What is a Gas Turbine? (For beginners)
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- Опубликовано: 3 июн 2024
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Two of the most common applications of Gas Turbines in modern industries are Turbo Generators and Turbo Compressors.
We try to approach a Gas Turbo Generator (GTG) to better feel the subject.
In a Gas Turbine Power Plant, there’s a Generator which is an electrical machine. But to generate electricity this generator needs a Prime Mover which for my example is a Gas Turbine.
Gas Turbine transforms the chemical energy in the fuel (i.e. natural gas or the similar fuel) into mechanical energy.
The mechanical energy generated by the Turbine exit shaft is then transferred through a gearbox to the Generator’s shaft. Now my generator can create electrical energy.
This primitive form of electrical energy normally has a low or medium level of voltage and to better manage the power loss in transmission lines, this voltage should be increased by step-up transformers.
Such transformers give an adequate level of voltage to the electrical energy to be transmitted through the transmission lines and delivered to the grid.
After this brief overview of a sample Gas Turbine application, I’m going to dig down into the Gas Turbine mechanism in more detail.
First, imagine a rocket in which some fuel is going to burn and create a high-pressure exhaust gas. Based on energy conservation law, the chemical energy of the fuel is transformed into mechanical energy in the high-pressure exhaust gas.
When a rocket is fired, the thrust of this exhaust gas moves the rocket forward. This amount of rocket science is enough for me and now suppose I fix the rocket body with a robust mechanical structure to prevent its movement.
What will happen? The high-pressure exhaust gas should be released and it will have no way but backward!
Now keep this structure in mind and imagine I put a set of turbine blades in the path of this high-pressure back-fired exhaust.
You see that the release of mechanical energy which is mostly in a “linear” backward direction will mostly transform into kind of “rotational” movement of turbine shaft and so far I’d say it’s a big success, i.e. transforming the chemical energy of fuel gas into rotational mechanical energy of turbine shaft.
Now I have a “Prime Mover” for my generator in the above power plant example. Also, this prime mover concept can be used in different applications like turbo compressors or the likes.
Now that I got the basics of Gas Turbines, let’s focus on a modern Gas Turbine and its components.
Most likely you know about “Fire Triangle” or “Combustion Triangle” which illustrates the necessary ingredients of fire or combustion, i.e. “Fuel”, “Air”, and “Heat”.
To transform the chemical energy of the fuel gas into mechanical energy, the fuel should be burnt in the “Combustion Chamber” of a gas turbine, so I need air and heat added to the fuel.
Air is let into the gas turbine through “Air Intake” and mixed with a proper amount of natural gas. The Air/Gas ratio is determined based on the specific heating value of the gas and quality of the air, amount of moisture, altitude from sea level and so on.
Now an ignition system steps in and makes the initial sparks, so hereby heat is provided. When the fire is established and stabilized in the combustion chamber, the ignition system will be put out of service.
The most critical process in normal turbine operation is to manage the combustion and produce a proper amount of high-pressure exhaust gas. This exhaust gas is applied to the turbine blades and after rotating the turbine shaft, conducted to the exhaust stack.
This was the simplest way to address major parts of Gas Turbines and as one of the most sophisticated man-made machines, a Gas Turbine deserves more elaboration.
Also, there are different technologies which some manufacturers use as their proprietary technology and were not considered in this video.
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To be more efficient, many gas plants use a combined cycle where the exhaust gas that leaves the gas turbine, which is still hot, is used to boil water and power a steam turbine to make even more electricity.
Thanks for sharing that with us!
Actually, I just came here from a video about an oil rig called the Appomattox, and it uses that very method of gas/steam power to produce its own electricity.
It's cool stuff.
yeah but the enegy conservation remains constant, its not like you can make more energy, ain't it?
@@priyangaperera2732 You don't make more energy in a combined cycle, you convert more of the otherwise wasted heat energy into the energy that you want which is electrical energy. The energy conservation is still constant but now you have less heat and more electricity.
@@theotherguy6951 Yes in other words it becomes more "efficient".
