The 3 Big Pension Mistakes Retirees Make (Real world examples)
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- Опубликовано: 26 май 2024
- Financial Planning
I am a Chartered Wealth Manager and Partner in a financial planning practice based in the UK. If you would like to find out more about our services, please follow this link: go.novawm.com/getintouch
Taking pension benefits when you reach 55 may be the worst financial mistake of your life.
Over the last few months, lots of you have been getting in touch asking for help with your financial planning. Most of you have been making simple mistakes that are easy to fix, but there are some mistakes that I cannot help you with. These are the 3 Big Pension Mistakes that I’ve seen people make, I want you to know about them so you don't fall into the same traps.
DISCLAIMER:
This channel is for education purposes only and does not constitute financial advice - James is not responsible for investment actions taken by viewers. Please seek out a regulated advisor if you require assistance (whilst James is a financial adviser, he does not provide advice through this RUclips Channel, which is not affiliated with his employer).
James Shack™ property of James Shackell
Copyright © James Shackell 2021. All rights reserved.
The author asserts their moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this channel and any video published on it.
0:00 Intro
1:38 Pensions Recap
3:24 Mistake Number 1
6:36 Mistake Number 2
08:18 Mistake Number 3
Pensions are one of the most misunderstood products. What do you think of them, good? Bad? Is there something you think is better?
Terrible. Poor rate of return and enslavement until the day they let you retire.
@@dennisshea9540 The date you can draw is decided by the govt, that is true. But what do you mean by poor rate of return ? A pension should be the highest returning asset you own. If it’s not, then it’s not invested correctly.
@@JamesShack Pension is controlled by the union or pension leads. Historically poor investments. Ask Teachers Funds or States
Hi there James,
I need some serious help with my final salary pension which I can start taking now or transfer out to maybe a flexible draw down pension.
Kind regards,
John Mitchell.
@@dennisshea9540 Here we’re talking about private defined contributions pensions which are almost as flexible as an ISA.
excellent summary again James. I have stopped working and reach 55 next year, so am carefully weighing up the right options
So glad I watched this ! You just probably saved my Family a huge chunk of money. Thank You
I am 54, so you timed it perfectly !
Bless You
James brilliant - thank you! :)
Absolutely brilliant video, James! I'm passing this onto my soon-to-be approaching retirement aged parents now. Thank you!
Great examples and so simply explained.
Hi James, another fantastic video. Really helpful. 😊
Thanks for the clarity between Pensions and ISA's
Nice if you updated this so it reflects 2023 pension changes
First like 👍 Nice to see you are using the timeline bar again.
learned lots from this thanks
Great information.
Have subscribed
Good one James. Just backing away from my pension drawdown.
I did not know the third point - thank you.
Thanks For making the confusing world of pensions much clearer.
Excellent advice
Really pleased this has confirmed my understanding 👍
I'm 55 next month so timely advice, thanks
Excellent video
This video is so informative! Thanks!!! 😃
Really enjoying these videos, thanks for all the advice, I look forward to the next 1.
Thanks for watching!
Thank you James a very clear concise video. have you done or please can you do a video to show any potential pit falls of the NHS pensions?
Really good video. Thank you 😊
Hello James, new viewer here, I stumbled across your channel from a random refresh of the RUclips homepage - enjoyed the video so much I've subscribed and clicked the bell icon for more! I'm so glad to have found you and really looking forward to watching your channel grow.
There for the sub and welcome!
@@JamesShack I wonder whether you can share some knowledge on the pitfalls or benefits of accepting enhanced CETV’s as some pension funds look to de-risk. I recently declined an offer of +25% enhancement because I’m still under 55 and have a deferred DB pension which is guaranteed a minimum 3% or maximum 5% growth each April. Leaving it where it is with other death benefits included felt the right thing to do…for me.
Clear, concise information. Thank you.
Great video James. I wish I had seen it before I started my drawdown this year! But that said I retired at 55 basing my calculations on the 3% rule rather than the 4% much talked about by some, so I am still in a reasonably good position. It is just galling to know I missed out on all that extra tax free cash!
This has proven very useful, thank you. My problem is that I have a UK based private pension but no longer a tax resident, but obviously was when I took the pension out. Through various reason I will opt for the 25% Lump sum and considering draw down for the remainder over the next few years to go directly into my KiwiSaver here .
