How to DIY Arduino Mega2560 CNC 3/4 axis hardware and software setup, easy
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- Опубликовано: 14 окт 2024
- I wanted to make this video to help anyone that wants to build a 3 or 4 axis CNC using Arduino / GRBL / UGS (Universal G-Code Sender).
After watching countless videos and reading a bunch of articles on how to set this all up, i found that most instructions out there are for a cnc shield type setup with little instruction and wiring explanation which led to some confusion, so after messing around with it for a while, i finally got what i wanted so, here is my take on clearing things up a tad and giving you a simple and effective option for your DIY Arduino CNC
A couple of minor software tweaks I did make to my GRBL settings are as follows:
i set the x,y, and z max rate, mm/min($110-$112) from 1000 to 2000 for these particular steppers. I also up'd the accel from 10 to 20. These settings seem to make these steppers purr as they run through some g-code.
Steppers (200 steps/rev): ebay: www.ebay.com/it...
Microstep drivers: eBay: www.ebay.com/it...
How to calculate the x,y,z steps/mm: www.diymachinin...
Solid State Relay: www.robotshop.c...
or from China (eBay) www.ebay.com/it...
Relays: DF Robot: www.robotshop.c...
Arduino Mega2560 (Authentic): www.robotshop.c...
Software:
Ardhino GRBL-Mega: github.com/gne... (3 axis)
github.com/dgu... (4 axis)
UGS Platform: winder.github.i... (I took the nightly build of UGS Platform)
This is indeed, incredibly cool!!!! Thank you for posting this. I am about to build my first custom cnc router for cutting foam, and I plan for a 4th axis so that the machine resembles a frogmill cnc machine. I have all the steel, the motors, linear rails, electronics, etc purchased and standing by in my garage. I'm just trying to finish designing my gantry in fusion. Your video has helped immensely as far as getting my motors all hooked up! Thank you!
Hello friend, congratulations on the video! Would you have the wiring scheme on the arduino mega 2560 with I connect the wires for four axes and the rest on the arduino port? thanks
Very good explanation. Ok i am also using the Mega2560 board, And i did exactly what you did and it worked of cause by changing the pin configuration, but was using the Stepper driver A4988. But i tried to with your firmware to use the Ramps 1.4 and the A4988 stepper driver as intended and for the like's of me it does not want to work with the UGS platform, and the motors don't turn and iv tried to change the pin configuration in cpu_map. I have traced the pins of the stepper driver headers to the Ramps 1.4 Board and they line up to Step=A0 and Dir=A1 Pins. Changed the pins in the cpu_map and still nothing. I know my setup works because i tested it with Marlin and it all works. But want it to work with UGS. if you could please point me in the right direction. Thanks in advance.
I would look into cncjs, it's the software I use now, much better that the UGS software i started with.
Can you teach me how to up load Ardhino GRBL-Mega from scratch? please.....
Hi I have to thank you very much, because your video was the video that got me going, before your video everything was very shadowy...:) I have a question thou. I am waiting for the rest of microstep drivers to arrive, until then I have only one microstep driver which I have connected it to a stepper motor, and as you have shown in your video to the x axis, But the problem is when running the program it only runs the motor on x direction while it is posotive, if it starts to run negative direction, the x axis dont move at all? is that because I have to install everything for it to work or there is something else I should think off? Thank you very much for any kind of help
Great video. Very helpful. Thank you VERY much. I also think it's pretty amazing how affordable and common home cnc has become. Your setup, as seen here, is almost the same as I will be using. One question if you don't mind. So the only power supply for the mega arduino and both relays is only coming from your laptops 5v USB ? Thanks
Hi Jeff, thanks for the comment and yes, it is actually quite a simple, yet effective setup. I've been running this config on a small C-Beam machine i built as a test project, with great success, before I undertake a bigger build. p.s. I've since changed the motors, i'm using to use Chinese hybrid steppers (leadshine-clone) i got on eBay. The config is identical except for the CNC software and motors. The software i settled on is cncjs from cncjs.org (excllent) and the motors i got from here: www.ebay.com/itm/2-2NM-12NM-Nema23-Nema34-DC36V-AC60V-DSP-Closed-Loop-Stepper-Drive-Motor-Power/122420276298?hash=item1c80d12c4a:m:mk7ZUPUqTdks2ifjanN8d6A. Good luck!