So I need air and heat added to the fuel. Air is let into the gas turbine through air intake and mixed with a proper amount of natural gas. The air/gas ratio is determined based on the specific heating value of the gas and quality of the air, amount of moisture, altitud from sea level and so on. Now an ignition system steps in and makes the initial sparks, whereby heat is provided. When the fire is established and stabilized in the combustion chamber, the ignition system will be put of service. The most critical process in normal turbine operation is to manage the combustion and produce a proper amount of high-pressure exhaust gas. This exhaust gas is applied to the turbine blades and after rotating the turbine shaft, conducted to the exhaust stack. With this quick review of key components of a gas turbine, I think it is time to decrease the altitude and elaborate on the system further. As mentioned earlier, air is let into the gas turbine through air intake. The air is prone to contaminations or having some unwanted particles which can harm the system and degrade the overall performance. The screening and filtration are basic requirements for incoming air. Also, proper instrumentation is mounted on the Air duct to monitor the draft oressure and temperature. In harsh enviroments, the air might need to be preheated or conditioned. Also, differential pressure monitoring of air filters. will warn the turbine operator of filter clogging. The conditioned air is conducted into the turbine air compressor which is an axial compressor comprised of multi-stages of blades mounted radially on the turbine inlet shaft. The discharge pressure and temperature of the air compressor are monitored to manage the combustion quality at the combustion chamber. Fuel gas is a key factor in the desing and operation of a gas turbine. The manufacturers need to know the details of fuel gas and only based on its characteristics, can guarantee the performance of their gas turbines are monitored during normal operation of a gas turbine. There are different technologies in propierly mixing the air and gas and making efficient combustion from manufacturer to manufacturer. Combustion chambers are of some tubular heat resistant structures and fuel is usually injected into it from the circumference and at different cross-sectional locations. The temperatures at different locations of the combustion chamber are thoroughly monitored by means of proper sensors like thermocoples. This high-temperature/high-pressure zone in gas turbine structure is of the highest levels of importance to monitor and control. Also, the technologies used in the design and construction of the combustion chamber are of the topmost ones. Now thet the air/gas mixing is well managed and combustion is going on properly, there is a plenty amount of hig-pressure/high-temperature exhaust gas generated and should be applied to the gas turbine blades to make turbine exit shaft rotation feasible. At this stage, the high RPM of gas turbine rotor should be tightly monitored and based on the load driven by turbine, the surge of turbine gets the topmost importance for turbine performance and turbine protection. Vibrations (axial and radial and speed) both at the air compressor and gas turbine should be continuisly taken into consideration. This was the simplest way to addres major parts of gas turbines and as one of the most sophisticated man-made machines, a gas turbine deserves more elaboration. Also, there are different technologies which some manufacturers use as their propierly technology and were not considered in this video.
I WORK IN THE INDUSTRY, AND I WOULD SAY THIS VIDEO IS A REALLY GOOD ONE FOR BEGINNERS. GREAT JOB
Great to hear that, Jorge! Thanks for sharing!
