@@bardrick4220 This! The only remaining challenge then is the logistics of constructing the station, most likely in space, to avoid any escape-velocity issues
@@bardrick4220 A space station devoted to exobiological research shouldn't be established in orbit around the Earth. In case such a research facility accidentally (or through sabotage) enters the atmosphere and modules containing a potentially harmful extra-terrestrial fungi/mold, protozoan, bacteria or viruses survive and arrive to spread over the surface.
@@neilruedlinger4851 if you work in labs with dangerous pathogens there are detectors and decontamination buttons which give you a few minutes to escape the lab before the whole lab is filled with deadly gas. This sounds very James bond but it is very real. Any lab in space would have at least the same security features.
Anyone else see the bottles of ketchup, mustard and mayo on the ISS then think about what it costs per kilogram to transport cargo into space? That was over $20k in condiments! I wonder if they are instructed to use them super sparingly lol.
For all the time being away from earth and loved ones and the work they put in for future endeavors it's worth the cost to give them little comforts like that I think!!!
With regard to panspermia, another important consideration is stability over time. Some microbes might be able to survive few hundred or thousand years inside a rock which could colonize a single planetary system, but interstellar distances and travel times are many orders of magnitude larger.. I don't think even the toughest bacteria could survive an interstellar journey in viable numbers.
It actually is. It must be reduced to at most 10^-6 or 0.000001%. And even that I don't know if it is acceptable when you add the factor of the impact it may cause.
That's the odds that it has already happened, which means the odds per individual visit are lower. I assume we keep getting better at sterilizing things, too. Ultimately, though, if it's possible, it's inevitable. Then the question becomes "will the microorganisms we accidently transfer there survive and/or flourish in that environment?"
Depends how that percentage is spread. If it's a 0.01% chance, over the entire planet, ever, then that's quite low. If it's 0.01% over the entire planet, per year, that's quite different.
Wuppose alien microbes (viruses, bacteria, some unforeseen other form) did get into Earth's atmosphere and surface. How would we know they were "alien" in origin, unless they are radically unlike anything else on Earth? And if we find something like that, how can we be sure it's not from Earth and we've just never found it before? We are still finding new things on Earth, in the oceans and on land. So these seem like good questions to consider.
There wouldn't be a way to know unless we saw them arrive. Chemistry is the same everywhere in the universe, so they'd probably be super similar anyways.
Well actually bacteria is made of a special material peptidoglycan which is not found anywhere else on earth!….everything after bacteria only has psuedopeptidoglycan…”pseudo” meaning false.
I'm fairly convinced we will find traces of the same organic matter all over the solar system. And it will all be pretty boring and uninteresting to the commoner.
I concur. More intriguing will be the fundamental nature of basic life in other systems. Will they differ significantly due to the circumstance of the evolution of that particular solar system? Or will we find the fundamentals to be universal? Personally, while I believe the universe has a sufficient diversity of weird and wonderful things to allow for some remarkable and singular individual evolved forms, I am ever more inclined to think that any life we do discover will not be quite as alien as Hollywood and Sci-Fi writers have encouraged us to imagine.
well the "commoner" doesnt intrest himself in anything worthwile in spacecraft anyways ... who gives a fuck about them they should continue watch reality tv xD i would freak out
@@noneofyourbeeswax01 Good points. It seems to me that if the atoms and physics are the same everywhere we look, then life will have developed very much as it has on earth. As for weird things, please take a look at some of the sea creatures large and small here on our planet. I wouldn't have identified them as terran if they hadn't been labeled as such.
@@rameyzamora1018 yep. I'm curious if anything other than carbon based life is possible but all signs point to yes. Odds are it won't be compatible with us at all, the temps, their version of water, air, etc, will likely be more acidic. If it's carbon based then the possibilities are still near endless, look at the critters here over the last several million years, it's crazy.
Brilliant stuff! I am subscribed to NumberPhile, 3Blue1Brown, and most of the Science & Maths channels. Lots of science- and math-based videos out there now about the spread statistics, methods, mechanisms, et al. As usual, you have come up with a new perspective on the current crisis. Thank you for the very interesting content.
@@one_hoop , He was probably talking about hsv-2, which is what most people mean when they say Herpes without qualification. Still, 12% of people have it, so probably more than one astronaut. If they mean hsv-1, they say fever blister or cold soars, and if they mean hhv-3 they say chickenpox, in my experience.
At one time, no so long ago, scientists were convinced that a train could not exceed 35 MPH, or all of the air in the cabin would get sucked out and asphyxiate the passengers.
Forward and backward panspermia should be possible at the right time of a planets. I think that it is natural and there is a big chances that life started somewhere else before Earth. It is a little weird that life started so fast on planet Earth, immediately after the cooling period.
Better question: do the bodies of the pilots of those craft produce waste in the same inefficient way as humans? Are their bodies fully biological, or did they create their bodies for space travel?
@@pixelsafoison They say they are building to a much better 6th Season. BTW, Season 3 is the best by far. Everything since Paradigm Shift comes to a head mid-season and then we have the entire other half of the season for the non-local quantum hologram.
We seem to view everything from the standpoint of humans. However, considering that dinosaurs (and others) existed for hundreds of millions of years and never caught an extra-terrestrial virus that wiped them out, I think we're relatively safe.
They didn't all survive to see the asteroid become a meteorite. Hard to say there wasn't a species of dino that got sick and went extinct 50 million years before the asteroid.
Exactly what I thought, we'd have been exposed already without any harm. Also unlikely that they could survive the harsh conditions of space for extreme time frames required to travel the distance, especially with no host. Except in a manned mission shielded from external conditions.
The Real Worry About Panspermia is, if real, life would be common in the galaxy. And if life is common but there are no sings of it visible for us out there, we are in trouble. If Life evolves all the time but the galaxy is empty, with no other intelligent life, the chances of us surviving diminish drastically.
The biggest catch is, "life as we know it". Hell we have dark matter and dark energy and science doesn't have a clue. Throw "dark life" into the mix. Can't prove the negative. Basically we just don't know.
Dark energy is just an euphemism for expansion of space. And dark matter only seems to interact via gravity so there's probably not much chemistry going on there. And in the known chemistry there just aren't many good alternatives for carbon-based molecules, proteins, enzymes, etc. which facilitate metabolism and functions of life.
Dark matter and energies have failed every test of scientific validation. They both have disproven themselves as conceived by the primary proponents. They arent there and were never needed. Only popular science mouthpieces insist on their necessity and it is very difficult to extract their excuses for doing so -- despite not a shred of supporting evidentiary observations -- from their fundings and endowments. The latter are huge, the former are lame.
