Again you manage to take something I've been struggling for years to try and understand and explain it in such an easy to digest way.. These videos should be shown in all Schools!!
Unfortunately they still only teach Newtonian physics at school. I guess they don't want the kids thinking outside the box otherwise they won't want to work at McDonalds.
I really enjoy the level of detail you put into your explanations. Your ability to put such complex topics into layman terms we can understand is impressive. I definitely follow along better without all the jargon. Some of us appreciate science, but aren't looking to earn degrees ourselves just to understand it! lol
Thanks, yes, that's exactly what I'm trying to do -- Give you enough details for you to understand it fully. Whenever possible, I try to explain the meaning of the equations rather, than derive the equations.
@@ArvinAsh But derivations in quantum physics can be very beautiful, and powerful, for proof is why, nogtwhat and how. My favourite is the derivation of the Schrodinger equation.
Arvin.... I worked as a salesman for a year. And I sold products that I hated. Now after some years studying physics I look back at my sales... I feel sorry for some. I made them a offer , and sold things I don't think is good. Now I'm teaching physics at a high school, and "selling" knowledge about physics is good. I think your videos are the best there is... ... (could and would repeat: the best) I hope your commercials stand the same quality....
You are the first and perhaps the only content creator i will pay to keep these videos free of cost for everyone. Thank you for being such a wonderful and kind educator. Truly a physics dad.
Arvin I'm really glad to see that your are getting more and more subscribers. I'm subscribed from when this channel had ~15 - 20K subscribers, and I must say that your channel is one of the most quality ones. You explain extremelly complex matter in a way that even I can understand. Wish you all the best and thank you.
Arvin you have always been able to talk about difficult subjects in physics and let us mire mortals take a look into the hardest findings possible and then help us make sense of it all. You always make my day sir. Thank God for your talent and knowledge and ability to pass it on to others.
So far, this is the best explanation on "dark matter". You practically put into perspective the fact that "dark matter" is really invisible matter. It is a misnomer and quite misleading. Thank you.
Aside from a very clear explanation, I appreciate how you give a lot of background and some of the first information recorded about a subject. A lot of videos just jump in and skip over important facts and I end up having to watch multiple videos or Google it. Thank youuu!!!
I absolutely love your channel! You cover so many good things! I would love to see an episode listing the current problems people are working on today or what other things need to be answered, and maybe even what groups or individuals are working on them. I'm sure many people that are not in physics or science professionally are curious about this, but don't even know where to look or what to ask about. Thanks again for your videos!
@@sIXXIsDesigns Well, in my 3 books in copiright the big and the small work the same, the cosmos is not much diferent than DNA through our vains so we are big made by smalls so the day they match both only then they will be right, still we know the alphabet of chemestry but ignore the language or languages that it may speak. - Every thing of course vibrates, vibrations is the resistenses that all matter oppsses to the flow of electrisity or light through matter so maybe expressed in Hz. - I used to wonder but not that much, my interest stared by a Mayan Calender that decoded by hobby i am not a math person but all my work can easely be undertood by a 6th grader kid. - I just left that mission and is good enough to understand the cosmos including the small they get well togather the puzzle structure is done in most. found that the universe is metric with 3.1416, 1.618 and much more.
@@sIXXIsDesigns every thing works about the same, like we are all about the same but each one is unique. - see: the Suns light takes 149.6 millions of Km to reach earth and 149.6 times 21 = 3141.6. - Earth around the sun does a common denominatoe too at the 21 years. they are in galaxies, the sun, and all around us all we see is the same chemestry or DNA.
There are lots of things I'm not a genius about, but here are some things that I think about when I think dark matter. -Leftover residual phenomenon from the initial conditions of the universes beginning, when anti-matter and regular matter had more significance. -Side effect of the universes expansion from dark energy, maybe even an effect from the mixing of fields and radiation for so long after the expansion. -Something similar to the mechanism which gives way to gravity, or perhaps an unknown trait of gravity itself.
Ur videos are so good Arvin. Sometimes I stray to Other channels but just end up confused and tired in the head. Ur videos make me Hungry for MORE information! MORE learning! Love it!
Mr. Ash, time and again you prove the ability to bring critical physics issues away from the complicated esoteric, and directly into the hands and minds of us "common" folks. Thank you very much.
Thanx for these videos man. I find your videos are far more clearer, exciting, entertaining than many other popular educational physics videos on youtube.
I hadn't heard that Vera had died. So long, Vera. Thank you for your many valuable contributions. You were a great scientist and an example for us all.
What if: 1) It’s just a miscalculation 2) It’s actually just matter that doesn’t interact with *visible* light 3) It’s matter in a slightly different dimension/plane of existence because of string theory’s multiple dimensions 4) It’s just too small to see through the telescope 5) The black holes at the centre are stronger than estimated *?????*
Item 1 could be correct. 2 and 4 are unlikely as there are no viable ordinary matter candidates. 3 is possible in membrane theory. 5 would not explain the steady velocity on the outer edges.
Arvin Ash thank you I hadn’t realised that. As you can probably tell I’m still in school so haven’t been learning about this so I just watch science videos (yours) to learn. I’m gonna go and watch another one of yours now 👍
hey Arvin , not sure if you read comments to your videos but I just wanted to let you know that you’ve just gained a new subscriber for life 😊 . I really love all of your content and specifically the way that you describe it . I consider myself quite well-versed in the knowledge of the things you discuss but all of the insight you provide and the WAY you provide it is really great ! thanks again from all the way down here in melbourne australia 😊
It's in 3D, like the shape of an hourglass. Note, that this is hypothetical. It's a guess based on what we think are its properties. We don't really know the shape of the halo.
@@ArvinAsh An hourglass is a much better word than an 8 haha. Thank you very much for your videos! I see that Bohr was wrong, we can found truth and clarity in the same place
I am 13 and I am listening to this. I understand this completely. I have my own theory, but I will not share it yet because I have not finished my research.
