I have got my BSc physics with First class in the year 1982after that I did my MA English and BEd worked as physics teacher in private schools .After 39years I could acquire MSc level physics knowledge through NPTEL thanks to prof .HC .Verma who makes physics interesting.Inter national level reputation he has.Also lot of thanks to prof.Ajoy Ghatak.
Question (1): 1.5 MeV of energy is released when one potassium-40 nucleus is transformed by beta decay. If an adult weighing 73 kg has a total activity of 0.015 micro Curies, what fraction of their annual background radiation exposure of 2.4 mSv is due to the decay of potassium-40 in their body, assuming a relative biological efficiency of 1.5 for electrons. ........
Okay first we must remember that we started off by taking the nuclear masses of the X and Y. If we want the nuclear mass, we have to consider M(neutral atom) - (no: of electrons in neutral atom)*(mass of electron) to get the correct nuclear mass. We are infact not considering the number of electrons the atom had during the reaction, but in terms of neutral species.
Z is number of protons.. in beta minus decay.. 1 neutron is converted into proton.. So number of protons is increased by 1 so, it is Z+1.. parent nucleus has Z protons while daughter nucleus has Z+1 protons..
Electron emission is from non-nuclei area and it does not affect the nuclei. Change of electrons in outer structure affects chemically. Protons need not balance for a charge. No of protons remain same.Nuclei never get affected.
Sir Charge is balanced by process of shakeup or shake off process depends upon nuclear decay alpha or beta decay . 1). in alpha decay atom becomes negatively charged charge is balanced by means of shake off process in which some of atomic electrons preferably outer electrons relieved.2). in beta decay atoms becomes positively charged its is balanced by means of shake up process in which atomic takes up electrons from surround so that net charge of the atom is balanced
Electrons are formed from the decay of exchange particles W- ... They are not emitting from outside the nucleus.. beta decay happens to become more stable and balanced.. Daughter nuclei occupy at the lower energy which is more stable than parent nuclei..
Beta emission takes place whenever there are too many neutrons within the unstable nucleus which implies that neutrons are not neutral at all; therefore having too many neutrons can be a threat to the stability of the nucleus. If neutrons are neutral, then having too many of them won't be a problem to the stability of the nucleus. In conclusion, neutrons are not neutral at all. Positron emission takes place because there is an unstable anti-atom that have too many anti-neutrons within its unstable nucleus that the anti-neutron emits out "some" positrons before it itself turning into an anti-proton. Positrons that discovered by Anderson at mountaintop in California with the aid of a cloud chamber under the intense sunlight. The energy level of intense sunlight is considered to be much lower than the energy level within the nucleus. Therefore those positrons must be emitted from the electron-shell rather than emitted from the nucleus. Therefore positrons must be exactly like those electrons within the electron-shell in which they are negatively charged particles. If positrons are positively charged, then constantly they will be kicking from atom to atom expelling by protons within the nucleus. This is not what happening therefore positrons must be negatively charged particles. Positrons have opposite magnetic configuration than the one of electrons because positrons have opposite intrinsic magnetic spin direction than the one of electrons. . .Electron-capture where there is hole on the electron-shell of an unstable atom due to defects on its mosaic of elastic electric field and magnetic field of its nucleus causing some "electrons" nose-dive into the nucleus before being captured by a proton before it transforming to a neutron. Once the changes to its number of nucleons, the mosaic of its elastic magnetic and electric field refreshed itself and subsequently sealed off the hole on the electron-shell to prevent any stationary electrons from nose-dive into the nucleus any further then electron-capture process will cease to take place any further. Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2 is wrong otherwise garbage also can be used to make nuclear bombs as long as it is matter or it has mass. Energy and matter can't interchange one another according to Einstein's famous equation. One must have photons before one can emit out photons. Photons are particles and they have mass. All forms of EMWs including light and heat are dynamic photons per volume per time in different saturations. Neutrinos don't really exist because Einstein's famous equation is wrong. We can't use Einstein's famous equation to calculate the released energy based on its loss mass. Therefore there will not be any loss mass and momentum in beta emission of a radioisotope therefore we don't need to postulate the existence of neutrinos. If you are interested in real discoveries, I would recommend you to read my book, The Unification Theory - Volume One and you will be amazed with lots of new, interesting discoveries. In God I trust.
Why does electron show dual nature particle and wave nature? It is because of electron moves as a particle rectilinear propogation where as photon emitted by electron behaves as wave and propogates.
I have got my BSc physics with First class in the year 1982after that I did my MA English and BEd worked as physics teacher in private schools .After 39years I could acquire MSc level physics knowledge through NPTEL thanks to prof .HC .Verma who makes physics interesting.Inter national level reputation he has.Also lot of thanks to prof.Ajoy Ghatak.
Thanks Professor Verma!
The lecture is really useful!
ASCOL 😂
You make it easy, sir! That was an enjoyable learning experience.
Thank you Sir.. Very useful lecture and your method of teaching is soo good. 👍
love from Pakistan sir H C Verma.
Wow.best explanation....
prabhu ji dhanyawaad....