@@rogerscottcathey Has another explanation been discovered for how massive galaxies are? Last I heard, the mass of all the stars, black holes, etc in a galaxy only account for a small percentage of the total mass. Thus dark matter was thought up to explain the rest. Were the measurements of these galaxies thrown off somehow? I would like to see your sources. Not trying to argue or anything, just am curious ^.^
Quite a few extremophilles can go into stasis. Scientists have reanimated hundreds of bacteria, yeasts and tardigrades. Prions are unbelievably tough and would have no trouble surviving space.
"Why bother sterilizing sensitive scientific equipment if cross-contamination might occur through other means" sounds quite ridiculous, as it ignores the fact that already contaminated equipment will have a far higher localized concentration of contaminants, thus seriously skewing the data. Imagine not sterilizing medical equipment because the patient already has some pathogens in them. As demonstrated with surgeries immediately predating the contributions of Pasteur and Lister, that would simply be disastrous!
Great video, great channel, small remark :) with alcohol wipes you disinfect, not sterilise. Sterilisation implies that you kill all microorganisms. Depends on the application but generally sterility corresponds in 1 chance in a 1.000.000 to find 1 microorganism alive.
Life which evolved independently would be sufficiently different that we could not eat it. In sci-fi movies people eat the plants and animals on other planets but would they be digestible?
Maybe it depends on the biochemistry of alien lifeforms if we could eat them or not. On Earth we also could not eat every organism. Some are toxic like some mushrooms and others are indigestible such as grass. Also what chemical elements organism use to build themselves are of importance. If there is for example a huge shortage of nitrogen on a other planet organisms could use other elements of the same group in periodic system such as arsenic instead of nitrogen. If that's the case then all organisms on such a planet are highly toxic for us humans to consume. Also organisms that use silicon instead of carbon are not edible too. But I do imagine alien fruits or something like that that could be eaten on some worlds which maybe even very healthy. That would be very cool.
People don't consider this when talking about resurrecting dinosaurs as in JP - just what would the plant eaters eat? There weren't any grasses or flowering plants that plant eating dinos would have evolved to eat. Add to that cross-contaminating diseases between species with no resistances and your Jurassic Park fantasy crashes and burns.
If it's carbon based then there should be things we could eat, though there are plenty of carbon based life here that is poisonous to us. If it is based on something else, silicon, then all bets are off. It would be like eating dirt or battery acid. Aliens got that part right, silicon based life would require something more acidic than our blood to pass nutrients through it's cell walls. Who knows, damned curious to find out though.
If a planet is barren, and we introduce something, does it matter? I'm much much more concerned about stuff coming back, than us putting it there. There are a couple viruses that can survive a lot, btw, but without hosts.....
It’s all about studying and preserving natural environments. We don’t want to discover new life on mars in a hundred years only to find out that it was stuff we sent there in the 90s. There’s also the fact that we don’t know for sure that places like mars are totally sterile. There could be something alive somewhere and new life we introduce might out compete it
@@maxwellsimon4538 very good point.... You know.. this is why it is dangerous for us to have so much potential. Reason being is for the most part we have to utilize the process of elimination guess work try something it doesn't work try to different way we learn through mistakes as well as accomplishments we just lack foresight or hindsight I guess you could say...
There are primitive cyanobacteria already known that can survive extreme heat, cold and radiation, possibly a planetary transfer too. They are able to do photosynthesis so can you imagine having humans dropping oxygen producing bacteria on Mars? First baby steps into terraforming our neighbor planet maybe?
There are so many factors here a play that reduce chances of this happening. You mentioned survivability and chemical composition of life. Other factors would also include a place for that virus to start from in the first place, a place with enough living beings for that virus to exist in the first place. Then comes the distance it needs to travel from there to here and the likelihood of an object being on that perfect trajectory to make it here and survive entry in our atmosphere. But also for that distance to be travelled, time is needed, likely to be in the tens of thousand or millions of years at least from the closest places it could come from. That also means that that lifeform with its viruses needs to be evolved such a long time back before it started this journey. Panspermia on a solar system scale could be possible, but the likelihood of an advanced enough ecology for viruses to exist is very small. On a galactic scale, the impact of distance, time and survivability becomes huge. In other words, I think it's very very unlikely.
I'm pretty sure that panspermia is already considered one of the possible origins of life on earth. Probably one of the less likely possibilities, but since we still have no idea how inanimate chemicals started reproducing and "fighting against entropy" in the first place - it is a possibility that simple life originated elsewhere and arrived on earth via extraterrestrial space debris.
Ayyy I always wondered if this is how Earth gained life. Where it came from? That's an entirely different thing. If comets or asteroids carried the building blocks of life, planets that can sustain life could potentially ALL have life.
We are made of the most popular elements in the universe: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon. Panspermia would make sense if we were made of something entirely different and we didn't have anything like it around us on Earth. We are the product of our sun.
@@andreikoto4810 Two problems with your comment: 1. If those are the most popular elements in the universe, isn’t it possible other stars and systems are made of the same stuff, and 2. Any carbon and oxygen (and other elements besides hydrogen) in our bodies did not come from our sun - they came from other stars that went supernova or otherwise lost their material and are since long gone. The hydrogen in us and the hydrogen currently powering the sun likely came from the Big Bang. Almost nothing except the energy in our bodies came from our sun.
The complete name is varicella-zoster virus, one of many herpesvirus family. Varicella is chickenpox and zoster is shingles. For us the medically trained it's common knowledge.
Ikr? I was so shocked that I skipped back just to re-listen to that part, I didn't know this at all... It's not the information I was expecting to learn from this video, but, well, I learnt something new today nonetheless
Imagine, a generational space ship destined for the Alpha Centauri system. Leaves earth with 80 families, and reaches Proxima Centauri b with 400 quadrillion viruses, and 0 humans.
There's an episode in one of the Star Trek spin-offs where viruses have evolved to be ten foot monsters hunting their victims. At least you wouldn't have to wear a face mask.
A little detail you forgot, it is not just cold, UV and vacuum of space, there is also the solar radiation from the sun that can kill said bacteria and virus. Beyond a certain range of Earth, there is quite a lot of radiation that can be even deadly for us humans. So, only in manned missions where there is a protection against radiation could have some bacteria surviving.
I have a theory that life originates more commonly on asteroids/comets than planets, and if we want to find the origin of life then we should be investigating them. I also have a theory that maybe life formed independently on more than one comet in the solar system, and certain events like the leap from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells or the Cambrian explosion could have been caused by alien life forms from comets mixing with the existing life on Earth, increasing genetic diversity and kind of kick-starting evolution. Again, take my theory with a grain of salt because I'm not a scientist or anything, but I think it's still interesting to consider.
"seem to only exist for the purpose of reproduction", uh... I guess so are humans... considering the scale of the universe. What if there are other more intelligent forms looking at the petri dish called Earth and saying the same about us? What have humans achieved? Jumping out to another petri dish called moon? We don't even know how big the lab actually is. Whose turn on the joint?
