This is probably the best breakdown explanation of how diodes and LEDs work i have seen. Looking forward to using it to help electrical apprentices understand the internal workings of LED's. Thanks
At the core of every LED is a combination of two materials: N-doped and P-doped semiconductors. N-doped silicon, infused with elements like arsenic, carries extra electrons, while P-doped silicon, infused with elements like gallium, is characterized by "holes" where electrons can reside. When these two materials are placed together, a small but powerful phenomenon occurs-some electrons from the N-doped side flow into the P-doped side, creating what’s called a depletion zone.
After reading about diodes for over 50 years, I finally get it. One has to truly understand what happens at the subatomic level. What a brilliant presentation. So very well done, thank you.
I was fortunate to be a technician on a research vessel and was tasked to illuminate evenly split hard rock core samples. The area to be illuminated was only 40 mm in-depth but in order to achieve the depth of field which was specified by the design criteria, the intensity if the illumination required the light source to be very close. 100 mm. As light dissipates to the square of the distance, the very bottom illumination would have “fallen off” enough to be visually detected. As the intensity of LED’s can be increased and decreased without change in color temperatures, I was able to make an array of lights and varied the voltage to paint evenly from top to bottom. This would have been impossible with halogen, fluorescence or other types of illumination. LED lighting was key, however we had to match color temperatures of all of the lights in the array because of the lack of consistency in manufacturing. Also LED lights are extremely heat sensitive and will change color temperature over time. It is a newer technology and has its share of growing pains if accuracy and consistency is needed.
This is seriously good science at a level and with language that I can understand. color temperature was an early problem with LED light sources. the temp was "cold" and ugly. Quite quickly, manufacturers figured out how to add contaminants to give a warmer light.
I was a project manager at EMI Research (UK) in the 1970s. One of my engineers had used one of the new green LEDs to indicate that his system had passed all fault checks. My boss, an assistant director, was appalled at the extravagance of using a green LED.
Hello, thanks a lot for this brilliant explanation! I finally grasped, how diodes, transistors and LEDs are working. Really excellent, this video. Greetings from France, Manfred
Transistors are very different, but do use two junctions, the main ones I used were n-p-n junctions so worked easier with +V supply voltages on the Collector. . . . Transistors are Current amplifiers, not Voltage amplifiers like Valves ( Tubes ) were, although modern FET Transistors are Voltage amplifiers.. . . The simple principle of using a normal BJT transistor, the most common type. . . Is that you put + Voltage onto the Anode or Collector and due to the junctions, no current ( electrons ) flows between the Emitter to Collector.. . But If you put some +V on to the Base, then that easily causes Current to flow between the Emitter and Base, which then opens up the path for good Emitter to Collector current flow. . . . Very typically you could get about 100 times as much Current flowing between Emitter to Collector, as the Current you made between Emitter to Base.. . We call that a current Gain or Hfe
I am in high school and to be honest we haven't learned anything about diodes yet but I wanna learn more. And this is the only video I have found that explains what leds are in more detail. Others just assume you know what a diode is Thanks
I had never imagined coming across such beautiful explanation. Your effort in producing such videos can never be less than the excellence of nobility 👏👏👏
Reverse polarization of a PN junction can be used to vary the capacitance of the junction, turning it into a variable capacitor for radio applications.
Now that is getting far more into electronics.. .. Yes, VeriCaps. . . Going even further, we made Parametric Amplifiers for Microwave Receivers, using that principle.. . . A parametric amplifier principle is that you feed the signal in, when the Capacitor value is high, then you effectively pull the plates apart, reducing the capacitance value, which from ½C.V² will now have to increase the Voltage across that capacitor. . . So now you have a Voltage amplifier for very small, low level signals. . :-)
YES, that is correct, so technically they are not LED lights, but Flourescent Lights. . . . Actually the phosphor is translucent, and allows some Blue light through, so they are a combination of Blue LED's and Red/Green Flourescent lights. 🙂
Yes and No. . . . Correct, Basic LED's do not have any Phosphor. . . They radiate which ever colour their doping makes them work at. . . We only cover the LED with Phosphor for White light. . . The phosphor allows some Blue light through and converts some blue light to produce Red and Green light, so our eyes think it is White light.