Arwin, you are the best scientific concept explainers i have ever seen. You explains things more calmly and perfectly that even normal people can understand. Your explaining way is that perfect and simple. Hope you will make more videos.😊
General relativity does work and works very well. It will always be true in the regimes it is valid in. We also know it is incomplete, as it is a classical theory that does not unify with quantum mechanics.
GR and the standard model aside, whatever DM is ,its a fact, if it did not exist galaxies would fly apart as the gravity of the normal baryonic matter is not even close to enough to hold them together. Just one example of why it must exist:/
@@TheZacdes The point is that the statement "not even close to enough to hold them together" is based on general relativity and gravity equations. It is not an undeniable truth so it is not an argument to support that DM MUST exist...
The best informative physics channel I have ever seen , sir believe me you are amazing and thank u for share your priceless knowledge with us . God bless u
From your first couple of minutes, it seems that neither light nor darkness can exist without each other. Just as Bad does not exist without a standard of Good. Very good video Arvin! Thanks for sharing this interesting subject.
I enjoy the detailed elegant explanations from a foundational perspective. It becomes obvious over time how we are so dependent on the accuracy of predetermined concepts. This leads to ever growing complexity leading to an abyss of ignorance. My favorite is Kirchoff's blackbody work, which has been completely invalidated by Dr. Pierre-Marie Robitaille. Dr. Robitaile is likely unmatched in his absolute refusal to bend the laws of physics. To the best of my knowledge no one has seriously contested this man, and he is going to single handedly sink astronomy. He has already.
10:40 so here is a literal miracle, in our maths, which already predicts things which are true, but since we "can't see the particle in our particle collider" it's a big problem. I'll tell you the real problem, that collider isn't doing the correct things to get the reading which will represent the truth. The mistake is somewhere within the technology, or how it's translated. The intense match up between theorized math, and real life, is too much of a coincidence. Super symmetry, or whatever it's polished successor will be called, is a true wonder of mathematics.
You make a very good point! The problem is that the energies needed to create the theorized supersymmetric particles are achievable by the LHC. But since 2012, nothing has been detected. However, to your point, it is possible that these darn things interact so weakly with other particles, that we can't see it even if it has been created.
Fantastic video! A pretty difficult material presented in an easy way. I’m truly impressed!! As for neutrinos, could there be a 4th neutrino that could explain the dark matter? In principle, there could be more than 3 generations of quarks and leptons in the Standard Model. The 4th generation would consist of heavy particles that simply haven’t been observed yet.
As pretty much everything has a field underlying it, its pretty certain that DE and DM have fields at their core, why we have not found the associated particles is probably because we dont have the needed power in our colliders. DM could be a very weird "thing" that is spread out over large distances, mostly within large amounts of baryonic matter accumulations. It interacts poorly with normal baryonic matter except for its gravitational effect on it. Like gravity its transparent to light of any frequency. Gravity is a very weak force, yet has a very strong effect over large distances. DE is going to be harder to find, a sort of "anti" gravitational effect. Whatever it is, its very strange! To find either of these will take a lot more energy than we have available with even our most powerful colliders. An "ocean" describes any of the quantum fields as a good analogy. It took a long time to find the Higgs, and a lot of power, but it only accounts for a part of mass. Quark confinement accounts for more.
I’m glad someone understands this stuff. I can only follow along to a certain point, then I’m just watching letters, diagrams and cool graphics with a cosmic sounding synthesizer background.
I too have seen all the major videos on this kind of stuff and even as awesome as some of my favorites like PBS Space Time/Fermilab/Veritasium/Sean Carrol are, I too came here to say that hands down, you explain it the best both visually and verbally, thank you so much for making these. Found you by your QFT video and was blown away, then Quintessence, now this; really feel like I've developed a much deeper understanding of these topics. Gonna binge watch you. Science rules, and you fkn rock dude!
Wow. This is the best explanation of dark matter on the internet. You truly do explain complex things simply, unlike that dude on PBS Space Time. As soon as he opens his mouth I'm lost. But with you, I get it. Thumbs up.
So either dark matter can be a WIMP, an Axion, or something that we just can't detect yet. My question is whatever this dark matter is made of, why haven't we discovered yet? We've done so many experiments around the world to detect dark matter, from the LHC to IceCube (icecube.wisc.edu/) , and we've still found absolutely nothing. If dark matter is a WIMP or an Axion, don't you think we should've discovered it by now? :/ Also, gotta point out that this is a great video for explaining dark matter, very clear. Thanks Arvin! :)
It's because they're just a predicted invented solutions to bigger unsolved mysteries. And that's how science works. You come across a phenomenon that is unexplained. You want to explain and measure it purely in terms of mathematics. When you cant do so, it becomes a problem to be solved. You then find surrounding theories to see what's missing and the missing pieces are either invented to match characteristics or you predict values. Call dibs on these predicted values and fund millions to produce experiments that research on this to confirm them. Along the research you either confirm your dibs or find something else that solves/ confirms another theory.
It could just be a charged area of space that is large enough to create a gravitational field, much like when you rub a balloon and hold it next to your hair
Ahh yes, you have to take advanced physics to really get this one. I was debating whether to even put this equation on this video. Essentially, theta could have varied anywhere from -pi to +pi based on the possibilities, but it didn't. It is very close to zero. And no one knows why is zero. The field proposal is a possible solution.
I think I figured it out. Space itself is like a flat piece of paper, planets , stars all rest on top of this paper. The larger the objects mass, the further those objects embed themselves into the sheet of paper that is space, and even eventually when an objects mass is so great that the object tares a whole through space (flat sheet that is space) to the other side. As for Dark Matter, well that's what's on the other side. It would appear that space does not attract objects into itself, but rather whats on the other side that is trying to pull objects through space itself (since black holes (the other side of space) is where all matter ends up residing , aside perhaps photons i.e. mass-less objects)
@@ArvinAsh so you don't believe this is any type of simulation? Or a hologram projected from a 2D surface? It seems like both ideas are irrefutable to me. It appears as if all life on earth is programmed to me.