I think he meant it on a purely biological sense. Viruses, although their main purpose is to reproduce, they lack the tools to replicate proteins, they lack a system inside their envelope to harbor and process energy for any process inside their envelopes, nor do they have a system to investigate and collect energy from the surrounding environment. These other caracteristics are ones that both your cells and a common bacteria have. The virus cannot even replicate its genome by itself, it does nothing beyond forcing its genome to be replicated inside living cells.
You gave us a rather odd usage for the term 'panspermia.' The term does not refer to exchanges of life between two or three planets. It refers to a theory that life in the galaxy is ubiquitous, with such exchanges taking place constantly, not only among planets in a star system but between star systems. The idea is that wherever a habitat exists where life could thrive, 'contamination' from elsewhere will eventually occur, perhaps on a scale of millions of years, but it's almost inevitable. Spores and microbes in space are, the theory says, commonplace. Scientists who think about life in this way are often ready to hypothesize that the life under our feet extends much deeper than we have evidence for. 'Life as we know it' might only be a thin scum at the surface of a world which is alive to great depths. If the panspermia theory is true, then we should expect life to have 'contaminated' Mars millions of years ago - whether from an exchange of materials with Earth or not hardly matters, since every bombardment from space will bring a chance of 'contamination.' Also, if we regard life as being that tenacious, a requirement of the panspermia theory, then it's a no-brainer to conclude that Mars *does* have life *right now.* Its mantle is far friendlier to microbes than the vacuum of space. There are plenty of organic molecules, and in the deeps, where temperatures will be higher than at the surface, liquid water is certain to occur in some locations. There will be chemical energy to harvest, and perhaps thermal seepage from below, though Mars is not tectonically active and its core may not be liquid. You emphasized the care which is taken to minimize spores and bacteria on probes, but I have to wonder if your words apply equally well to probes sent by the Soviet Union, modern-day Russia, or China. Frankly, I think Western observers have little insight into the regimes used by those entities.
There are several organisms that have been tested to be able to survive ejection, vacuum, and re-entry. When we consider the fact that only a small amount of bacterial cells need to survive a journey in order to inoculate a new location, and the immense age of both life itself and our solar system, I find it hard to imagine that there has not been some biotic transfer between celestial bodies at some point.
Why no mention of Professors Hoyle and Wickramasinghe? They have long promoted the panspermia hypotheses and argued that various outbreaks of illnesses on Earth are of extraterrestrial origins. They may be right or wrong, but surely if panspermia can happen at all it has happened already.
Around 1957 I seem to recall learning in biology that virus could encyst themselves and stay in suspended animation for long periods. What happened to that idea?
Viruses have a capsid, a tough outer shell, to protect the genetic material within. Some viruses can live along time outside the host. Hepatitis, I’ve heard/read, can live up to 6 months in water or poop.
They better stay on Europa I refuse to have first contact with an alien that has tentacles! I have seen enough of the internet to know where that is going.
The issue I have with this theory is that how would the bacteria(ETC) even hitch a ride on an interstellar object? If life existed on a planet, and something large enough to fragment the planet hit , how would the life even survive the impact? The heat alone would vaporize it. The only way this theory holds any basis as I can see it is if someone/something released life into space, through extraterrestrial colonization or deliberately sending it out into space.
It could travel via comet too! I believe that comets are actually one of the places that it's mentioned to try and look for extraterrestrial life on since they may have liquid water and the right conditions to be able to support life... so if a comet with some bacteria crashes into a planet and even a small amount of the bacteria survive, well...
Interesting to see the extent to which NASA attempts to minimize microbes going to Mars. Does the Chinese Space Agency apply similar effort? And, as you mention, the arrival of humans on Mars means all bets are off when it comes to contamination. That said, it's an admirable altruistic effort to make. NASA continues to make us proud.
We salvaged a platinum camera lens that was very expensive to make and was mounted on a camera riding the moon rover. it was up there for some time before one of the other lunar missions retrieved it from the then out-of-service rover. when we got it back it was reported at the time that bacteria was found between the lenses that had in fact gone to the moon and back and had survived leading many to believe that with every mission we planted stuff.
If asteroids and comets are a risk, well, they have been falling to Earth since the start, so wouldn't this just be an "All Systens Normal" situation?🤷♂️🤷♂️
Yup! It’s all part of the natural cycle of things that our immune system evolved in. We have a micriobiome and we have a mivrovirum. And the doctors have no idea where those stop and we start. It’s all chicken littles and naked emperors.
@@-astrangerontheinternet6687 good point! And I really like your profile image of the sky. Also when I clicked on it saw you’re advocating freedom for a certain global community. I’ve been trying to spread the same message. Blessings and love to you xx
If tardygrades can do it, so can viruses and yeasts. The yeasts may be able to do survive on their own but viruses need organisms to infect. Some viral fragments may be able to spark the formation of cellular forms.
Can a robot catch a cold? Well, it depends how you define a cold, or DNA... DNA is just a series of instructions on what to do. It's tantamount to software programming instructions that execute code. So... DNA and software are nearly the same 'type' of thing just going about their business in different ways. I have no point but I was just thinking that whether you have DNA or software, it's just instructions. How many ways are there to encode/decode instructions? How many different ways could life evolve its process of reproduction? It's so interesting when you think about these things.
Everything is alive. Life does not end at the other side of a cell's membrane. A city is an organism too. There is no isolated system in the universe. It's systems within systems, overlapping each other.
it's quite likely that there's other life 'out there', though I've always been fascinated by which medium it would use to store genetic information. Even on earth, although all (?) life uses adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine, these are not the only theoretical possible bases. If an alien microbe would ALSO use ATCG, that'd probably change our whole view of abiogenesis and evolution
Great video, sharp insights, truly substantial subject nowadays. First off, it is unrealistic that we can avoid forward contamination of other planets (once we send a probe or go there), secondly and for the same reasons we cannot protect earth from back contamination. Conclusion, we should have counter measures, protective plans, some kind of safety procedures to minimise risks ready in place, in order to be able to cope with the potential situations. It is another case of not “if” but “when” will it happen. Thanks!!
Here is my prediction: when we discover the life forms which remain on Mars, we will find that they are all based on right-handed DNA and RNA. When we sequence it, we will discover where life on Earth came from. It's Mars of course. Mars cooled far faster than Earth, and life formed on it much earlier. Some very basic life was blasted off its face early on, and crashed into a warm sea on earth some time later, giving Earth a kick start.
Perhaps. But why couldn't it also have started later on Earth, independently? The truth is, we still have no idea if life is rare or ubiquitous in the solar system or universe.