They often eliminate the second electrode wire. The die is mounted to, in your video, the metal reflector. This becomes the negative input. The electrons pass upward to the junction and are bled off via the positive electrode wire.
I got to tell you of a little story, regarding the LED. I was in high school at the time, taking “electronics”. We were learning the principles of amplification, rectification, and modulation, utilizing Vaccume tubes. Solid state electronics were discussed in our lectures, and the “light emitting diode” was discussed. Our instructor at the time, who had as a young man apprenticed as an electrician, and installed the first fluorescent lights in our city, stated “A very unique principle of electronics, but appears to not serve any useful purpose”. God I wish I had not listened to that lecture 😂😂😂
Well he was sort of right in the 1970's . . . LED's were very low light levels, the best could carry about 6mW or 0.06W of electricity. . . . I was the first in our design centre to actually use LED's for Indicators.. . They were 3mm and 5mm diameter in those days, and became very good indicators, only Red, Orange, Yellow and Green, in the early days, but that was enough for indicators. . . I mainly used frosted white glass LED's so that if you saw colour, it was working, and not sunlight reflected of the glass ( plastic).. . . I used many in the equipment I designed, amongst just indicators, I used them to indicate the voltage in circuits, thus saving technicians using voltmeters to see if the circuit was On or Off. . . In one Power supply circuit, the LED would show Green when all was good and Red if there was a problem.
@@JamesFolkers , I'm saying that for clear writing, @garneybaker, 1 year ago, should have said "utilizing vacuum tubes" in place of "utilizing Vaccume tubes". There are no such tubes as "Vaccume" tubes. They're vacuum tubes.
Great video...Thank you! I didn't realize how much we knew about LEDs back in the 60's. Or 70s - recent, actually. Technology was mostly there, it seems... but not quite.
Yay!!!, Shows REAL current flow (NEG to POS)! Why do so many diagrams to THIS day show "conventional flow" (POS to NEG) whenever a battery (or cell) is involved?!? (Drives me nuts!) Thank you for doing it RIGHT! Earned a sub!
I first learned of LEDs in the mid- or late 60s and was fascinated as the different colors were developed and efficiency increased. I was aware of the narrow spectrum of light they produced so was excited to see the advent of the 'white' LED. Not so much to my surprise, they are actually closer to the old fluorescent lamps, with the blue energy supplied by the PN junction instead of the mercury arc. But, like the fluorescent, most of the useable light comes from the conversion supplied by the phosphor layer that mimics the colors 'temperatures' we all knew back when: Warm White, Cool White, Daylight, and everything in between. Should these be more accurately called SSFs (solid state fluorescent)?
Sounds like a good term. And I notice that some of those fluorescent materials, but not all, are a little bit phosphorescent. So, when I remove the power and look at my light, it's still glowing.
Hi sir I am India and i am a electrical engineering student i can't understand electronics so can u please help me with this subject because I don't have any knowledge about this subject please sir
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This is probably the best breakdown explanation of how diodes and LEDs work i have seen. Looking forward to using it to help electrical apprentices understand the internal workings of LED's. Thanks
I have very similar views so there is no need for a duplicate comment!
@@yousafzaiaa7453 Me too!
Me too
Same
No
I casually have seen many many videos of diodes and semi conductors, but this video is explicit and straight to the chase and I've finally understood
At the core of every LED is a combination of two materials: N-doped and P-doped semiconductors. N-doped silicon, infused with elements like arsenic, carries extra electrons, while P-doped silicon, infused with elements like gallium, is characterized by "holes" where electrons can reside. When these two materials are placed together, a small but powerful phenomenon occurs-some electrons from the N-doped side flow into the P-doped side, creating what’s called a depletion zone.
This is the best explanation of semiconductors and LEDs I've ever seen. Exceptionally well done.