Sir can we get connection diagram
Great video. Got me pointed in the right direction. Do you have a wiring diagram of this setup?
Hi and thanks for watching, i actually do not have a wiring diagram but it really is pretty straight forward. Check out this link, it shows exactly how to wire the motors to the driver www.makerguides.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/TB6600-stepper-motor-driver-with-Arduino-UNO-wiring-diagram-schematic-1024x752.jpg
I always wondered about GRBL on a Mega 2560. I wonder if the Mega 2560 fork has any more features than the main Uno branch? A Mega 2560 has more resources than the 328 does.
I have a slimmed down build of what you have. As of 201908-24, UGS 2.0 latest GRBL-MEGA. UGS connects with Arduino Mega2560 but that is it. Always offline and no firmware found. Cant find any help or support.
use cncjs, it's by far the best free CNC control software i've found to date. cnc.js.org/ good luck!
Dear Sir,
Thanks for above Video.
I am currently working on XYZ Laser head manipulation system. Having three axis X- 2 Stepper motors, Y- 1 Stepper motor & Z-1Stepper Motor.
By using Nema 34 and Nema 23 motors & Arduino Mega2560.
Sir, Can you suggest me suitable software?
Is GRBL satisfied the requirement?
GRBL is definitely suited for your application. You should look into GRBL Laser howto on here (RUclips). Good luck with your project!
Is it possible to show us microstep TB6600 driver Arduino connection with the drivers by the three motors with endstop buttons with relay to stop and run the drill please showing this in video or photo please ? cnc machine
I don't know if I understand correctly the hardware system. At least, you have connected the Arduino Mega to motor drivers, directly from Arduino pin's, without an intermediate shield like Arduino UNo + CNC Shield 3.0. That's correct?
That is correct, the stepper drivers are directly connected to the Arduino pins. I made a simple shield to facilitate everything.
@@tacpreppers4906 Thank you. But your shield is not present in the video.
@@egemonslot www.robotshop.com/en/arduino-proto-shield-pcb-mega.html this is the board I used to make the shield. I'll be making a new video soon with clear audio and better overview.
So I spend $6 for a shield for my MEGA. But apparently I don't need one? What is the point of it then?
they're labeled lol so a bit of convenience
What is the milling machine that you converted? I am trying to do it on the cheap but want an accurate and reliable machine. I have an HF33686. I am wondering if I need to change out the Acme thread to ball screws? any thing you would do differently? Post of your install would be nice. Thanks for the detail. No posts for a long time?
gaewing, i haven't converted a CNC, i built a relatively cheap one from OpenBuilds so i could get my setup right before i tackle either converting a Grizzly G0704 or building a heavier duty one from scratch. I'm still experimenting but have come up with what i think will be my final controller and software setup. I'll be posting a short update video soon with some things I've learned along the way. For one, the consensus seems to be that ball screws are better in general, but you can tweak the GRBL to calibrate your steppers with your lead screw for really good accuracy as well, this is what i did with the 8mm lead screws on my machine.. i guess it all boils down to how much you can/want to spend and more importantly, what are you going to be doing with it. Thanks for watching!
Hi just wanna ask if how to wire with y slave? Thanks...
Great job, what is the gcode command for enable/disable spindle in pin 6? Thanks
For the spindle, M3 is clockwise rotation, M4 is CCW, and M5 is spindle off. Hope that helps and thanks for watching
hi, I've run into a problem with the GRBL and is that when everything connected, I got the X axis spinning always the same direction.
did you had the same problem?
any idea what is happening?
thanks
Check the cpu_map.h and the green text "// Define step direction output pins." pins 30,31,32 for x y z.
Every video I find is incomplete. No one has yet made a video that shows all schematics and connections for a complete CNC. This video is missing all of the end stop connections. There is no explanation for mist and flood what are those? For a CNC router what do you flood or mist?
I'm sorry to hear you haven't found what you're looking for. I thought this video might be a good starter. For the limit switch configuration (end stops) , there are plenty of tutorials on how to connect them and for obvious reasons, there are no limit switches in my video. For a CNC router I use mist, but can turn it up to where it's almost a flood, these are devices that spray coolant onto the work piece at the point the tools contacts, Hope that helps a little. Good luck!
