In November of last year, I released a crudely made video on the Science of Small Distances. It was kind of a half hobby, half experimental effort and I had never expected more than a few hundred people to ever watch it. I still recall the excitement of hitting my first 500 subscribers from that video. And here were are, one year later, 138k subscribers strong and a silver play button fresh in hand. I can't begin to express how grateful I am for all the support you guys have given me. It's been an amazing adventure and I'm so thrilled to be sharing it with such an incredible and knowledgeable audience. I thank you all. As the channel grew over the past year, I've always wanted to redo that first video that set everything in motion; refine the quality a bit, USE METRIC UNITS!, etc. I can't think of a more appropriate time than now - I present to you my anniversary remake of The Science of Small Distances.
Please keep it up! I as a machinist really love your techincal and scientific videos. Maybe you could make a video how the first machines where made. Like how did machines get more pecise without better tools.
If you put two pieces glass together with a couple drops of oil in between them it gives you a great idea of how that thin film of oil works in the engine, it's also pretty impressive !
@@peterzingler6221 No, it isn't surface adhesion in the case of bearings. (it is surface adhesion in the case of corrosion inhibitors) In the case of a plain bearings (aka journal bearings) the friction is reduced and wear is minimized through hydrodynamic pressures in the boundary layer forcing the surfaces apart. The effectiveness is dependent on the combination of surface speed, fluid viscosity, and bearing pressure [load]; within the design speed, load, and viscosity range a wedge of oil is created that is thick enough to prevent all metal contact. At low speeds or low viscosity the oil film is less than the height of the surface roughness of the metal and some wear happens as well as an increase in friction, the amount of wear depends on specifics and if done in a controlled fashion can actually be used for "break in" which is really just a final polishing step to reduce the roughness. This is also why most engine wear happens during startup, stopped bearings have no oil film thickness. At speeds or viscosity higher than the design optimum the layer becomes thick enough for some other fluid dynamics to become relevant and you get a slight increase in friction [as energy loss to heating] but no change in wear as the metal surfaces are still fully separated. Rolling element bearings like ball bearings also use hydrodynamic pressure but the practical details are quite a bit different.
@@davidplatenkamp The point of high oil pressure is more for keep oil in the places it's supposed to be, but it most likely does have an effect on how well the plain bearings work. I would image higher pressure increases the bearings performance.
@@Dappersworth I'm no engineer but from what I've seen in big diesel motor oil pressure isn't necessarily better if you look at cat c12 pressure are higher then a Detroit N60 and both are reliable but I think it have more to do with manufacturers tolerances because they both use same viscosity oil.
Essentially what filing is :) Though you usually mark with a marker. I can imagine that scraping with an axe can be pretty precise as well. Just a lot slower...
Honestly, to some degree it makes them tangible. Like, if we were the smallest size we could feel on an otherwise smooth surface, you would be 25 microns tall, and could feel differences of .3nm on a surface, which is roughly the size of the period 5-7 group 1-3 atoms. In other words, you could feel a shrunken human that could feel atoms.
"Many of the components we interact with daily such as buttons, switches, knobs, and other tactile controls operate with clearance fits in the 0.25mm range." Oh, that's all! Imagine saying this to a Renaissance or Industrial Revolution-era scientist. All the little things we take for granted in the modern world. Excellent video.
Hey there! I am a retired engine machinist who ground thousands of crankshafts and bored and honed thousands of engine blocks, as well as piston pins and bushings etc. I saw the first video on this, and remember seeing some information that was a bit off. I have been subbed since, and have been watching your videos. Their quality and the information quality have been getting phenomenal! You have a really good skill there. Keep it up! As you went smaller in dimensions in this video, I kept comparing the information to what my experience told me, and everything was really, really accurate. I saw one tiny flaw, and maybe others mentioned it, but piston pins DO have a clearance fit, of about .007mm, so they do slip together at room temperature, although, as you said earlier in the video, it takes a bit of skill to line them up well. In most engines, the cast iron connecting rod bore end is heated to allow the pin to slide through, and it clamps on with great force when it cools. In a lot of diesels and industrial engines, the connecting rods have a bushing in them which also has the .007mm clearance honed in, (rather than the interference fit), and in these situations, clips are fit into grooves in the piston on either end of the pins to keep them from sliding all the way out. You may already know all this too, but I got talking..... anyway, great job! I would LOVE to be able to make videos like this, but I seem to be stuck on learning how to do animation. I think it's just a matter of 'drive'.
As a point of reference, I work on linear motor 5-axis CNC mills that have a high-accuracy mode that promises a tool-to-tool measurement discrepancy of ±1 micron. In this mode the holder the tool is in, the spindle, the laser assembly, all must be calibrated at temperature and have specific runtimes in order to keep them all within the same temperature of each other, and warmup times designed around constant temperature both before tool measurement and machining take place. For those not familiar with metric: one micron is about 40 millionths of an inch, or .00004". Human touch can distinguish about one ten-thousandth (0.0001") in surface difference.
It would be so much fun, if a CNC-machine like that could replicate/manufactor a high precision version of the gears in the motor of my 1906 vintage Edison Home Model B Phonograph. Two things I would change with a modern version, would be (1) having double herringbone gears and (2) having the axls prepared for ball or roller bearings instead of just the axl rod sticking into a hole in the motor plate.
The AK-47 is legend because you can pull it out of a puddle of mud and it'll still cycle due to slop in the mechanism. There's nothing +-1 micron in it either.
And people wonder why Formula 1 engines are so expensive. They produce so much power because there tolerances are so small. They can have higher compression. You can't even turn the engine over until they get it up to temperature by running hot fluids through it.
For those interested in this general topic, I recommend the book, "The Perfectionists" by Simon Winchester. It basically goes into much more detail about how all of this figured into the Industrial Revolution, including people who dedicated their lives to achieving all of this precision.
This takes me back to the early 60s, where I have the most boring job of grinding the axles to +- 0.0127mm which were a press fit into the arm of the torque bar suspension for armoured vehicles. The centre grinder I used had a plaque stating it was patented in 1896. After that I went on to grinding crankshafts on a more modern machine.
The oil floats within the tiny tolerances (gaps) and acts like a hydraulic float. Oils for engines are specially formulated for temperature and viscosity. Bad oil can destroy an engine as it goes black it’s mainly metal fragments microns across that sand the parts down.
There are a lot of gadgets that the failure is engineered into them. I talked to an engineer at a lawn mower factory. And he told me that they knew how many hours that the mower would run.
Willy Bee in not necessarily meant to fail, its just engineered to last a certain amount of time, at a point in product development and manufacture the cost starts to exponentially increase so engineers look at something called the “ bathtub failure curve”. Its largely based on the market, they can design and build a car that would last 50 years but most people wont be able to afford it till they have about 10 years left to live. But yes there are some companies who employ something called “planned obsolescence”
I don't remember the exact point I subscribed. But I remember a few things I noticed. The first thing was that I noticed the attention to detail and the range of knowledge in the first video I watched. I knew this channel was definitely one of the few worth watching every video posted (even more than once), and I'm picky with which channels to which I subscribe. However, I was surprised (and maybe a little disappointed) there were only 2 videos. But then I realized: the channel wasn't abandoned, just really new. Something I hadn't encountered before, a great channel at the very beginning.