Nice video. Clearly explained. Thank you. Have just hit the subscribe button.
I've found you just at the right time! or possibly too late you might say..... I'm 58 and husband is soon to be 60 with pensions not available until we are 65 (penalty to take early)
thank you
@James, I've came across your channel few weeks ago and I really like the mix of knowledge and my type of sense of humour in the mix. Well presented too! I've been thinking about transferring my old pension (below 10k) to my current one, with employer contribution in 3%+6% model. Is it a clever thing to do? Or would keeping these separate (the old pot is not being contributed to) is a better move? I appreciate your help!
It should be easy to transfer with nil cost and it keeps your pensions tidy and manageable
@James please explain again… pensions & inheritance tax … I take it this applies on,y to drawdown pensions & not final salary pensions (these are lost at death, unless passed to spouse)
It depends the pension scheme and at what age they would allow to draw out. In NHS scheme, the old scheme would allow to draw at age of 60 whereas the new scheme would allow to draw at state pension age. So, I have drawn one scheme of pension at age of 60 and the other scheme drawn at age 66.
@James Shack once I’ve maxed out my work pension, what’s better for retirement - LISA of SIPP?
Hi James. Very interesting video. Could you make a similar video for Defined Benefit pensions? Thanks!
Cheers Jambosaurus.
A very valid comment was made about retiring when knowingly (or not) you have contributed enough to fund you alternative income from salary to pension. As Jame's implies this is a difficult decision to make as you switch from a salary to pension.
It’s very difficult. It’s a battle of logic and fear!
Hi James wonderful video great insights
Have you any positive testimony I am currently out of work I am 55 I have paid in to a defined pension for 24 years
I can better my future and enrich my pension by becoming more wealthy can you talk about other pensions like ssas and Siipp
Working till I'm 70 no thanks now the government has increased the age because we live longer I would like to renovate small commercial properties and build a small portfolio
Good video. When is the 25% that you can take out tax free calculated from? ( When I reach 55, or when I first start using it, or something else?)
Also, has your advice changed about paying off a mortgage now that interest rates have risen?
Wise words
Absolute quality content. I must admit that I too planned on using my lump sum to pay off my mortgage and put the extra in my ISA. I will definitely rethink my strategy!
Currently my wife and mine projections show we will have potentially 2-3 years of mortgage still to pay at £800 a month on retiring but will have £20K in state pension coming in, plus private pensions so its not an issue but will not be using large lump sums to clear the mortgage , that can be a buffer for us/travel fund with my son in USA and hopefully grandkids to be visiting as well.
Really love these videos. By far the best explanations around retirement planning and pension I've personally found. Are you taking on clients?
Thank you Anx, there’s a link in the description where you can find out more about working with me.
Nicely explained and as always some food for thought. Keep up the good work
Thanks for watching Simon!
You cannot pay much into a pension after your start drawing down, HOWEVER you can still put money into a maxi-Isa - this is the best approach.
Thank you for this video. I'm trying to help my Mum who is close to retirement and this has been eye-opening. Thank you so much
Hey Chris, I’m glad it helped and we’ll do d for helping her out!
Hey James thanks for the amazing content, will you be doing a video on the pros/cons of stocks & shares ISA at any point?
Thanks for watching. If your going to invest, there are very little cons of using an ISA!
Great advice. Thanks.
James agree with everything you have said ..... however when the government looks round to where it can scoop up some extra revenue ... its going to look at the tax free lumps sum at some time. Then the calculations/strategy needs to change.
It will, for sure. But if we spent our time trying to guess what the govt may or may not do, we'll end up standing still and get nothing done. Play the game by the rules as they are.
Wonder what your thoughts are on buying annuities with a pension pot?
very good video. how do you feel but the idea of using ISA money to top up pensions ( not me but a mate asked me about the idea ) to use some of their unused pension allowance. - based on them not needing the money for a while. I think their logic was getting the tax relief on the way in and then that money growing over years / paying tax on way out ( except the 25% ) may be better than simply leaving in the ISA - all I presume assume same / similar portfolio and costs. I have to say I wasn't sure and I'd be interested in your general thoughts thank you
This can be a good idea. Pensions have more tax advantages than ISAs. The only downside is that you can't access it until you're 55. But if you're already past this point, or close to it then it's not a problem.
