Love your content so much guys, I've been watching for 2 years now and I'm still excited for every episode. Keep it up! Could you guys possibly do an episode about some of the most pivotal moments in the war. I remember one of the weekly episodes mentioning 2 pivotal moments, I would be great to see more. Its interesting seeing the big moments that shape our history. Keep up the awesome content guys, you are some of the best on RUclips!
Was urban combat common in ww1, for example the battle of Arras. Was it different than fighting in flat wide spaces, did urban areas provide more clean environments than the trenches, etc. Also were they usually small battles in towns or cities?
Great video! Could you do a little review on the historical accuracy of the new movie, Wonder Woman? Which is set in late WWI, I myself found that the movie just resonated a bit wrong with me.
Indeed they did the Imperial Air Service was established as a separate arm in 1912, like most air services it was seen as a reconnaissance force but evolved into a true fighting force during the war. At the start of the war it was the second largest in the world with 263 machines and 14 airships, the first aircraft shot down by deliberate mid air ramming in 1915 and prior to the Revolution 26 Russian pilots gained "ace" status, the IAS also had the worlds first 4 engine biplane bomber
yes they sent equipments and officer to ottoman empire, equipment is good but this officers makes more casualites because they are not fighting for their empire
What he meant was that there wasn't much coheasive power between foreign officers and ottoman soldiers. It is a fact that those officers regarded ottoman troops lives not as they did to their countries. So they could make moves that would risk ottoman lives. He meant. I guess.
How sickening that the ones who naively led those under their "watchful" eyes to oblivion and ultimately eternal pain and anguish should be made at home even in their capture. Despicable, they are as a vampire bat draining lifeblood of their quarry whilst simultaneously sending them to slaughter. Such a truer betrayal of Virtue, value and common decency which evidently is shown barely to fall under such a term.
Were there any small scaled battles that were more effective than large scaled battles? If there were, could you name a few and compare their effectiveness to failed large battles with the same objective? love from Israel
If Sweden would have won the great Nordic war and therefor becoming a powerhouse of europe and joined the other great war, what side would they be fighting on. And what would there standard issuse rifle?
Williams kanal Sweden's still a pretty small nation. I mean today they've only got a population of 10 million. I doubt they'd actually be much of a threat to anyone
LincolnXStrider That is true but if Sweden had won the great Nordic war they would be the owners of Finland and parts of Germany. Sweden would have much bigger population in that case.
Williams kanal Well I mean even if that were the case, Finland's also got a smaller population than Sweden too, they're combined might will still be nothing compared to a Germany that lacks some parts of its former country
LincolnXStrider If Sweden where victorious in the great Nordic war they would also have conquerde Norway. Swedens population in 1915 was 571240 and Norway and Finland had about 10000 less inhabitants. And Sweden also had and still have great iron supplies and borders with both Russia and Germany.
a fast battleship was a relatively small battleship that gave up some armour and gun size in order to gain speed, they still had great armour, but it was less than larger battleships
Most dreadnought-type battleships had a top speed of 21 knots. Battle cruisers, which looked a lot like battleships, sacrificed armor to gain a speed advantage of 4 to 10 knots, but had a tendency to explode under enemy fire. Fast battleships, as such, din't come into existence until the 1930's, when high-power, low-weight machinery made it possible to have armor AND speed. The US Iowa class are probably the ultimate example of a 'fast battleship'.
Hey guys, I recently saw pictures of soldiers from the war kissing and being intimate with each other. I was wondering if you could talk about this and other lgbt sources from the war. Maybe on OOTT? Much love from California
Yep. They probably felt some sort of kinship with them. While the Ottoman's and Austrian's didn't because they had been traditional enemies in the past.
Ottoman Troops were really awesome and brave, they helped defeat Romania and hold back Russian attacks, I actually already knew about this from some of my ww1 books.
A question for out of the trenches: What was the format of a typical skirmish or battle on the eastern front, was it similar to the western front battles? We hear often it was more mobile, but in what way?
Part of what made the Western Front the unending war of trenches that it became was geography; a line running from the Channel to Switzerland is only around 750 kilometers long, and seeing as how a single division occupied an average of around 4-10 kilometers in length, and how both sides had more than 100 divisions on the Western Front, there simply was no room to maneuver and so the war became a grinding one of trying to punch through the front of the enemy's trench lines. Not so the Eastern Front. There, distances were so large that even though the number of troops were enormous, there was not enough men to continually man a line running from the Baltic to the Adriatic. So, the point of a successful battle was concentration, or the brining together in one place units that were usually spread out to man the line, and to do so quicker than the opponent, and hopefully without him knowing exactly what you're up to. What this would look like is a series of ever larger groups of soldiers moving towards a general area, fighting a battle, and then dispersing again to eat, refit and march again. The typical unit of battle in the East - like on the Western Front - was the Division, typically around 10-12,000 men and consisting not only of infantry (who were the majority) but also artillery, cavalry maybe, machine guns, and supply troops. These were then divided up into Brigades (3-5,000 men), who were in turn made up of Regiments (1-2,000 men), which consisted of Battalions (500-1,000 men), which were made up of Companies (100-300 men), down on to the smallest units of Platoon (20-60 men) and squad (~10 men). A division on the move would be moving because they were headed to a fight, and that fight would largely take place on territory that was important for future fighting, such as hills, towns where road junctions were, river crossings and railroad terminals. As the divisions moved, they sent out scouts to find the enemy, and prevent the enemy from finding them. The furthest scouts were cavalry - and as the war went out motorized troops - who would seek out and report on the columns of enemy divisions, brigades and so on headed towards the vital ground to be fought over. These troops were not equipped for heavy combat, but did have rifles, light artillery and machine guns to attack enemy scouts and defend themselves if they ran into the main enemy force; a skirmish would look like the two enemy scout forces jockeying for position to scout their opponents, and using the road network, hills and village church steeples to do so. As the commanders began to get an idea of where the enemy was, they began to deploy their infantry to fight, by moving them from moving columns of march into battle lines. Divisions are too large for one man to control directly in the confusion of battle, so combat was done at the Regimental or Battalion level (around 1-5,000 men) with reserves in place to rotate men as they became casualties, became exhausted or ran out of supplies. So, the experience of battle on the Eastern Front was one of being a moving part in a long uniformed ribbon of men and artillery, marching along (usually muddy) roads, towards some place you've never heard of, alongside your friends in your platoon and company, as part of a much larger force. You'd know a battle was imminent when the artillery stopped and set up, the cavalry was sent forwards and you marched off the roads and into the woods to form a battle line - not shoulder to shoulder like in the Napoleonic War, but spread out by platoon with some squads sent forward as close scouts. Battle would be as a part of your battalion or regiment, 1,000 of you vs what seemed like the entire enemy army, though in reality it was only an enemy battalion same as you. Most casualties were caused by the artillery which was so far behind your lines you could rarely see them, just hear them as their shells went over. Either your won and advanced or lost your little fight and fell back to reform, then went and fought another enemy battalion, and multiply this a dozen times and that was the battle for a division, and multiply THAT a dozen times and these are the great battles that this channel talks about. These weeks long fights were for the average infantryman just one more time that his battalion had to fight through some woods for some road junction at the end of yet more muddy roads, before being rotated out for a few days to refit, then back in for more fighting before the battle ended and he marched away to the next one.