Hey, great stuff! I went to school for "engineering drafting and design". Where I lived they didn't need people with 4 year degrees that still didn't know how to draw so the local college tailored it's curriculum to the work in the area. Important things like like fits, tolerances, metallurgy, material selection and most importantly, Computer Aided Drafting were of course covered but we also had to take the entire machine tool operations sequence which was the same sequence for a "journeyman machinist" might have to take. Many complained "I'm not going to work in a dirty shop", not realizing that it would make us better designers. In fact, if it wasn't for that sequence we never would have qualified for the jobs in the area detail draftsman and designers. I soaked up everything in college I could like a sponge. I took other cad classes that used different programs, "hydraulics and pneumatics"...whatever I could take that might allow me to be employable at a variety of shops. It worked. I didn't plan on working as a machinist in a welding shop but when layoff time came I needed the job. Unemployment didn't pay the bills! LOL I was taught mostly in inches because from the rollers at the steel mill to the finished sheets and bars, everything was in inches. You could special order hard Metric but only a couple of sizes might be on the shelf or could be had quickly. So, to this day, when someone starts talking in Metric, my eyes gloss over and I start looking for my calculator.
cnc operator here, the same exact thing happened for me. for whatever reason, the online consensus is that metric is the standard for the world, but that just isn't the case. i could tell you by feel alone whether a feature on a part is 3 thou or 5 thou, but 25mm vs 24.98mm? no clue. i could tell you if you used an h7 tap or an h8 tap, but when it comes to metric, i just stop paying attention haha. it's just not what industry in the US uses.
@@maxzito70 Yea I used to be able to do a rough conversion from metric to standard so I knew what they were talking about but I don't even bother now. If people online give numbers in metric all I hear is Charlie Brown's teacher, "blah ma bla ga blaaaaa." If you're in the US and actually working the field, FOR THE MOST PART, you're going to be working in standard, not metric. Some shops HERE IN THE US that only do stuff the asian markets might do soft metric but it's going to be very uncommon to see hard metric.
I once machined a bore for a ball bearing in an aluminum housing, but my last cut went slightly oversize. This has happened to all of us, I realize. But I left the part in the machine while I figured out how to fix it, and when I came back hours later the part had cooled to room temperature and the bore had contracted to the right size. This was a bit of luck in this case, of course, but temperature matters when precise dimensions are required.
I used to work in Pratt & Whitney The building was constant 68 degrees F And the blue prints specified the temperature to inspect dimensions at 68 F . Some parts were up to 56 inches in diameter Needless to say size of them was sensitive to temperature The parts were made to be assembled in 68 F
I did all the inspection work for my machine shop, and some blueprints specified dimensions at certain temperature and even humidity levels. I could hold aluminum helicopter engine parts in my hands for a few minutes and get them to grow or shrink in and out of tolerance from the heat in my hands.
me with my d21 hard body with 300k on the od' and 50k on the engine (rip old engine, was good for 20 years and to every fault of the owner got never seize in it) challange accepted aswell give me a locked diff and ill tear my yard up!
12:50 My dad worked in semiconductor quality control. He sometimes had to "grind down" into chips to take a look at certain structures, so he applied these pieces as big as a sandcorn to a holder and grinded them on plates of glas, molecules of highly distilled water being the abrasive material. For finer work, they used a focused stream of particles, where you can see in realtime what you just "milled away" by doing roentgen spectroscopy. Fun thing is, he referred to that process, where you blast away atoms one after another, as "burning a canyon into that surface and sift through the debris"
Call me subscribed! What a great video! No nonsense, accurate information presented with great voice over, clearly spoken. I just can't say enough. KUDOS!
Your fitment animation needs to allow for the air pressure at the back of the bore during assembly. This is usually allowed for by drilling a vent hole in the shaft or machining a flat for the air to escape. Also, you can add chamfers to the parts to assist assembly
What an incredible video! Content, layout, explanation, pace, videography, voiceover…all PERFECT! It all adds up to presenting a complex subject in an effortlessly digestible and entertaining way. WOW! I loved it!!
Genuinely the most mind blowing video I've watched for a long time. I never knew that engine bearing clearances were so incredibly tight. Amazing scale comparisons as well, really gives you an idea of the distances involved.
My career has been in Telecommunications., but I have still had some experience with the mechanical world. In old telephone exchanges, we adjusted relays to the 1/1000". I have also worked on my own car engines. I benefited from a marvellous free education here in NZ, and have had a life-long interest in all aspects of Science and Mechanics. I'll pull anything apart, really. I greatly appreciated watching this. Thanks!
@@1pcfred No, not trolling. I was just being old school with fractions, rather than hybrid decimal fractions of Imperial. I recall the unit was commonly referred to as "A Thou' ", so it seemed appropriate to me to use the fraction to refer to it.
@@flamencoprof using fractions to express decimals is not the norm. Although I've seen some digital calipers that can do it. None of the ones I have can. My Mitutoyo Absolute Digimatic is pretty much the industry standard too. I wouldn't trade them for the calipers that can do fractions.
One specialized assembly method to line up two close fitting parts: Chamfer on one of the parts -It greatly reduce the need to perfectly line up the centerline of the parts. -Parts with clearance of just above 10 micrometers can then be fitted by hand and some gentle force if it is a through hole. A blind hole makes it harder as it becomes an air spring, with the satisfying ploff sound upon disassembly.
Who thumbs down a video like this? I gave it a 👍 I thought it was outstanding and thoroughly enjoyed it. I have a machining background, which helped with a real world understanding of the material.
“but how can a machine rotate so reliably for so many years?” *i think about this all the time except the machine is our heart like how it beat so much*
company i used to work at had a problem. they make a laser micrometer that could measure much smaller than 1 micron. but not with good repeatability. what they found out was not only a temp problem but a air pressure problem. precise air pressure in the inside of the devise helped solve it. of course few need a tenth of a micron measurement device but for the right money they can have it. a ton of money is spent on equipment just to measure beer can punches or looking for flaws in fiber optics.
This was a random science info video in my feed. Going into it, I was blank about it, but within two minutes, I was hooked and curious. That was a great introduction to the topic, very precise and the scale of the said machines in work was truly eye opening.
4:50 Fitting ignition points many years ago I would always have trouble getting the gap right with feeler gauges as they would close slightly when removing the gauge. Over time I learned to gauge the gap by eye which I would check with feelers and it would feel better than any attempt with feelers, it actually felt perfect. The gap of Bosch points is usually 0.4mm (0.016") while Japanese vehicle points is 0.5mm (0.020"). That difference is quite noticeable in itself by eye with experience. I don't know how close my settings were but by feel I would be confident to say another decimal place. I'm not saying that is how accurately I can measure by eye, by no means, I can't tell the difference between 6.5 and 6.6mm or even 1.4 and 1.5 mm. What I'm saying is just that with experience people can far exceed what is considered the limits. Digital display verniers are good for seeing how close you can get to a gap. I'm sure there are plenty of toolmakers out there who can tell about how fine they can gauge without measuring.
I scrolled down to see if anyone had any objections to what he said also. With experience you can see smaller details given that your eye sight is good or you got good glasses. There are also tricks to see stuff even smaller than that by using light and looking for reflections or details that stick out as you move the object around in you hands, having a loupe is cheating but who doesn't like cheating.