Thank you James - Pensions can be a real minefield, happy to see your pointers and tips are pretty much inline with my plans.
I get the impression most people thinking of doing a flexible draw down are not aware of the limitations they are putting themselves into. Pension companies should do more to warn people.
Hi, could you do an advice video for expats with a uk pension? There are hundreds of thousands of us who get bombarded with advice or sales pictches about transferring our pensions over.
How would your advice change if near/over the LTA. as taking the lump sum and investing that may be better than leaving it in pension fuelling more growth and tax liability. That would be a good video
Hi James. This is a great channel and your presentation is great! You mentioned that a good time to invest further in to a pension is 55 and over. Can you explain that please? Many thanks!
Because the only downside to a pension is that you can’t access it until 55. But if you can access it immediately, if you need you, the tax benefits are epic.
Was intresting, thou as some one super lucky to be in DB scheme, i dont think taking cash out is an option, thou i would be stupid to try as my DB can not be beat, i am more hoping to be made redundant over the age 53 trigring the clause that lets me start claiming my pension at at 53 i would be far to old to start a new job...
Is there any thing people in local gov DB schemes can do, should do, or should be awar of?
Hi I have 6 pensions nothing major I’m 50 years of age and I really feel I probably won’t live until I’m 65 should I cash all in at 55 and enjoy the money
James just come across your videos. Very useful stuff. Question on taking money out of pension and topping up other pensions.....but can I take that money out of mine and top up my wife's pension, assume she hasn't crystalised her pension at any point?
Are you already over 55? Have you stopped working ?
@@JamesShack 60, not stopped working yet, but considering. Was just wonder when I do and trigger pension (SIPP) can I move excess to Wife's SIPP and get additional 40% contributions to her pot, which we would trigger at a later date. Can't see any rules that would suggest otherwise
@@iaingosling3445 yes it’s possible to do this.
It might be a bit off topic for this video, but you you explain how ETFs take the ongoing fees? And inpartucular how investment product transaction cost can be negtive?
Hi James. Just met your channel, liked the things you’re saying and subbed 👍
The tax on the tax on the tax is the biggest rip off/scandal/robbery/despicable/ atrocious thing I’ve realised. So you either die poor or you accept the fact that the good ol’ government whoever they may be, are gunna give us a good shafting when we get old with the money we’ve saved all our lives 🤔…hmmmm nice!
James do you suggest we see an independent financial adviser with all this kinda stuff as I’m assuming every case is different?
Thanks
Top information, especially the mortgage one.Id thought about paying off my mortgage with limp sum but might think again.
Think the answer to your thought process is to get some good quality advise then get some more if still not sure before it’s too late.
Get everything you say about the benefits of keeping money in pensions for inheritance etc but if you have already taken the tax free sum (for good reasons) and think you may want access to a large sum in the future then taking money out of your pension up to the 40% tax band and sticking it in ISAs is a better plan than the 40% or higher tax rate of a taxable lump sum withdrawal in the future.
Yes that may be the case, especially if you have years with no income tax and can just use your personal allowance. Of course you need to be very sure that this future expense will actually happen before you die!
Otherwise you’ll pay 40% tax anyway (but IHT)!
I'm 55 next year, Is your your advice on using the 25% to pay of the mortgage is still good considering the BOE interest rates atm 5.0% 24/06/2023, I'm going to hit 55 and come out of a 5 year fixed rate mortgage deal at a similar time, my mortgage will then start costing me around £200 a month more (and no sign of the BOE reducing rates any time soon) seems like a no brainer to reduce my mortgage debt, or am I missing something?
Hi James, what are your thoughts on equity release on property? Is it worth factoring into plans or better to keep it as a contingency option in worst case scenarios? What are the drawbacks to using it?
Perviously equity release products have been extremely expensive relative to a normal mortgage.
Recently, several new products have come to the market that are much more competitive but then again interest rates have risen which puts many people off.
Either way, equity release can be very effective in the right situations.
Could offset it by continuing to pay mortgage but into a ISA.
What if you have a series of small pensions that are in a frozen state? Cash them in or what?