@Enigma You have no way of knowing you're not in one and can't prove that you're in a non-simulated/"natural existence". So, that doesn't advance the discussion. Bostrom and Musk and other intellectuals propose the argument. I just happen to collect all information(which is what everything is anyways, just information coded in a physical reality) and wonder if that's how it things fundamentally are. I see fine tuning everywhere in this existence which leads me to believe none of it was accidental or "natural phenomenon".
I agree with the general concept of you statement, but how come a flawed theory is a good theory?... Thanks to this "flawed theory", which is called the STANDARD MODEL, Astrophysics has not had any major breakthrough since Einstein. The development of the science is at full stop.
@@tomasramirez4985 classical mechanics is a flawed theory but at low speeds and large scales it makes accurate predictions that have been well tested. The same is true for general relativity and the standard model as they are remarkably consistent and enable us to accurately predict outcomes at their respective scales. Yes we know that neither can be fundamental but they are useful. Without general relativity GPS satellites would not work due to giving incorrect ballooning errors, without quantum mechanics and the standard model transistors and thus modern computers would not exist. You directly benefit from the technologies made possible by these theories which is the best evidence that they are good theories even if "flawed".
If dark matter is just a "fudge factor," then why do we see a few galaxies that seem to have little or none of it? If our theory were wrong, you'd expect to see every galaxy defy our calculations, yet IRL a few select ones seem to behave like we'd expect them to.
@@tomasramirez4985 A model not so standard they missing the 4th gear that is the basement of the model: GRAVITY thats why they cant go any way from it, the standard model soon will be out taking with them most of the basement that is GR.
Dark matter is not a partical. In order to make gravity out of information entropy, this information entropy locally decreases. This lower state of information entropy is what is dark matter. Now I'm not sure if I'm explaining Erik Verlinde's theory correctly here, but in layman's terms that is about it.
Neither you or Erik knows this. He's proposing a different explanation, but it isn't any more proven than the more conventional ones. So saying it IS or ISN'T just makes you look stupid.
Sometimes I see and hear every word you said and when the video ends I wonder..what did he just say. But with all the insight and knowledge you know and share I found it hilarious when you said you couldn’t remember your passwords. I guess I best get my neutrinos aligned between my ears and shed some light on the dark matter. Keep it up, I truly enjoy your sharing.
Haha. I truly can not remember any of my passwords. This is not only because I don't have a great memory for non trivial stuff, but because the passwords are nonsense combinations of letters and symbols.
Well, it gives me a chance to interact in real time with viewers, which I enjoy, and hope they enjoy it too. But, if enough fans agree with you and your comment gets a lot of likes, I will consider it.
My two new favourite things to explain DM and DE are GR field self-interactions (by Alexandre Deur) and Quantised Inertia (by Mike McCulloch): The first theory proposes that the usual picture of gravitational field lines going out from a galaxy in straight lines, equally spread in all directions is incorrect, because we are not including the effects of gravitational field self-interactions. The mass distribution in galaxies causes the gravitational field lines to curve and concentrate towards the galactic plane, affecting the galactic rims. Near the galactic core, the lines follow the Newtonian curve (1/r^2 dependence), but past certain radius, the field lines bend towards the galactic rim (1/r dependence). The gravitational field gets denser on the galactic plane, and thiner near the galactic axis, so there's more gravity available at the galactic rims, without needing more mass there (because the gravitational field got bent near the core). This explains the anomalous galactic rotation curves without adding Dark Matter, and the puzzling relation between Dark Matter and the baryonic content of a galaxy. It can also explain Dark Energy as the removal of gravitational field lines from galactic axes, leaving these areas with less gravity than expected: "Relativistic corrections to the rotation curves of disk galaxies" arxiv.org/abs/2004.05905 "An explanation for dark matter and dark energy consistent with the standard model of particle physics and General Relativity" link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7393-0 The second theory states that the inertia of any object depends on the information it has about the rest of the universe (Mach's principle). For any object, there's a natural cosmic horizon at the Hubble distance, but also, any object accelerating would experience another horizon (Rindler horizon) much, much closer than that on its back. These horizons restrict what information the object has about the universe, and what wave oscillations are possible inside the "cavity" formed by them. Inertia is a kind of Casimir effect, with the cosmic horizon and the Rindler horizon being the "virtual plates" for the "cavity" that contains all the information of the universe for the accelerating object. From this mechanism, it follows that for any object, there's always a minimum amount of acceleration. Its value is, precisely, the acceleration used in MOND theories, so it explains the galactic rotation anomaly without Dark Matter: Quantised Inertia explained: ruclips.net/video/wE6_V7dO2VM/видео.html McCulloch blog (and book about the theory): physicsfromtheedge.blogspot.com/ Both theories provide a sound physical mechanism for DM, and predict or derive the correct values for accelerations and curves without needing any ad-hoc parameters, fittings, adjustments or exotic matter distributions.
This stuff is riveting. I know of a scientist who has measured and is busy working on dark matter stuff. All i can say is that i am ecstatic to be kept abreast by him directly off things as he is doing his experiments. He has invented so many things and holds a ton of patents used in aircraft and many other industries and he is 88. Its the most exited i have ever been in my life as what he is busy with is affecting time....measurably slowing it down.
Amazing video as always Arvin..I think you are right, we might not have the right tools to detect it..I Think its in another dimension for which we need other tools to detect it
Question about susy too, there is one thing I noticed in my quest in physics, when we think a particle has a twin, ALL particles must have a twin. We've done that with antimatter, everything must've had an antimatter twin, except bosons. Now we invented supersymmetric particles, so every single particle we can think off, must have a supersymmetric twin, but including bosons now. What if, it's just the neutrinos that happen to have a supersymmetric twin, that we just have to make an extra group called "darkons" which have the neutrinos and their supersymmetric twins, and perhaps they work just like quarks do, 2 neutrinos and one supersymmetric neutrino make a dark matter positive charged particle, and 2 supersymmetric neutrinos and a neutrino make a neutrally charged dark matter particle, or perhaps the other way around, instead of a positively charged dark matter particle, a negatively charged and a neutrally charged dark matter particle? I'm just thinking out loud here. Is that a possibility, supersymmetric but a very select part of the standard model is supersymmetric?