Ottoman empire was dying for 100 years before WW1. The lack off good leadership and pursue of military advancement and industrialisation is what really killed of one of the most feared and longest empire in history.
Since Ottoman Empire was a multi-national state and non-muslims had their religious rights etc. secured by the decrees from the government, how many non-muslims like Sarkis Torossian served in Ottoman Army during the war.
Hey Indy, I was wondering about suicide bombing during the great war. Did anyone take there own life in order to secure a position or an objective ala Kamikaze or such as sappers who couldn't get far enough away but still had to detonate the payload. I love your passion for history and you inspire me to absorb as much historical content as I can, keep up the great work!
Hi Indy. As someone from Turkey (and a huge military history buff esp. about WWII though) I would like to thank you for this clip of yours about Ottoman forces in Europe in The Great War. They are almost forgotten. And also about transportation and industrial backwardness of Ottoman State. Thanks man. Keep up good work.I am eagerly waiting your video about debut of Edmund Allenby in Palastine , Third Battle of Gaza , and defeat of Ottoman Lightening Army....
Hey Indy, have you read Ernest Hemingway's "A Farewell to Arms"?, I am aware it is fiction however I was wondering how accurate is Hemingway's depiction of the Italian front?
Hemingway fought on that front, so I'd say the depiction was pretty accurate. Hemingway's communist bias did not show as much back then, as it did later when he wrote "For Whom the Bell Tolls".
@@poiuyt975 Hemingway was a volunteer for the red cross he didn't fight. Still incredibly dangerous but a different job. He mostly drove ambulances if i recall correctly.
8:04 I think that I know one of those 12.000 deserters. My grandmother's father was one of them. As he told the my father : He was injured by enemy soldiers,so he turned back from the lines. As he said ,while retreating ,he shot down a wild boar from it's eye which is attacking on him in a dark night. He shot it with his last bullet .He was thinking that it was the enemy until he woke up at morning and saw it. After this,he went to a town nearby and got aid for his injuries.
Also you forgot to mention, Arabs, except the ones in Jerusalem, fought againts Ottoman Empire while Turks were expcting them to fight against The UK. They gathered all fruits from trees, removed supply lines (railways) and left Turkish soliders to death out of starvation.
did the waring nations station troops everwere along the front lines or were there any place of the fronts completley undeffended? sorry for bad english
please talk about the jewish soldiers in WW1. i always thought it would be interesting to talk about especially the ones in the german army who would later face death. love the show carry on what your doing
They have covered it here and there throughout many of their episodes. i recall them mentioning jewish recruitment once the initial manpower started running low in 1914-15.
Age Co. yes but the kaiser did insist on not bombing London for a while becuase he did want to hurt his over cousin George I mean it says that on this show
Indy, Can you talk about the colonies of the various empires in the Far East such as Singapore, Malaya, French Indochina, Hong Kong and the Philippines etc.
In regards to Naval Strategy all modern navies revolved around the Mahan theory introduced in Alfred Thayer Mahan's book "The Influence of Sea Power upon History". Mahan stated that countries that control the sea control the trade and expansion of empires. He points to the success of the Spanish fleet in its empire and the later the British Fleet. To secure the sea, Mahan calls for large capital ships which would decimate any foe in a battle and secure victory against the enemy fleet. This is why every navy pushed for more and more battleships, dreadnoughts , and later super dreadnoughts. This theory was given a lot of credit after the American victory at Manila Bay and Santiago where the overwhelming American fleet decimated the Spanish with minor damages. Thus, leading up to the Great War every nation sought to create a powerful navy capable of delivering the decisive naval blow to the enemy. The battle of Jutland is the culmination of this buildup and proved that the dreadnoughts ruled the sea since the Germans never tried to attack the British again in a large battle. After The Great War, the five power naval treaty limited the amount of battleships that a country could have (similar to modern nuclear treaties). This lead to the creation of heavy cruisers which were a loophole in the treaty as they filled the role of heavy hitting ships to deliver the decisive blow in place of battleships. This is why at the start of WWII heavy cruisers served as the flagship of many task forces. It is also why the Japanese focused on the U.S. battleships instead of the carriers because everyone still believed in the Mahan theory. In total, the Great War negatively affected naval stragtey for the future. Since the battle of Jutland was the only major engagement of the war, it reinforced the belief in Mahan theory which would be proven wrong by the use of carriers in the future. As a final note, Admirals were so stuck in Mahan theory that even after Billy Mitchell sunk the German dreadnought Ostfriesland with bombers in 1921 they still sought super dreadnoughts as the future of the Navy.
Question for out of the trenches: Where did Italy get all of the money and equipment in order to build a modern army? The country at the time was still a developing nation and to my knowledge didn't have a large industrial strength compared to other countries. Thank you Indie and Flo. May the Hotzendorf be in your favor.
Здравствуйте from St. Petersburg, Russia! I love listening to the weekly news from the war, particularly about thr Tsar and situation in Russia because it was largely left out in most WWI material I've been exposed to, and walking the streets of Petersburg knowing about the context of the turmoil 100 years ago is deeply humbling. Somewhat related to that note u have (a) question(s) and it would be cool to see it answered on Out of the Trenches: what was life generally like for citizens in occupied territory, particularly on the Eastern front given that so much territory was occupied? Did daily life basically just continue on? Were the burdens the state demanded lifted under occupation because the people couldn't be reached, or did the occupier also demand contributions to their war-effort? Did the occupiers rely on local policing institutions or set up some kind of martial law court system? I apologize for such a long comment and so many questions. Love the channel and keep up the good work!