Well I have other forms of income , but I will be taking my pension in February at 55 , I am already retired and intend enjoying my retirement to the full, my pension will be worth a lot when I am 75, but definitely not , waiting , going to enjoy my money why I am in good health , helping supporting my children 👍
Question not covered. Assuming you were to retire at 55 with a £300k pot. If you had no other income between 55 and 65 (till other pensions start) wouldn't it make sense to at least withdraw my personal tax allowance of £12500 per year, and not draw anything tax free from the pension (of course that would reduce the tax free allowance i could get as the total left would only be £175k which woild then be left untouched unless needed). This assumes I don't actually need that 12500 for living during the 55-65 but we would re-invest it. Hope that makes sense
How can I access personalised advice like this from yourself
Hi I contacted out for a short time at my workplace because that was the thing to do I did search and found it a while ago and found a small pension but I checked again on the gov portal and its no where to be found? I'm 60 and I'm only just starting to worry
You are always better using a financial advisor. I’ve just retired and the advice and money I saved more than covered his fees.
Fortunately you have an adviser that really cares. Many do not.
Really good video James, I’m way off yet but still good to map out ideas for the future years, just subscribed so I can learn more 😊 thanks
James,
As I am drawing a company pension and also pay into a Sipp at £240 pm which is topped up the government by an additional £60 PM. Can I draw down £75 PM tax free Whilst still contributing to my Sipp?
Good video, thanks. One thing I don’t understand is the 20% government top up. This implies the government pays an additional 20% into your pension pot as well as any income tax relief you get. So in the example given, £80 becomes £100. I’ve looked at my pension pot which shows my salary sacrifice contributions (including my employer’s) but I can’t see any government contributions. Am I missing something?
They HMRC are not going to top up by 20% on your pension contribution thay you haven't paid any tax on. The top up only applies to additional pension contributions that have already been taxed.
Salary sacrifice does not work in that way. It’s only money you have already paid tax on.
@@JamesShack ok thanks that makes sense.
One thing that catches people out is that 20% tax taken off £100 =£20
But
£20 added back to £80 = 25%
What are the pro's and con's of taking the 25% tax free lump sum from a DC scheme and does it make a difference between the considerations for a DB if you go down the SIP or Crystallised route?
James great video. What about building up a pension and just drawing out 12500 every year
There the basics yer. The only reason you would not do that is because you don’t need the money and you want to keep it in for IHT purposes.
@@JamesShack what about his state pension? many will receive close to the personal tax allowance so personal pension will be getting taxed.
Quote of the century, "HMRC are neither generous or stupid" - Brilliant !!!
@George Johnson drawing down gradually over several years, say your personal allowance only each year can be very tax efficient.
And they lie.
Hi James. Do you plan to make a video about safe withdrawal rates in retirement? I am 66 and have retired. I am lucky to have a small final salary pension together with my state pension and a SIPP drawdown account. I would like some insight into how to withdraw the money from the drawdown account.
@James▪️shack ⑤⓪④⑤⑦①⑨④⑦⑨ Thank you for the offer James, but at the moment all I want is information about the current thinking, not specific advice. So,a video like your others would be sufficient.
@@Peter-55 Hi Peter, that was a bot. Please be wary of anyone replying to you asking you to message them.
But yes, my next video is about that.
Thanks for your videos. I Would be interested to hear your views on ethical investments and what to do if you think a stock market crash is around the corner (Shiller PE ratio is higher than in previous crashes).
ruclips.net/video/YRG09ou9q1E/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/JHGQPZ0pG5U/видео.html
Hello, anyone help?. When hmrc consider if you have significantly increased pension contributions, for the purpose of recycling is the assessment against the total of all contributions ( employer +personal) over all pensions(DC and dB) for each of the 5 years (2 before, the tax year possible pcls invested and 2 years after)?
That was great James, many thanks, having just passed the 55 milestone I have been contemplating what to do with that seductive tax-free lump-sum. Think I will just leave it where it is!
I had a £115k pension but took it at 53 due to illness. All they gave me is £14k lump and £200 a month. Can I apply for more at 55
Pension projections are horrifying and I feel I want to take control for myself.
I was a contractor one point and I was paying into a personal pension. The projection suggested I would be better stuffing the money under my mattress it was that bad.
The projections are used by pension providers are extremely conservative. I would ignore these in the most part. If invested correctly you should see much better returns.