Thanks!
After reading about diodes for over 50 years, I finally get it. One has to truly understand what happens at the subatomic level. What a brilliant presentation. So very well done, thank you.
That's one of the clearest descriptions of anything I've ever seen.
Underrated Content. Your clear and cogent explanation deserves more views, man. 😭
Cant believe how good explained that was. I had it played fast forward on 2x and understood every single bit. Love it
As a physics teacher I say: Grand way of explaining the basics of this phenomenon! Thank you for your great animation/ rendering! Michael B. Butter
Very educational and clear. I'm really happy to know how these work now!
I was fortunate to be a technician on a research vessel and was tasked to illuminate evenly split hard rock core samples. The area to be illuminated was only 40 mm in-depth but in order to achieve the depth of field which was specified by the design criteria, the intensity if the illumination required the light source to be very close. 100 mm. As light dissipates to the square of the distance, the very bottom illumination would have “fallen off” enough to be visually detected. As the intensity of LED’s can be increased and decreased without change in color temperatures, I was able to make an array of lights and varied the voltage to paint evenly from top to bottom. This would have been impossible with halogen, fluorescence or other types of illumination. LED lighting was key, however we had to match color temperatures of all of the lights in the array because of the lack of consistency in manufacturing. Also LED lights are extremely heat sensitive and will change color temperature over time. It is a newer technology and has its share of growing pains if accuracy and consistency is needed.
ledI make LEDs.
Hats off to you for helping me FINALLY understanding WHERE the light actually is emitted from. Fascinating.
This is seriously good science at a level and with language that I can understand. color temperature was an early problem with LED light sources. the temp was "cold" and ugly. Quite quickly, manufacturers figured out how to add contaminants to give a warmer light.
Excellent video! I've known diodes and studied them. This is gold. Thank you.
Former engineering student here... this was very nice work.
Thank you for a detailed yet easily understandable explanation.
Best Explanation I've ever heard about any kinda diode. Hats off man
that's the best description i've ever seen. Bravo
I was a project manager at EMI Research (UK) in the 1970s. One of my engineers had used one of the new green LEDs to indicate that his system had passed all fault checks. My boss, an assistant director, was appalled at the extravagance of using a green LED.
How you are still alive
@@noobda597 Don't smoke, ride a bicycle daily, inherited the right DNA. Plus I was younger than most of my engineers at EMI.
And some extremely important scientist back decades ago sad he couldn’t see the need for any more than 3 computers. 😉
ok
Or 640K of RAM@@DiHandley
as simple as it looks but details of how it actually works is complicated, salute to those great minds who invented this "everyday use" tech.
Ohh What a crystal clear explanation of electrons transitioning from Conduction band to valence band ❤from India
Hello, thanks a lot for this brilliant explanation! I finally grasped, how diodes, transistors and LEDs are working. Really excellent, this video. Greetings from France, Manfred
I make led lamp beads.
Transistors are very different, but do use two junctions, the main ones I used were n-p-n junctions so worked easier with +V supply voltages on the Collector. . . . Transistors are Current amplifiers, not Voltage amplifiers like Valves ( Tubes ) were, although modern FET Transistors are Voltage amplifiers.. . .
The simple principle of using a normal BJT transistor, the most common type. . . Is that you put + Voltage onto the Anode or Collector and due to the junctions, no current ( electrons ) flows between the Emitter to Collector.. . But If you put some +V on to the Base, then that easily causes Current to flow between the Emitter and Base, which then opens up the path for good Emitter to Collector current flow. . . . Very typically you could get about 100 times as much Current flowing between Emitter to Collector, as the Current you made between Emitter to Base.. . We call that a current Gain or Hfe
That was an enlightening video on LED’s and Diodes. Thank you for sharing.
pun intended?
Brilliant. This channel has a bright future.
This was excellent! I had watched other tutorials before but this opened my understanding! Thank you!
I forgot everything after I graduated since my current job does not require any electronic knowledge. It is a very nice recap for me.
Excellent and to the point! I'll save this video as a handy reference.