Question for Out of The Trenches: Was there any possibility of an invasion of England via Zeppelin? At the beginning of the war, Zeppelins were nearly impossible to bring down, and had a long range, and would be able to "jump" the British blockade. Although I do not know how many soldiers or how much equipment they could carry. Was this considered by the German High Command?
I'm not Indy but in case you're genuinly looking for an answer here I'm gonna go ahead and say no. Apparently the highest payload for contemporary zeppelins was 3 to 4 tonnes (R-class from 1916). That's maybe 30 to 40 soldiers with personal equipment not including any sort of artillery or other heavy equipment. At the end of 1914 Germany had around 20 zeppelins (with even lower payload) and maybe double that at the end of 1915. So you're already looking at a tiny amount of troops (maybe 1000ish) that you could ferry over in one go with the entire zeppelin fleet combined and incredible effort necessary to bring that number up to anything even remotely able to make an impact. Plus, in general, you can't feasibly conduct a sizeable invasion with exclusively airbourne troops. Sooner rather than later you're gonna need a port and ships to ferry over troops, supplies and equipment if you want to maintain a decent fighting force. With the Royal Navy controlling the Channel that's not going to happen. (all numbers rough estimates but certainly in the correct order of magnitude)
I have a question for out of the Trenches. What happened to the Island of Rodi. I know it had been under Italian control since 1912 but what occurred due to its close proximity to The Ottoman Empire?
Hi, love your chow, I have a question, do you think that one of the causes of the Great War was that the Von Habsbourg family want to stop they declining prestige and stronger the dinasty authority in the Austro-Hungarian Empire? Because a victory against Serbia mean that the Emperor can defend the Empire and have the ability to defend the family power.(Sorry for bad English not my native language)
How many sailors in the respective navies could swim? As everytime a ship sinks many, many souls are lost to drowning. Is that due to the fact those sailors could not swim or is "drowning" a broad term to define any sailor killed? Thanks for the great stuff Indy and crew, cant wait till the end of the series this Christmas if the war keeps up!
Astro Doto try swimming in between oil and fuel on fire (if you didn't abandon ship wounded if you managed to abandon ship at all). Also remember you get hypothermia after a while in the water.
I am aware it was difficult to swim but the term drown doesn't seem to be coupled with anything else ie when a ship sinks indie says 600 sailors drowned but none are said to have been shot etc, thats why i am wondering if its just a broad term
The big gun ships played an important role in the war. For instance, contrary to modern civilian belief, a "Fleet in Being" is an offensive, not defensive, strategy. The existence of the German fleet limited (though not enough) the Allied maritime ability and options. The High Seas Fleet prevented the British from using some 32 Big Gun Ships and hundreds of their secondaries and support ships from crushing the German coastal cities, destroying the u-boat fleet, etc. There is much written on this subject from contemporary sources. Sir Julian Stafford Corbett "Some Principles of Maritime Strategy (1911)" discuss the Fleet in Being. After the war, Air Colbert wrote several VOLUMES on the naval history of WWI. These are all available for FREE at www.archives.org Viewers have FREE access the British Rotal Navy's "Naval Review" archives at www.naval-review.com/ . They can find articles covering the events as they happened (relatively speaking, of course). The US Naval Institute has an archive of their "Proceedings" magazine available to subscribers. NB: USNI has quite a selection of WWI books available as well www.usni.org/store/books/wwi.
Interestingly, there is a prophecy by the Ukrainian Wernyhora that Poland will be reborn when Turkish horses drink from the Vistula. And indeed, the re-founding of Poland coincides with the deployment of Ottoman troops in Galicia.
Regret that I cannot recall the source, but.... The whole Ottoman Empire had just one modern medical school, operated by the army. The class of 1914 was 185 doctors. By 1918, not a single one was alive, unless they had deserted and created a new identity. I don't know that the last happened, just theorizing.
hey Indy could you talk more about the Newfoundland regiment during the war. i am from Newfoundland and have been learning all about them for the past two years. keep up the great work.
There is a story of de Gaulle (the later General of WW2 and president of France) that he wouldn't give his word of honour not to flee German captivity and therefore was one of the few officers who was held in a prison.
Hi, First I want so say that i really enjoy your videos. The information you give us is true and highly detailed. And I have to ask something of you. I know that you have already made some videos regarding serbia but i can't remember if you ever mentioned the battle of the Kolubara river. I would love to hear your thoughts on the battle and on Serbian Field Marshal Zivojin Misic
one I ain't no kid, two he reviewed bf1 and Verdun so I don't see the harm on reviewing the DLC for battlefield 1 plus I would like to hear what he has to say about it like how historical accurate it is. I understand that his channel isn't a gaming channel
Not necessarily. My recommendations for this one had 17 other Great War videos (most of which I've not viewed yet.) plus three other war history videos. (And that's what's usually there when I watch a Great War video.) Usually my recommendations for any video are directly related to what I've recently watched.
comet1970 the children videos aren't always there for me, too. Sometimes they are sometimes not, that is what is so puzzling for me. other channels I had them with were Forgotten Weapons and C&Rsenal, they also both list their videos as educational like TGW. on the other side I never had these recommendations on other educational channels like SciShow or Veratasium. So RUclipss algorithm is just weird.
Hi sir im a big fan of you and ww1 so can you tell us algeria and other african colonies in ww1 and how algerian soldier participated in battle of Verdun
a question for out of the trenches were bayonets attached to rifles useful? I see the utility of a bayonet on a musket, but I don't see it on a rifle equipped with a magazine. the mp18 didn't even have a bayonet attachment. stormtroopers didn't use bayonets, but shovels. arditi used bayonet-alike knives, but they were not attached to rifles. I don't need you to make a video about it, but I woukd like to know the answer.
Praise the Moon - C&rsenal channel has talked a little bit about this on some of the First World War rifles they have studied. The general answer I can give you is that on open land the bayonet can be effective, but in the trenches not so much. By far the best bayonets are those that could be used separately as a knife. From my own experience in the U.S. Army, bayonet fighting tactics were best if coupled with the use of the rifle butt as part of the attack.
Everybody knows WW1 ended participant countries realized they all have a shared love for magnificent mustaches. Great vid as always. Greetings from Turkey.
Hey Indie, Love the show! My dad and I are going to travel to the Balkans and Bulgaria, which museums or battlegrounds would you recommend visiting? Keep up the great work!