I used to watch the foam swirl on top of my instant coffee back in the day and noticed it looked not just a little like a galaxy, but exactly like one, with the outer edge rotating in sync with the center because it was floating on a "dark" medium, in this case the coffee.
I enjoy your videos! The only thing I would like to know is what is setting the boundaries of dark matter? What's keeping it not very dense near a lot of mass/matter (center of a galaxy) and more abundant near the edges? It seems almost like this dark matter is being slightly repelled from mass/matter itself. And because of this repelling force it's making these edges of galaxies move faster. Since there is SO MUCH dark matter and F=ma then the dark matter would not have to speed up very much due to having a low acceleration and high mass where as normal matter could experience a greater acceleration due to its relative low mass.
Great question! The boundaries that I show in the video is more for illustration purposes. There likely isn't a hard boundary since the particles interact so weakly. Having said that, since they do interact through gravity, they are going to be more around the galaxies than in empty space. As to why there is more on the edges than in the center, I don't quite understand this myself.
Dark matter is less close to the center of the galaxy and more where the gravity is less . The space expands more where is less gravity and but also where is less dark matter and it accelerates even more where is less gravity but I believe that where is close to no gravity, the dark matter also decreases. There is more dark matter when there is a certain amount of gravity . If it is too much or too little gravity the dark matter decreases ! Real vacuum expand exponentially the distances between clusters of galaxies if they are too far appart from one another and those who are close to one another are held together by their gravity if they are close to one another. In the end there will be less and less gravity between those clusters and the expansion of the universe will be faster and faster and it will surpass the speed of light and we will not be able to observe other clusters of galaxies. Our local group of galaxies will merge into a super galaxy and it will be the only thing that we can see !
@@ArvinAsh Arvin Ash Thank you for the reply! I appreciate your honest answer and not being afraid to say what we dont know. I do understand that there is no physical boundaries because of the weak interactions. Yet its questions like these that keep me awake at night.
I am not a student of physics, but I enjoy the subject. Thank you for introducing mathematical expressions whenever possible. My question is this: In minute 7.57 you say that neutrinos are very light and fast, so they cannot be dark matter, as they would smooth out ordinary matter in the universe and no structures would form. Not clear why neutrinos would prevent ordinary matter from clumping. I watched video on neutrinos but did not help.
Thank you sir for this amazing explanation of this advanced topic.. Sir If you don't mind then can you tell something about your education and specialised subjects?? Please..
Again you manage to take something I've been struggling for years to try and understand and explain it in such an easy to digest way.. These videos should be shown in all Schools!!
to show kids that all we know of the cosmos is what?
So your brainwashing has finally reached the lie levels the scientists are telling us and you now understand something that doesnt exist.
Good job!
Unfortunately they still only teach Newtonian physics at school. I guess they don't want the kids thinking outside the box otherwise they won't want to work at McDonalds.
I really enjoy the level of detail you put into your explanations. Your ability to put such complex topics into layman terms we can understand is impressive. I definitely follow along better without all the jargon. Some of us appreciate science, but aren't looking to earn degrees ourselves just to understand it! lol
Thanks, yes, that's exactly what I'm trying to do -- Give you enough details for you to understand it fully. Whenever possible, I try to explain the meaning of the equations rather, than derive the equations.
I very much agree thank you Arvin
@@ArvinAsh yhsrm. Thanks wax zee q,mlreaf gwà uy 0⁷⁷kn
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@@ArvinAsh But derivations in quantum physics can be very beautiful, and powerful, for proof is why, nogtwhat and how. My favourite is the derivation of the Schrodinger equation.
Arvin.... I worked as a salesman for a year. And I sold products that I hated. Now after some years studying physics I look back at my sales... I feel sorry for some. I made them a offer , and sold things I don't think is good. Now I'm teaching physics at a high school, and "selling" knowledge about physics is good.
I think your videos are the best there is... ... (could and would repeat: the best)
I hope your commercials stand the same quality....
One of the best channels on YT
Hahahaa maybe you should ask tinker bell what her fairy dust made from i think its the same as your "magical" dark matter.. You people are a joke.
EU
ruclips.net/video/3TWpPrcl0WY/видео.html
@BBB H I agree with you except pbs spcaetime doesn't dumb it down..But I agree pbs spacetimes few videos are complicated to understand...
I'm a big fan too.
Yeah but sooo underrated. I actually think this channel is better than PBS space time
You are the first and perhaps the only content creator i will pay to keep these videos free of cost for everyone. Thank you for being such a wonderful and kind educator. Truly a physics dad.
THE best explanation on dark matter theory I've ever seen.. amazing
Shouldnt it be dark gravity? Doesnt matter interact with stuff like light and other matter by definition?
Arvin, this really rounds up the arguments and explanations. Concise and easier to understand than most. Well done. Keep on.
Arvin I'm really glad to see that your are getting more and more subscribers. I'm subscribed from when this channel had ~15 - 20K subscribers, and I must say that your channel is one of the most quality ones. You explain extremelly complex matter in a way that even I can understand. Wish you all the best and thank you.
Thanks for being a long time fan my friend. I appreciate it.
Arvin you have always been able to talk about difficult subjects in physics and let us mire mortals take a look into the hardest findings possible and then help us make sense of it all. You always make my day sir. Thank God for your talent and knowledge and ability to pass it on to others.
Excellent in so many ways. It can’t be easy to edit something like this or to acquire the visuals. Thank you for the extreme effort.
So far, this is the best explanation on "dark matter". You practically put into perspective the fact that "dark matter" is really invisible matter. It is a misnomer and quite misleading. Thank you.
Aside from a very clear explanation, I appreciate how you give a lot of background and some of the first information recorded about a subject. A lot of videos just jump in and skip over important facts and I end up having to watch multiple videos or Google it. Thank youuu!!!
You're very welcome!
I absolutely love your channel! You cover so many good things! I would love to see an episode listing the current problems people are working on today or what other things need to be answered, and maybe even what groups or individuals are working on them. I'm sure many people that are not in physics or science professionally are curious about this, but don't even know where to look or what to ask about. Thanks again for your videos!
