untruths typically only benefit a few and are short lived.

  • @aisthpaoitht
    @aisthpaoitht 2 месяца назад

    Truth is God.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  2 месяца назад

      He can’t be all the truths! Which one did you have in mind?

    • @aisthpaoitht
      @aisthpaoitht 2 месяца назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy what does that even mean, he can't be all the truths?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  2 месяца назад

      @@aisthpaoitht You said "truth is god". But that's clearly nonsense. Here's a truth: grass is green. Here's another one: the sky is blue. God can't be both those truths, else he'd be 2 things, not one.

    • @aisthpaoitht
      @aisthpaoitht 2 месяца назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy those are statements. The only truth is reality. And the only justification we can have for knowing any truth (through our limited knowledge) is through God. You can't even justify "grass is green" without presupposing objective, eternal truth (God).

  • @simonadecortis6605
    @simonadecortis6605 3 года назад

    None of them works totally, I have a kind of “mixed” vision, in between deflationism and idealism I am trying to give shape to with words. But, according to Eckhart Tolle, for example, we can agree with the deflationists, what do you think?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  3 года назад +1

      Deflationism can be hard to combine with other theories of truth, because it’s quite ideological, insisting that there’s no substantial nature to truth. Other theories say there is (but disagree over what that nature is). So combining theories would end up with a partly substantial nature, which seems to go against the point of deflationism. But it could work - you never know until you’ve given it a proper go!

  • @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu
    @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu Год назад

    No verification = no truth

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      Is that verifiable?!?

    • @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu
      @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu Год назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy Scientific method good place to start to find the answer

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      ​@@JoeHinojosa-bd9hu Yes, for questions within the remit of some science. But 'what is truth?' isn't such a topic. Science gives us truths, but doesn't tell us what truth itself is.

    • @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu
      @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu Год назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy Can't measure a pound of truth yes. Hard to measure such concepts like justice too. But they are hardwired into our Brains.

  • @familyshare3724
    @familyshare3724 Год назад

    The laugh test of truth

  • @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu
    @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu Год назад

    Consciousness is TRUTH. If you aren't conscious, truth does NOT exist.

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад +1

      Well, imagine a situation with no conscious beings (like, the early universe). Isn't it true, in that situation, that there's no conscious beings? If you weren't conscious, wouldn't it be true that you're not conscious?

    • @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu
      @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu Год назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy Sounds almost circular or tautological but yes. Science might not exist without conscious self awareness. Unless God's consciousness preexisted all others ?

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      @@JoeHinojosa-bd9hu But the question isn't whether *science* would exist without consciousness (obviously not, as it's a human endeavour), but whether there would be *truths* without anyone being conscious. I'd say there would be truths, such as the truth (in that situation) that there are no conscious beings.

    • @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu
      @JoeHinojosa-bd9hu Год назад

      @@AtticPhilosophy Oh. Unverifiable,untestable truth? Sounds " religious".

    • @AtticPhilosophy
      @AtticPhilosophy  Год назад

      @@JoeHinojosa-bd9hu Well, not necessarily unverifi*able*, just unverified. We can clearly say with a high degree of reliability that, in the early years of the universe, there were no humans, in a way that should satisfy verificationists. But just FYI, verificationism is now not at all a popular philosophical view. For one thing, the verification principle itself is unverifiable.

  • @edgarmorales4476
    @edgarmorales4476 3 года назад

    Jesus came to show humanity what was possible, not only that people could be happy with little; but that all humanity are in fact children of an infinitely wealthy and generous father, and that a happy and abundant life is within everyone's reach; not just in a supposed heaven.
    Once the Truth is understood, inner and outer riches and contentment are possible for any and all who are willing to live according to the Truth; and the Truth Jesus speaks of is Love.
    Allowing Love to guide you in your life is all that is required to live a blessed life, one full of Love and other types of abundance; creativity, joy, fulfillment, beauty and adoration of the One God abiding within everything; giving life to everything.
    It is that, the divinity in all, that Jesus came into life to honor and to spread the word about. The lowliest and mightiest in society are equally beLoved in the eyes of God, in the eyes of that which is behind all of creation; and which lives and breaths through all of creation.