A question for Out of the Trenches: What can you tell about the Finnish volunteers serving as German Jaegars: what kind of role they had and did they participate in larger battles? I know that they weren't many, and might not have been very influential, but after their return to Finland they were crucial during the civil war, and perhaps prevented Finland from becoming a communist nation after Russian revolution.
Catapults in World War I. I have a book on the history of siege warfare that shows drawings of grenade launching catapults used during the war. What do you know of catapults in the great war?
"The beginning of the end for the dominance of big ships?" Then why was there a naval arms race after WW1, despite the post-war recession, which actually resulted in the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty that specifically limited the deployment of capital ships?:
hello Indy and the crew. I have a question for Out of the Trenches, a few months ago i saw the history movie Sarajevo. it became clear that the assassination was a sort of an inside job, because the route the archduke used wasn't secret also the route was under-guarded and they drove through a neighbourhood that was dangerous because of the nationalistic serbians who lived there, it was like they were asking to get attacked. my question is if it is true that the military highcommand of Austro-Hungary wanted to let their archduke get killed so they could start a war. Keep up the good work!
Guys also one should take into account the population of the powers that are participating ww1. So here are some figures UK : 46millions France : 42millions Russia : 125millions Germany : 67millions Austria-Hungary : 52millions Ottoman Emp : 18,5millions... And US : 99millions So in addition to all the poor logistics and etc, manpower was also lacking in Ottoman Empire
+The Great War OUT OF THE TRENCHES Several of the British commander during the war were enoble (eg. Dougles Haig, 1st Earl Haig and John French, 1st Earl of Ypres), why dont you use their title? Love the show, hope to see you at Stow Maries Aerodrome
According to Daniel Yergin's the Prize, the switch from coal to oil added to the speed of the British vessels which helped them gain naval superiority as well. However this is not mentioned in the video, was this because the change took place before WW1? Or is mr. Yergin just a bit too enthusiastic in describing the benefits of petroleum? I always assumed it was a significant change in naval warfare but I'm not a historian so you'd need to tell me.
why are there more individual accounts in ww2 than ww1? I mean company level downward. There are stories about Easy Company and others but none that I've found in ww1.
What do you think about sabaton,not about melody and how it sounds but about idea to sing about history* [for out of the trenches] *their song list involving Pashendele(price of the mile),lost battalion in Argonne(lost battalion) and routine in trench warfare(angels calling)
you don't really see a change in ship tactics until well into WW2-they hadn't 'failed' so there was no thought to an carriers were seen as scots more than nayhting. It was only after the british attack on Toranto in WW2 did people realize that Carriers were more than just scouts. The japanese attacked pearl Harbor but it was Nimitz, in 1942. having really only got carriers left to fight the japanese with who essentially created a doctrine that surplanted the battle ship. He had nothing left so he went with what he had and the result was that the battleship never retook it's place, but that's for another show.
For 1 million subs, you should dress up as Conrad Von hötzendorf or Enver Pasha xD
EDIT: thx for 100 likes 🙂
The numbers mason what do they Mean?! Love to like to see that!
The numbers mason what do they Mean?! No August von Mackensen!!
Evan Toledo archduke franz Ferdinand xD
The numbers mason what do they ! kaiser wilhelm the 2nd
Halo mannen Kaiser Wilhelm*
I love it when you guys give info about Ottomans :)
Love your content so much guys, I've been watching for 2 years now and I'm still excited for every episode. Keep it up! Could you guys possibly do an episode about some of the most pivotal moments in the war. I remember one of the weekly episodes mentioning 2 pivotal moments, I would be great to see more. Its interesting seeing the big moments that shape our history. Keep up the awesome content guys, you are some of the best on RUclips!
WAIT WAIT WAIT one second "Neo. Torchwick"?
You RWBY NERD!
I Saw A Bear I was wondering if anyone else caught that
where is snake?
Flo asking the tough questions 😊
I hope you give lectures at universities somewhere. So interesting.
Was urban combat common in ww1, for example the battle of Arras. Was it different than fighting in flat wide spaces, did urban areas provide more clean environments than the trenches, etc. Also were they usually small battles in towns or cities?
QUESTION: how much of a role did the judgement troopers play in the First World War
A Question, do you think Europe would be worst if WW1 never happened, for example, many Empires would be still alive.
Hey Indy! What would have happened if Denmark and Norway join on the allies side?
Where can I learn more about the Ottoman storm troopers?
Great video! Could you do a little review on the historical accuracy of the new movie, Wonder Woman? Which is set in late WWI, I myself found that the movie just resonated a bit wrong with me.
hey Indy can you answer me this did the Russians have an air force if so was it effective keep it up I'm loving it
Indeed they did the Imperial Air Service was established as a separate arm in 1912, like most air services it was seen as a reconnaissance force but evolved into a true fighting force during the war. At the start of the war it was the second largest in the world with 263 machines and 14 airships, the first aircraft shot down by deliberate mid air ramming in 1915 and prior to the Revolution 26 Russian pilots gained "ace" status, the IAS also had the worlds first 4 engine biplane bomber
Didn't German and Austro-Hungarian Empire sent troops and equipment to assist the Ottoman War Effort against the British Empire?
Dimas 935 yes things improved somewhat when the rail line through the Balkans was open.
yes they sent equipments and officer to ottoman empire, equipment is good but this officers makes more casualites because they are not fighting for their empire
Metin Can Wait,what?How can the officers cause more casualties?
scrooge1374 They must have still to deal with potential threats,I doubt the enemy would allow them to regroup and resupplied,right?
What he meant was that there wasn't much coheasive power between foreign officers and ottoman soldiers. It is a fact that those officers regarded ottoman troops lives not as they did to their countries. So they could make moves that would risk ottoman lives. He meant. I guess.
How sickening that the ones who naively led those under their "watchful" eyes to oblivion and ultimately eternal pain and anguish should be made at home even in their capture.
Despicable, they are as a vampire bat draining lifeblood of their quarry whilst simultaneously sending them to slaughter.
Such a truer betrayal of Virtue, value and common decency which evidently is shown barely to fall under such a term.
did any soldiers fight in both ww1 and ww2
Were there any small scaled battles that were more effective than large scaled battles? If there were, could you name a few and compare their effectiveness to failed large battles with the same objective? love from Israel
If Sweden would have won the great Nordic war and therefor becoming a powerhouse of europe and joined the other great war, what side would they be fighting on. And what would there standard issuse rifle?