I agree with you. I worked on Italian,German and Japanese packaging machines. The air gap on the clutches and brakes had to be writhing .3-.5 mm. After 40 years I can set them without a guage.
this is so cool, i love to read this. it seems like The longer we observe something the more sensitive we become to the multiple observed sensory inputs associated with that thing. Therefore we become much better at playing 'spot the difference' between state changes of associated with thing (saying something is feeling right or not feeling right may communicate something simple but is really diluted from complicated data that is imperceivable to the average person etc.) especially at the tolerance levels you are talking about very interesting
10:00 this was a brilliant tool to make a relation of coefficient of thermal expansion and Young's modulus. Beautiful. We just have to know torsional constant.
Nice video: unusual for RUclips, the science is sound, the engineering is well-chosen, and the level of common sense is just ver-ree fine. Good work and thank you!
You are somewhat right, with injectionmoulding 0.01mm is a common tolerance between parts, and going into injectionmoulding with silicone you would have a leak with that gap. Where 0.005mm tolerances or even lower are a must for the mould to work. Alot of mobilephone and computer parts, medicine etc have a insane tolerance, superseeding engine specs somethimes. As a toolmaker i work daily with tolerances below 0.01mm on my manual machines. It comes down to skill and profession. You dont need automated machines to make a snugg fitt. My grinder is accurate to 0.0025mm and its manual.
Excellent video. In my career I often encountered specifications that called for dimensional tolerances much finer than required for the actual application- it was easier for lazy engineers to set a tight spec than to figure out what they actually needed. There was also the rookie mistake of pasting a spreadsheet calculation result into a shop spec, without regard to how many significant figures were actually justified based on the input values.
My dad told me a story one time in the early 60's. I don't know if it's true but I've always remembered it. The US sent a tiny drill bit to Switzerland, bragging of our great accomplishment. Switzerland sent it back with a hole drilled through the center of it.
7280 camaro... I heard the same story back in the early 2000's when I was a machinist. I think the names of who sent who the drill bit change from time to time but apparently the story is true, or something close to it.
as a guitar builder i'd say the practical limit for working with hardwood is more like 0.005" or 130 micron. depends on the species and how you make opposing forces counteract each other.
tape measures still provide a vital role in the modern machine shop. I mean, i have to set my cup of coffee on something or else it will leave a ring on the workbench.
The most common mistake (that happend rarly) was parts beeing sawn too a wrong length. For example 154mm instead of 145mm. But other than getting the raw material we didn't really use it either.
I have an old tool from my dad which indexes thickness on sheets of metal from about 0.88 mm to less than 0.06 mm (the smallest index is too worn to read) I’m always amazed seeing craftsmanship like this where people were accurate to fractions of millimeters before I was even alive
Thanks, these videos are excellent. The exact pace and level of detail that keep me engaged, learning and not feeling the need to scroll forward or back.
As someone who has sliced there hand open allowing a measuring tape to spring back in my hand.... I can safely say that it isn't an unlikely that it has taken blood.
Tape measurers can be like scalpels, I had one cut me to the bone when I didn't realize I was close to the end and still kept pulling. The spring at the very end is literally a razor.
I can tell you as a gunsmith, it baffles most people that a well made fire arm has part fitment with tolerances tighter than a human hair. For example when head spacing a gun. (The process of insuring the chamber is reamed to the correct depth relative to the face of the bolt) this process if you wish to achieve anything resembling accuracy starts at 0.003" and can go as tight as 0.001" before you run into issues with ambiance temperature interface
4:33 Yes, you can measure length with micrometer. However, machinists almost always use it to measure outside diameters (ODs). much easier to use a vernier height gauge to measure length.
vernier calipers are only good to about .002 inches. So, if you are on either end of a plus or minus .005 inch tolerance you can easily be out using calipers. Use a micrometer.
ncie overview of measurements. we have, in early 2020 crossed the partial nanometer measurements and fabrication as tech increases, the term picometer becomes appropriate. I think it will be quite a long time before we approach single digit picometers.
Thank you very much! Since I was a kid I was wondering why cannot I make two objects fit precisely together (that was wood and plywood those days) and was stunned to discover that my favourite hammer and screwdriver are being slowly used up as I use them and not only the nails and screws heads. I wish I could watch that video then - might have push me in more interesting direction with my career choice...
@@jorritwoudsma7530: Oh, because even though my question wasn't answered, it prompted you to fix something? If that's what you were referring to, then nice, you're welcome, and thanks for fixing it!
For a while I worked at a facility that manufactured bottling slip sheets. It's a thin sheet of plastic used in the bottling process. Our tolerances was +/-1.5 thousandth of an inch. My job was checking them every hour over 10 times a day. By the end I could pretty much tell how thick it was just by hand and sight. Using the actual tool was just to see how close I got and as a double check.
It is really interesting to see this. I do Architectural Drawings from Hand and I can draw in 0.1 mm increments. I also worked many years with ethernet cables and other telecommunication cables. Those are small distances I am quite comfortable to work with. I also worked with Fiber Cables and to work with these is really hard, especially if you’re on a construction side. „Melting“ two fiber cables together takes time. While the „melting“ is done by a machine, you still need to free up every single fiber, cut them properly and insert them. This work was always „too small“ for my likings. For example, a typical Singlemode Fiber is 0.009 mm thick. I had to make them free, clean them, cut them and put them in the placeholder by hand.
Silicon atoms are ~0.2nm in diameter so 5nm is actually closer to 25 atoms thick and at the moment the smallest commercial transistor created by photo lithography is 7nm which is about 35 atoms thick. If you want to look into the thinnest material we've ever made (at least in lab conditions) look into graphene, that's a single atom thick layer of carbon and is considered a holy grail in material sciences, engineering, semiconductors and everyone in between.
Very nice videos, you kept my attention throughout, where I just binge-watched around 7 videos, well done. Plus, I am an engineer and could relate to all of your content, with not one assumed fact, you have clearly done a lot of research and have great enthusiasm for the content you produce. You have my subscription and notification. I may even become a Patron. Could I suggest just one thing that works for me if that's ok; in that your end screens link to the next video in the series? I get more click-throughs from the end-screen ;-)
@@BariumCobaltNitrog3n Yep that's what I ment, nice videos, must have been tired when I wrote this over a year ago, not sure it confirms idiot status though, haha. Cheers for the feedback 👍
@@neildevonshire2434: Oh nice, you edited it; cool of you! That calls for a deletion of all of our replies now, since you just rendered them obsolete, which is good!
In the late 1960s I worked on computer peripherals that had tolerance specification of; “touches but does not bind.” It had technicians and inspectors at complete loggerheads.
During my apprenticeship I learned handfiling to 0.02+-0.005 mm... took me arround 6 months to get there you need a lot of patience and feeling for the file... we filed dies and punches in tool steal with relief angels and the whole shebang... drives you mad at times but once learned it can save your arse in this field for really crude and fast fixes on tooling :)
As a machinist, I can't get enough of these videos. I repair hydraulic equipment that has a .001" to .003" clearance. In the world of machining .003" is a country mile.🤣 I grind crankshafts on the side and some modern engine's have .0001" to .00022 rod clearances. 😳 Have fun with that your first time. I encourage any younger people to get into machining. We really need young blood and it's one of the puzzle pieces that made (USA) are county what it is today.
@@j.dragon651 it absolutely does depending on where you work. At my company our machinists that have roughly 20 years of experience make 50-75 an hour. Even new machinists make 35 an hour.