@@tacpreppers4906 Thank you for helping me. What are version of GRBL did you download. I have the same setup but my motors will not turn when I send x,y, or z. The Universal Gcode Sender UGS will throw an error and I have tried all different versions of GRBL with zero luck. 1.1h grbl for arduino 2560.
I see your links. I am going to download again and re-compile using arduino app. I also remember to delete existing library files so I don't upload the same bad grbl code. Many thanks again.
I downloaded the 4 axis version and as soon as I load it and open UGS I get this following unexpected error. I removed some text to make it readable.
[GC:G0 G54 G17 G21 G90 G94 M5 M9 T0 F0.0 S0]
[Error] Error while processing response : An unexpected command was completed by the controller.
**** Connected to COM5 @ 115200 baud ****
Grbl 1.1e ['$' for help]
[MSG:Check Limits]
[MSG:'$H'|'$X' to unlock]
Grbl 1.1e ['$' for help]
>>> $G
>>> $$
$0 = 255 (Step pulse time, microseconds)
$1 = 255 (Step idle delay, milliseconds)
$2 = 255 (Step pulse invert, mask)
$3 = 255 (Step direction invert, mask)
$4 = 1 (Invert step enable pin, boolean)
$5 = 1 (Invert limit pins, boolean)
$6 = 1 (Invert probe pin, boolean)
$10 = 255 (Status report options, mask)
$11 = 2147483.648 (Junction deviation, millimeters)
$12 = 2147483.648 (Arc tolerance, millimeters)
$13 = 1 (Report in inches, boolean)
$20 = 1 (Soft limits enable, boolean)
$21 = 1 (Hard limits enable, boolean)
$22 = 1 (Homing cycle enable, boolean)
$23 = 255 (Homing direction invert, mask)
$24 = 2147483.648 (Homing locate feed rate, mm/min)
$25 = 2147483.648 (Homing search seek rate, mm/min)
$26 = 255 (Homing switch debounce delay, milliseconds)
$27 = 2147483.648 (Homing switch pull-off distance, millimeters)
$30 = 2147483648 (Maximum spindle speed, RPM)
$31 = 2147483648 (Minimum spindle speed, RPM)
$32 = 1 (Laser-mode enable, boolean)
$100 = 2147483.648 (X-axis travel resolution, step/mm)
$101 = 2147483.648 (Y-axis travel resolution, step/mm)
$102 = 2147483.648 (Z-axis travel resolution, step/mm)
$103 = 2147483.648
$110 = 2147483.648 (X-axis maximum rate, mm/min)
$111 = 2147483.648 (Y-axis maximum rate, mm/min)
$112 = 2147483.648 (Z-axis maximum rate, mm/min)
$113 = 2147483.648
$120 = 2147483.648 (X-axis acceleration, mm/sec^2)
$121 = 2147483.648 (Y-axis acceleration, mm/sec^2)
$122 = 2147483.648 (Z-axis acceleration, mm/sec^2)
$123 = 2147483.648
$130 = 2147483.648 (X-axis maximum travel, millimeters)
$131 = 2147483.648 (Y-axis maximum travel, millimeters)
$132 = 2147483.648 (Z-axis maximum travel, millimeters)
$133 = 2147483.648
ok
[GC:G0 G54 G17 G21 G90 G94 M5 M9 T0 F0.0 S0]
ok
>>> $G
$0 = 255 (Step pulse time, microseconds)
$1 = 255 (Step idle delay, milliseconds)
$2 = 255 (Step pulse invert, mask)
$3 = 255 (Step direction invert, mask)
$4 = 1 (Invert step enable pin, boolean)
$5 = 1 (Invert limit pins, boolean)
$6 = 1 (Invert probe pin, boolean)
$10 = 255 (Status report options, mask)
$11 = 2147483.648 (Junction deviation, millimeters)
$12 = 2147483.648 (Arc tolerance, millimeters)
$13 = 1 (Report in inches, boolean)
$20 = 1 (Soft limits enable, boolean)
$21 = 1 (Hard limits enable, boolean)
$22 = 1 (Homing cycle enable, boolean)
$23 = 255 (Homing direction invert, mask)
$24 = 2147483.648 (Homing locate feed rate, mm/min)
$25 = 2147483.648 (Homing search seek rate, mm/min)
$26 = 255 (Homing switch debounce delay, milliseconds)
$27 = 2147483.648 (Homing switch pull-off distance, millimeters)
$30 = 2147483648 (Maximum spindle speed, RPM)
$31 = 2147483648 (Minimum spindle speed, RPM)
$32 = 1 (Laser-mode enable, boolean)
