Identity politics have been the tool of the empire for thousands of years. Be wary of people who tell you who your friends are, but be even more worried of people who tell you who your enemies are.
Another great video mate. Question, have you ever thought on doing a video about the Chinese Diaspors, for instance the Peranakans located in Malaysia and Singapirore, referred to as the King's Chinese and were some of the OG Crazy rich asians 💰 🌏 😎
(6:38) The course of events summarised here was actually even stupider and more ridiculous than that. Emperor Qinzong was, like his father, an avid Taoist, and the charlatan was a faux Taoist sorcerer named 郭京 (Guo Jing). He requested for 7777 "divine soldiers" to defeat the Jurchens, and for the city gates to be opened for him to perform his work. By this time, all the Song soldiers defending the city, in addition to most of the city's rich, influential, young, and healthy residents of military age, had by this time fled, and so 7777 vagrants, orphans, elderly people, etc, all sounded the call (but were actually attracted by the military salary that was given out). The city gates were opened, and 郭京 began his magical work. The Jurchens immediately rushed inside. The city of Bianjing/Kaifeng was so big that its walls could not be fully surrounded by the Jurchen troops, and its defences were so sound that they could not penetrate its walls. But now, the Song literally opened the city gates to them, allowing them inside. And yes, the 7777 "soldiers" were no match for the Jurchens, and they were instantly massacred. That is how the Jurchens captured the outer city of Kaifeng.
you should also tell us about how the inner city was captured they told the emperor to come out and "negotiate" and simply arrested him when he did so LOL
After the wall was breached, local residents took weapons and resisted. The Jin army had a hard time surpressing the rebellion all across the city, until the Song Emperor ordered residents to lower their arms.
The bullied becoming the bully is sadly a very common thing in history especially when it come to international scale. If you don't take over the weaken enemy's territory, it's very likely that someone else who also want to conquer you(maybe not now but eventually) will and now they have more resources to conquer you
Game theoretically, it's called a "Mexican standoff", where backing off means you stand to lose more, not just remain still, so you're forced to continue playing the game.
The Jurchen history was mostly just revenge and rebirth. Jurchen kills Khitian and establishes Jin. Later, Mongol kill Jin and the Jurchens escape to Manchuria and some even forming small empires like Dongxia. Then they later in the 17th century make a comeback and conquers the Ming and now is named Qing and ounce again the Jurchen legend is born!
The Manchu language is a continuation of the Jurchen language but they started calling themselves Manchu because many non-Jurchen people joined them, and the idea was Manchu will become something new and greater than the Jurchens. However, once they were in power in Beijing, the now peerless Manchus ended up preventing more people from becoming Manchu to protect their domination. The result was near instant - rampant corruption and stagnation of the Manchus which only accelerated through Qing laws enforcing a Manchu-Han divide. Eventually their numbers were depleted, and their language is almost dead, as being Manchu came to mean being backwards and outsiders.
I think that Chinese history in the XIX century could have been much different if China at the time was ruled by a Han Chinese ruler. The Qing dynasty didn't identify with the Chinese people, but saw them as a potential threat to its rule. This means that they would never enact any reform, no matter how necessary, that could undermine Manchu supremacy and the absolute power of the emperor.
@@andro7862 they were,mongols intermarried heavily with the rurikids during their rule and many russian aristocrats were of baptized nomad descent,like the Yusupov
This identity politics in Medieval China reminds of the similar bickering in Europe about the name and heritage of the Roman Empire. The Byzantines called themselves "Romans", and their descendants kept using that name until the early XX century. Medieval Europeans instead called the Byzantines "Greeks", and for them the true Roman emperor was the emperor of Germany, crowned by the pope. The Habsburg rulers of Austria kept the title of Holy Roman emperors until 1806, despite it having become little more than a honorific title, that the princes and bishops of Germany sold to the highest bidder. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453 then both Russia and the Ottoman Empire claimed the Roman heritage. The Russian tsars declared that Moscow had become the Third Rome, the new seat of the Orthodox faith. The Ottoman sultans adopted the title "qayser-i Rum", "Caesar of Rome", after Constantinople became the capital of their empire. Pope Pius II even wrote to the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II, offering him to recognize him as Roman emperor if he converted to Christianity. This wasn't a serious offer, but more an indirect criticism to the rulers of Europe, more interested in fighting each other than in fighting the Turks. It seems however that the sultan really got the pope's letter.