Two of the most common applications of Gas Turbines in modern industries are Turbo Generators and Turbo Compressors. I try to approach a gas turbo generator to better feel the subject. In a gas turbine power plant, There is a generator which is an electrical machine. But to generate electricity this generator needs a prime mover which for my example is gas turbine. The gas turbine transforms the chemical energy in the fuel into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy generated by the turbine exit shaft is then transferred through a gearbox to the generator's shaft. Now my generator can crate electrical energy. This primitive form of electrical energy normally has a low or medium level of voltageand to better manage the power loss in transmission lines, this voltage should be increased by step-up transformers. Such transformers give an adequate level of voltage to the electrical energy to be transmitted through the transmission lines and deliverated to the grid. After this brief overview of a sample gas turbine application, I am going to dig down into gas turbine mechanism in more detail. First, imagine a rocket in which some fuel is going to burn and create a high-pressure exhaust gas. Based on energy conservation law, the chemical energy of the fuel is transformed into mechanical energy in the high-pressure exhaust gas. When a rocket is fired, the thrust of this exhaust gas moves the rocket fordward. This amount of rocket science is enough for me and now suppose I fix the rocket body with a robust mechanical structure to prevent its movement. What will happen? The high-pressure exhaust gas should be released and it will have no way but backward. Now keep this structure in mind and imagine I put a set of turbine blades in the path of this high-pressure back-fired exhaust. You see that the release of mechanical energy which is mostly in "linear" backward direction will mostly transform into kind of "rotational" of turbine shaft and so far I had say it is a big success, i.e transforming the chemical energy of fuel gas into rotational mechanical energy of turbine shaft. Now I have a "Prime Mover" for my generator in the above power plant example. Also, this prime mover concept can be used in different applications like turbo compressors or the likes. Now that I have the basics of gas turbines let´s focus on a modern gas turbine and its components. Most likely you know about "Fire triangle" or "Combustion Triangle" which illustrates the necessary ingredients of fire or combustion, i.e "Fuel", "Air", and "Heat". To transform the chemical energy of the fuel gas into mechanical energy, the fuel should be burnt in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, so I need air and heat added to the fuel. 4:13
Dos de las aplicaciones más comunes de las turbinas de gas en las industrias modernas son los turbogeneradores y los turbocompresores. Intento acercarme a un turbogenerador de gas para sentir mejor el tema. En una planta de energía de turbina de gas, hay un generador que es una máquina eléctrica. Pero para generar electricidad, este generador necesita un motor primario que, por ejemplo, es una turbina de gas. La turbina de gas transforma la energía química en el combustible en energía mecánica. La energía mecánica generada por el eje de salida de la turbina se transfiere a través de una caja de engranajes al eje del generador. Ahora mi generador puede generar energía eléctrica. Esta forma primitiva de energía eléctrica normalmente tiene un nivel de voltaje bajo o medio y para manejar mejor la pérdida de energía en las líneas de transmisión, este voltaje debe incrementarse mediante transformadores elevadores. Tales transformadores dan un nivel adecuado de voltaje a la energía eléctrica que se transmitirá a través de las líneas de transmisión y se entregará a la red. Después de esta breve descripción general de una aplicación de turbina de gas de muestra, voy a profundizar en el mecanismo de la turbina de gas con más detalle. Primero, imagine un cohete en el que se quemará algo de combustible y creará un gas de escape a alta presión. Según la ley de conservación de energía, la energía química del combustible se transforma en energía mecánica en el gas de escape a alta presión. Cuando se dispara un cohete, el empuje de este gas de escape mueve el cohete hacia adelante. Esta cantidad de ciencia de cohetes es suficiente para mí y ahora supongo que arreglo el cuerpo del cohete con una estructura mecánica robusta para evitar su movimiento. ¿Lo que sucederá? El gas de escape a alta presión debe liberarse y no tendrá más remedio que retroceder. Ahora tenga en cuenta esta estructura e imagine que coloco un conjunto de álabes de turbina en el camino de este escape de alta presión con retroceso. Usted ve que la liberación de energía mecánica que está mayormente en dirección "lineal" hacia atrás se transformará principalmente en una especie de "rotación" del eje de la turbina y hasta ahora he dicho que es un gran éxito, es decir, transformar la energía química del gas combustible en Energía mecánica rotacional del eje de la turbina. Ahora tengo un "Prime Mover" para mi generador en el ejemplo de planta de energía anterior. Además, este concepto de motor principal se puede usar en diferentes aplicaciones como turbocompresores o similares. Ahora que tengo los conceptos básicos de las turbinas de gas, centrémonos en una turbina de gas moderna y sus componentes. Lo más probable es que sepa sobre "Triángulo de fuego" o "Triángulo de combustión" que ilustra los ingredientes necesarios del fuego o la combustión, es decir, "Combustible", "Aire" y "Calor". Para transformar la energía química del gas combustible en energía mecánica, el combustible debe quemarse en la cámara de combustión de una turbina de gas, por lo que necesito agregar aire y calor al combustible.
turbine engine operates I want a pdf, can you help?