Qustion. People always dismiss the idea of alien pathogens contaminating a place because of "compatibility". And I get that most pathogens usually can't cross species because the new species isn't the environment they're adapted to. Viruses especially have that problem, because they have to take over new cellular machinery. BUT there are unique species of bacteria that evolved to live in nuclear reactors, and there are species of bacteria that can eat up oil spills. Don't those fact indicate that some bacteria could both adapt to very new environments AND simply consume any alien carbon-based flesh? And I mean, don't try to take over cellular machinery, just eat it at the molecular level like it would eat spilled hydrocarbons?
7:23 can the inside of a comet/asteroid provide sufficient environment for virus/bacteria to thrive? as quite a lot of comet and asteroids contains water in it (maybe not the small ones.)
The ENTIRE universe might even repeat itself... somewhere out there I might have an doppleganger and my mission is to find him and kill him... there can only be one of me...
I have this question.... I am wondering about our ability to identify the direction of the great attractor. Are we able now with equipment to point at the great attractor? Like the North magnetic pole we have the compass, do we have something like that for the great attractor? Are we able in any way to define it's location? Your programs are excellent, I enjoy everyone of them. Thank You.
We know, because the red and blueshift of nearby galaxies shows us that they are all moving in that direction. We cannot observe it directly, because it is located behind the center of the milky way
This is a very interesting topic. Not one for an internet conversations. Too many variables unknown to mankind. To many dimensions unknown. No conclusions possible.
Heating the craft for 30 hours !!! Finally ! An idea to clean my husband socks !!!! No more buying a new pack a week!!??? Shoes every 3 weeks? .. what if I just heat his feet for 30 hours ??.. ps.. I know it's corny.. but I like corny .. 🤣 you like that pun I stuck n there ? Hahaha get it? Corny .. feet .. lol😋
Concerning back contamination as discussed and laid out in the above video!!! Better to error on the side of caution till we know for sure differently concerning the possibility of back contamination back to Earth of a potential alien organism and such
![Noob To Max With DRAGON REWORK In Blox Fruits [FULL MOVIE]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LnBMOinoOvA/mqdefault.jpg)
The need to safely examine samples from other bodies in space makes the best argument for a Moon base yet.
Space stations and asteroids work too, and they don't have a gravity well to escape from.
@@bardrick4220 This!
The only remaining challenge then is the logistics of constructing the station, most likely in space, to avoid any escape-velocity issues
@@bardrick4220 A space station devoted to exobiological research shouldn't be established in orbit around the Earth. In case such a research facility accidentally (or through sabotage) enters the atmosphere and modules containing a potentially harmful extra-terrestrial fungi/mold, protozoan, bacteria or viruses survive and arrive to spread over the surface.
@@neilruedlinger4851 if you work in labs with dangerous pathogens there are detectors and decontamination buttons which give you a few minutes to escape the lab before the whole lab is filled with deadly gas.
This sounds very James bond but it is very real. Any lab in space would have at least the same security features.
@@neilruedlinger4851 I never said we should do that around earth orbit! Lunar orbit might be OK though.
Anyone else see the bottles of ketchup, mustard and mayo on the ISS then think about what it costs per kilogram to transport cargo into space? That was over $20k in condiments! I wonder if they are instructed to use them super sparingly lol.
I've seen fluff on the iss, which is quite light for its size of container, an easy green light I thought.
For all the time being away from earth and loved ones and the work they put in for future endeavors it's worth the cost to give them little comforts like that I think!!!
With regard to panspermia, another important consideration is stability over time. Some microbes might be able to survive few hundred or thousand years inside a rock which could colonize a single planetary system, but interstellar distances and travel times are many orders of magnitude larger.. I don't think even the toughest bacteria could survive an interstellar journey in viable numbers.
How do u know. They would't tell u haha.
Even then, the probability of encountering a planet that supports life is minuscule.
Bacteria could easily survive the trip. It's the entry through an atmosphere that is tough.
You should watch The Expanse.
Wait... Doesn't the theory of evolution count on this event happening?
0.01% sounds pretty high actually.
Yeah, I also thought that was kind of high odds for a substantial and irreversible change
It actually is. It must be reduced to at most 10^-6 or 0.000001%. And even that I don't know if it is acceptable when you add the factor of the impact it may cause.
it's not
That's the odds that it has already happened, which means the odds per individual visit are lower. I assume we keep getting better at sterilizing things, too. Ultimately, though, if it's possible, it's inevitable. Then the question becomes "will the microorganisms we accidently transfer there survive and/or flourish in that environment?"
Depends how that percentage is spread. If it's a 0.01% chance, over the entire planet, ever, then that's quite low. If it's 0.01% over the entire planet, per year, that's quite different.
Wuppose alien microbes (viruses, bacteria, some unforeseen other form) did get into Earth's atmosphere and surface. How would we know they were "alien" in origin, unless they are radically unlike anything else on Earth? And if we find something like that, how can we be sure it's not from Earth and we've just never found it before? We are still finding new things on Earth, in the oceans and on land. So these seem like good questions to consider.
There wouldn't be a way to know unless we saw them arrive. Chemistry is the same everywhere in the universe, so they'd probably be super similar anyways.
Well actually bacteria is made of a special material peptidoglycan which is not found anywhere else on earth!….everything after bacteria only has psuedopeptidoglycan…”pseudo” meaning false.
Their genes/dna would likely be radically different than ours. Thats how we know everything on earth is related to each other
Man I missed your videos. I watch them awake and a sleep. It's always running none the less. Your voice is quite the gift
I'm fairly convinced we will find traces of the same organic matter all over the solar system. And it will all be pretty boring and uninteresting to the commoner.
I concur. More intriguing will be the fundamental nature of basic life in other systems. Will they differ significantly due to the circumstance of the evolution of that particular solar system? Or will we find the fundamentals to be universal?
Personally, while I believe the universe has a sufficient diversity of weird and wonderful things to allow for some remarkable and singular individual evolved forms, I am ever more inclined to think that any life we do discover will not be quite as alien as Hollywood and Sci-Fi writers have encouraged us to imagine.
well the "commoner" doesnt intrest himself in anything worthwile in spacecraft anyways ... who gives a fuck about them they should continue watch reality tv xD i would freak out
@@noneofyourbeeswax01 Good points. It seems to me that if the atoms and physics are the same everywhere we look, then life will have developed very much as it has on earth. As for weird things, please take a look at some of the sea creatures large and small here on our planet. I wouldn't have identified them as terran if they hadn't been labeled as such.
Plankton on the international space station and it survived just fine.
@@rameyzamora1018 yep.
I'm curious if anything other than carbon based life is possible but all signs point to yes. Odds are it won't be compatible with us at all, the temps, their version of water, air, etc, will likely be more acidic.
If it's carbon based then the possibilities are still near endless, look at the critters here over the last several million years, it's crazy.
Brilliant stuff!
I am subscribed to NumberPhile, 3Blue1Brown, and most of the Science & Maths channels.