There were no Byzantines at the time the empire still exist, just Romans. They called themself Romans, their enemies called them Romans, only some barbarians raided into the empire's land called them Greek to insult them, like Jin and Mongol after invaded Central Plain called Han people in Southern Song "Nan Man" or" Manzi" (Southern barbarian).
@@longmu19 The term "Byzantines" was invented after the fall of the empire. They called themselves Romans, and they were in fact a continuation of the Roman Empire. Eastern Romans looked down on Western Europeans and considered them barbarians. Medieval Western Europeans in return mocked the Byzantines for their refined manners and for their preference for diplomacy over fighting.
@@davidjacobs8558 The empire had 2 official languages, people in eastern provinces, merchants, politicians,.. spoke Greek. People in the west, soldiers, ..spoke Latin. And a lot of people could speak both. There are a reason we have the term "Grecco-Roman".
@@davidjacobs8558 traditionally the Eastern part of the Roman Empire spoke Greek, and Greek was also its official language. During the reign of the emperor Justinian Latin was the official language in the East too, but after Heraclius the empire switched back to Greek.
Ah... Ya Boy Kongming! So... Next episode is going to be the historical vs the fiction(s)? Now that's the episode I definitely not gonna miss. Can't wait to see how many versions of Zhuge Liang you going to bring up, Hope to see many new ones that I don't know of.
I always thought that the story of Huizong was interesting: He not only gave his all to art, but his country as well. But, despite all the horrid examples, the system continued.
i read that the jin forced han people to adopt the queue when they conquered song territory but nulled the decision since it became too unpopular. perhaps qing followed what jin did before them, without having to retract the policy
The Qing did not force the queue for a long time, which helped them greatly for finishing off remaining Ming holdouts, but they retracted that policy and caused massive rebellions that would flare up again and again until late in the Qing, when the Chinese started cutting their hair short to copy the Europeans. Of course cutting off the queue was done to spite the Qing rule.
he left out the real punishment for the emperors: they had their faces continuously pissed on literally by random Jurchen warriors on their trek north - while some of their wives were raped to death or committed suicide) when they finally reached the tomb of Wanyan Aguda, they were both stripped naked and the bloody skin of a sheep that was recently slaughtered was put over their heads... and they were forced to around around the tomb of Wanyan Aguda and knee and bow for every step they took - it took like a whole fucking day and all the bureacratics that were kidnapped with them are forced to watch in shame/horror huizong then had to write poems thanking the Jurchens for not f*cking him over even harder, and everytime one of his daugthers was raped by a Jurchen - he had to thank the Jurchen for bestowing such an honor on his daughter... this kind of humiliation lasted for the rest of his life until he died about 7 years later even worse, everytime the Southern South threatened attack the Jurchens and restore their territoriy, the Jurchen would use Huizong and Qizong as bargaining chips - threatening to restore them to the throne in a puppet Northern Song state, to de-legitimize the Southern Song (forcing the Southern Song to back off) one of Huizong's wives decided to commit suicide early rather than suffer through such humiliation/shame - and the Jurchens actually bestowed real honor on her for her courage/bravery, this caused the Jurchens to shame Huizong even more for being too cowardly to commit suicide
@@therearenoshortcuts9868 So 100 years later, the Song refused to fight against the Mongols with the Jurchens. They chose to ally with Genghis Khan. Five years after Genghis Khan's death. In 1233, the Song and Mongolian coalition forces completely wiped out the Jurchens. There were only 1.5 million Han households left in the entire north (there were 12 million households when the Song surrendered to the Mongols in 1279). There were almost no Jurchens left alive. The Jurchen emperor was split in half, with the Mongols and the Han people each getting half. The Song army raped the Jurchen queen in revenge. What followed was a 45-year war between the Mongols and the Han people. Because the Mongols treated the Song royal family well, 80 years later, the Ming army also treated the captured Mongolian royal family well and did not massacre the Mongols. The Mongolian princes were settled in Jeju Island, South Korea.