Question (1): 1.5 MeV of energy is released when one potassium-40 nucleus is transformed by beta decay. If an adult weighing 73 kg has a total activity of 0.015 micro Curies, what fraction of their annual background radiation exposure of 2.4 mSv is due to the decay of potassium-40 in their body, assuming a relative biological efficiency of 1.5 for electrons.
........
thanks sir its very usefull
Due to subtitles it is hard to see what is written
Sir Why (Z+1)me there only Z electrons and 1 electron from beta decay which you already considered so why again consider it in (Z+1)me
yeah same doubt
Okay first we must remember that we started off by taking the nuclear masses of the X and Y. If we want the nuclear mass, we have to consider M(neutral atom) - (no: of electrons in neutral atom)*(mass of electron) to get the correct nuclear mass. We are infact not considering the number of electrons the atom had during the reaction, but in terms of neutral species.
Z is number of protons.. in beta minus decay.. 1 neutron is converted into proton.. So number of protons is increased by 1 so, it is Z+1.. parent nucleus has Z protons while daughter nucleus has Z+1 protons..
Thank you sir
very nice ser
Very nice
thanku sir
sir i have doubt what happened when one electron emitted then nuclei having more proton then for blancing one prodton should also taken out
Electron emission is from non-nuclei area and it does not affect the nuclei. Change of electrons in outer structure affects chemically. Protons need not balance for a charge. No of protons remain same.Nuclei never get affected.
Sir Charge is balanced by process of shakeup or shake off process depends upon nuclear decay alpha or beta decay . 1). in alpha decay atom becomes negatively charged charge is balanced by means of shake off process in which some of atomic electrons preferably outer electrons relieved.2). in beta decay atoms becomes positively charged its is balanced by means of shake up process in which atomic takes up electrons from surround so that net charge of the atom is balanced
Electrons are formed from the decay of exchange particles W- ... They are not emitting from outside the nucleus.. beta decay happens to become more stable and balanced.. Daughter nuclei occupy at the lower energy which is more stable than parent nuclei..
What is the difference between atomic mass and nuclies mass
Atomic mass is the mass of whole atom i.e.,mass of nucleus +mass of electrons ,nucleur mass is the mass of nucleus only
At 15:27
-zme+(z+1)me+me= 2me
Nice sir
Beta emission takes place whenever there are too many neutrons within the unstable nucleus which implies that neutrons are not neutral at all; therefore having too many neutrons can be a threat to the stability of the nucleus. If neutrons are neutral, then having too many of them won't be a problem to the stability of the nucleus. In conclusion, neutrons are not neutral at all. Positron emission takes place because there is an unstable anti-atom that have too many anti-neutrons within its unstable nucleus that the anti-neutron emits out "some" positrons before it itself turning into an anti-proton. Positrons that discovered by Anderson at mountaintop in California with the aid of a cloud chamber under the intense sunlight. The energy level of intense sunlight is considered to be much lower than the energy level within the nucleus. Therefore those positrons must be emitted from the electron-shell rather than emitted from the nucleus. Therefore positrons must be exactly like those electrons within the electron-shell in which they are negatively charged particles. If positrons are positively charged, then constantly they will be kicking from atom to atom expelling by protons within the nucleus. This is not what happening therefore positrons must be negatively charged particles. Positrons have opposite magnetic configuration than the one of electrons because positrons have opposite intrinsic magnetic spin direction than the one of electrons. . .Electron-capture where there is hole on the electron-shell of an unstable atom due to defects on its mosaic of elastic electric field and magnetic field of its nucleus causing some "electrons" nose-dive into the nucleus before being captured by a proton before it transforming to a neutron. Once the changes to its number of nucleons, the mosaic of its elastic magnetic and electric field refreshed itself and subsequently sealed off the hole on the electron-shell to prevent any stationary electrons from nose-dive into the nucleus any further then electron-capture process will cease to take place any further. Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2 is wrong otherwise garbage also can be used to make nuclear bombs as long as it is matter or it has mass. Energy and matter can't interchange one another according to Einstein's famous equation. One must have photons before one can emit out photons. Photons are particles and they have mass. All forms of EMWs including light and heat are dynamic photons per volume per time in different saturations. Neutrinos don't really exist because Einstein's famous equation is wrong. We can't use Einstein's famous equation to calculate the released energy based on its loss mass. Therefore there will not be any loss mass and momentum in beta emission of a radioisotope therefore we don't need to postulate the existence of neutrinos. If you are interested in real discoveries, I would recommend you to read my book, The Unification Theory - Volume One and you will be amazed with lots of new, interesting discoveries. In God I trust.
22:42 someone can tell me which book is in sir verma's hand?
Dunlop
Why does electron show dual nature particle and wave nature? It is because of electron moves as a particle rectilinear propogation where as photon emitted by electron behaves as wave and propogates.
👍👍👍👍👍🙏
For beta+ decay,what should be the difference between mass of parent and daughter nuclei???
it must be equal to 2m(e)c^2=1.022MeV
so bad lecture
😱
You have no such degree and power to evaluate the value of this lecture, such type peoples in india destroy the whole country.
Hate them
very nice ser