Well, you learn something new every day. I had never heard the term "wrist pin", so I did a search. It's what I know as a "gudgeon pin". So now I know. In the US a gudgeon pin is called a wrist pin.
Great video! A friend of mine was a machinist his whole life. He has a block of steel on his desk. It looks like just a block of steel. If you push on the center, a cloverleaf will push out. I forget the tolerance he said it was, but you cannot see it! He said it was done on some sort of wire machine submersed in water….he explained it to me but I had the deer in the headlight look when he was finished lol I’m used to using plastiguage for bearings, and some stuff I work with .3mm. What he does makes me look like a caveman lol
Yea. About that fit, in our high school, we deal with 0.001mm practically every day. Just 2 days ago, I had to mill ridge 20H8. That means 20mm, H tolerance is +- and the 8 is specific value. And I milled it about 19,8mm, and then by hand filing, with help of cilinder calibre with the exact 20H8 tolerance, I fit it perfectly. And surprisingly, its nothing hard, it just sounds crazy at first 😅
There is a fascinating video somewhere here on RUclips about the mass production of the East Germany Trabant car. It shows how they dealt with their insufficent tolerances: manually selecting fitting parts for the engine or trimming the (plastic composite) doors after they where assembled.
I would love you to go very deep in small distances like electron tunneling microscope. The needle for this device has to unbelievable small to use for imaging the surface of the atoms with voltage.
One time at work we had 25ish holes bored to a certain spec, within microns. (Around 2inches each) Then bolts made to exactly the same spec. We then placed each individual bolt in dry ice before install. 2-3 hours being that cold it would shrink JUSSSST enough to squeeze in before it would swell back up for a perfect fit.
I'm intrigued that you'd show an Apple product while talking about tactile use; apparently iPhone case halves get measured after machining and matched to get the best possible fit.
Clearance fit holes are drilled for aluminum rivets in the manufacture of aircraft. Also, interference fit holes are reamed for some fastener applications, which cause the metal around the hole to expand when the fastener is driven into the hole, causing the metal to become work-hardened.
It is interesting to think that our technology is limited by our measuring devices. The more accurate our measurements, the more accurate our technology becomes.
Interesting. I've been a general auto mechanic for almost 20 years and I heard a rumor awhile back about Rangerover engines dropping cylinder sleeves causing head gasket leaks because of the hvac setup in the factory where the blocks were made. Apparently the fresh blocks didn't cure correctly because air was blowing on them at a critical point in the assembly line. Not sure how true that is but it makes sense and I've seen enough dropped sleeves on Landrover Rangerovers to believe it.
I remember that video! The first one. I didn't find it when it was new but a half a year later. Both of these are great videos and actually help (at least for me) to learn the basics of distances. Especially with the clearance bit. Well done.
Grandad retired from being a machinist in 94 I think. Long before he retired he was working a machine that would get thrown out of tolerance when they opened the door to bring in material. They tried to only open the door at the start of the day and right after lunch. But someone would eventually need more material. He would just quit working let them come in and out then go back to work. The lathe I think wouldn’t get turned off but just sit and spin
Sorry for the bad English my teacher in school describe a micron like this: when you have shit between your fingers and rub it, and you can not see it anymore, but you can smell it that's a micron.
In November of last year, I released a crudely made video on the Science of Small Distances. It was kind of a half hobby, half experimental effort and I had never expected more than a few hundred people to ever watch it. I still recall the excitement of hitting my first 500 subscribers from that video. And here were are, one year later, 138k subscribers strong and a silver play button fresh in hand. I can't begin to express how grateful I am for all the support you guys have given me. It's been an amazing adventure and I'm so thrilled to be sharing it with such an incredible and knowledgeable audience. I thank you all.
As the channel grew over the past year, I've always wanted to redo that first video that set everything in motion; refine the quality a bit, USE METRIC UNITS!, etc. I can't think of a more appropriate time than now - I present to you my anniversary remake of The Science of Small Distances.
Keep it up, Bro!
We are with you.
Ah, that explains the deja vu.
Small is BIG.
New Mind Your channel is great! I'm sure you will hit 1 million in 1 or 2 years if you continue.
Please keep it up! I as a machinist really love your techincal and scientific videos. Maybe you could make a video how the first machines where made. Like how did machines get more pecise without better tools.
If you put two pieces glass together with a couple drops of oil in between them it gives you a great idea of how that thin film of oil works in the engine, it's also pretty impressive !
@@patrickherron69 its surface adhision in both cases.
@@peterzingler6221 No, it isn't surface adhesion in the case of bearings. (it is surface adhesion in the case of corrosion inhibitors)
In the case of a plain bearings (aka journal bearings) the friction is reduced and wear is minimized through hydrodynamic pressures in the boundary layer forcing the surfaces apart. The effectiveness is dependent on the combination of surface speed, fluid viscosity, and bearing pressure [load]; within the design speed, load, and viscosity range a wedge of oil is created that is thick enough to prevent all metal contact.
At low speeds or low viscosity the oil film is less than the height of the surface roughness of the metal and some wear happens as well as an increase in friction, the amount of wear depends on specifics and if done in a controlled fashion can actually be used for "break in" which is really just a final polishing step to reduce the roughness. This is also why most engine wear happens during startup, stopped bearings have no oil film thickness.
At speeds or viscosity higher than the design optimum the layer becomes thick enough for some other fluid dynamics to become relevant and you get a slight increase in friction [as energy loss to heating] but no change in wear as the metal surfaces are still fully separated.
Rolling element bearings like ball bearings also use hydrodynamic pressure but the practical details are quite a bit different.
@@mytech6779 Does oil pressure not affect the capacity of plain bearings?
@@davidplatenkamp The point of high oil pressure is more for keep oil in the places it's supposed to be, but it most likely does have an effect on how well the plain bearings work. I would image higher pressure increases the bearings performance.
@@Dappersworth I'm no engineer but from what I've seen in big diesel motor oil pressure isn't necessarily better if you look at cat c12 pressure are higher then a Detroit N60 and both are reliable but I think it have more to do with manufacturers tolerances because they both use same viscosity oil.
measure with a micrometer. Mark it with chalk. Cut with an axe
Measure with a laser, mark it with paint, cut it with a dozer. From the civil world.
Sand it with a very, very coarse cheese grater.
：（
Essentially what filing is :) Though you usually mark with a marker. I can imagine that scraping with an axe can be pretty precise as well. Just a lot slower...
Continue with file it to fit and then paint it to match.
This is pretty much the only video I’ve found that has actually given me more than just a sliver of an idea about the size of atoms
Honestly, to some degree it makes them tangible. Like, if we were the smallest size we could feel on an otherwise smooth surface, you would be 25 microns tall, and could feel differences of .3nm on a surface, which is roughly the size of the period 5-7 group 1-3 atoms. In other words, you could feel a shrunken human that could feel atoms.
@@ffc1a28c7 Actually you'd crush the tiny human.
@@codingfeature3684 what a completely useless comment.
It says the atom is about 0.1 nm, but if I remember correctly, on average the atoms are about 0.2nm.
"Many of the components we interact with daily such as buttons, switches, knobs, and other tactile controls operate with clearance fits in the 0.25mm range." Oh, that's all! Imagine saying this to a Renaissance or Industrial Revolution-era scientist. All the little things we take for granted in the modern world. Excellent video.