This is probably the best explanation on the GT
Thanks a million!
This is by far the most helpful summary of the two types I've seen. I've started an accounting job at a big turbine company and wanted to learn the basics, and this is a great breakdown for someone who already knows the basics. Thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
@@realpars Why gas turbines plant are much simpler in construction and operation than steam turbines plant?
Honestly Sir! Your videos are exceptionally informative. I've learned a lot from you. God bless you. Keep up the good work.
That's really nice of you, thanks for your support!
@@realpars Why gas turbines plant are much simpler in construction and operation than steam turbines plant?
1:45 Realpars, you should of added a step down transformer to the home. I know it's just a basic overview, but I feel like it should be in there, to not confuse people. Either way, great job!
Thanks for sharing your thoughts, Ewa!
Nice animation. This is what I call "basic in-depth"😁😁. I work on GE Frame 9E and TM25000, Siemens SGT 300,400 & 500, Alstom GT26, Mitsubishi TwinPac, OGT 25000 gas turbines but your video has given me a refresher course. Thanks
Thanks for your brilliant comment! Happy to hear that. If you have any questions feel free to send them our way!
Solar Turbines
I was a welder for GE for 11 years repairing 9fa 9fa+e and others, best job I ever had
Hello sir can you you give me the startup sequence of simple turbine thanks
Hello sir , can i contact to you.
I'm Turbine Desk Engineer
The video helped me a lot. It's my first time work in a gas turbine power plant, the control system is from GE, Mark VI.
Great to hear that, Mark! Happy learning!
@@realpars Mark VI is not his name it is the name of the turbine control system from GE
My name is Speedtronic Mark 2. I'm 40 years old.
Very well explained and easy to understand how such a gas turbine works. Well done Sir !
Glad you liked it!
Everytime i see cool and fascinating stuff liikethis i feel like i want to work with it. I would have so many careers and professions right now.
21q
Join the Navy as a GSM.
Same here,yes. Never stop learning or looking!!!!!
@@scottclute7443
Graduate school in Engineering is the way to go. One of the happiest stage of my life was when I was on graduate school. It did widen my professional and scientific vision BIG TIME.
Thank you Realpars. You're doing a great job !!!!
Great to hear that, Emmanuel! Thanks for your support.
Thanks a lot for this video that explain very clearly the process above all to whom like me is not an engineer , I work at sales for a company that produces cold drawn blades for steam and gas turbines and spacer and coil wedge for generators
You are most welcome, Anna!
That was the best explained GTG I have ever seen, Thank you.
Glad to hear that! Thank you for sharing, Tony
Great video. A very good way to start learning about technical things. Good work.
Thanks for your support - happy learning!
@RealPars we need a video about the BOILER, Thanks for the hard job.
You are welcome!
It would take 100 parts to explain it well ;-)
All videos of this channel are educational jewels.
Many thanks, Ricardo!
I worked in the Gas turbine Power thermal plant as I&C tech. It was great.
colleague) which model of gas turbine?
@@murzanovv GE 9FAe controlled by Mark VI
Yes, you can learn a lot about Gas turbines by working at a power plant!
Trung Lê 👍🏻 I worked with PGT25, Mark VI/VIe is flexible control system
Thanks for teaching me about gas turbines, Bob Sagat
You are very welcome, James! Great to hear that our content is helpful!
Awesome video...I have suggested this to my sub ordinates to understand GT & Want some specific models from Siemens GT
Hi Omer, thanks a lot for your support! Great to hear that you have been sharing our content! Let us know if you have any questions along the way.
Happy learning!
Thanks for the knowledge and video
You are very welcome, Robby!
thank you , it's an informative video from which I learned a lot.
Glad to hear that!
You're doing a great job
Thank you, Mohammed!
Wonderful Lectures ! Thanks.
Glad you like them!
Thanks a lot for the simplicity
You are welcome!