Lots of science- and math-based videos out there now about the spread statistics, methods, mechanisms, et al.
As usual, you have come up with a new perspective on the current crisis. Thank you for the very interesting content.
Ah, yes! A proper way to reference the current event with value-adding information. Thank you.
I love it when intelligent people come to an intelligent channel and leave intelligent comments. Such a welcome respite. Thank you!
My immediate reaction to you saying living in space increased viral shedding was “which poor astronaut’s herpes outbreak confirmed that theory?”
"Oh no babe I got the space herpies. Its like regular herpies but not from hookers but from fellow astronauts."
We don't talk about it, but almost half of Americans have oral herpes, so move that apostrophe after the s! XD
@@one_hoop , He was probably talking about hsv-2, which is what most people mean when they say Herpes without qualification. Still, 12% of people have it, so probably more than one astronaut.
If they mean hsv-1, they say fever blister or cold soars, and if they mean hhv-3 they say chickenpox, in my experience.
The poor Elephants :(
@@PersonausdemAll *microorganisms
At one time, no so long ago, scientists were convinced that a train could not exceed 35 MPH, or all of the air in the cabin would get sucked out and asphyxiate the passengers.
Every so often I read something and I think to myself; i'm glad i'm not the only person in the world to know that small bit of trivia :)
@@SiliconBong That's sexy.
@@himanshusingh5214 cool playlists
@@SiliconBong Yeah
@@SiliconBong Have you done a PhD?
This may be a good argument for moon base. Bring samples back and study them there.
moon 'evolved' from earth
Our moon was pulled here
We have samples from the moon that we are studying
Karl Laschnikow and nobody really know how it is formed yet
Christopher Rowe and that theory isnt right
Forward and backward panspermia should be possible at the right time of a planets. I think that it is natural and there is a big chances that life started somewhere else before Earth.
It is a little weird that life started so fast on planet Earth, immediately after the cooling period.
Maybe it’s directed panspermia. You never know.
This just occurred to me:
Do UFO's dump their toilets mid flight like we see in movies?
Yes.
Better question: do the bodies of the pilots of those craft produce waste in the same inefficient way as humans? Are their bodies fully biological, or did they create their bodies for space travel?
They take it back to be examined. As much as a zero g should be bliss apparently it’s very hard to have bowel movements without gravity
Do aliens poop?
@@lazerhosen inefficient?
Interesting video. It reminded me of the film The Andromeda Strain.
NO GROWTH 😑😴💤
@@dr.feelicks2051 Haha, I remember that scene.
saigokun Laser ladders aaaah! Zap zing!🚨
The Andromeda Strain are one of my favorite movies...
@@dr.feelicks2051 Indeed the laser ladder at the end, one of the first very primitive use of computer graphics as well.
The expanse : let me introduce you to Proto-molecule
Best sci-fi show ever.
@@death_parade The latest season is meh at best. But what amazing two first seasons!
@@pixelsafoison They say they are building to a much better 6th Season. BTW, Season 3 is the best by far. Everything since Paradigm Shift comes to a head mid-season and then we have the entire other half of the season for the non-local quantum hologram.
We seem to view everything from the standpoint of humans. However, considering that dinosaurs (and others) existed for hundreds of millions of years and never caught an extra-terrestrial virus that wiped them out, I think we're relatively safe.
They didn't all survive to see the asteroid become a meteorite. Hard to say there wasn't a species of dino that got sick and went extinct 50 million years before the asteroid.
We view everything from a human standpoint because we are humans.
Them dinos be bookin international flights?
Exactly what I thought, we'd have been exposed already without any harm. Also unlikely that they could survive the harsh conditions of space for extreme time frames required to travel the distance, especially with no host. Except in a manned mission shielded from external conditions.
@@Fearlessphil100 there are pathogens that can survive in extreme heat and cold with no host.
The Real Worry About Panspermia is, if real, life would be common in the galaxy. And if life is common but there are no sings of it visible for us out there, we are in trouble.
If Life evolves all the time but the galaxy is empty, with no other intelligent life, the chances of us surviving diminish drastically.
thanks, this is the content I was looking for based on the title
The biggest catch is, "life as we know it". Hell we have dark matter and dark energy and science doesn't have a clue. Throw "dark life" into the mix. Can't prove the negative. Basically we just don't know.
Dark energy is just an euphemism for expansion of space. And dark matter only seems to interact via gravity so there's probably not much chemistry going on there. And in the known chemistry there just aren't many good alternatives for carbon-based molecules, proteins, enzymes, etc. which facilitate metabolism and functions of life.
Dark matter and energies have failed every test of scientific validation. They both have disproven themselves as conceived by the primary proponents. They arent there and were never needed. Only popular science mouthpieces insist on their necessity and it is very difficult to extract their excuses for doing so -- despite not a shred of supporting evidentiary observations -- from their fundings and endowments. The latter are huge, the former are lame.
Pockets MacCartney My goodness you are knowledgeable.🤪
There is no dark matter.... light contains the answer
@@rogerscottcathey Has another explanation been discovered for how massive galaxies are? Last I heard, the mass of all the stars, black holes, etc in a galaxy only account for a small percentage of the total mass. Thus dark matter was thought up to explain the rest. Were the measurements of these galaxies thrown off somehow? I would like to see your sources. Not trying to argue or anything, just am curious ^.^
They don't last long without a host, let alone the harsh UV radiation outside of our atmosphere
Isn't it UV-C that is the most destructive
Correct.
You again
Damn this guy is everywhere
Quite a few extremophilles can go into stasis. Scientists have reanimated hundreds of bacteria, yeasts and tardigrades. Prions are unbelievably tough and would have no trouble surviving space.
"Why bother sterilizing sensitive scientific equipment if cross-contamination might occur through other means" sounds quite ridiculous, as it ignores the fact that already contaminated equipment will have a far higher localized concentration of contaminants, thus seriously skewing the data.
Imagine not sterilizing medical equipment because the patient already has some pathogens in them. As demonstrated with surgeries immediately predating the contributions of Pasteur and Lister, that would simply be disastrous!
Rightly said.
Ridiculous ideas seem to be as common as sand.
Great video, great channel, small remark :) with alcohol wipes you disinfect, not sterilise. Sterilisation implies that you kill all microorganisms. Depends on the application but generally sterility corresponds in 1 chance in a 1.000.000 to find 1 microorganism alive.
Life which evolved independently would be sufficiently different that we could not eat it. In sci-fi movies people eat the plants and animals on other planets but would they be digestible?
WarmWeatherGuy You do realise they’re are just movies?
Yeah there would be different proteins on other planets and humans wouldn't hv the right enzymes i guess.