0.25 mm is about 3X typical manufacturing tolerance. Which is +- 0.003" Only pussies use metric.
@@1pcfred Paul is triggered by the word "meter". Well, talking about pussy.....
@@kvnrthr1589 it was literally mentioned in the vid
"All the little things we take for granted in the modern world..." are... or do... what? What about them?
@@kvnrthr1589: The "US inch measurement"? Is there some kind of inch measurement outside of the USA, and did the inch come from the US?
Hey there! I am a retired engine machinist who ground thousands of crankshafts and bored and honed thousands of engine blocks, as well as piston pins and bushings etc. I saw the first video on this, and remember seeing some information that was a bit off. I have been subbed since, and have been watching your videos. Their quality and the information quality have been getting phenomenal! You have a really good skill there. Keep it up! As you went smaller in dimensions in this video, I kept comparing the information to what my experience told me, and everything was really, really accurate. I saw one tiny flaw, and maybe others mentioned it, but piston pins DO have a clearance fit, of about .007mm, so they do slip together at room temperature, although, as you said earlier in the video, it takes a bit of skill to line them up well. In most engines, the cast iron connecting rod bore end is heated to allow the pin to slide through, and it clamps on with great force when it cools. In a lot of diesels and industrial engines, the connecting rods have a bushing in them which also has the .007mm clearance honed in, (rather than the interference fit), and in these situations, clips are fit into grooves in the piston on either end of the pins to keep them from sliding all the way out. You may already know all this too, but I got talking..... anyway, great job! I would LOVE to be able to make videos like this, but I seem to be stuck on learning how to do animation. I think it's just a matter of 'drive'.
"beyond the scope of this video"
can't wait for part 2
I mean that was the most exciting part i solely waited for that moment as the distances gets smaller..
Just like few text books.
As a point of reference, I work on linear motor 5-axis CNC mills that have a high-accuracy mode that promises a tool-to-tool measurement discrepancy of ±1 micron. In this mode the holder the tool is in, the spindle, the laser assembly, all must be calibrated at temperature and have specific runtimes in order to keep them all within the same temperature of each other, and warmup times designed around constant temperature both before tool measurement and machining take place.
For those not familiar with metric: one micron is about 40 millionths of an inch, or .00004". Human touch can distinguish about one ten-thousandth (0.0001") in surface difference.
I stil work whit normal servos and at home steppers so I'm really jealous now
It would be so much fun, if a CNC-machine like that could replicate/manufactor a high precision version of the gears in the motor of my 1906 vintage Edison Home Model B Phonograph.
Two things I would change with a modern version, would be (1) having double herringbone gears and (2) having the axls prepared for ball or roller bearings instead of just the axl rod sticking into a hole in the motor plate.
The AK-47 is legend because you can pull it out of a puddle of mud and it'll still cycle due to slop in the mechanism. There's nothing +-1 micron in it either.
@@foadrightnow5725 No. four hundred thousandths is 4 * 100 * 1 thousandth which is 4 * 100 * 0.001 = 0.4. Forty millionths is 40 * 1 millionth or 40*0.000001 = 0.00004
And people wonder why Formula 1 engines are so expensive. They produce so much power because there tolerances are so small. They can have higher compression. You can't even turn the engine over until they get it up to temperature by running hot fluids through it.
For those interested in this general topic, I recommend the book, "The Perfectionists" by Simon Winchester. It basically goes into much more detail about how all of this figured into the Industrial Revolution, including people who dedicated their lives to achieving all of this precision.
yes ,thank you, I will look for it.
This takes me back to the early 60s, where I have the most boring job of grinding the axles to +- 0.0127mm which were a press fit into the arm of the torque bar suspension for armoured vehicles.
The centre grinder I used had a plaque stating it was patented in 1896.
After that I went on to grinding crankshafts on a more modern machine.
"But how can a machine rotate so reliably for years without failure?"
Chrysler: They don't.
Saw a Jeep Cherokee 4 door model on fire today. It’s -2*C here in New York but a Chrysler got to burn when it got to burn.
The oil floats within the tiny tolerances (gaps) and acts like a hydraulic float. Oils for engines are specially formulated for temperature and viscosity. Bad oil can destroy an engine as it goes black it’s mainly metal fragments microns across that sand the parts down.
LMFAO perfect ...
There are a lot of gadgets that the failure is engineered into them.
I talked to an engineer at a lawn mower factory.
And he told me that they knew how many hours that the mower would run.
Willy Bee in not necessarily meant to fail, its just engineered to last a certain amount of time, at a point in product development and manufacture the cost starts to exponentially increase so engineers look at something called the “ bathtub failure curve”. Its largely based on the market, they can design and build a car that would last 50 years but most people wont be able to afford it till they have about 10 years left to live. But yes there are some companies who employ something called “planned obsolescence”
I don't remember the exact point I subscribed. But I remember a few things I noticed.
The first thing was that I noticed the attention to detail and the range of knowledge in the first video I watched. I knew this channel was definitely one of the few worth watching every video posted (even more than once), and I'm picky with which channels to which I subscribe.
However, I was surprised (and maybe a little disappointed) there were only 2 videos. But then I realized: the channel wasn't abandoned, just really new. Something I hadn't encountered before, a great channel at the very beginning.
Thanks for the kind words and the support from the very beginning.
Hey, great stuff! I went to school for "engineering drafting and design". Where I lived they didn't need people with 4 year degrees that still didn't know how to draw so the local college tailored it's curriculum to the work in the area. Important things like like fits, tolerances, metallurgy, material selection and most importantly, Computer Aided Drafting were of course covered but we also had to take the entire machine tool operations sequence which was the same sequence for a "journeyman machinist" might have to take. Many complained "I'm not going to work in a dirty shop", not realizing that it would make us better designers. In fact, if it wasn't for that sequence we never would have qualified for the jobs in the area detail draftsman and designers. I soaked up everything in college I could like a sponge. I took other cad classes that used different programs, "hydraulics and pneumatics"...whatever I could take that might allow me to be employable at a variety of shops. It worked. I didn't plan on working as a machinist in a welding shop but when layoff time came I needed the job. Unemployment didn't pay the bills! LOL I was taught mostly in inches because from the rollers at the steel mill to the finished sheets and bars, everything was in inches. You could special order hard Metric but only a couple of sizes might be on the shelf or could be had quickly. So, to this day, when someone starts talking in Metric, my eyes gloss over and I start looking for my calculator.
cnc operator here, the same exact thing happened for me. for whatever reason, the online consensus is that metric is the standard for the world, but that just isn't the case. i could tell you by feel alone whether a feature on a part is 3 thou or 5 thou, but 25mm vs 24.98mm? no clue. i could tell you if you used an h7 tap or an h8 tap, but when it comes to metric, i just stop paying attention haha. it's just not what industry in the US uses.
@@maxzito70 Yea I used to be able to do a rough conversion from metric to standard so I knew what they were talking about but I don't even bother now. If people online give numbers in metric all I hear is Charlie Brown's teacher, "blah ma bla ga blaaaaa."
If you're in the US and actually working the field, FOR THE MOST PART, you're going to be working in standard, not metric. Some shops HERE IN THE US that only do stuff the asian markets might do soft metric but it's going to be very uncommon to see hard metric.