@@JamesShack Thanks James! I'm learning investing and looking to make a bit more than facing 20k a year for example in retirement. Failing that, an index fund using an ISA tax wrapper. I am also in the process of buying a bigger house so I can get some enjoyment out of my money and have that trade down contingency if I need it in retirement. I suppose I just want more control over my money and to get some enjoyment out of it too, rather than putting it into a pot. And lets face it, lightning can strike anyone down tomorrow. This may be a risky process but I think you need to stay happy to carry you forward. I still have some employer contributions going in and fingers crossed, some inheritance so the plan is not all risk. That said, the less someone needs to keep them moving forward, the richer they will be (as long as they are making money). No doubt. But at the extreme end these people die without spending most of it. What you need is a balance. Have a life but have a plan too. Do what carries you forward while having that plan in place, aiming at being happy, healthy and wealthy.
Great video as always but I think you have assumed people use more than the 25% lump sum to buy another property, payoff your mortgage or top up an ISA. Is your guidance any difference of you are doing any of these from JUST your 25%?
No, i'm talking about people that use their tax free cash to fund those things. Often it does not make sense.
badly advised by pension company i asked for 25 % to be told only 25 % of the 25 % was tax free so ended up paying an extra £1000 in tax so i will you watching your videos before i make the same mistakes
James, I love you videos, thanks for your time and knowledge. In this one you say that paying into your pension at the age of 55 and over is very beneficial, what % of my salary would you suggest I should be paying?
There is no rule for how much you should put in. You just need to save enough to be able to afford to retired eventually!
Useful, clear and concise information, explained in simple terms for the layman. I really appreciate you doing this. THANK YOU and subscribed.
Glad it was helpful!
Hi James, you mentioned that if you died over 75years of age there is no IHT but the beneficiary would need to pay tax on the lump sum at their marginal rate "...just as you would have been." what if there were still funds that for me would have been part of my 25% tax free portion? Is that taxable for a beneficiary if I die over 75?
Hi James, I agree that inflation erodes the value of your debt, but if your income does not increase in line with the inflation then have you really gained?
Alot of us will get the state pension and like many are well entitled to it seeing as majority have paid taxes through working paying into the state pension tax system and not everyone ended up in extremely well paid jobs alot of us ended up low paid used and tossed aside when contracts dry up
Great video very informative. If you have a mix of defined benefit and defined contribution pensions does the same rule apply to the reduced tax free allowance £40k to £4k e.g. if I took defined benefit pensions at 55 but kept contributing to my defined contribution in to my 60's?
DB pensions don’t trigger this rule.
@@JamesShack Thanks for the reply.
I hear what you’re saying however I’d much prefer to take my 25% and enjoy the money while I can.. life is far too short to be holding out for a later date and not being able to enjoy your money properly when your 60/65 when u could be a lot more frail and house bound does not seem appealing to me.
Detach your income from your happiness
I agree with you buddy not very gets to good health at 80 you might be house bound at 72 and what’s the point of having more money then
No point saving in the first place then, cos a lot of people die in their 20s and 30s.
@@bigboldbicycle that’s a very silly comment. Statistically irrelevant compared to old age.
@James Shack a silly question for you. How would approaching the lifetime allowance of £1,073,100 before the age of 55 affect the strategy of contributing to a DC pension? Would you stop contributing to it?
And then once you have reached the age of 55 and have retired, what is the most tax efficient way of dealing with your pensions if it is over the LTA?
My next video is on this.
@@JamesShack ah so it wasn't a too silly of a question (I hope) then!
Thank you for responding as always and I will be eagerly waiting for the next video to come out!
Another very informative video. Question.....can you transfer from one pension company or fund to another with better return and is there fees? And if so what are the best funds on the market at the moment?
Hi Trevor, yes you can transfer out easily, so long as it’s a defined contribution pension. Typically no or low fees. Which fund is the best is the million dollar question! But index fund based investments typically fair better than actively managed funds.
Tevor, when looking for lower cost with a company, dont just look at their charges. Look at what they offer in full. Some low cost, cut price firms may cause you lots of problems. Do your research well.
Lots of research needed I think. Or professional advice. Or a combination of the two. I've transferred two old pensions into one new SIPP. It was straightforward and no fees in my case, but it might be different for others. As for choosing what to invest in, I can't advise, but what I did was look at the past performance of all the index funds on offer, and used that as a starting point only. Ie, past performance alone should not be the deciding factor. I also looked at the shape of the graph over 10 years, just to see how consistent the growth is. Then lots and lots of googling. But be careful. Just because a lot of sources all point to the same fund, doesn't mean it's good advice. It could just be that one high profile individual said it and thousands of sheep repeated it, so always dig into the reasoning behind any advice, and check the logic behind it.