$100 = 2147483.648 (X-axis travel resolution, step/mm)
$101 = 2147483.648 (Y-axis travel resolution, step/mm)
$102 = 2147483.648 (Z-axis travel resolution, step/mm)
$103 = 2147483.648
$110 = 2147483.648 (X-axis maximum rate, mm/min)
$111 = 2147483.648 (Y-axis maximum rate, mm/min)
$112 = 2147483.648 (Z-axis maximum rate, mm/min)
$113 = 2147483.648
$120 = 2147483.648 (X-axis acceleration, mm/sec^2)
$121 = 2147483.648 (Y-axis acceleration, mm/sec^2)
$122 = 2147483.648 (Z-axis acceleration, mm/sec^2)
$123 = 2147483.648
$130 = 2147483.648 (X-axis maximum travel, millimeters)
$131 = 2147483.648 (Y-axis maximum travel, millimeters)
$132 = 2147483.648 (Z-axis maximum travel, millimeters)
$133 = 2147483.648
ok
[GC:G0 G54 G17 G21 G90 G94 M5 M9 T0 F0.0 S0]
[Error] Error while processing response : An unexpected command was completed by the controller.
@@rsz90182 use CNCJS, i've been using it very successfully since i made this video. cncjs.org (it supports 4 axis)
In your discription you didn't say where to get the power supply. Wondering where?
That would be eBay. Look for 24V power supplies, they're usually sold as LED power supplies. I got a 24v 360 watt one in the little CNC i built.
hi can you please show me the diagram of the wires i want to see how you connect them
hey there i have a Q, in the Arduino program do you have to write the code to set all the motors or GRBL with set all that up for me
thanks in advance
hey there. I would like to ask about how you make a connection to Arduino mega?... I mean how you define the pin at Arduino to connect to USG platform or USG platform already set up the pin number at arduino board? thanks for this video it really helpful.
Fahmi
Fahmi, the Arduino connects to the computer via the USB port, then USG has a port select drop down and connect button.
hey am making a cnc am using grbl shield and drv8825..i have a problem of loosing steps..thats an awesome setup.. which ugs is that
winder.github.io/ugs_website/download/ i used the nightly build
Does the firmware actually support a 4th axis? I have yet to find a version of GRBL that supports both the Mega 2560 and four axes. If this version does support a 4th axis, can you show me a diagram that shows the board pin assignments for A-Pulse and A-Dir (assuming that the 4th axis is the A-Axis). Such a version of firmware needs to allow configuration of the 4th axis as well. I already have all the hardware for the 4th axis. I just need the firmware and pin assignments. Thanks.
I have the following version running on a small CNC i built (github.com/dguerizec/grbl-Mega-4axis, will eventually get around to making a video) it works quite well with cncjs (i use version 1.9.12 cncjs.org... great software and added bonus of being able to run on Raspberry Pi) although i've since disconnected the 4th axis since i don't have a post processor in Fusion 360 so i only attach it as an indexer for now. The pin assignments are straight forward in the cpu_map.h file and the GRBL can be tweaked for your setup using the $$ console commands once operational.
Will this software for the ATmega2560 work with an Universal Gcode Sender version? For example, I'm using 1.0.6, which also has a different layout. Also, in the video it shows that you are using a NetBeans Platform 8.1, is this just the nightly build you are talking about? I want to keep the same version of UGS I currently have with the Atmega2560, is this possible?
Lamira Bland, it sure does. The Arduino is running GRBL 1.1e, i've tested with Universal G code sender 1.0.6, UGS nightly and other incarnations of a gcode sender, works with all.