Maybe it depends on the biochemistry of alien lifeforms if we could eat them or not. On Earth we also could not eat every organism. Some are toxic like some mushrooms and others are indigestible such as grass. Also what chemical elements organism use to build themselves are of importance. If there is for example a huge shortage of nitrogen on a other planet organisms could use other elements of the same group in periodic system such as arsenic instead of nitrogen. If that's the case then all organisms on such a planet are highly toxic for us humans to consume. Also organisms that use silicon instead of carbon are not edible too. But I do imagine alien fruits or something like that that could be eaten on some worlds which maybe even very healthy. That would be very cool.
People don't consider this when talking about resurrecting dinosaurs as in JP - just what would the plant eaters eat? There weren't any grasses or flowering plants that plant eating dinos would have evolved to eat. Add to that cross-contaminating diseases between species with no resistances and your Jurassic Park fantasy crashes and burns.
If it's carbon based then there should be things we could eat, though there are plenty of carbon based life here that is poisonous to us.
If it is based on something else, silicon, then all bets are off. It would be like eating dirt or battery acid. Aliens got that part right, silicon based life would require something more acidic than our blood to pass nutrients through it's cell walls.
Who knows, damned curious to find out though.
Imagine how many Tardigrades there are on the Moon and Mars.
If a planet is barren, and we introduce something, does it matter? I'm much much more concerned about stuff coming back, than us putting it there. There are a couple viruses that can survive a lot, btw, but without hosts.....
What if us putting something there caused that something to mutate .. evolve .. return and distroy us a million years later ..😋
It’s all about studying and preserving natural environments. We don’t want to discover new life on mars in a hundred years only to find out that it was stuff we sent there in the 90s. There’s also the fact that we don’t know for sure that places like mars are totally sterile. There could be something alive somewhere and new life we introduce might out compete it
@@maxwellsimon4538 very good point....
You know.. this is why it is dangerous for us to have so much potential. Reason being is for the most part we have to utilize the process of elimination guess work try something it doesn't work try to different way we learn through mistakes as well as accomplishments we just lack foresight or hindsight I guess you could say...
There are primitive cyanobacteria already known that can survive extreme heat, cold and radiation, possibly a planetary transfer too. They are able to do photosynthesis so can you imagine having humans dropping oxygen producing bacteria on Mars? First baby steps into terraforming our neighbor planet maybe?
HAPPY BIRTHDAY, ALEX!! ❤🎈🎉🎁😘
There are so many factors here a play that reduce chances of this happening. You mentioned survivability and chemical composition of life. Other factors would also include a place for that virus to start from in the first place, a place with enough living beings for that virus to exist in the first place. Then comes the distance it needs to travel from there to here and the likelihood of an object being on that perfect trajectory to make it here and survive entry in our atmosphere. But also for that distance to be travelled, time is needed, likely to be in the tens of thousand or millions of years at least from the closest places it could come from. That also means that that lifeform with its viruses needs to be evolved such a long time back before it started this journey. Panspermia on a solar system scale could be possible, but the likelihood of an advanced enough ecology for viruses to exist is very small. On a galactic scale, the impact of distance, time and survivability becomes huge. In other words, I think it's very very unlikely.
I'm pretty sure that panspermia is already considered one of the possible origins of life on earth. Probably one of the less likely possibilities, but since we still have no idea how inanimate chemicals started reproducing and "fighting against entropy" in the first place - it is a possibility that simple life originated elsewhere and arrived on earth via extraterrestrial space debris.
There’s an argument that life on Earth is itself a result of panspermia. ‘Back contamination’ could literally be our origin story.
Ayyy I always wondered if this is how Earth gained life. Where it came from? That's an entirely different thing. If comets or asteroids carried the building blocks of life, planets that can sustain life could potentially ALL have life.
We are made of the most popular elements in the universe: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon. Panspermia would make sense if we were made of something entirely different and we didn't have anything like it around us on Earth. We are the product of our sun.
@@andreikoto4810 Two problems with your comment:
1. If those are the most popular elements in the universe, isn’t it possible other stars and systems are made of the same stuff, and
2. Any carbon and oxygen (and other elements besides hydrogen) in our bodies did not come from our sun - they came from other stars that went supernova or otherwise lost their material and are since long gone. The hydrogen in us and the hydrogen currently powering the sun likely came from the Big Bang. Almost nothing except the energy in our bodies came from our sun.
So basically we send the best forms of life for the job of existing in extreme environments.
Tardigrades.
Yes, but you can't be resistant to everything and mars is nothing like Earth
I learned that chickenpox is a kind of herpes here, and it was downright shocking.
The complete name is varicella-zoster virus, one of many herpesvirus family. Varicella is chickenpox and zoster is shingles.
For us the medically trained it's common knowledge.
Ikr? I was so shocked that I skipped back just to re-listen to that part, I didn't know this at all... It's not the information I was expecting to learn from this video, but, well, I learnt something new today nonetheless
Imagine, a generational space ship destined for the Alpha Centauri system. Leaves earth with 80 families, and reaches Proxima Centauri b with 400 quadrillion viruses, and 0 humans.
But viruses need humans to survive
@@tieman3790 That's a good point. Ok, 400 quadrillion gut bacteria.
That's 400 quadrillion too many viruses for my tastes.
3 31 20 Hey@@bluceree7312, Need an agent? I'm pretty sure that could be a new series or a film coming to a cinema nearby; lol. Stay safe & be well. v
There's an episode in one of the Star Trek spin-offs where viruses have evolved to be ten foot monsters hunting their victims. At least you wouldn't have to wear a face mask.
A little detail you forgot, it is not just cold, UV and vacuum of space, there is also the solar radiation from the sun that can kill said bacteria and virus. Beyond a certain range of Earth, there is quite a lot of radiation that can be even deadly for us humans. So, only in manned missions where there is a protection against radiation could have some bacteria surviving.
Can viruses and microbas traverse space? *10 minutes later*
We can't prove anything either way.. 👌
...And then, what do you think? Post in comments.
Viruses and bacteria can infect Tardigrade so they can survive space and travel to other planets and moons.
Not being able to prove anything definitely is pretty common in science. Which separates it from religion which "knows" everything...
At no point did Astrum promise an answer. Instead, he achieved a more meaningful goal: leading us through a fantastic exploration of the question.
It's not the destination, it's the journey.
Your videos are always greatly appreciated here.... Thank you
At 7:12 you misspelled "organic"
Dang.
3 31 20 Hey Daniel Grover, Good to know there's editors & people who love grammar out there. Stay safe & be well. v
3 31 20 Hey@@astrumspace, Not the end of the world... Stay safe & be well. v
But another brilliant upload, I love this channel. I will always share!
Have you researched tardigrades yet? I feel like they’d be an organism that can travel to other planets.
AH, the advanced science of "feeling"!
Besides the tardies are so darn cute!