The Gas Turbine applied to Turbo Generators (GTG) is very useful to produce electricity, to comply with the above first needs to transform the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical energy, ie, this is obtained by combining air and heat with fuel in the "combustion chamber", and this by means of an electrical generator is converted into alternating current.
Thanks for sharing!
Thanks alot, Am a Nuclear Engineer but I have keen interest in this field as well. Very helpful.
That's great to hear! Happy learning.
Loved the video, thank you
Great! Happy learning.
Very Nice, Thank you!
Im getting an EE degree as well as writing a speech on climate change. Figured this would help understand somethings better!
Great job! Keep up the good work!
A good greeting
It is a very useful information,
but I want to know how I get a similar gas turbine so that can be used to clarify the parts of this turbine in our educational institutions
Great video! very informative
Thanks for your support, Raihanur! Happy learning.
Great Explanation...
Thanks a lot, Aswan!
That’s give me a lot of benefit thanks😍❤️
Glad to hear that! Happy learning, Mohammad!
nice video , very clear,
Glad it was helpful!
the work for the electric generator is obtained by the turbine,not by compressor. that means in this case ,the work needed to compress air is equal to generate electric power.
Great work
It is great. Thanks for sharing! Do you have any video about combined cycle?
Hi Lucky,
Thanks for your comment!
That would make for a great topic suggestion, I will pass this on to our course developers. Thanks for sharing!
Thank you Realpars , please make a video on Liquid biofuel in Micro gas turbine ,Please sir .
Hey Mohd!
Thanks for your comment and your suggestion. I will pass this on to our course developers!
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
Really helpful video for beginners.. easy to understand... I will subscribe your channel.. and I have request please make a video regarding governor system and anti surge control in compressor...
Happy to hear that, Rohith! Thanks for the topic suggestion, I will definitely go ahead and forward this to our creator team. Happy learning!
I am working in this plant
Very informative, thanks
Very welcome!
Glad I found this, I’m taking engineering classes tomorrow I feel like this extra knowledge will help
Glad to hear that you found this helpful! Best of luck with your classes tomorrow!
if wanna refer to any instrumentation, mechanical or electronic knowledge, i always refer to this trustworthy youtube channel, Realpars
Thanks a million! That's an amazing compliment.
awesome......great teacher
Thanks for your support, Mehmood!
Thank u very much...
Thanks a lot !
You are very welcome! Thanks for the support.
This is a great video. I will point out however, that around 7:36 they make you believe that firing temperature is measured directly by thermocouples. It isn’t. Typically the firing temperature is measured quite indirectly by being calculated from the exhaust temperature thermocouples and other sensors such as ambient temperature. I don’t know of any (at least heavy duty Frame 6, 7, 9) that measure firing temperature directly anywhere near the combustor or combustor to turbine transition piece.
You are correct. In the video, the important point mentioned is still valid: monitoring of the temperature is critical to proper control of the turbine. Incoming gas temperature can be measured via thermocouple, but more modern methods have been employed due to velocity errors and the lag inherent in thermocouple measurements. For the actual combustion chamber temperature measurement, other direct and indirect methods must be used due to the nature of the combustion gasses, the high temperatures, and the high velocities.
Thank you so much 🙏
You're very welcome!
thank you
You are very welcome! Happy learning.
Very nice video!
Thanks a lot, Amrouche! Happy learning.
Realpars please make a video on circuit for creating 4-20 mA for any kind of sensor
Hi Chandan,
Thanks for your comment and your suggestion. I will pass this on to our course developers!
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
So does anyone know where I can get more elaborating videos of combustion turbines & co-gen plants? Seems like most information out there is about the turbines used for planes etc.
Google "co-gen plant video" or "industrial combustion turbine video". You should see a number of videos that I believe are what you are looking for.
Perfect as always
Thank you!
Good explanation. I think the step between the fixed rocket and the rotational movement is a little bit too large, it's hard to understand for a newbie (without physics). Anyway, a very good and detailed video. Thank you!!!
Thanks for your comment, Gabor! Glad to hear that, if you have any questions or concerns along the way, always feel free to reach out!