Williams kanal Sweden's still a pretty small nation. I mean today they've only got a population of 10 million. I doubt they'd actually be much of a threat to anyone
LincolnXStrider That is true but if Sweden had won the great Nordic war they would be the owners of Finland and parts of Germany. Sweden would have much bigger population in that case.
Williams kanal Well I mean even if that were the case, Finland's also got a smaller population than Sweden too, they're combined might will still be nothing compared to a Germany that lacks some parts of its former country
LincolnXStrider If Sweden where victorious in the great Nordic war they would also have conquerde Norway. Swedens population in 1915 was 571240 and Norway and Finland had about 10000 less inhabitants. And Sweden also had and still have great iron supplies and borders with both Russia and Germany.
The history would have been different in that case so it's difficult to say what history had been with those kind of butterfly effects.
H-TOWN!!
What part of Houston are you from?
What is a fast battleship?
Ben Quinney A Battleship that goes fast.
a fast battleship was a relatively small battleship that gave up some armour and gun size in order to gain speed, they still had great armour, but it was less than larger battleships
Most dreadnought-type battleships had a top speed of 21 knots. Battle cruisers, which looked a lot like battleships, sacrificed armor to gain a speed advantage of 4 to 10 knots, but had a tendency to explode under enemy fire. Fast battleships, as such, din't come into existence until the 1930's, when high-power, low-weight machinery made it possible to have armor AND speed. The US Iowa class are probably the ultimate example of a 'fast battleship'.
Hey guys, I recently saw pictures of soldiers from the war kissing and being intimate with each other. I was wondering if you could talk about this and other lgbt sources from the war. Maybe on OOTT? Much love from California
Boy, not trusting officers. The upper class!
.
Turks and Germans were a good team.. the Austrians on the other hand...holy
Yep. They probably felt some sort of kinship with them. While the Ottoman's and Austrian's didn't because they had been traditional enemies in the past.
@@brokenbridge6316 brothers in arms
@@shahsoftinc.2459---Pardon.
@@brokenbridge6316 Germans and turks
@@shahsoftinc.2459---Oh yeah. Thanks for clarifying.
The Ottomans were a semi-agricultural state that fought an industrialized war. That they did as well as they did was pretty impressive imo.
Very, very true.
Ottoman Troops were really awesome and brave, they helped defeat Romania and hold back Russian attacks, I actually already knew about this from some of my ww1 books.
The Russians alone would of defeated the Turks without the German Weapons and leadership
The Bulgarians were also amazing, with german weapons, They wiped Serbia and Romania out and held the Macedonia front for such a long time.
so true, they then fought together in Romania
no, your being biased
Razvan they helped a lot in the Romanian campaign, so get your facts straight.
Flo is my spirit animal.
Same here
What a cool dude.
What a cool name.
Flo.
Derick Gabrillo - I agree, Flo is quite cool.
agreed
i think we could all benefit from having a pet Flo running around in our houses.
truly a boon to any modern household.
A question for out of the trenches: What was the format of a typical skirmish or battle on the eastern front, was it similar to the western front battles? We hear often it was more mobile, but in what way?
Both sides didn't have the manpower to man all the trenches adequately on the eastern front so local breakthroughs were possible from time to time.
Part of what made the Western Front the unending war of trenches that it became was geography; a line running from the Channel to Switzerland is only around 750 kilometers long, and seeing as how a single division occupied an average of around 4-10 kilometers in length, and how both sides had more than 100 divisions on the Western Front, there simply was no room to maneuver and so the war became a grinding one of trying to punch through the front of the enemy's trench lines.
Not so the Eastern Front. There, distances were so large that even though the number of troops were enormous, there was not enough men to continually man a line running from the Baltic to the Adriatic. So, the point of a successful battle was concentration, or the brining together in one place units that were usually spread out to man the line, and to do so quicker than the opponent, and hopefully without him knowing exactly what you're up to.
What this would look like is a series of ever larger groups of soldiers moving towards a general area, fighting a battle, and then dispersing again to eat, refit and march again. The typical unit of battle in the East - like on the Western Front - was the Division, typically around 10-12,000 men and consisting not only of infantry (who were the majority) but also artillery, cavalry maybe, machine guns, and supply troops. These were then divided up into Brigades (3-5,000 men), who were in turn made up of Regiments (1-2,000 men), which consisted of Battalions (500-1,000 men), which were made up of Companies (100-300 men), down on to the smallest units of Platoon (20-60 men) and squad (~10 men).
A division on the move would be moving because they were headed to a fight, and that fight would largely take place on territory that was important for future fighting, such as hills, towns where road junctions were, river crossings and railroad terminals. As the divisions moved, they sent out scouts to find the enemy, and prevent the enemy from finding them. The furthest scouts were cavalry - and as the war went out motorized troops - who would seek out and report on the columns of enemy divisions, brigades and so on headed towards the vital ground to be fought over. These troops were not equipped for heavy combat, but did have rifles, light artillery and machine guns to attack enemy scouts and defend themselves if they ran into the main enemy force; a skirmish would look like the two enemy scout forces jockeying for position to scout their opponents, and using the road network, hills and village church steeples to do so.
As the commanders began to get an idea of where the enemy was, they began to deploy their infantry to fight, by moving them from moving columns of march into battle lines. Divisions are too large for one man to control directly in the confusion of battle, so combat was done at the Regimental or Battalion level (around 1-5,000 men) with reserves in place to rotate men as they became casualties, became exhausted or ran out of supplies.
So, the experience of battle on the Eastern Front was one of being a moving part in a long uniformed ribbon of men and artillery, marching along (usually muddy) roads, towards some place you've never heard of, alongside your friends in your platoon and company, as part of a much larger force. You'd know a battle was imminent when the artillery stopped and set up, the cavalry was sent forwards and you marched off the roads and into the woods to form a battle line - not shoulder to shoulder like in the Napoleonic War, but spread out by platoon with some squads sent forward as close scouts. Battle would be as a part of your battalion or regiment, 1,000 of you vs what seemed like the entire enemy army, though in reality it was only an enemy battalion same as you. Most casualties were caused by the artillery which was so far behind your lines you could rarely see them, just hear them as their shells went over. Either your won and advanced or lost your little fight and fell back to reform, then went and fought another enemy battalion, and multiply this a dozen times and that was the battle for a division, and multiply THAT a dozen times and these are the great battles that this channel talks about. These weeks long fights were for the average infantryman just one more time that his battalion had to fight through some woods for some road junction at the end of yet more muddy roads, before being rotated out for a few days to refit, then back in for more fighting before the battle ended and he marched away to the next one.