This is great and interesting. I love to hear the East Asian mind telling East Asian history. That said 8:39 Note: The Bible is a book comprised of many books compiled over thousands of years. Some of the retold stories dating back to the dawn of civilization in the fertile crescent. Stories that were common to civilization in the near east. Though certainly not as central and unifying as Confucian education and philosophy were in East Asia. It had to compete with and be melded with many other works.
lol this video left out the real full scale punishment for the 2 emperors (R rated): they had their faces continuously pissed on literally by random Jurchen warriors on their trek north - while some of their wives were raped to death or committed suicide) when they finally reached the tomb of Wanyan Aguda, they were both stripped naked and the bloody skin of a sheep that was recently slaughtered was put over their heads... and they were forced to around around the tomb of Wanyan Aguda and knee and bow for every step they took - it took like a whole day and all the bureaucrats that were kidnapped with them are forced to watch in shame/horror huizong then had to write poems thanking the Jurchens for not f*cking him over even harder, and every time one of his daughters was raped by a Jurchen - he had to thank the Jurchen for bestowing such an honor on his daughter... this kind of humiliation lasted for the rest of his life until he died about 7 years later even worse, every time the Southern South threatened attack the Jurchens and restore their territory, the Jurchen would use Huizong and Qizong as bargaining chips - threatening to restore them to the throne in a puppet Northern Song state, to de-legitimize the Southern Song (forcing the Southern Song to back off) one of Huizong's wives decided to commit suicide early rather than suffer through such humiliation/shame - and the Jurchens actually bestowed real honor on her for her courage/bravery, this caused the Jurchens to shame Huizong even more for being too cowardly to commit suicide
@@jtsy7499 the corrupt Ming regime deserved to die they had the first large-scale welfare program in the world - tax everyone to feed the 1 million "zhus" in China
Yes. The full story is incredible. All of Huizong''s surviving daughters were just continuously gang-raped for years by the Jurchen. The Jurchens wrote in their historical records that Huizong's most beautiful daughter, Zhao Fujin, literally died of ass rape. The Jurchens recorded every brutal detail in their historical records and even printed obsene books about all the humiliation and rape in Chinese to further humiliate and demoralise the Song Dynasty.
After the conquest of the Jin by the Mongols, both the Han Chinese and other minorities went on a killing spree, purging anyone with the Wanyang surname as a form of retribution to the Jin. This forced many from the Wangyan imperial clan to change their surname.
Hanchinese is not ethnic term, and word HAN were from Proto Mongol Han Empire. They are not chinese associated to communist China. HanZu means one people and does not refer to ethnic Hanchinese coined by communist China. HanRen is term created by Han Empire Mongol people to define North Asian people from southeast Asian. Southeast Asians are not under HanRen are not part of Mongol Han people. HanZu which is term created in 19century to destroy Jin/Qing Empire which enslaved Southeast Asians who ere primarily of Song and Ming people which communist Chinese associates as their dynasty.
@@kevinkevinkevin1909I feel like you could clarify the terms you mentioned in your comment. It would help others understand it. I don't really understand what you mean by "Han Ren", “Han Zu”. Because as far as I know, they are interchangeable terms for ethnic Chinese. If not, could you explain the difference between them? And what is the difference between the term coined by the CCP and its original meaning? Could you elaborate on that? What is Proto-Mongol Han Empire? I do know that there is a Proto-Mongol Khitan Empire, the Liao dynasty. And the last sentence is kinda messy, I couldn’t figure out a way to properly understand it. Thank you.
Ya boi Kongming! Hope you also go into theories of the Eiko,the female protagonist being reference to Kongming's wife,Huang Yueying because their names have similar characters in Chinese
The Song dynasty people also called the Jin dynasty people Jin people which is 金人 in chinese. Some might also say 北满子 which was a slur that the Song dynasty people used against the Jurchens.