@@realpars
Thank you! I just showed this vid to my wife just to visualize and explain the basics of my job with gas turbines. She stopped the video, cause she didn’t understand that. After I explained the fixed rocket and the rotational movement, she said: “This one popped out definitely of an engineer’s head. Only engineers explain something with rockets instead of wind propellers.”. 😂😂😂 So I said: “You really know our kind.” At that point, that was so epic! Thank you!👍🏻
Nice explanation
Thank you, Omkar!
Welcome sir😇
Where has this been all my life?
This you for the nice guide
Great to hear that, Rohan! Thank you
I've got a slight nitpick @ 1:49
The voltage doesn't decrease from the the distribution line to the home by itself. That diagram in real world conditions would fry every piece of electronics in a house. The voltage is decreased by step-down transformers at a substation; which isn't pictured there. And then it's stepped-down again by another transformer positioned on a pole somewhere along your street.
You're absolutely correct in pointing out the varying voltage levels from the power plant, ranging from 69,000 to 765,000 depending on transmission distance. Eventually, this voltage is brought down through a step-down transformer to a more usable 240/120 range.
While this video focuses specifically on "What is a Gas Turbine?", we truly appreciate your interest in discussing voltage in more detail. Your input means a lot to us. If you're keen on exploring voltage further, we have a range of short videos dedicated to the topic on our RealPars RUclips channel that you might find engaging and informative.
thanks a lot
I confused about the generator should be connected to the end turbine as far as I know.
could please clarify it to me?
Hey Ahmed,
There is one same shaft which has connected all three devices together (Turbine, Compressor, and Generator). So if the Turbine increases the RPM, then this speed will be transferred to the Generator as well.
Awesome stuff👍👍👌👌🙏🙏
Thank you!
is there any other uses for exhaust gases once they have left the system? Do they recirculate for heating or leave to atmosphere?
The exhaust gases can be recovered to make steam or transfer the sensible heat to other process streams. A good example is the Linden Co-Generation Plant, which is a 940-MW electric power plant with five natural-gas-fired turbines. The waste heat is used to superheat water to steam that is distributed to New York City through a labyrinth of tunnels which supply 30 billion pounds of steam per year to over 100,000 buildings in NYC. This plant is quite an engineering marvel and an integral part of the utility infrastructure of NYC.
I know it's gooooooooooood and great video
Thank you!
very useful
Great to hear that! Let us know if you have any questions.
Thank you ... great
Our pleasure!
The cogen at the plant I'm starting to work right now uses a diesel starter to start the gas turbine. Every other process that you show in the video is similar, except for the diesel starter. If possible, can you show the start up process?
Thank you for your question. It's a thoughtful one, but the video did not cover certain proprietary technologies employed by various manufacturers. To get a better understanding of your co-gen system, I recommend checking the operator manual that should have come with your unit. Additionally, here's a helpful link to further assist you in your learning journey:
Understanding the Diesel Engine Control System Used to Start Gas Turbine
control.com/forums/threads/understanding-the-diesel-engine-control-system-used-to-start-gas-turbine.48597/
Happy learning!
great video!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Thanks alot
You're very welcome!
Good work and thumbzup..
Thank you!
May I have a question?
I wondering that have any plants use pure Oxygen instead of air to increase efficiency?
Great question! The answer is "no", since the turbine would not be able to do useful work in a pure O2 environment. Nitrogen in the intake air is being employed as a process gas, which helps to get useful work from the combustion process. By being heated and accelerated in the combustor, it does the main work of driving the turbine and turning heat into mechanical work. A pure O2 stream would just combust, limiting the amount of useful work.
what measurements are typically recorded during operation ?
Hi there,
Thank you for your question! As we mention in the video, there are numerous devices an Engineer must monitor, like the PT, TT, sensors like Thermocouples, vibrations, RPM, air intake, and so on. Here is a link from Siemens if you want to learn more about the Energy industry.
www.siemens-energy.com/global/en.html
Happy learning!