Definitely the person who explained is a best visualiser....my god ...just blown away😅🌟
extremely aesthetically pleasing animations
Best explanation i've had in this regard so far
I am in high school and to be honest we haven't learned anything about diodes yet but I wanna learn more. And this is the only video I have found that explains what leds are in more detail.
Others just assume you know what a diode is
Thanks
Do you have any questions you would like to ask me, about Diodes or Transistors. ?
I had never imagined coming across such beautiful explanation. Your effort in producing such videos can never be less than the excellence of nobility 👏👏👏
One of the best explanation ever, thanks a lot
Thanks for the well animated explanation
Very nice. It answered my question more than i expected!
That is great 😁
Reverse polarization of a PN junction can be used to vary the capacitance of the junction, turning it into a variable capacitor for radio applications.
Electrically tunable radios before Sorfware Radios used these and they were called Varactors, such as the MV204.
Now that is getting far more into electronics.. .. Yes, VeriCaps. . . Going even further, we made Parametric Amplifiers for Microwave Receivers, using that principle.. . . A parametric amplifier principle is that you feed the signal in, when the Capacitor value is high, then you effectively pull the plates apart, reducing the capacitance value, which from ½C.V² will now have to increase the Voltage across that capacitor. . . So now you have a Voltage amplifier for very small, low level signals. . :-)
Thx for the brief explanation
thank you for the clear explanation
Nice clear explanation. Thanks for all the effort you put into these. And those graphics!
Thanks I got New RUclips Channel from this video to learn more knowledge.
White light LEDs are a type of "Flourescent" light. They work the exact same way that flourescent tube lights work!
YES, that is correct, so technically they are not LED lights, but Flourescent Lights. . . . Actually the phosphor is translucent, and allows some Blue light through, so they are a combination of Blue LED's and Red/Green Flourescent lights. 🙂
great visual description!
This is a cool channel that my brain just absorbs every minute of the content.
i have been searching for this information forever. thanks for answering in such a simple video.
Any questions. ?
Okay this was so clear.. I had to subscribe. Amazing examples and explanation. My compliments.
Good animation, but the diode surface is not covered in PHOSPHORUS, it is covered in PHOSPHOR which is a completely different thing
Yes and No. . . . Correct, Basic LED's do not have any Phosphor. . . They radiate which ever colour their doping makes them work at. . . We only cover the LED with Phosphor for White light. . . The phosphor allows some Blue light through and converts some blue light to produce Red and Green light, so our eyes think it is White light.
I was skeptical with the robot voice, but this was great! Solidly animated explanation.
Sir,
Good demostration
Thank
This video is exactly what I wanted to watch.
Very neat explanation,thank you so much.
Well done, nice video.
tank you. excellent video dude.
Nice video.
That's the explanation we all wanted. Thank you so much bro
To me LED is an amazing
Electronics miracle,
the way explained
enabled me to understand the badics
so easily !
Keep it up, please.
They often eliminate the second electrode wire. The die is mounted to, in your video, the metal reflector. This becomes the negative input. The electrons pass upward to the junction and are bled off via the positive electrode wire.
I never ever saw any like that or used any like that.
It was verrry nice and helpful. thank you
Very good illustration and explained
Very good explanation . Encouragement for those who in this field.👍
You deserve more subscribers man....
hats off
I got to tell you of a little story, regarding the LED.
I was in high school at the time, taking “electronics”. We were learning the principles of amplification, rectification, and modulation, utilizing Vaccume tubes. Solid state electronics were discussed in our lectures, and the “light emitting diode” was discussed. Our instructor at the time, who had as a young man apprenticed as an electrician, and installed the first fluorescent lights in our city, stated “A very unique principle of electronics, but appears to not serve any useful purpose”. God I wish I had not listened to that lecture 😂😂😂
"Vacuum", not capitalized. ". . . utilizing vacuum tubes."
Liar.