I have a theory that life originates more commonly on asteroids/comets than planets, and if we want to find the origin of life then we should be investigating them. I also have a theory that maybe life formed independently on more than one comet in the solar system, and certain events like the leap from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells or the Cambrian explosion could have been caused by alien life forms from comets mixing with the existing life on Earth, increasing genetic diversity and kind of kick-starting evolution. Again, take my theory with a grain of salt because I'm not a scientist or anything, but I think it's still interesting to consider.
"seem to only exist for the purpose of reproduction", uh... I guess so are humans... considering the scale of the universe. What if there are other more intelligent forms looking at the petri dish called Earth and saying the same about us? What have humans achieved? Jumping out to another petri dish called moon? We don't even know how big the lab actually is.
Whose turn on the joint?
I think he meant it on a purely biological sense. Viruses, although their main purpose is to reproduce, they lack the tools to replicate proteins, they lack a system inside their envelope to harbor and process energy for any process inside their envelopes, nor do they have a system to investigate and collect energy from the surrounding environment.
These other caracteristics are ones that both your cells and a common bacteria have. The virus cannot even replicate its genome by itself, it does nothing beyond forcing its genome to be replicated inside living cells.
As much as I like the idea of aliens studying humans I feel as if such a thing would be near impossible considering our knowledge of physics
Yeah you got to be high if you think we went to the Moon.
@@scientistsbaffled5730 you got to be high to think we didn't go to the moon
You gave us a rather odd usage for the term 'panspermia.'
The term does not refer to exchanges of life between two or three planets.
It refers to a theory that life in the galaxy is ubiquitous, with such exchanges taking place constantly, not only among planets in a star system but between star systems. The idea is that wherever a habitat exists where life could thrive, 'contamination' from elsewhere will eventually occur, perhaps on a scale of millions of years, but it's almost inevitable. Spores and microbes in space are, the theory says, commonplace.
Scientists who think about life in this way are often ready to hypothesize that the life under our feet extends much deeper than we have evidence for. 'Life as we know it' might only be a thin scum at the surface of a world which is alive to great depths.
If the panspermia theory is true, then we should expect life to have 'contaminated' Mars millions of years ago - whether from an exchange of materials with Earth or not hardly matters, since every bombardment from space will bring a chance of 'contamination.' Also, if we regard life as being that tenacious, a requirement of the panspermia theory, then it's a no-brainer to conclude that Mars *does* have life *right now.* Its mantle is far friendlier to microbes than the vacuum of space. There are plenty of organic molecules, and in the deeps, where temperatures will be higher than at the surface, liquid water is certain to occur in some locations. There will be chemical energy to harvest, and perhaps thermal seepage from below, though Mars is not tectonically active and its core may not be liquid.
You emphasized the care which is taken to minimize spores and bacteria on probes, but I have to wonder if your words apply equally well to probes sent by the Soviet Union, modern-day Russia, or China. Frankly, I think Western observers have little insight into the regimes used by those entities.
This video has made me realize that there are many reasons beyond the obvious extended space travel as to why NASA hasn't sent astronauts to Mars yet.
Good thing we're in an era when people are aware of virus and bacteria and have experts to study them.
7:12
Oragnic Compound
There are several organisms that have been tested to be able to survive ejection, vacuum, and re-entry. When we consider the fact that only a small amount of bacterial cells need to survive a journey in order to inoculate a new location, and the immense age of both life itself and our solar system, I find it hard to imagine that there has not been some biotic transfer between celestial bodies at some point.
Notice how the air show says “three persons in air shower only” XD
I was wondering the same, how does that fit?
Idk
Did anyone notice the typo at 7:11? Anyways nice informative video
Michael Criton thought so. Andromeda Strain.
Ah yes I forgot about that. Read that donkey years ago.
Fantastic book, highly relevant.
Hope you are staying safe ,Alex !😊
5:37 - What video is this from?
Nice video Astrum 👍
Why no mention of Professors Hoyle and Wickramasinghe? They have long promoted the panspermia hypotheses and argued that various outbreaks of illnesses on Earth are of extraterrestrial origins. They may be right or wrong, but surely if panspermia can happen at all it has happened already.
Lack of evidence is not proof.
Perfect for my lunch break. Thanks Alex!
Around 1957 I seem to recall learning in biology that virus could encyst themselves and stay in suspended animation for long periods. What happened to that idea?
Bacteria can sporulate and transmit virus on them.
Viruses have a capsid, a tough outer shell, to protect the genetic material within. Some viruses can live along time outside the host. Hepatitis, I’ve heard/read, can live up to 6 months in water or poop.
Thanks for the information 👍🏼and you stay safe.
Hot take: covid came from the squids on Europa when one of them sneezed on a rock that was then ejected into space.
They better stay on Europa I refuse to have first contact with an alien that has tentacles! I have seen enough of the internet to know where that is going.
@@erikmckoul2478 hi 🐙
@@PersonausdemAll Damn it well I am staying away from Europa I guess.
@@erikmckoul2478 🤣
Do you ever fail to post quality content Alex? (heart)
Imagine being the one to seed a planet..
The issue I have with this theory is that how would the bacteria(ETC) even hitch a ride on an interstellar object? If life existed on a planet, and something large enough to fragment the planet hit , how would the life even survive the impact? The heat alone would vaporize it.
The only way this theory holds any basis as I can see it is if someone/something released life into space, through extraterrestrial colonization or deliberately sending it out into space.
LIfe evolves on a Europa type planet, gets shot into space by a cryovolvano.
It could travel via comet too! I believe that comets are actually one of the places that it's mentioned to try and look for extraterrestrial life on since they may have liquid water and the right conditions to be able to support life... so if a comet with some bacteria crashes into a planet and even a small amount of the bacteria survive, well...
Interesting to see the extent to which NASA attempts to minimize microbes going to Mars. Does the Chinese Space Agency apply similar effort? And, as you mention, the arrival of humans on Mars means all bets are off when it comes to contamination. That said, it's an admirable altruistic effort to make. NASA continues to make us proud.
Love the videos, so informative! Keep em coming!
Excellent! I’ve always suspected there were good reasons for the gulf of space. This certainly helps appreciate more. Thank you!
We salvaged a platinum camera lens that was very expensive to make and was mounted on a camera riding the moon rover. it was up there for some time before one of the other lunar missions retrieved it from the then out-of-service rover. when we got it back it was reported at the time that bacteria was found between the lenses that had in fact gone to the moon and back and had survived leading many to believe that with every mission we planted stuff.
If asteroids and comets are a risk, well, they have been falling to Earth since the start, so wouldn't this just be an "All Systens Normal" situation?🤷♂️🤷♂️
Yup!
It’s all part of the natural cycle of things that our immune system evolved in. We have a micriobiome and we have a mivrovirum. And the doctors have no idea where those stop and we start.
It’s all chicken littles and naked emperors.