25.4 brother
I once machined a bore for a ball bearing in an aluminum housing, but my last cut went slightly oversize. This has happened to all of us, I realize. But I left the part in the machine while I figured out how to fix it, and when I came back hours later the part had cooled to room temperature and the bore had contracted to the right size. This was a bit of luck in this case, of course, but temperature matters when precise dimensions are required.
It could have also blown up
Nvm i guess you left it in the bore machine instead of the machine where its supposed to be built in
I have machined very large pieces of aluminum and they would vary .010 depending on temperature.
I used to work in Pratt & Whitney The building was constant 68 degrees F And the blue prints specified the temperature to inspect dimensions at 68 F . Some parts were up to 56 inches in diameter Needless to say size of them was sensitive to temperature The parts were made to be assembled in 68 F
I did all the inspection work for my machine shop, and some blueprints specified dimensions at certain temperature and even humidity levels. I could hold aluminum helicopter engine parts in my hands for a few minutes and get them to grow or shrink in and out of tolerance from the heat in my hands.
“An engine can experience 500 million to 1 billion revolutions in its life”.
Honda owners in one night: Challenge accepted
me with my d21 hard body with 300k on the od' and 50k on the engine (rip old engine, was good for 20 years and to every fault of the owner got never seize in it)
challange accepted aswell give me a locked diff and ill tear my yard up!
Goldwing has documented a million miles.
CBR250 engine 30 seconds later: "Done!"
12:50 My dad worked in semiconductor quality control. He sometimes had to "grind down" into chips to take a look at certain structures, so he applied these pieces as big as a sandcorn to a holder and grinded them on plates of glas, molecules of highly distilled water being the abrasive material. For finer work, they used a focused stream of particles, where you can see in realtime what you just "milled away" by doing roentgen spectroscopy. Fun thing is, he referred to that process, where you blast away atoms one after another, as "burning a canyon into that surface and sift through the debris"
Your crystal clear and calm narration makes this in itself already interesting subject so much more accessible. Well done!!
Call me subscribed! What a great video! No nonsense, accurate information presented with great voice over, clearly spoken. I just can't say enough. KUDOS!
Your fitment animation needs to allow for the air pressure at the back of the bore during assembly. This is usually allowed for by drilling a vent hole in the shaft or machining a flat for the air to escape. Also, you can add chamfers to the parts to assist assembly
What an incredible video! Content, layout, explanation, pace, videography, voiceover…all PERFECT! It all adds up to presenting a complex subject in an effortlessly digestible and entertaining way. WOW! I loved it!!
Genuinely the most mind blowing video I've watched for a long time. I never knew that engine bearing clearances were so incredibly tight.
Amazing scale comparisons as well, really gives you an idea of the distances involved.
My career has been in Telecommunications., but I have still had some experience with the mechanical world. In old telephone exchanges, we adjusted relays to the 1/1000". I have also worked on my own car engines. I benefited from a marvellous free education here in NZ, and have had a life-long interest in all aspects of Science and Mechanics. I'll pull anything apart, really. I greatly appreciated watching this. Thanks!
A thousandth of an inch is expressed as 0.001" in decimal form here. 1/1000" is just weird. Or were you just trolling metric users?
@@1pcfred No, not trolling. I was just being old school with fractions, rather than hybrid decimal fractions of Imperial. I recall the unit was commonly referred to as "A Thou' ", so it seemed appropriate to me to use the fraction to refer to it.
@@flamencoprof using fractions to express decimals is not the norm. Although I've seen some digital calipers that can do it. None of the ones I have can. My Mitutoyo Absolute Digimatic is pretty much the industry standard too. I wouldn't trade them for the calipers that can do fractions.
One specialized assembly method to line up two close fitting parts:
Chamfer on one of the parts
-It greatly reduce the need to perfectly line up the centerline of the parts.
-Parts with clearance of just above 10 micrometers can then be fitted by hand and some gentle force if it is a through hole.
A blind hole makes it harder as it becomes an air spring, with the satisfying ploff sound upon disassembly.
That is a satisfying sound. I find myself playing with pin gauges in tight tolerance bores at work a lot. "POP"
I work in CNC machine shop and I love how I know most of this yet listening to what you have to say about it is so interesting
Ive been Machinist and mechanical engineer for a long time and still love these kinds of videos
When did "machinist" become a brand? What about just being a machinist (the generic kind)?
@@HelloKittyFanMan. wow! You're so smart!
@@kenandrieling5885: Woww! You're so _silly!_ It was 2 _questions,_ not statements, duhhh. Are you not sound enough of mind to even _answer_ them?
Who thumbs down a video like this? I gave it a 👍
I thought it was outstanding and thoroughly enjoyed it. I have a machining background, which helped with a real world understanding of the material.
if the 19 people who dislike this video were each a micron,
their total size would be negligible
Same goes for the 106k people that watched this video
Negligibility is relative. In some applications, a 19 micron variance could be highly significant.
@@ahobimo732 very true, the permissible margin for error in RUclips comments section is usually about a light year
@@femanvate You wanted to sound smart so bad....didn't work
Depends on your tolerance for people :)
This series is without a doubt some of the best content online. Bravo.
One of the coolest and most interesting videos I’ve watched in a long time!
Perfect example of a video I had no idea was going to be this interesting until I started watching it. Well done, and thank you.
“but how can a machine rotate so reliably for so many years?” *i think about this all the time except the machine is our heart like how it beat so much*
Literally the same principles that hold our joints and supply for a long and healthy moving life! Amazing engine designers!
5:27 "we're now entering the realm of thickness" nice
thiccness?
How many Phat’s in a Thicc
That is what she said
me when your mom, no your mom when I, when she uh
One of the best channel on industrial projects and processes!
company i used to work at had a problem. they make a laser micrometer that could measure much smaller than 1 micron. but not with good repeatability. what they found out was not only a temp problem but a air pressure problem. precise air pressure in the inside of the devise helped solve it. of course few need a tenth of a micron measurement device but for the right money they can have it. a ton of money is spent on equipment just to measure beer can punches or looking for flaws in fiber optics.
That tool sounds awesome. I want it, I don't need it, but I want it.
This was a random science info video in my feed. Going into it, I was blank about it, but within two minutes, I was hooked and curious. That was a great introduction to the topic, very precise and the scale of the said machines in work was truly eye opening.
4:50 Fitting ignition points many years ago I would always have trouble getting the gap right with feeler gauges as they would close slightly when removing the gauge. Over time I learned to gauge the gap by eye which I would check with feelers and it would feel better than any attempt with feelers, it actually felt perfect.
The gap of Bosch points is usually 0.4mm (0.016") while Japanese vehicle points is 0.5mm (0.020"). That difference is quite noticeable in itself by eye with experience. I don't know how close my settings were but by feel I would be confident to say another decimal place.
I'm not saying that is how accurately I can measure by eye, by no means, I can't tell the difference between 6.5 and 6.6mm or even 1.4 and 1.5 mm. What I'm saying is just that with experience people can far exceed what is considered the limits.
Digital display verniers are good for seeing how close you can get to a gap.
I'm sure there are plenty of toolmakers out there who can tell about how fine they can gauge without measuring.
I scrolled down to see if anyone had any objections to what he said also. With experience you can see smaller details given that your eye sight is good or you got good glasses. There are also tricks to see stuff even smaller than that by using light and looking for reflections or details that stick out as you move the object around in you hands, having a loupe is cheating but who doesn't like cheating.
I agree with you.