Well he was sort of right in the 1970's . . . LED's were very low light levels, the best could carry about 6mW or 0.06W of electricity. . . . I was the first in our design centre to actually use LED's for Indicators.. . They were 3mm and 5mm diameter in those days, and became very good indicators, only Red, Orange, Yellow and Green, in the early days, but that was enough for indicators. . .
I mainly used frosted white glass LED's so that if you saw colour, it was working, and not sunlight reflected of the glass ( plastic).. . . I used many in the equipment I designed, amongst just indicators, I used them to indicate the voltage in circuits, thus saving technicians using voltmeters to see if the circuit was On or Off. . . In one Power supply circuit, the LED would show Green when all was good and Red if there was a problem.
@@b43xoitEh?
@@JamesFolkers , I'm saying that for clear writing, @garneybaker, 1 year ago, should have said "utilizing vacuum tubes" in place of "utilizing Vaccume tubes". There are no such tubes as "Vaccume" tubes. They're vacuum tubes.
Great animation and explanation well done
Beautifully explained. Thanks.
Great and much more in depth than most!
Great video...Thank you! I didn't realize how much we knew about LEDs back in the 60's. Or 70s - recent, actually. Technology was mostly there, it seems... but not quite.
beautiful presentation, the best i have seen
man, bad ass infotainment right here
very interesting videos , thank you
Great content and presentation. 🇦🇺 😊
EXCELLENT DEMONSTRATION OF LED LIGHT . Thanks .
Great exsplanation! Now tell me how this was ever figured out!!!!!😮
The best video I saw today !
Your sincerely Fereydoon shekofte
And **DARZHELFARSHELKHOPH** TO YOU
Yay!!!, Shows REAL current flow (NEG to POS)! Why do so many diagrams to THIS day show "conventional flow" (POS to NEG) whenever a battery (or cell) is involved?!? (Drives me nuts!) Thank you for doing it RIGHT! Earned a sub!
Don't look at a pc board or you may lose it. Did you know that the arrow on a real diode points in the direction of conventional current flow :)
@@ACitizenOfOurWorld Oh, yeah, I know. 🤔😖
Fantastically explained
Excellent explanation in order to all parameter considered
Best explanation ever. 👍❤
Wow! Very interesting. Thanks!
Great explanation
I first learned of LEDs in the mid- or late 60s and was fascinated as the different colors were developed and efficiency increased. I was aware of the narrow spectrum of light they produced so was excited to see the advent of the 'white' LED. Not so much to my surprise, they are actually closer to the old fluorescent lamps, with the blue energy supplied by the PN junction instead of the mercury arc. But, like the fluorescent, most of the useable light comes from the conversion supplied by the phosphor layer that mimics the colors 'temperatures' we all knew back when: Warm White, Cool White, Daylight, and everything in between. Should these be more accurately called SSFs (solid state fluorescent)?
Sounds like a good term. And I notice that some of those fluorescent materials, but not all, are a little bit phosphorescent. So, when I remove the power and look at my light, it's still glowing.
Hi sir I am India and i am a electrical engineering student i can't understand electronics so can u please help me with this subject because I don't have any knowledge about this subject please sir
Thank you! This was perfect!
Good work. Great animations. I understand LEDs now :)
Very well explained, thanks.
Nicely presented.
Amazing video! 👍👍
You are such a great orator
Very well conected topic with Animation to get to the point more compehensive ...
Super explanation!
Nice information with very greatly explaining ability. Great work.
Phosphor. Not phosphorous. Phosphorous is an element and phosphors are usually compounds. Otherwise, an extremely EXCELLENT video. Thanks!
It helped me alot
Subscription owned. Great video, thanks :)
Thank you very much for your wonderful simple explanation 🤩🌹💯
This is very helpful
i cannot understand this in my physics chapter .but one day i randomly scroll down and get this masterpiece.
thanks brother
Entirely superb! Thank-you!
Amazing explanation.😁😁
Very well done!
Thanks for the video. I enjoyed it.
Best of the best i have ever seen😊
Great explain
Amazing video, Thank you
Nice video, thanks for sharing :)