@@-astrangerontheinternet6687 good point! And I really like your profile image of the sky. Also when I clicked on it saw you’re advocating freedom for a certain global community. I’ve been trying to spread the same message. Blessings and love to you xx
@@wardygrub
Thanks Manda 💕
Peace to you.
If tardygrades can do it, so can viruses and yeasts. The yeasts may be able to do survive on their own but viruses need organisms to infect. Some viral fragments may be able to spark the formation of cellular forms.
Can a robot catch a cold? Well, it depends how you define a cold, or DNA... DNA is just a series of instructions on what to do. It's tantamount to software programming instructions that execute code. So... DNA and software are nearly the same 'type' of thing just going about their business in different ways. I have no point but I was just thinking that whether you have DNA or software, it's just instructions. How many ways are there to encode/decode instructions? How many different ways could life evolve its process of reproduction? It's so interesting when you think about these things.
Everything is alive. Life does not end at the other side of a cell's membrane. A city is an organism too. There is no isolated system in the universe. It's systems within systems, overlapping each other.
A robot can get a virus yes it can
it's quite likely that there's other life 'out there', though I've always been fascinated by which medium it would use to store genetic information. Even on earth, although all (?) life uses adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine, these are not the only theoretical possible bases. If an alien microbe would ALSO use ATCG, that'd probably change our whole view of abiogenesis and evolution
I will volunteer to go be sick in space, if science requires it!
Great video, sharp insights, truly substantial subject nowadays. First off, it is unrealistic that we can avoid forward contamination of other planets (once we send a probe or go there), secondly and for the same reasons we cannot protect earth from back contamination. Conclusion, we should have counter measures, protective plans, some kind of safety procedures to minimise risks ready in place, in order to be able to cope with the potential situations. It is another case of not “if” but “when” will it happen. Thanks!!
"Oragnic" (sic)
'Pan's-permia' [Humans would say 'Pan-spermia' - like they prefer 'you-rain-us' to 'urine -ous' or 'you're a nus'.
Amazing film as always!
Oh, no, not the "Andromeda Strain" scenario!
Yet another interesting well made video. 👍
Here is my prediction: when we discover the life forms which remain on Mars, we will find that they are all based on right-handed DNA and RNA. When we sequence it, we will discover where life on Earth came from. It's Mars of course. Mars cooled far faster than Earth, and life formed on it much earlier. Some very basic life was blasted off its face early on, and crashed into a warm sea on earth some time later, giving Earth a kick start.
That is plausible...
Perhaps. But why couldn't it also have started later on
Earth, independently? The truth is, we still have no idea if life is rare or ubiquitous in the solar system or universe.
But there's also the possibility that life started first on Earth and then spread to Mars. How would you know which was right?
Any Hypothesis requires evidence, not speculation.
Dr McCoy:
It’s life, Jim,
but not as we know it,
not as we know it,
not as we know it.
It’s life, Jim,
but not as we know it, Captain.
I'm escaping to the one place that hasn't been contaminated by coronavirus!
SPACE!
Perhaps
It will kill you eventually
Antarctica and Mount Washington, New Hampshire
Greenland, guys, greenland
But you'll be getting slam with hot plasma by another corona, the sun's corona.
Great video, I always pondered about this topic
I guess you can never truly know either way. But I don't think it's too big of an issue if you follow the correct protocols. Let's get people there! 👍
Qustion. People always dismiss the idea of alien pathogens contaminating a place because of "compatibility". And I get that most pathogens usually can't cross species because the new species isn't the environment they're adapted to. Viruses especially have that problem, because they have to take over new cellular machinery. BUT there are unique species of bacteria that evolved to live in nuclear reactors, and there are species of bacteria that can eat up oil spills. Don't those fact indicate that some bacteria could both adapt to very new environments AND simply consume any alien carbon-based flesh? And I mean, don't try to take over cellular machinery, just eat it at the molecular level like it would eat spilled hydrocarbons?
Matt Damon grew potatoes 🥔 on Mars in his own turd. Total disregard for contamination controlling.
Love your channel. Thanks
Imagine moving and settling on Mars after centuries, and one day finding Coronavirus or another mass-killer virus growing in us up there!
Yeah those Martian bats are disease magnets. Seriously though, it will happen. The imagination should be on control and safety measures.
The day that is a problem is the day we will know that we have truly gone full interplanetary.
7:23 can the inside of a comet/asteroid provide sufficient environment for virus/bacteria to thrive? as quite a lot of comet and asteroids contains water in it (maybe not the small ones.)
3 31 20 Hey Astrum, Thanks for the terrific & timely post. Stay safe & be well. v
COVID has a lot of torque.
Underrated comment
The observable Universe has everything in it to create and support all kinds of life.
So, Yes.
The ENTIRE universe might even repeat itself... somewhere out there I might have an doppleganger and my mission is to find him and kill him... there can only be one of me...
1:46 Is there anyone who knows where I can find that?
It’s pleasing to think this maybe how life begun on earth…
I have this question.... I am wondering about our ability to identify the direction of the great attractor. Are we able now with equipment to point at
the great attractor? Like the North magnetic pole we have the compass, do we have something like that for the great attractor? Are we able in
any way to define it's location? Your programs are excellent, I enjoy everyone of them. Thank You.
We know, because the red and blueshift of nearby galaxies shows us that they are all moving in that direction. We cannot observe it directly, because it is located behind the center of the milky way
we'll send corona to space & space will pay for it
This is a very interesting topic. Not one for an internet conversations. Too many variables unknown to mankind. To many dimensions unknown. No conclusions possible.
I think the question now should be can they kill ALL bacteria during sterilization? After sterilization, can't it be contaminated again?
Thtas the biggest quiz of 2020 ...cab covid 19 reinfect the already recuperating fellows....
I'm here just to make it 1000 comments. Love the Channel, really compelling content @Astrum
Fancy doing a video on viruses in space. What ever gave you that idea... ; )
We miss you Uncle Fester 💡
@@infinitejest441 you can’t keep an old monster down!
Thanks for the information.
Heating the craft for 30 hours !!! Finally ! An idea to clean my husband socks !!!! No more buying a new pack a week!!??? Shoes every 3 weeks? .. what if I just heat his feet for 30 hours ??.. ps.. I know it's corny.. but I like corny .. 🤣
you like that pun I stuck n there ? Hahaha get it? Corny .. feet .. lol😋
Enjoyed that!!!!🤣🙃
Concerning back contamination as discussed and laid out in the above video!!! Better to error on the side of caution till we know for sure differently concerning the possibility of back contamination back to Earth of a potential alien organism and such
Earth is in space, so yes.
literally EVERYTHING is in space, now get back in the car
@@TheCbot88 hahe you're right
3 31 20 Hey@@TheCbot88, Roooom, roooom, honk, honk. Some people have the gift of wit. Stay safe & be well. v
Great vid as usual, thank 👍❤️👊🇦🇺