Cory Hall interesting.
Ottoman empire was dying for 100 years before WW1. The lack off good leadership and pursue of military advancement and industrialisation is what really killed of one of the most feared and longest empire in history.
Since Ottoman Empire was a multi-national state and non-muslims had their religious rights etc. secured by the decrees from the government, how many non-muslims like Sarkis Torossian served in Ottoman Army during the war.
a very interesting question
great question, not sure we will be able to answer it, but we will try.
Hey Indy, I was wondering about suicide bombing during the great war. Did anyone take there own life in order to secure a position or an objective ala Kamikaze or such as sappers who couldn't get far enough away but still had to detonate the payload. I love your passion for history and you inspire me to absorb as much historical content as I can, keep up the great work!
Hi Indy. As someone from Turkey (and a huge military history buff esp. about WWII though) I would like to thank you for this clip of yours about Ottoman forces in Europe in The Great War. They are almost forgotten. And also about transportation and industrial backwardness of Ottoman State. Thanks man. Keep up good work.I am eagerly waiting your video about debut of Edmund Allenby in Palastine , Third Battle of Gaza , and defeat of Ottoman Lightening Army....
Hey Indy, have you read Ernest Hemingway's "A Farewell to Arms"?, I am aware it is fiction however I was wondering how accurate is Hemingway's depiction of the Italian front?
Hemingway fought on that front, so I'd say the depiction was pretty accurate. Hemingway's communist bias did not show as much back then, as it did later when he wrote "For Whom the Bell Tolls".
@@poiuyt975 Hemingway was a volunteer for the red cross he didn't fight. Still incredibly dangerous but a different job. He mostly drove ambulances if i recall correctly.
8:04 I think that I know one of those 12.000 deserters. My grandmother's father was one of them. As he told the my father : He was injured by enemy soldiers,so he turned back from the lines. As he said ,while retreating ,he shot down a wild boar from it's eye which is attacking on him in a dark night. He shot it with his last bullet .He was thinking that it was the enemy until he woke up at morning and saw it. After this,he went to a town nearby and got aid for his injuries.
Vay be
Has anything happened on the Caucasus front recently? You don't mention it much, has it become quieter?
I got a question, how often was suicide in the trenches?
Mcsnowman McGee Every attack was a suicide !
Also you forgot to mention, Arabs, except the ones in Jerusalem, fought againts Ottoman Empire while Turks were expcting them to fight against The UK. They gathered all fruits from trees, removed supply lines (railways) and left Turkish soliders to death out of starvation.
Can you please talk about the French Foreign Legion?
Got beat up in north Africa
did the waring nations station troops everwere along the front lines or were there any place of the fronts completley undeffended? sorry for bad english
please talk about the jewish soldiers in WW1. i always thought it would be interesting to talk about especially the ones in the german army who would later face death. love the show carry on what your doing
They have covered it here and there throughout many of their episodes. i recall them mentioning jewish recruitment once the initial manpower started running low in 1914-15.
They said at the end of an out of a trenches episode that there will be a special, the episode had the question about Jewish soldier in ww1
Gabriel Fisher I think until the death of Hindenburg jewish veteransoilders were protected by him.
/Pol/ won't like that.
Hume Spike
thats right
did the kaiser have a say in sending Lenin to Russia becuase surely he would have known his cousin might die
Steve Kaczynski regardless it would have put his cousin in danger
George Lewis It was total war
Age Co. yes but the kaiser did insist on not bombing London for a while becuase he did want to hurt his over cousin George I mean it says that on this show
while bombing is much more of a direct threat then sending a political radical.
Age Co. but the radical could start a civil war like he did instead with bombs you can just move out of the bombs range
Indy, Can you talk about the colonies of the various empires in the Far East such as Singapore, Malaya, French Indochina, Hong Kong and the Philippines etc.
In regards to Naval Strategy all modern navies revolved around the Mahan theory introduced in Alfred Thayer Mahan's book "The Influence of Sea Power upon History". Mahan stated that countries that control the sea control the trade and expansion of empires. He points to the success of the Spanish fleet in its empire and the later the British Fleet. To secure the sea, Mahan calls for large capital ships which would decimate any foe in a battle and secure victory against the enemy fleet. This is why every navy pushed for more and more battleships, dreadnoughts , and later super dreadnoughts. This theory was given a lot of credit after the American victory at Manila Bay and Santiago where the overwhelming American fleet decimated the Spanish with minor damages. Thus, leading up to the Great War every nation sought to create a powerful navy capable of delivering the decisive naval blow to the enemy. The battle of Jutland is the culmination of this buildup and proved that the dreadnoughts ruled the sea since the Germans never tried to attack the British again in a large battle. After The Great War, the five power naval treaty limited the amount of battleships that a country could have (similar to modern nuclear treaties). This lead to the creation of heavy cruisers which were a loophole in the treaty as they filled the role of heavy hitting ships to deliver the decisive blow in place of battleships. This is why at the start of WWII heavy cruisers served as the flagship of many task forces. It is also why the Japanese focused on the U.S. battleships instead of the carriers because everyone still believed in the Mahan theory. In total, the Great War negatively affected naval stragtey for the future. Since the battle of Jutland was the only major engagement of the war, it reinforced the belief in Mahan theory which would be proven wrong by the use of carriers in the future. As a final note, Admirals were so stuck in Mahan theory that even after Billy Mitchell sunk the German dreadnought Ostfriesland with bombers in 1921 they still sought super dreadnoughts as the future of the Navy.
great comment, thanks.
Question for out of the trenches: Where did Italy get all of the money and equipment in order to build a modern army? The country at the time was still a developing nation and to my knowledge didn't have a large industrial strength compared to other countries. Thank you Indie and Flo. May the Hotzendorf be in your favor.
Здравствуйте from St. Petersburg, Russia! I love listening to the weekly news from the war, particularly about thr Tsar and situation in Russia because it was largely left out in most WWI material I've been exposed to, and walking the streets of Petersburg knowing about the context of the turmoil 100 years ago is deeply humbling. Somewhat related to that note u have (a) question(s) and it would be cool to see it answered on Out of the Trenches: what was life generally like for citizens in occupied territory, particularly on the Eastern front given that so much territory was occupied? Did daily life basically just continue on? Were the burdens the state demanded lifted under occupation because the people couldn't be reached, or did the occupier also demand contributions to their war-effort? Did the occupiers rely on local policing institutions or set up some kind of martial law court system? I apologize for such a long comment and so many questions. Love the channel and keep up the good work!