You are an engineer working for a manufacturer of land-based gas turbines. These turbines are similar to jet engines, but they are used on land to provide power for electricity generation and gas compression pipeline applications. Suppose that you would like to apply a ceramic-based thermal barrier coating to the turbine blades in the first-stage turbine to increase the operating temperature and efficiency of the engine. (a) What difficulties might engineers experience in trying to design a ceramic coating that will be applied to a super alloy metal blade? (b) What properties should be taken into consideration when choosing a suitable ceramic material for a coating? Be as thorough as possible.
Watching this to ready myself for Marine Engineering xD
％
More than amazing
Thank you, Marey!
Nice video
Thank you!
Very good
Thank you!
Brilliant
Thank you!
Are the compressor and turbine having the same speed ? Are they on the same shaft ?
Usually not. The generator and the turbine components are on the same shaft, and there is usually a gear reducer coupled to the shaft to create the correct RPM's for the generator.
@@realpars I am asking about the compressor and the turbine
I would like to ask you can a gas turbine shut down due to vibration or any near work in field by compactor.
Yes, mechanical vibration and temperature are two variables that are closely monitored in a gas turbine application, and each can cause a turbine shutdown if high limits are exceeded.
Many thanks but I have had a quistiin what are the reasons that lead to vibration in gas turbine.
@@kuzminatatiana5481 may alignment , different temperature in fire champers
It help full
good
Can u talk about turbocompressor
Thanks for the topic suggestion, Karim! I will pass this on to our creator team! Happy learning.
Which engine is this Gas Turbine Engine diagram based on?
I'm kind of confused; At which section do the intake air & the injected fuel get mixed? According to your diagram, there is no way for the intake air on its flow path (compressor -> whatever middle section mean -> turbine) to meet the injected fuel.
The Gas Turbine Engine highlighted in this video is a representation of a typical gas turbine (4:50 in the video). Lots of similar diagrams here: duckduckgo.com/?q=types+of+gas+turbines&atb=v216-1&iax=images&iai=https%3A%2F%2Fs-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com%2F736x%2F58%2F0c%2F6d%2F580c6d0cc6053005cf6af48f40b2f892.jpg&ia=images
The air intake (on the left) is compressed in the first section of the turbine. This is the flow shown in blue. Gas is injected (top and bottom, middle of the turbine). This is the yellow/orange flow. The gas and air meet in the combustion chamber and the hot gasses rotate the larger turbine blades. This is a simplistic representation of a complex piece of equipment, but is a typical representation.
Kindly if anyone knows.. what is the instrument or device that is used to balance between gas feed and turbine speed?
Typically, a control valve is used to regulate the gas flow to a Gas Turbine. These arew highly-specialized pilot-driven valves that are positioned based on sophisticated control algorithms which take into account temperature and pressure of the fuel inlet, air inlet, and combustion chamber. Since the cross-sectional geometry of the turbine and the rotor blade design is fixed, speed control is dependent on gas velocity control. Velocity can be affected by temperature, pressure, air humidity, fuel quality and fuel injection pattern. Gas turbine control must take all of these factors into consideration.
@@realpars Thanks..!
I just remembered Nadrowski Gas turbine😊
Great.
there is any part 2 ? for GE ?
Hi Gaeet,
Thanks for your comment!
We do not have a part 2 of this video course at this point, but I will happily pass it on to our course developers for possible future video courses.
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
@@realpars Gr9 efforts
Nice
what you use to make this type of video
Hi Digambar,
Thanks for your comment!
I am actually not sure about this as this is done by our graphic and animation department.
can u talk about IOT ?
We have a course about this topic in our library.
@@realpars can u send me the link pls ^_^
Can we generate air so we can put it in the intake for infinite combustion?
Not a bad idea in theory, but no, air needs to be supplied from the atmosphere. Often, we use combustion fans to increase the volume of air available, but it would be prohibitively expensive to "produce air" in the proper N2/O2 ratios.