Could you point me where did you get proper files to flash mega 2560 chip with GRBL firmware? there are so many places with grbl, so many versions, so big mess:) Tried to upload grbl from Arduino IDE but got messages like "in function 'main' undefined reference do 'setup' and to 'loop'"...
The link is in the description: Ardhino GRBL-Mega: github.com/gnea/grbl-Mega/ this is the branch i follow. Hope it helps, also make sure you are selecting the mega2560 in the IDE
+TacPreppers thank you. So far i've put grbl to Arduino Uno and it seems to work though i'm expierencing some troubles with host communication (it is not arduino fault).
This version is specifically designed for use with the Mega2560, not the UNO. Good luck
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Are you running the Ardunio via Linux or Windows computer?
I'm running it on a Windows computer but you can access and run the Arduino on any platform. I tend to use CNCJS now, you can find it at cnc.js.org/ free and powerful. I think they have releases for all platforms, including linux and Mac. Hope that helps.
@@tacpreppers4906 Yes i have just had a look at this .. looks very promising!
Good Video, but where are the connection for the End stops? Please show, thank you. Heinz
Heinz, the end stops for the limit switches go to Arduino ports 11,12, and 13. You can see this in the cpu_map.h file. I will show all this in my next video. Thanks
Could you provide the schematic diagram
Hello sir
I am using nema23 with tb6600 drive with 24 volt 10 amp, but with 32 micro stepping my motor rpm is very low around 30 or i change it into 1 then its rpm is around 150 with vibration
I am trying to increase rpm of my stepper motor with smooth running
Please help me....
Hi Tushar, I'm not sure how much i can help there but i would start with looking at the GRBL settings as the stepper drivers may be configured many ways, but the GRBL setting absolutely must reflect those settings. i.e. $100=200 would be ok for an 8 microstep setup using an 8mm lead screw in my case. hope that points you in the right direction. Good luck
Hello, in your video I saw that you have launched NetBeans 8.1 platform. What is the relationship with cncjs app and grbl?
Thank you for explaining.
CNCJS app is what sends the GRBL software on the Arduino the GCODE that tells the machine how and where to move.
Hello informative video ..any updates?
By any chance is there a complete wiring diagram?
No diagram but the wiring is pretty straight forward. You can find most of what you need in the cpu_map.h file in the GRBL folder. As a side note, the stepper vendor usually has a wiring diagram along with the specs. Good luck and thanks for watching.
Thanks for the tip. I can see up to 6 axis, but how do you mirror say a Y axis if you had 2 motors?
I'm pretty sure you can just splice the two together, just make sure they're turning the right way. You're probably better off searching RUclips for a better solution because if the motors are facing each other, you may need to add an inverter to switch the direction signal on one of the drivers. I try to stay away from that scenario and will be making a followup video soon on my choice of motors and drivers. Thanks and good luck
Hello sir , May i ask how could i output a good g-code for GRBL from fusion 360 ?
Hi Omar, i would suggest watching this video ruclips.net/video/93Tj7qUkEms/видео.html or research it a little on RUclips, there are a lot of video far better than mine describing the process if the one i pointed out doesn't do it for you. Good luck!
TacPreppers thank u so much
Really superb
port 24 and 30? How the hell did you figure all that out? everywhere I look people say it's port 2 and 5, 3 and 6, 4 and 7. Going to try this. been stuck for 8 hours.
The file you're looking for is called cpu_map.h in the grbl folder. Good luck
Worked. thanks a bunch!
How to connect limit switches..?
Please explain with a schematic.
I think your best bet would be this page github.com/gnea/grbl/wiki/Wiring-Limit-Switches it explains the different ways you can do this. I hope that helps. best of luck
Thanks for the video
sir
can you give me cnc code 3 axsis
think you
Hello, transformer 24V ?A, ?W. Thank You!
24V 15A 360W
Thank You! I wish new victories.
Thank you
just a precision: for the moment, GRBGL is not capable of 4 axis management , only 3 axis ! and for 3 axis CNC no need for a ARDUINO MEGA , ARDUINO UNO can do the job and is cheaper.