I wish I was smart enough to understand all of the fine details. It's such a fascinating subject matter. I love your videos Arvin!
@@sIXXIsDesigns Or something is wrong the way they see it.
@@sIXXIsDesigns Well, in my 3 books in copiright the big and the small work the same, the cosmos is not much diferent than DNA through our vains so we are big made by smalls so the day they match both only then they will be right, still we know the alphabet of chemestry but ignore the language or languages that it may speak. - Every thing of course vibrates, vibrations is the resistenses that all matter oppsses to the flow of electrisity or light through matter so maybe expressed in Hz. - I used to wonder but not that much, my interest stared by a Mayan Calender that decoded by hobby i am not a math person but all my work can easely be undertood by a 6th grader kid. - I just left that mission and is good enough to understand the cosmos including the small they get well togather the puzzle structure is done in most. found that the universe is metric with 3.1416, 1.618 and much more.
@@sIXXIsDesigns This numbers are in nature all over in Iin to many ways. - if you mean geometry. to me is all over as well.
@@sIXXIsDesigns every thing works about the same, like we are all about the same but each one is unique. - see: the Suns light takes 149.6 millions of Km to reach earth and 149.6 times 21 = 3141.6. - Earth around the sun does a common denominatoe too at the 21 years.
they are in galaxies, the sun, and all around us all we see is the same chemestry or DNA.
@@sIXXIsDesigns Take a look to my hannel and find out that everything is a HOLOGRAM kind of.
What's the matter? It's Mostly Dark!
Physics are in the DARK AGE.
@Muslimcel hahaha
@Muslimcel so do you think that God is evenly distributed throughout the whole universe...
That means God is in our milky way galaxy... Wow
It's mostly TRANSPARENT, and it mostly doesnt exist. Its SF matter, theres no proof whatsoever that it exists.
Science has nothing to do with God or any imaginary friend one has in our mind.
You make this stuff so easy to understand because everything just clicks when you describe Physics and it's unlike any other
There are lots of things I'm not a genius about, but here are some things that I think about when I think dark matter.
-Leftover residual phenomenon from the initial conditions of the universes beginning, when anti-matter and regular matter had more significance.
-Side effect of the universes expansion from dark energy, maybe even an effect from the mixing of fields and radiation for so long after the expansion.
-Something similar to the mechanism which gives way to gravity, or perhaps an unknown trait of gravity itself.
Ur videos are so good Arvin. Sometimes I stray to Other channels but just end up confused and tired in the head. Ur videos make me Hungry for MORE information! MORE learning! Love it!
Good to have you my friend. Stay curious. And thanks for watching.
How have i only just now found this channel? Been binching it all day today
Man, I wish I had more professors like you when I was back in the school!
Arvin: you are by far the best at explaining concepts and theories to laymen like me.... Thank you..
I like how he doesn't yell at us- he has a nice, calm tone!
The way you say "that's coming up, rrriiight now," gets me pumped everytime.
😅😅😅
Mr. Ash, time and again you prove the ability to bring critical physics issues away from the complicated esoteric, and directly into the hands and minds of us "common" folks. Thank you very much.
Thank you for making such a complex and fascinating topic so accessible!
Thanx for these videos man. I find your videos are far more clearer, exciting, entertaining than many other popular educational physics videos on youtube.
I hadn't heard that Vera had died. So long, Vera. Thank you for your many valuable contributions. You were a great scientist and an example for us all.
What if:
1) It’s just a miscalculation
2) It’s actually just matter that doesn’t interact with *visible* light
3) It’s matter in a slightly different dimension/plane of existence because of string theory’s multiple dimensions
4) It’s just too small to see through the telescope
5) The black holes at the centre are stronger than estimated
*?????*
Item 1 could be correct. 2 and 4 are unlikely as there are no viable ordinary matter candidates. 3 is possible in membrane theory. 5 would not explain the steady velocity on the outer edges.
Arvin Ash thank you I hadn’t realised that. As you can probably tell I’m still in school so haven’t been learning about this so I just watch science videos (yours) to learn. I’m gonna go and watch another one of yours now 👍
I bet its number 3
hey Arvin , not sure if you read comments to your videos but I just wanted to let you know that you’ve just gained a new subscriber for life 😊 . I really love all of your content and specifically the way that you describe it .
I consider myself quite well-versed in the knowledge of the things you discuss but all of the insight you provide and the WAY you provide it is really great !
thanks again from all the way down here in melbourne australia 😊
Welcome aboard my friend! Good to have you.
Finally -- a good explanation of "axions" !! Thank you
Is the halo like a sphere? Or like an 8?
It's in 3D, like the shape of an hourglass. Note, that this is hypothetical. It's a guess based on what we think are its properties. We don't really know the shape of the halo.
@@ArvinAsh An hourglass is a much better word than an 8 haha. Thank you very much for your videos! I see that Bohr was wrong, we can found truth and clarity in the same place
That picture of Fritz Zwicky is perfect lol.
Yeah :) I'm glad he finally did get his point across even posthumously.
I am 13 and I am listening to this. I understand this completely. I have my own theory, but I will not share it yet because I have not finished my research.
Good lad. Go for it. Old UK medic here :)
excellent explanation, like all other Arvin's videos
I still don't understand why something exists rather than nothing. I'll always wait for your videos about biggest question of human civilization
"What is dark matter made of?"
That's easy, it's made of pixie dust and ground up unicorn horns.
More like PIXEL dust... and horny unicorns!
Arwin, you are the best scientific concept explainers i have ever seen. You explains things more calmly and perfectly that even normal people can understand. Your explaining way is that perfect and simple. Hope you will make more videos.😊
Had to rewatch this a few times to understand it wish I was smart enough to know the details but awesome video stated things very clearly!
This channel is amazing! I only understand about 80% of it so I like that some of your episodes overlap
What if dark matter is indeed just an invention to "make" general relativity work?
Could be. Next video will address this.
General relativity does work and works very well. It will always be true in the regimes it is valid in. We also know it is incomplete, as it is a classical theory that does not unify with quantum mechanics.