I worked on Italian,German and Japanese packaging machines. The air gap on the clutches and brakes had to be writhing .3-.5 mm. After 40 years I can set them without a guage.
this is so cool, i love to read this. it seems like The longer we observe something the more sensitive we become to the multiple observed sensory inputs associated with that thing. Therefore we become much better at playing 'spot the difference' between state changes of associated with thing (saying something is feeling right or not feeling right may communicate something simple but is really diluted from complicated data that is imperceivable to the average person etc.) especially at the tolerance levels you are talking about
very interesting
Your discussion of the meter is a good example of sophistry.
10:00 this was a brilliant tool to make a relation of coefficient of thermal expansion and Young's modulus. Beautiful. We just have to know torsional constant.
If you wonder what it say's:Aluminium Copper Iron.. Just random info
Nice video: unusual for RUclips, the science is sound, the engineering is well-chosen, and the level of common sense is just ver-ree fine.
Good work and thank you!
As a machinist... getting a proper fit is NEVER a luck game based on your tooling! Its a skill and a honed profession that is replicateable
Did you hear him say it is??
@@patrickkirner9294 yes he does at minute marker 13.31
@@L33t5uPaH4x0r ???? 13:31 is the end of the video nothing is said there so when dod he say it
@@patrickkirner9294 sorry 6:53 i looked at the wrong side of the time bar
It most definately is lucky to hit the tolerance required if your machines tolerances are poor, JUST like the video said.
If a younger person asked me ow things fit together I'd show them your video. Concise and still precise. Excellent work.
I would call it "Best channel of the year 2019"...every video is gold..
You are somewhat right, with injectionmoulding 0.01mm is a common tolerance between parts, and going into injectionmoulding with silicone you would have a leak with that gap. Where 0.005mm tolerances or even lower are a must for the mould to work. Alot of mobilephone and computer parts, medicine etc have a insane tolerance, superseeding engine specs somethimes.
As a toolmaker i work daily with tolerances below 0.01mm on my manual machines. It comes down to skill and profession. You dont need automated machines to make a snugg fitt. My grinder is accurate to 0.0025mm and its manual.
I am always excited to see you've posted a video, super presentation, research, and your smooth voice go together well!
3rd year of studying engineering and i'm still astounded by the precision of todays science
Excellent video. In my career I often encountered specifications that called for dimensional tolerances much finer than required for the actual application- it was easier for lazy engineers to set a tight spec than to figure out what they actually needed. There was also the rookie mistake of pasting a spreadsheet calculation result into a shop spec, without regard to how many significant figures were actually justified based on the input values.
My dad told me a story one time in the early 60's. I don't know if it's true but I've always remembered it. The US sent a tiny drill bit to Switzerland, bragging of our great accomplishment. Switzerland sent it back with a hole drilled through the center of it.
7280 camaro... I heard the same story back in the early 2000's when I was a machinist. I think the names of who sent who the drill bit change from time to time but apparently the story is true, or something close to it.
as a guitar builder i'd say the practical limit for working with hardwood is more like 0.005" or 130 micron. depends on the species and how you make opposing forces counteract each other.
That was a great video, well presented and explained. Thanks
It needs a sequel... the science of nano distances
tape measures still provide a vital role in the modern machine shop. I mean, i have to set my cup of coffee on something or else it will leave a ring on the workbench.
The most common mistake (that happend rarly) was parts beeing sawn too a wrong length. For example 154mm instead of 145mm. But other than getting the raw material we didn't really use it either.
I have an old tool from my dad which indexes thickness on sheets of metal from about 0.88 mm to less than 0.06 mm (the smallest index is too worn to read)
I’m always amazed seeing craftsmanship like this where people were accurate to fractions of millimeters before I was even alive
I've always been obsessed with the extremely small, ever since they made the worlds smallest guitar back in the 90s.
Thanks, these videos are excellent. The exact pace and level of detail that keep me engaged, learning and not feeling the need to scroll forward or back.
I love those tape measures that look like they have taken blood.
Careful with those tricksy tools.
As someone who has sliced there hand open allowing a measuring tape to spring back in my hand.... I can safely say that it isn't an unlikely that it has taken blood.
Yeah those buggers are sharp as shit lmao
Definitely just rusty but yeah they are sharp as hell
Tape measurers can be like scalpels, I had one cut me to the bone when I didn't realize I was close to the end and still kept pulling. The spring at the very end is literally a razor.
Why ?
I can tell you as a gunsmith, it baffles most people that a well made fire arm has part fitment with tolerances tighter than a human hair. For example when head spacing a gun. (The process of insuring the chamber is reamed to the correct depth relative to the face of the bolt) this process if you wish to achieve anything resembling accuracy starts at 0.003" and can go as tight as 0.001" before you run into issues with ambiance temperature interface
4:33 Yes, you can measure length with micrometer. However, machinists almost always use it to measure outside diameters (ODs). much easier to use a vernier height gauge to measure length.
Internal micrometer damn it
vernier calipers are only good to about .002 inches. So, if you are on either end of a plus or minus .005 inch tolerance you can easily be out using calipers. Use a micrometer.
jesas, I love complex subjects like this explained so simply on youtube videos
ncie overview of measurements. we have, in early 2020 crossed the partial nanometer measurements and fabrication as tech increases, the term picometer becomes appropriate. I think it will be quite a long time before we approach single digit picometers.
Thank you very much! Since I was a kid I was wondering why cannot I make two objects fit precisely together (that was wood and plywood those days) and was stunned to discover that my favourite hammer and screwdriver are being slowly used up as I use them and not only the nails and screws heads. I wish I could watch that video then - might have push me in more interesting direction with my career choice...
Imagine being a engineering student and watching the whole video. Good vid man!
@@HelloKittyFanMan. Thank You
@@jorritwoudsma7530: Welcome. Thanks for... asking you what something is?
@@HelloKittyFanMan. read again
@@jorritwoudsma7530: Oh, because even though my question wasn't answered, it prompted you to fix something?
If that's what you were referring to, then nice, you're welcome, and thanks for fixing it!
Np, thx for letting me know
For a while I worked at a facility that manufactured bottling slip sheets. It's a thin sheet of plastic used in the bottling process. Our tolerances was +/-1.5 thousandth of an inch. My job was checking them every hour over 10 times a day. By the end I could pretty much tell how thick it was just by hand and sight. Using the actual tool was just to see how close I got and as a double check.
Absolutely fascinating and well composed video, thank you!
Fantastic. Consise to the point at excellent comparisons to make these small distance understandable. Thank you.
I work with CNC machines and parts like described and this video is is very informative but makes problems like fitting bigger than they are
much love
It is really interesting to see this. I do Architectural Drawings from Hand and I can draw in 0.1 mm increments. I also worked many years with ethernet cables and other telecommunication cables. Those are small distances I am quite comfortable to work with. I also worked with Fiber Cables and to work with these is really hard, especially if you’re on a construction side. „Melting“ two fiber cables together takes time. While the „melting“ is done by a machine, you still need to free up every single fiber, cut them properly and insert them. This work was always „too small“ for my likings.
For example, a typical Singlemode Fiber is 0.009 mm thick. I had to make them free, clean them, cut them and put them in the placeholder by hand.
... dealing with distances 50 atoms wide.... :o that's crazy
Silicon atoms are ~0.2nm in diameter so 5nm is actually closer to 25 atoms thick and at the moment the smallest commercial transistor created by photo lithography is 7nm which is about 35 atoms thick.