Woah didn't know jianzhou jurchen included mongol tribes too in the beginning, I thought it was later. Jurchen send a letter to Genghis saying he is their vassal since they upsurp the khitans. Jin seems powerful until the the mongols came. On that note the Persians and turkic people are higher caste than khitans, jurchen and northern chinese who share more similar dna to the mongols. no wonder turkic people love Genghis Khan
But Genghis Khan did not like the Turks. He killed almost all the Turks in Central Asia, except for a few tens of thousands of useful craftsmen. 500,000 women were distributed to the Mongolian troops participating in the war, 3 per person. Few people know the true history of the time.
Just a funfact the song prince that swnd to Jurchen jin is a future Emperor Gaozong of song and he was last last descendant of Emperor Taizong of song, after the Jingkang Incident many royal Family descedant of Emperor Taizong was brought to the Jurchen jin capital and this marks the start of the southern song dynasty where the descedant of emperor Taizu rule The song
Since we've come to the Song Dynasty, do you have any plans for a Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh video? I'd love to see that novel given the same in-depth treatment you gave Romance.
Any plans on doing Water Margin? It's a shame that fun piece is relatively much more obscure than the RotTK. Plot and format wise, it'd also offer a valuable insight into the types of entertainment, stereotypes of characters, and preference of scenarios/stories the common people much enjoyed. Like how the "Black Cyclone," a "Zhang Fei" type dialed to 11, would be seen as just a psychopath murderer in the modern times, but holds much more symbolic nuances in the past.
@@lyhthegreat aye, great novel, though interestingly it was written during the Ming Dynasty, and the author wrote it as a protest against the then existing corrupt Ming government - also possibly as an omen that nothing good will happen to the emperor and his officials if the corruption continues (they will end up like the Song etc)
The O-M175 haplogroup origin were Yunnan-Burma border. Before separated into 2 branch, O1 (O-F265) and O2 (O-M122) O2 (O-M122) entered East Asia with the western route (Himalayan-Yunnan). And became to Sino-Tibetan O2a2b1 (M134) and Hmong-Mien O2a2a1a2 (M7). O1 (O-F265) They separated to 2 branch, O1a and O1b. O1a (M119) moved to Taiwan and became to Austronesians. O1b1a1a (M95) became to Austroasiatics who lived in Indo-China and O1b2 moved to Korea and Japan. O1b (O-M268)=O1b1+O1b2 The broad consensus on the Urheimat (homeland) of Austronesian languages as well as the Neolithic early Austronesian peoples is accepted to be Taiwan, as well as the Penghu Islands. Taiwanese aborigines 89.6%O1a Y-chromosome haplogroup O2-M122 is a common DNA marker in Han Chinese, as it appeared in China in prehistoric times.Other Y-DNA haplogroups that have been found with notable frequency in samples of Han Chinese includ 12,0%C2 K2a -13,0%O1a+ + 10,3%N1+ 7,2%O1b K2b - 4,2%Q1 Genetic studies have been done on the people and related groups. The Haplogroup O1 (Y-DNA)a-M119 genetic marker is frequently detected in Native Taiwanese, northern Philippines and Polynesians, as well as some people in Indonesia, Malaysia and non-Austronesian populations in southern China. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in archaeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River in China also shows high frequencies of Haplogroup O1 in the Neolithic Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples. The Liangzhu culture existed in coastal areas around the mouth of the Yangtze. Haplogroup O1 was absent in other archaeological sites inland. An important breakthrough in studies in Austronesian genetics was the identification of the "Polynesian motif" (Haplogroup B4a1a1) in 1989, a specific nine-base-pair deletion mutation in mtDNA. Several studies have shown that it is shared by Polynesians and Island Southeast Asians, with a sub-branch also identified in Madagascar, indicating shared maternal ancestry of Austronesians. Austronesian-speaking regions also have high to moderate frequencies of Haplogroup O1 of the Y-DNA (including Madagascar) indicating shared paternal ancestry, with the exception of Polynesia where the Papuan-derived Haplogroup C1b2a1a (P33) predominates (although lower frequencies of Austronesian Haplogroup O2-M122 also exist).