GR and the standard model aside, whatever DM is ,its a fact, if it did not exist galaxies would fly apart as the gravity of the normal baryonic matter is not even close to enough to hold them together. Just one example of why it must exist:/
@@TheZacdes The point is that the statement "not even close to enough to hold them together" is based on general relativity and gravity equations. It is not an undeniable truth so it is not an argument to support that DM MUST exist...
It is just that.
The best informative physics channel I have ever seen , sir believe me you are amazing and thank u for share your priceless knowledge with us . God bless u
i wish you millions of subscribers
I can’t get over how amazing these videos are.
From your first couple of minutes, it seems that neither light nor darkness can exist without each other. Just as Bad does not exist without a standard of Good.
Very good video Arvin!
Thanks for sharing this interesting subject.
i liked how you also explained the symmetry and also the particle part
thankyou
Wow great explanation, space is absolutely mind boggling but amazing at the same time.
I enjoy the detailed elegant explanations from a foundational perspective. It becomes obvious over time how we are so dependent on the accuracy of predetermined concepts. This leads to ever growing complexity leading to an abyss of ignorance. My favorite is Kirchoff's blackbody work, which has been completely invalidated by Dr. Pierre-Marie Robitaille. Dr. Robitaile is likely unmatched in his absolute refusal to bend the laws of physics. To the best of my knowledge no one has seriously contested this man, and he is going to single handedly sink astronomy. He has already.
10:40 so here is a literal miracle, in our maths, which already predicts things which are true, but since we "can't see the particle in our particle collider" it's a big problem. I'll tell you the real problem, that collider isn't doing the correct things to get the reading which will represent the truth. The mistake is somewhere within the technology, or how it's translated. The intense match up between theorized math, and real life, is too much of a coincidence. Super symmetry, or whatever it's polished successor will be called, is a true wonder of mathematics.
You make a very good point! The problem is that the energies needed to create the theorized supersymmetric particles are achievable by the LHC. But since 2012, nothing has been detected. However, to your point, it is possible that these darn things interact so weakly with other particles, that we can't see it even if it has been created.
exactly 👌👌
Your show is really good. You can break down complex physics in a very understandable way and I appreciate that . Thank you.
Fantastic video! A pretty difficult material presented in an easy way. I’m truly impressed!! As for neutrinos, could there be a 4th neutrino that could explain the dark matter? In principle, there could be more than 3 generations of quarks and leptons in the Standard Model. The 4th generation would consist of heavy particles that simply haven’t been observed yet.
it's possible. There is just no evidence for it currently though, so we are trying to fit dark matter within what is currently known.
Arvin Ash should get a Nobel Prize just for being able to translate this advanced physics into English.
It's a field. Light passes through it. You said it. It's an ocean.
As pretty much everything has a field underlying it, its pretty certain that DE and DM have fields at their core, why we have not found the associated particles is probably because we dont have the needed power in our colliders. DM could be a very weird "thing" that is spread out over large distances, mostly within large amounts of baryonic matter accumulations. It interacts poorly with normal baryonic matter except for its gravitational effect on it. Like gravity its transparent to light of any frequency. Gravity is a very weak force, yet has a very strong effect over large distances. DE is going to be harder to find, a sort of "anti" gravitational effect. Whatever it is, its very strange! To find either of these will take a lot more energy than we have available with even our most powerful colliders. An "ocean" describes any of the quantum fields as a good analogy. It took a long time to find the Higgs, and a lot of power, but it only accounts for a part of mass. Quark confinement accounts for more.
I’m glad someone understands this stuff. I can only follow along to a certain point, then I’m just watching letters, diagrams and cool graphics with a cosmic sounding synthesizer background.
I appreciate you and love you for this trial
I too have seen all the major videos on this kind of stuff and even as awesome as some of my favorites like PBS Space Time/Fermilab/Veritasium/Sean Carrol are, I too came here to say that hands down, you explain it the best both visually and verbally, thank you so much for making these. Found you by your QFT video and was blown away, then Quintessence, now this; really feel like I've developed a much deeper understanding of these topics. Gonna binge watch you. Science rules, and you fkn rock dude!
Glad you enjoyed it! I appreciate your kind words.
Yes he and Anton are great. Wonder his education.
Nice work. My gut feel is no dark matter. Something else at work here.
You'll like next week's video then, "why dark matter may not be "matter" at all."
Wow. This is the best explanation of dark matter on the internet. You truly do explain complex things simply, unlike that dude on PBS Space Time. As soon as he opens his mouth I'm lost. But with you, I get it. Thumbs up.
So either dark matter can be a WIMP, an Axion, or something that we just can't detect yet. My question is whatever this dark matter is made of, why haven't we discovered yet? We've done so many experiments around the world to detect dark matter, from the LHC to IceCube (icecube.wisc.edu/) , and we've still found absolutely nothing. If dark matter is a WIMP or an Axion, don't you think we should've discovered it by now? :/
Also, gotta point out that this is a great video for explaining dark matter, very clear. Thanks Arvin! :)
It's because they're just a predicted invented solutions to bigger unsolved mysteries. And that's how science works. You come across a phenomenon that is unexplained. You want to explain and measure it purely in terms of mathematics. When you cant do so, it becomes a problem to be solved. You then find surrounding theories to see what's missing and the missing pieces are either invented to match characteristics or you predict values. Call dibs on these predicted values and fund millions to produce experiments that research on this to confirm them.
Along the research you either confirm your dibs or find something else that solves/ confirms another theory.
When you say "coming up right now" - the most brilliant ❤
IF dark matter doesn't interact with each other, then DOESN'T it means that Dark matter can't form clump?? 👀
Yes, it doesn't clump, and is likely smooth. However its gravitational effects affects ordinary matter.
@@ArvinAsh sounds interesting. 💫
The universe is full of wonders. 💖
It could just be a charged area of space that is large enough to create a gravitational field, much like when you rub a balloon and hold it next to your hair
@Rata 4U EVery mystery has an answer...
Let's be optimistic about the future.😊✌
Dear Mr. Arvin Ash. You are great and this is a great video also, as every time.