If you want to look into the thinnest material we've ever made (at least in lab conditions) look into graphene, that's a single atom thick layer of carbon and is considered a holy grail in material sciences, engineering, semiconductors and everyone in between.
@GamersaurusRex hard drives are insane if you think about all the science put into what's already becoming dino tech.
I love it. When you are a machinist this is second nature. Get to the point you can visually and touch can tell the deminsion on a tolerance.
Very nice videos, you kept my attention throughout, where I just binge-watched around 7 videos, well done. Plus, I am an engineer and could relate to all of your content, with not one assumed fact, you have clearly done a lot of research and have great enthusiasm for the content you produce. You have my subscription and notification. I may even become a Patron. Could I suggest just one thing that works for me if that's ok; in that your end screens link to the next video in the series? I get more click-throughs from the end-screen ;-)
*videos, you idiot.
@@BariumCobaltNitrog3n Yep that's what I ment, nice videos, must have been tired when I wrote this over a year ago, not sure it confirms idiot status though, haha. Cheers for the feedback 👍
@@neildevonshire2434 you're right. sorry. the idiot was uncalled for.
@@HelloKittyFanMan. I'm just cranky, I haven't been out of the house for a bit, never see my friends. sorry mate.
@@neildevonshire2434: Oh nice, you edited it; cool of you! That calls for a deletion of all of our replies now, since you just rendered them obsolete, which is good!
In the late 1960s I worked on computer peripherals that had tolerance specification of; “touches but does not bind.” It had technicians and inspectors at complete loggerheads.
Finally a subject related to my manhood
Ha
I scrolled for a comment like this :P
Same. I just got home from work to watch a video about what i do at work.Nice lol
r/suicidebywords
What's wrong with this world nowadays?
During my apprenticeship I learned handfiling to 0.02+-0.005 mm... took me arround 6 months to get there you need a lot of patience and feeling for the file... we filed dies and punches in tool steal with relief angels and the whole shebang... drives you mad at times but once learned it can save your arse in this field for really crude and fast fixes on tooling :)
As a machinist, I can't get enough of these videos. I repair hydraulic equipment that has a .001" to .003" clearance. In the world of machining .003" is a country mile.🤣 I grind crankshafts on the side and some modern engine's have .0001" to .00022 rod clearances. 😳 Have fun with that your first time. I encourage any younger people to get into machining. We really need young blood and it's one of the puzzle pieces that made (USA) are county what it is today.
the only problem is it doesn't really pay for the expertise or tools needed. I have been a machinist for over fifty years, recently retired.
@@j.dragon651 it absolutely does depending on where you work. At my company our machinists that have roughly 20 years of experience make 50-75 an hour. Even new machinists make 35 an hour.
@@hunterhofmann-hitt1756 what state, city, are you in. Very few places in the country pay that kind of money for machinists.
Well, you learn something new every day. I had never heard the term "wrist pin", so I did a search. It's what I know as a "gudgeon pin". So now I know. In the US a gudgeon pin is called a wrist pin.
He should next mention something about geometric dimensioning and tolerancing.
An often overlooked, but important modern technology 😎
Great video!
A friend of mine was a machinist his whole life. He has a block of steel on his desk. It looks like just a block of steel. If you push on the center, a cloverleaf will push out. I forget the tolerance he said it was, but you cannot see it! He said it was done on some sort of wire machine submersed in water….he explained it to me but I had the deer in the headlight look when he was finished lol
I’m used to using plastiguage for bearings, and some stuff I work with .3mm. What he does makes me look like a caveman lol
Yea. About that fit, in our high school, we deal with 0.001mm practically every day. Just 2 days ago, I had to mill ridge 20H8. That means 20mm, H tolerance is +- and the 8 is specific value. And I milled it about 19,8mm, and then by hand filing, with help of cilinder calibre with the exact 20H8 tolerance, I fit it perfectly. And surprisingly, its nothing hard, it just sounds crazy at first 😅
from what you write i can tell that you still have a lot to learn....
There is a fascinating video somewhere here on RUclips about the mass production of the East Germany Trabant car. It shows how they dealt with their insufficent tolerances: manually selecting fitting parts for the engine or trimming the (plastic composite) doors after they where assembled.
That was great! I really learned a lot :)
You are explaining this better than my school teacher.
I would love you to go very deep in small distances like electron tunneling microscope. The needle for this device has to unbelievable small to use for imaging the surface of the atoms with voltage.
Nice to find quality content like this in youtubes ever deepening bogmire of clickbait, subbed!
Had to Grind a car part. Tolerance: +-0.003mm
Worked out pretty good
When did "grind" become a brand?
One time at work we had 25ish holes bored to a certain spec, within microns. (Around 2inches each) Then bolts made to exactly the same spec. We then placed each individual bolt in dry ice before install. 2-3 hours being that cold it would shrink JUSSSST enough to squeeze in before it would swell back up for a perfect fit.
I'm intrigued that you'd show an Apple product while talking about tactile use; apparently iPhone case halves get measured after machining and matched to get the best possible fit.
i work at a lab, with metal analysis and surface clearance. I absolutely love to use a microscope, and this video brings me joy.
This was brilliant - good job, and thanks 🙏
Clearance fit holes are drilled for aluminum rivets in the manufacture of aircraft. Also, interference fit holes are reamed for some fastener applications, which cause the metal around the hole to expand when the fastener is driven into the hole, causing the metal to become work-hardened.
It is interesting to think that our technology is limited by our measuring devices. The more accurate our measurements, the more accurate our technology becomes.
Interesting. I've been a general auto mechanic for almost 20 years and I heard a rumor awhile back about Rangerover engines dropping cylinder sleeves causing head gasket leaks because of the hvac setup in the factory where the blocks were made. Apparently the fresh blocks didn't cure correctly because air was blowing on them at a critical point in the assembly line. Not sure how true that is but it makes sense and I've seen enough dropped sleeves on Landrover Rangerovers to believe it.
First comment. Great video! I think that was the first one I saw on your channel. Btw you should totally make a screensaver from that clip at the end.
2019 and people still be like ''first comment''. sorry. 11th comment. otherwise i totally agree
INCREDIBLE VIDEO Ive always asked myself how they measure and fit things to such precission, awesome
talking about 5 nm in 2020, here we are in 2019 with 7 nm technology and expected to 3 nm
5nm existed in 2018 already
Those numbers you're being fed are pure marketing wank.
Sep 2021: ...has been on the minds of the most serious model railroading modelers for almost a century. :)
I remember that video! The first one. I didn't find it when it was new but a half a year later. Both of these are great videos and actually help (at least for me) to learn the basics of distances. Especially with the clearance bit. Well done.
Grandad retired from being a machinist in 94 I think. Long before he retired he was working a machine that would get thrown out of tolerance when they opened the door to bring in material. They tried to only open the door at the start of the day and right after lunch. But someone would eventually need more material. He would just quit working let them come in and out then go back to work. The lathe I think wouldn’t get turned off but just sit and spin
Great work, excellent, informative video.
Your intros are so natural!
Sorry for the bad English
my teacher in school describe a micron like this:
when you have shit between your fingers and rub it, and you can not see it anymore, but you can smell it that's a micron.
This was so informative!! Like the awesome Powers of Ten video, but as a practical engineering overview