We will answer this question in a special or rather several in the future.
Indy, your insight on the change in naval warfare, imo, was dead on. unfortunately the great powers didn't get it until well after the start of WW2.
Great vid Indy!! Love the new base
Question for Out of The Trenches: Was there any possibility of an invasion of England via Zeppelin? At the beginning of the war, Zeppelins were nearly impossible to bring down, and had a long range, and would be able to "jump" the British blockade. Although I do not know how many soldiers or how much equipment they could carry. Was this considered by the German High Command?
I'm not Indy but in case you're genuinly looking for an answer here I'm gonna go ahead and say no.
Apparently the highest payload for contemporary zeppelins was 3 to 4 tonnes (R-class from 1916). That's maybe 30 to 40 soldiers with personal equipment not including any sort of artillery or other heavy equipment. At the end of 1914 Germany had around 20 zeppelins (with even lower payload) and maybe double that at the end of 1915.
So you're already looking at a tiny amount of troops (maybe 1000ish) that you could ferry over in one go with the entire zeppelin fleet combined and incredible effort necessary to bring that number up to anything even remotely able to make an impact.
Plus, in general, you can't feasibly conduct a sizeable invasion with exclusively airbourne troops. Sooner rather than later you're gonna need a port and ships to ferry over troops, supplies and equipment if you want to maintain a decent fighting force. With the Royal Navy controlling the Channel that's not going to happen.
(all numbers rough estimates but certainly in the correct order of magnitude)
I have a question for out of the Trenches. What happened to the Island of Rodi. I know it had been under Italian control since 1912 but what occurred due to its close proximity to The Ottoman Empire?
ottoman empire didn't have a modern navy due to abdulhamid 2 fear of coup.All the ships that can compair with entante ships was in bad shape.
Hi, love your chow, I have a question, do you think that one of the causes of the Great War was that the Von Habsbourg family want to stop they declining prestige and stronger the dinasty authority in the Austro-Hungarian Empire? Because a victory against Serbia mean that the Emperor can defend the Empire and have the ability to defend the family power.(Sorry for bad English not my native language)
bırak 1918 i daha 1980 lere kadar doğu anadoludaki dağ köylerine altı yedi ay ulaşılamıyordu.
He valla çok çok geriden geliyorduk ulaşım konusunda. Ki hava ulaşımı hariç hâla yetişebilmiş değiliz.
How many sailors in the respective navies could swim? As everytime a ship sinks many, many souls are lost to drowning. Is that due to the fact those sailors could not swim or is "drowning" a broad term to define any sailor killed? Thanks for the great stuff Indy and crew, cant wait till the end of the series this Christmas if the war keeps up!
Astro Doto try swimming in between oil and fuel on fire (if you didn't abandon ship wounded if you managed to abandon ship at all). Also remember you get hypothermia after a while in the water.
I am aware it was difficult to swim but the term drown doesn't seem to be coupled with anything else ie when a ship sinks indie says 600 sailors drowned but none are said to have been shot etc, thats why i am wondering if its just a broad term
I think that just has to do with the simple fact that you can't determine the exact cause of death for every sailor.
betaich thats what i was wonderin but i would also find it interesting on how many could swim
The big gun ships played an important role in the war. For instance, contrary to modern civilian belief, a "Fleet in Being" is an offensive, not defensive, strategy. The existence of the German fleet limited (though not enough) the Allied maritime ability and options. The High Seas Fleet prevented the British from using some 32 Big Gun Ships and hundreds of their secondaries and support ships from crushing the German coastal cities, destroying the u-boat fleet, etc. There is much written on this subject from contemporary sources.
Sir Julian Stafford Corbett "Some Principles of Maritime Strategy (1911)" discuss the Fleet in Being. After the war, Air Colbert wrote several VOLUMES on the naval history of WWI. These are all available for FREE at www.archives.org
Viewers have FREE access the British Rotal Navy's "Naval Review" archives at www.naval-review.com/ . They can find articles covering the events as they happened (relatively speaking, of course).
The US Naval Institute has an archive of their "Proceedings" magazine available to subscribers. NB: USNI has quite a selection of WWI books available as well www.usni.org/store/books/wwi.
Interestingly, there is a prophecy by the Ukrainian Wernyhora that Poland will be reborn when Turkish horses drink from the Vistula. And indeed, the re-founding of Poland coincides with the deployment of Ottoman troops in Galicia.
6:44 In fact the Ottomans performed unexpectedly well.
Regret that I cannot recall the source, but.... The whole Ottoman Empire had just one modern medical school, operated by the army. The class of 1914 was 185 doctors. By 1918, not a single one was alive, unless they had deserted and created a new identity. I don't know that the last happened, just theorizing.
The 1937 film "The Grand Illusion" is a great example of how officer POW's are treated. Great film.
Ewww! You went to saint Johns? Those guys are so privileged and mean!
Flo stole the show
Ottoman Empire and Prussia will always be brothers
Absolutely love this channel. Is there any channel similar to this but focusing on the 2nd world war?
nope, no one was mad enough to try this, yet.
hey Indy could you talk more about the Newfoundland regiment during the war. i am from Newfoundland and have been learning all about them for the past two years. keep up the great work.
There is a story of de Gaulle (the later General of WW2 and president of France) that he wouldn't give his word of honour not to flee German captivity and therefore was one of the few officers who was held in a prison.
Hi,
First I want so say that i really enjoy your videos. The information you give us is true and highly detailed.
And I have to ask something of you. I know that you have already made some videos regarding serbia but i can't remember if you ever mentioned the battle of the Kolubara river. I would love to hear your thoughts on the battle and on Serbian Field Marshal Zivojin Misic
Hi Indy could you review some of the DLC for Battlefield 1 please I would like to hear what you have to say
It's stuff that should've been in the game at launch.
this isnt a games channel, kids..
one I ain't no kid, two he reviewed bf1 and Verdun so I don't see the harm on reviewing the DLC for battlefield 1 plus I would like to hear what he has to say about it like how historical accurate it is. I understand that his channel isn't a gaming channel
why are all the suggested videos "children education" videos?