Well, if you did, you would have broken causality, because we just finished making the video yesterday.
who likes spaghetti? - - I am not a Tycoon.
If theta is a constant
Then why does it value vary from -pi to +pi
Ahh yes, you have to take advanced physics to really get this one. I was debating whether to even put this equation on this video. Essentially, theta could have varied anywhere from -pi to +pi based on the possibilities, but it didn't. It is very close to zero. And no one knows why is zero. The field proposal is a possible solution.
I think I figured it out. Space itself is like a flat piece of paper, planets , stars all rest on top of this paper. The larger the objects mass, the further those objects embed themselves into the sheet of paper that is space, and even eventually when an objects mass is so great that the object tares a whole through space (flat sheet that is space) to the other side. As for Dark Matter, well that's what's on the other side. It would appear that space does not attract objects into itself, but rather whats on the other side that is trying to pull objects through space itself (since black holes (the other side of space) is where all matter ends up residing , aside perhaps photons i.e. mass-less objects)
Interesting metaphor.
This man blows my mind a little more every video.
Dark matter and dark energy has created the universe.
Yep, they both played a large role.
@@ArvinAsh Arvin, are we in a holographic simulation?
@@jayrodriguez84 I don't think so.
@@ArvinAsh so you don't believe this is any type of simulation? Or a hologram projected from a 2D surface? It seems like both ideas are irrefutable to me. It appears as if all life on earth is programmed to me.
@Enigma You have no way of knowing you're not in one and can't prove that you're in a non-simulated/"natural existence". So, that doesn't advance the discussion. Bostrom and Musk and other intellectuals propose the argument. I just happen to collect all information(which is what everything is anyways, just information coded in a physical reality) and wonder if that's how it things fundamentally are. I see fine tuning everywhere in this existence which leads me to believe none of it was accidental or "natural phenomenon".
Cheers Arvin, been mystified about the issue!
Very clear & understandable. Gratitude!
dark matter is a mathematical patch for a good but flawed theory.
I agree with the general concept of you statement, but how come a flawed theory is a good theory?... Thanks to this "flawed theory", which is called the STANDARD MODEL, Astrophysics has not had any major breakthrough since Einstein. The development of the science is at full stop.
@@tomasramirez4985 it is good in a sense that it is working for what we do at our scale. it is useful to us and helped us achieve a lot.
@@tomasramirez4985 classical mechanics is a flawed theory but at low speeds and large scales it makes accurate predictions that have been well tested. The same is true for general relativity and the standard model as they are remarkably consistent and enable us to accurately predict outcomes at their respective scales.
Yes we know that neither can be fundamental but they are useful. Without general relativity GPS satellites would not work due to giving incorrect ballooning errors, without quantum mechanics and the standard model transistors and thus modern computers would not exist. You directly benefit from the technologies made possible by these theories which is the best evidence that they are good theories even if "flawed".
If dark matter is just a "fudge factor," then why do we see a few galaxies that seem to have little or none of it? If our theory were wrong, you'd expect to see every galaxy defy our calculations, yet IRL a few select ones seem to behave like we'd expect them to.
@@tomasramirez4985 A model not so standard they missing the 4th gear that is the basement of the model: GRAVITY thats why they cant go any way from it, the standard model soon will be out taking with them most of the basement that is GR.
Dark matter is not a partical. In order to make gravity out of information entropy, this information entropy locally decreases. This lower state of information entropy is what is dark matter. Now I'm not sure if I'm explaining Erik Verlinde's theory correctly here, but in layman's terms that is about it.
Neither you or Erik knows this. He's proposing a different explanation, but it isn't any more proven than the more conventional ones. So saying it IS or ISN'T just makes you look stupid.
@@nihlify off course I don't know this. But by making a bold statement I hope to interest some of the comment readers in other ideas than particles.
It's popular because axion is so clean
Lol
Hands down the best channel on RUclips!!!!!! Outstanding material in every video!!!!
My gut feeling tells me that this is the real McCoy. But my stupid brain isn't smart enough to get the fine print.
Sometimes I see and hear every word you said and when the video ends I wonder..what did he just say. But with all the insight and knowledge you know and share I found it hilarious when you said you couldn’t remember your passwords. I guess I best get my neutrinos aligned between my ears and shed some light on the dark matter. Keep it up, I truly enjoy your sharing.
Haha. I truly can not remember any of my passwords. This is not only because I don't have a great memory for non trivial stuff, but because the passwords are nonsense combinations of letters and symbols.
What’s the matter? It’s so dark!
I like the way you explain things. They make me think.
THE HALO THAT galaxies have are part of the electromagnetism that all matter posses.
Same thing makes light bend, the picture is shown flat but it is like a eel fish.
Your analogies really help understand, better than my professor that for sure. Cheers
Cant wait..🤣
Your channel is severely underrated my friend..
No such thing as Dark Matter.....it's all explained even predicted in the Electric Universe.....people just need to f****** wake up !!
Like this guy a lot. Great teacher, likeable personality.
Please don't keep premieres. It's very annoying
Why? Premieres are fine
What r u talkin about, i love premieres
Well, it gives me a chance to interact in real time with viewers, which I enjoy, and hope they enjoy it too. But, if enough fans agree with you and your comment gets a lot of likes, I will consider it.
What are you talking about? Premieres are fun. We get to talk with Arvin live. If you don't like it don't come for the premiere
The premieres are finde. He would upload it anyway, now people just have the chance to get a live chat with Ash.