It also occurs to me that with this video being geared towards citizens of The UK, I. Eli Eve the term ‘State Pension’ that you use is the equivalent of Social Security in the US. Whereas here, my ‘State pension’ is what has been paid into over my years of employment into the New York State Pension Fund, and is a guaranteed fixed amount base on the Average Final Salary (AFS) which is a slightly complicated formula of the best 3 years out of a 5 year span with no year increasing more than 10% of the previous year. ( told you it was slightly complicated, & I’m not even sure that I got it right).
I’m at the point basically where I would almost be working for free if I don’t retire. I would only be working for Overtime Pay. And after 33 years of killing myself doing that… I just can’t justify it anymore.
Example person turning 55 this month has 5 pensions in different amounts. The first one is the large one with a County Council around 28 years or there about. This one pension it seems has a step layer affect in terms of change to the pension with the County Council from Pension changes in 2008 and so on. The lump sum is guaranteed up till 2008 and after that the 25% kicks in from then with the portion taken from earnings from 2008 period. The 4 other pensions it seems are from different providers while changing jobs it seems. Now the advice I gave was along these lines keep the main pension as the large sum before 2008 figure and after that just take it annually. He got the pension 12 years before he would retire when 67 and the amount taken when 67 equals to 81 years of age before the it even out before from the age of 55 years. So in reality he would have the pension 12 years early even with a deduction.
The other pension I suggested to take a 25% lump sum from the second largest leaving the rest. With this and combining the 3 other small pensions he created another pension pot but with benefits and up to 4,000 yearly as a top up. By the time he reached 67 years of age he would have a second pension as well as state pension. Whilst having an early access to county council pension. Reality with state pension and the one taken at 55 years and the second pension created and draw down when 67 would led to a very comfortable retirement.
Some Advice explain the Pension changes from 1997 onwards would help. Upcoming change for people 2027 you have to be 57 before you can access your pension early if you wanted. Each pension pot you can take 25% tax free. The amount for investment if a pension is taken out is 4,000 per year if you wanted to start another pension after and so on.
I’ve got reasonable amount of savings ,allocated for pension,is it a good idea to put into pension pot (currently in savings acc)
56 no mortgage had a personal pension since I was 18 ,self employed and slowly reducing my workload I have savings and very low outgoings .
Was a little confused about my pension but your clear concise information has made me decide just to leave it alone until if I absolutely need to .
Hi Gurt, I would not leave it alone as such, certainly make sure it’s been managed/invested correctly. The default funds that pensions put you into are often not suitable. But you can normally login to your pension portal and make changes.
@@JamesShack thankyou I’ll definitely look into that
😱 It’s a nightmare when you have no pension other than the state pension…..these are wise words you’ve given to everyone. I hope people take note ! Wonderful information 👍🏼
I totally enjoyed watching this - as a financial coach myself, I am quite delighted to learn from you James. You are amazing
financial coach lmao
Big business these days! Especially in the workplace. Employer funded financial education.
Thank you. In just 10 minutes and 21 seconds you've clearly answered a number of questions I've been trying to figure out the answer to for quite some time. Lucky for me I'm not there yet, but it's always nice to know as much as possible before you need the knowledge, because in my experience, if you wait til you actually need to know, that's when costly mistakes happen.
Yes indeed! You can’t plan ahead of you don’t know what the options are in the future !
Agreed, really excellent video! Glad it came up in my recommendations 😃
The problem is that most people leave their contributions in a "lifestyle" option setup by their employer/provider. At 45 I was made redundant, no more contributions into that particular private pension, so I moved the funds into higher risk Tech focused funds. Without any further contributions that fund has grown 6 figures in 5 years, so do some homework, take plenty of advice and invest better.
@@StoodersFam be careful. Read the disclaimer that appears everywhere. Something like past performance isn't an indicator blah blah blah.
I've seen my stocks and shares portfolio ho double digits positive, then double digits negative, then double digits positive again all within the space of a few weeks. We absolutely must not base our retirement plans on a few weeks worth of data.
your video shows pay 'of' mortgage not pay 'off'🤦, at 6.40