That's just you mate.
I never watched children education videos, but I still get them recommended and on the strangest channels to do so too.
Not necessarily. My recommendations for this one had 17 other Great War videos (most of which I've not viewed yet.) plus three other war history videos. (And that's what's usually there when I watch a Great War video.) Usually my recommendations for any video are directly related to what I've recently watched.
comet1970 the children videos aren't always there for me, too. Sometimes they are sometimes not, that is what is so puzzling for me. other channels I had them with were Forgotten Weapons and C&Rsenal, they also both list their videos as educational like TGW. on the other side I never had these recommendations on other educational channels like SciShow or Veratasium. So RUclipss algorithm is just weird.
Hi sir im a big fan of you and ww1 so can you tell us algeria and other african colonies in ww1 and how algerian soldier participated in battle of Verdun
Hi Indy I have a question how did Romania maneged to be recunoized at the treaty of Versalie snice Uk and France did not want them in to the war
It's great that Flo asked a question right then, and it was a very interesting one at that!
Indys from Texas? Well, I guess it’s true than. Only steers and...historians come from Texas lol
No hes from sweden
Great video Indy, Also hope everyone has a great weekend! :D
Turkey was a Muslim nation in a holy war in ww1
a question for out of the trenches
were bayonets attached to rifles useful? I see the utility of a bayonet on a musket, but I don't see it on a rifle equipped with a magazine. the mp18 didn't even have a bayonet attachment. stormtroopers didn't use bayonets, but shovels. arditi used bayonet-alike knives, but they were not attached to rifles.
I don't need you to make a video about it, but I woukd like to know the answer.
Praise the Moon - C&rsenal channel has talked a little bit about this on some of the First World War rifles they have studied. The general answer I can give you is that on open land the bayonet can be effective, but in the trenches not so much. By far the best bayonets are those that could be used separately as a knife. From my own experience in the U.S. Army, bayonet fighting tactics were best if coupled with the use of the rifle butt as part of the attack.
Everybody knows WW1 ended participant countries realized they all have a shared love for magnificent mustaches.
Great vid as always. Greetings from Turkey.
Hi
also ottoman army was also small as compared to french ,british and russian army ...
Because ottoman population was small as 18,5 million. In comparison Russia's was 125 million.
*N I C E*
Hey Indie, Love the show!
My dad and I are going to travel to the Balkans and Bulgaria, which museums or battlegrounds would you recommend visiting?
Keep up the great work!
37th
A question for Out of the Trenches: What can you tell about the Finnish volunteers serving as German Jaegars: what kind of role they had and did they participate in larger battles? I know that they weren't many, and might not have been very influential, but after their return to Finland they were crucial during the civil war, and perhaps prevented Finland from becoming a communist nation after Russian revolution.
Catapults in World War I. I have a book on the history of siege warfare that shows drawings of grenade launching catapults used during the war. What do you know of catapults in the great war?
"The beginning of the end for the dominance of big ships?" Then why was there a naval arms race after WW1, despite the post-war recession, which actually resulted in the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty that specifically limited the deployment of capital ships?:
So....nobody gonna comment on Indy using the word "booty"?
I mean, its correct, but cant stop ...shaking it from hearing him say it.
Hi Indy and TGW team,
Did Germany invade the Belgian Congo, or did the British and French protect it under Belgian rule?
hello Indy and the crew. I have a question for Out of the Trenches, a few months ago i saw the history movie Sarajevo. it became clear that the assassination was a sort of an inside job, because the route the archduke used wasn't secret also the route was under-guarded and they drove through a neighbourhood that was dangerous because of the nationalistic serbians who lived there, it was like they were asking to get attacked. my question is if it is true that the military highcommand of Austro-Hungary wanted to let their archduke get killed so they could start a war. Keep up the good work!
Guys also one should take into account the population of the powers that are participating ww1. So here are some figures
UK : 46millions
France : 42millions
Russia : 125millions
Germany : 67millions
Austria-Hungary : 52millions
Ottoman Emp : 18,5millions...
And US : 99millions
So in addition to all the poor logistics and etc, manpower was also lacking in Ottoman Empire
what is the picture at 1:24?
German officers always interrupted Turkish gains. Ataturk always complains their narrow mindedness.
+The Great War
OUT OF THE TRENCHES
Several of the British commander during the war were enoble (eg. Dougles Haig, 1st Earl Haig and John French, 1st Earl of Ypres), why dont you use their title?
Love the show, hope to see you at Stow Maries Aerodrome
Given that Wonder Woman has become such a hit at the box office, you should do an analysis of its use of WWI history.
hey Indy I have a question for out of the trenches
why were the Newfoundlander Regament the only one today be given the title Royal Regament
sorry typing error
I have a question? How is the Red Baron first kill?
He is dead
yeah he is
Let me rephrase the question, do you mean "Who was the first of the Red Baron's kills"?
Which I hope goes to out of the trenches.
Bigboss & Bigben Channel they told it in an earlier episode
Press F for Red Baron who is kill
Why does the background in this episode seems like it's made of cardboard?
According to Daniel Yergin's the Prize, the switch from coal to oil added to the speed of the British vessels which helped them gain naval superiority as well. However this is not mentioned in the video, was this because the change took place before WW1? Or is mr. Yergin just a bit too enthusiastic in describing the benefits of petroleum? I always assumed it was a significant change in naval warfare but I'm not a historian so you'd need to tell me.
There are actually Turkish Military Cemeteries in Czechia, Ukraine and Hungary from the WWI.
why are there more individual accounts in ww2 than ww1? I mean company level downward. There are stories about Easy Company and others but none that I've found in ww1.
What do you think about sabaton,not about melody and how it sounds but about idea to sing about history* [for out of the trenches] *their song list involving Pashendele(price of the mile),lost battalion in Argonne(lost battalion) and routine in trench warfare(angels calling)
If its going to take 35 days to transport grenades - for God's sake take more than one!
you don't really see a change in ship tactics until well into WW2-they hadn't 'failed' so there was no thought to an carriers were seen as scots more than nayhting. It was only after the british attack on Toranto in WW2 did people realize that Carriers were more than just scouts. The japanese attacked pearl Harbor but it was Nimitz, in 1942. having really only got carriers left to fight the japanese with who essentially created a doctrine that surplanted the battle ship. He had nothing left so he went with what he had and the result was that the battleship never retook it's place, but that's for another show.