My two new favourite things to explain DM and DE are GR field self-interactions (by Alexandre Deur) and Quantised Inertia (by Mike McCulloch):
The first theory proposes that the usual picture of gravitational field lines going out from a galaxy in straight lines, equally spread in all directions is incorrect, because we are not including the effects of gravitational field self-interactions. The mass distribution in galaxies causes the gravitational field lines to curve and concentrate towards the galactic plane, affecting the galactic rims. Near the galactic core, the lines follow the Newtonian curve (1/r^2 dependence), but past certain radius, the field lines bend towards the galactic rim (1/r dependence). The gravitational field gets denser on the galactic plane, and thiner near the galactic axis, so there's more gravity available at the galactic rims, without needing more mass there (because the gravitational field got bent near the core). This explains the anomalous galactic rotation curves without adding Dark Matter, and the puzzling relation between Dark Matter and the baryonic content of a galaxy. It can also explain Dark Energy as the removal of gravitational field lines from galactic axes, leaving these areas with less gravity than expected:
"Relativistic corrections to the rotation curves of disk galaxies"
arxiv.org/abs/2004.05905
"An explanation for dark matter and dark energy consistent with the standard model of particle physics and General Relativity"
link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7393-0
The second theory states that the inertia of any object depends on the information it has about the rest of the universe (Mach's principle). For any object, there's a natural cosmic horizon at the Hubble distance, but also, any object accelerating would experience another horizon (Rindler horizon) much, much closer than that on its back. These horizons restrict what information the object has about the universe, and what wave oscillations are possible inside the "cavity" formed by them. Inertia is a kind of Casimir effect, with the cosmic horizon and the Rindler horizon being the "virtual plates" for the "cavity" that contains all the information of the universe for the accelerating object. From this mechanism, it follows that for any object, there's always a minimum amount of acceleration. Its value is, precisely, the acceleration used in MOND theories, so it explains the galactic rotation anomaly without Dark Matter:
Quantised Inertia explained:
ruclips.net/video/wE6_V7dO2VM/видео.html
McCulloch blog (and book about the theory):
physicsfromtheedge.blogspot.com/
Both theories provide a sound physical mechanism for DM, and predict or derive the correct values for accelerations and curves without needing any ad-hoc parameters, fittings, adjustments or exotic matter distributions.
Great channel. Such well thought out explanations for the material being presented.
This stuff is riveting. I know of a scientist who has measured and is busy working on dark matter stuff. All i can say is that i am ecstatic to be kept abreast by him directly off things as he is doing his experiments. He has invented so many things and holds a ton of patents used in aircraft and many other industries and he is 88. Its the most exited i have ever been in my life as what he is busy with is affecting time....measurably slowing it down.
Great video, the detailing is so nice
Amazing video as always Arvin..I think you are right, we might not have the right tools to detect it..I Think its in another dimension for which we need other tools to detect it
I always like the Arvin Ash videos. Great.
Thank sir for your videos about fundamental questions of physics
Question about susy too, there is one thing I noticed in my quest in physics, when we think a particle has a twin, ALL particles must have a twin. We've done that with antimatter, everything must've had an antimatter twin, except bosons. Now we invented supersymmetric particles, so every single particle we can think off, must have a supersymmetric twin, but including bosons now.
What if, it's just the neutrinos that happen to have a supersymmetric twin, that we just have to make an extra group called "darkons" which have the neutrinos and their supersymmetric twins, and perhaps they work just like quarks do, 2 neutrinos and one supersymmetric neutrino make a dark matter positive charged particle, and 2 supersymmetric neutrinos and a neutrino make a neutrally charged dark matter particle, or perhaps the other way around, instead of a positively charged dark matter particle, a negatively charged and a neutrally charged dark matter particle? I'm just thinking out loud here. Is that a possibility, supersymmetric but a very select part of the standard model is supersymmetric?
This is why I watch Arvin and not pbs space time
You are a really nice guy and I know that has nothing to do with the subject but I tell you it makes the whole thing go down easier much easier.
Arvin- Just today there was an article in Nature , a Dr. Burch discovered a kind of axial Higgs with magnetic moment could be candidate
I heard about that. Need to read up on it.
I used to watch the foam swirl on top of my instant coffee back in the day and noticed it looked not just a little like a galaxy, but exactly like one, with the outer edge rotating in sync with the center because it was floating on a "dark" medium, in this case the coffee.
Interesting observation!
I enjoy your videos! The only thing I would like to know is what is setting the boundaries of dark matter? What's keeping it not very dense near a lot of mass/matter (center of a galaxy) and more abundant near the edges? It seems almost like this dark matter is being slightly repelled from mass/matter itself. And because of this repelling force it's making these edges of galaxies move faster. Since there is SO MUCH dark matter and F=ma then the dark matter would not have to speed up very much due to having a low acceleration and high mass where as normal matter could experience a greater acceleration due to its relative low mass.
Great question! The boundaries that I show in the video is more for illustration purposes. There likely isn't a hard boundary since the particles interact so weakly. Having said that, since they do interact through gravity, they are going to be more around the galaxies than in empty space. As to why there is more on the edges than in the center, I don't quite understand this myself.
Dark matter is less close to the center of the galaxy and more where the gravity is less . The space expands more where is less gravity and but also where is less dark matter and it accelerates even more where is less gravity but I believe that where is close to no gravity, the dark matter also decreases. There is more dark matter when there is a certain amount of gravity . If it is too much or too little gravity the dark matter decreases ! Real vacuum expand exponentially the distances between clusters of galaxies if they are too far appart from one another and those who are close to one another are held together by their gravity if they are close to one another. In the end there will be less and less gravity between those clusters and the expansion of the universe will be faster and faster and it will surpass the speed of light and we will not be able to observe other clusters of galaxies. Our local group of galaxies will merge into a super galaxy and it will be the only thing that we can see !
@@ArvinAsh Arvin Ash Thank you for the reply! I appreciate your honest answer and not being afraid to say what we dont know. I do understand that there is no physical boundaries because of the weak interactions. Yet its questions like these that keep me awake at night.
You have good videos that I really enjoyed watching. and some more complicated, almost boring ones too. But, This is one of the good videos. Well done
I am not a student of physics, but I enjoy the subject. Thank you for introducing mathematical expressions whenever possible. My question is this: In minute 7.57 you say that neutrinos are very light and fast, so they cannot be dark matter, as they would smooth out ordinary matter in the universe and no structures would form. Not clear why neutrinos would prevent ordinary matter from clumping.
I watched video on neutrinos but did not help.
Thanks!
Thanks for sharing. There is more out there we dont know.
Thank you sir for this amazing explanation of this advanced topic.. Sir If you don't mind then can you tell something about your education and specialised subjects?? Please..
Great video as usual arvin