@@realpars Thank you so much . I really appreciate your videos . Im learning something new so someday I'll build a gas turbine :)
@@lyonnguyen2672 Ge lms100 does this. Uses electricity to cool and force induce air. Basically an lm6000 core with frame 6 front end. Not infinite combustion but increases power output
What is the difference between turbocharger based generator & gas turbine based! Which is profitable & why!!?
Thank you for your inquiry. According to industrial standards, I'll provide definitions for both devices you mentioned in your question. However, determining which one is more profitable is complex, as it hinges on geographical location and the engineering intricacies of their designs.
Turbocharger: A turbocharger, when added to a basic generator gas engine, incorporates an air compressor utilized in internal combustion engines to augment the volume of air entering the engine. This enhances its efficiency and power output by enabling the engine to burn more fuel through the increased air volume in the combustion chamber, thereby boosting overall performance.
Turbine Engine: In contrast to a turbocharged engine, a turbine engine-also referred to as a gas turbine-generates mechanical power by harnessing energy from a rapid flow of hot combustion gases.
Happy learning from RealPars!
@@realpars Thank you very much! I'm a service engineer, working on turbocharger actually! Thanks for the reply!
Super
Thanks, Vipul!
Why gas is compressed in multistage how it increases the efficiency?
Thank you for your query. Gas turbine engineering is designed to maximize fuel efficiency. Typically, in this engineering process, the heat generated by turbines is repurposed to heat a boiler, producing steam that powers an additional generator to generate electricity. Numerous original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) implementing turbines often adopt this technology. For further insight into this topic, I encourage you to explore the following links as valuable resources to aid in your learning:
www.energy.gov/fecm/how-gas-turbine-power-plants-work#:~:text=As%20hot%20combustion%20gas%20expands,a%20generator%20to%20produce%20electricity.
www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/home/products-services/product-offerings/gas-turbines.html#:~:text=Our%20heavy%2Dduty%20gas%20turbines,extensive%20validation%20and%20testing%20capabilities.
Happy learning!
what does PT and TT stands for ? like pressure T....... and temperature T........?
PT = Pressure Transmitter; TT = Temperature Transmitter
@@realpars Thankyou sir
@@zubairyamin6044 out...,⅙
Why wouldn't they pre-heat, the incoming air by the exhaust, to increase efficiency and decrease fuel consumption?
Very large gas turbines may have economizer sections where waste heat is reused, but part of controlling the efficiency in the combustion chamber is control of the incoming air and fuel streams. Normally, the bulk of the energy in the turbine exhaust has been converted to work (rotating the turbine) and the residual heat is not easily captured or able to be reused. It is a matter of the economics of doing so, as well as space limitations where these engines are used.
Colder air is denser so you would get a more efficient burn, but by the time the air has passed through the final compression stage it is so compressed that the temp is already increased
WOW
Cant the exhaust gas be used for something?
It would be a waste to just let it out into the environment.
See below
They utilize the hot 1000 degree F turbine exhaust in combined cycle power plants. 2 gas turbines exhaust into a boiler and the steam generated turns a steam turbine generator. These stations are pretty efficient.
👍
You got it wrong already. The chemical potential energy in a rocket is converted to kinetic energy of the escaping gases, not mechanical energy. In a gas turbine, the chemical energy is converted to thermal energy of the high temperature gases, and using a nozzle, partially to kinetic energy of the gases in the hot gas path. That kinetic and thermal energy of the gases from the combustion chamber is partially converted to mechanical energy in the turbine, but some thermal and kinetic energy remain. With the remaining kinetic energy, the gas won't leave the turbine but would just sit there. Some thermal energy in the exhaust gas can be routed to a heat recovery steam generator to generate steam, but even then, the exhaust is still hotter than ambient and has kinetic energy enough to leave the stack.
Thank you for your comments. Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy in an object that is used to do work. Mechanical energy is energy in an object due to its motion or position, or both. We agree that the stationary, chemical potential energy is converted to kinetic energy by combustive means, but that kinetic energy, by the classical definition, is a component of the rocket's mechanical energy. As the rocket rises, its potential energy due to position changes, which also contributes to the overall net mechanical energy of the rocket.