I know the video is little long-winded but i do mention that the version of GRBL is an "Arduino Mega only" branch of the original for the UNO and that it currently only supports 3 axes. This version is being actively developed with a 4th axis option, hence why I mention it, but thanks for taking the time to comment. fyi, the Mega has 256k flash allowing for much larger sketches and expansion of GRBL beyond the UNOs capabilities, if this is what you eventually want. cheers
5 axys no yet?
Great
Please share the schematics
So what happened with this?
How to download 4 axis software?
github.com/gnea/grbl-Mega
Then you need to upload to the Mega using the arduino IDE.
the link is invalid!!!!
The links are 4 years old... if you're looking for stepper motors try www.ebay.com/itm/273562742123?epid=2252706324&hash=item3fb19c2d6b:g:34EAAOSw~LtbgMlR but i suggest you shop around and look into closed loop steppers for better accuracy. i.e. www.ebay.com/itm/233448020950?_trkparms=ispr%3D1&hash=item365a961bd6:g:xx4AAOSwnL1gIjKw&amdata=enc%3AAQAGAAACoPYe5NmHp%252B2JMhMi7yxGiTJkPrKr5t53CooMSQt2orsSRAQR8FABHjfpFoyRlXhWmYbi9N8lBwRv7tTlO3muLxa670k4V%252FQBWpQUTMg2Z5%252FvHjQHoS5I4w9igjSjCj20jFOP5hvoI1JRl001300pcRpdAiNw2SRrjtTtX6pBkKn1rOjCavQDylpzenphE7j44XtpjGVtWkwJWXXMFVtISa%252BWDF9ZdhmM%252B4ve7BdfG%252FMutzGXzXyWFgrk%252BMj7U8Mj%252BCrnvOk8ELixHvimc3cfkkxg3QpLEP%252FSZbx0f3%252B3slwMC%252Bp24H5cUBPK%252Fcf9kYW4JUjcA2xdn33IoqOxhrEMp9ZWmQaSvUfJ%252FBC0lb67ld12naM%252FqGHcn5Nz1yq36U%252FUy7m8Q5J68ATtBZMBjjW2gLsQt1N9fHu0mW%252FLYZNgEZz7Qs%252B3x3h7SARkfy9k6E2gW2o2JrHLFzOj5AjsI56mTbwvKSV3GBkQ5%252Bbl%252BIXoNQn10OaN%252F%252Fv86hpj7wiY97lki4UiccbWdIgFLNTPg4Sw1YBImi%252BHT%252FREzayFmnByfnOtqUhwtVi7Y8pAXlMXSA1GYwX9eTV1tg9KlccjNWntUVr0feIYsGHcUoerSDEC5zZ%252F8geP%252BiZTgMF7ewwHNtCtBhqdB8029eY4WVZgA9ODZft56f%252BLljwi9PN1TYpoJjEw3JP54xzrZgEgBrVaiXhcr2GI6dzqBtk0VkRgzDGKMkKJpQbgX071HiWc7WHzJf2LSuX8NGpVL47sMzZT3eukxGUt1moA1DibDPy6r%252BEdvNTKLKz4jE%252FpPYfq3kx0m5GqbOcKtmaLj8nzTlMAmQlPbGWW7ps2W7QYJuRT7np53PjmPsqzqjWxBUQJdj8GkYlisbzWmj8xyk2dAAxcxQ0NAQ%253D%253D%7Campid%3APL_CLK%7Cclp%3A2334524
Virtually silent. Why can't you guys turn up the heat there when you make a video? We can turn it down on this end, if we need. Ear buds help, except when you're running the equipment, then nothing works. Can't even read your lips!😀 Other than that, great information. I think I will go take a nap now...
grew nice
can u just tell me all components in a list
i put a list of parts in the description of this video. Hope it helps!
mumble mumble.. volume ?
I'll be putting a new video up soon, with better audio, video and explanations. I know the quality of this video isn't the best, but that's what i was able to throw together on New Years day after a night of partying:/. If you're interested in the GRBL1.1/Arduino setup, I think you'll be very interested in the next video where I'll outline my setup using the Arduino Mega-2560 with GRBL 4 axes (yes 4 axes) and Raspberry Pi3b. I also ditched the UGS software for CNCjs, which is, imho, by far, the best CNC software I could find that is open source and being actively developed. Thanks for watching and taking the time to comment! :)