Facilitated Diffusion Explained

This video explains facilitated diffusion and why it is necessary.
Transcript:
You may recall from our last video that particles move from high to low concentration, a process known as diffusion. For certain molecules, this process of diffusion happens straight across the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane, as shown with these oxygen molecules. This is called simple diffusion.
But, other molecules CAN’T simply move across the phospholipid bilayer. They get blocked, bounced, and rejected like these sugar molecules!
But why?
The answer is that the cell membrane is selectively permeable or semi-permeable, which means that it only allows certain things to pass through. This is based primarily on two things:
1. Size (smaller things get through easier)
and
2. Polarity or charge (nonpolar/uncharged things get through easier).
So, oxygen passes through easily because it is both small and nonpolar or uncharged.
Sugar, on the other hand, is larger and polar (meaning that it has partially charged regions). For this reason, it cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane. This creates a potentially disastrous problem: the cell needs sugar! Without sugar, the cell will die! How is this problem solved?
The answer is facilitated diffusion! Proteins, like this purple one here, can act as channels to transport sugars (or other substances that can’t pass through the bilayer) across the membrane. The protein acts like a tunnel that allows the substance through. This is called facilitated diffusion because the protein helps diffusion to happen. (TEXT on screen “Facilitated” means “helped”). If you speak any Spanish, you might know that “facil” means “easy” and these proteins help make diffusion easier! See the connection?
There are a few key things to remember about facilitated diffusion:
1. In facilitated diffusion, substances still move from high to low concentration, DOWN their concentration gradient.
2. Because of this, NO ENERGY is used by the cell to make facilitated diffusion happen. It is totally passive.
3. Proteins that do facilitated diffusion are SPECIFIC to particular substances, so a protein that allows glucose through doesn’t usually let other substances through. Instead, different proteins will be used to transport each substance.
Credits: Music: www.bensound.com

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[@BioManBiology]

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[@BioManBiology]

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[@nerd3390]

2:07
1- From High to Low concentration
2- No ATP required

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[@BioManBiology]

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Tysm

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[@nifty1729]

There's a difference between semi permeable and selectively permeable...these both are two different terms!

[@BioManBiology]

True, although the difference in meaning is fairly subtle and the terms are often used interchangeably. Here is one site that explains the difference for those who would like to learn more: www.thoughtco.com/selectively-permeable-4140327

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[@BioManBiology]

Thanks for your suggestion. I should definitely do osmosis. Hopefully soon!

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[@BioManBiology]

Nice, I see what you did there! 😉 Thanks for your comment!

[@dharshan770]

0:39 there's a difference between semi permeable and selectively permeable

[@BioManBiology]

That is true, but they are often used interchangeably, especially at an introductory level. Selectively permeable is a better term to use for the membrane since it is more selective about what can pass through.

[@foziarao960]

Can water pass through these carrier protein??? Kindly tell me

[@BioManBiology]

There are special channel proteins called aquaporins that improve water flow across membranes. As a general principle, each channel or carrier protein is specific to a particular substance. I hope that helps!

[@foziarao960]

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[@QuadB47]

does facilitated defusion occur only in living things?

[@BioManBiology]

Yes, I believe so. It's possible that something similar may have been been mimicked synthetically, but the process shown in the video takes place in cell membranes of living things.

[@sirenhead5816]

0:09 - 0:20

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Please remove the background music 🎶

[@BioManBiology]

Unfortunately, I don't think there's a way to remove the music for this video now that it's been uploaded. My newer videos have less or no music though. Thanks for your feedback.

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