The Bible is actually not just one book. It's just traditionally collected into a single volume. Also, something to note, different churches actually have different numbers of books that they include in their Bibles.
However, those books were compiled by an ecclesiastical authority, and that authority gave the collection a name that means "The Book", giving it primacy in Christianity. There is no equivalent in Confucianism.
That's not exactly true,at least for the New Testament.The 27 canons have been accepted universally since late 1st century,and the reason for that is the existence of the church councils that created the canon. This sort of clerical body is usually absent from eastern religions like Hinduism or Confucianism,which is why there are so many foundational texts out there;the notable exception is Buddhism,whose monasterical clergy hold Buddhist councils to create the Pali canon
Mt.Paektu/Changbai is sacred to both races but I must say that the Jurchens don't come from Goryeo. They mainly hail from the Heishu Mohe Tribe up north. It's only the ancestor of the Founders of Jin Dynasty that were actually Korean.
Korean （O2+C2）originate from 9,000 years ago west-Liaohe agricultural people，not O1b2 O1b1and O1b2 share a common ancestor O1b O1a and O1b share a common ancestor O1 (F265) ("Austric") Today O1a and O1b1 are southeast Asians. What made Koreans think O1b2 origins were "Central Asia "? proto-Korean=Samhan people三韓，not west-Liaohe people
I’m in Shenyang, the ancestral home of the Manchu, & have only recently come to realize the common Mongolian origins of the Jerchen, Khitan & Manchu. Genetic testing here does not, perhaps can not, differentiate between these groups. All are classified as “Mongolian”, though Korean is differentiated. Hence genetic testing of locals here might reveal, for example, 36% Mongolian, 6% Korean, 58% Chinese (Han). Accordingly, China was ruled by non-Chinese for most of the last millennium.
@@JinFX yeah the manchu actually trusted the mongols way more than the hans, which is why if you go into the forbidden city, every room of the place was labelled in manchu, chinese and mongolian.
Tungusic people Population genetics C2b+K2a（N1a+O2+O1） 1，C2b/Northern Tungusic The Tungusic people are closely related to other Northern Asian populations and to the Mongols. The main haplogroup of the Ewenic peoples (Evenks, Evens, Oroqens, and Negidals) is the C2b1a2（M48）subclade (and especially its C-M86 subclade) of Haplogroup C2b. Besides the Ewenic peoples, C-M86 is also common among Mongols C2 Highest frequencies Oroqen 61%-91%C2b Evenks 12.9%- 71%C2b Ulchi 69%C2b Nivkhs 38%-71%C2b 2，K2a-NO (M214)=N+O=N1a+O2+O1 N1a/Northern Tungusic Haplogroup N Y-DNA is also found among Ewenic peoples with varying frequency. Haplogroup N Y-DNA among Evenks in the basin of the Yenisei River and the Taimyr Peninsula most often belongs to the N1a2b-P43 subclade, which they share mainly with the Samoyedic and Ugric peoples of Western Siberia. Haplogroup N among Evenks, Evens, and Negidals in Eastern Siberia (the basin of the Lena River and parts to its south or east) belongs mainly to the N1a1-Tat subclade, haplotypes of which they often share either with Yakut or with Buryat. N1 Highest frequencies Nenets people 56.8%N1a2b-P43，40.5% N1a1-Tat Nganasan people 92.11%N1a2b-P43 ，5%C，3%O Yakut people 94% N1a1-Tat (N1a1a1a1a4-M2019>N-M1993） O2+O1/ Southern Tungusic The modern Manchu people show relatively high amounts of Haplogroup O2, which is common among Chinese and Koreans, and Haplogroup O1b2, which is common among Japanese and Koreans. Korean=20%-37%O1b2+(40%O2 +15%C2) Japanese=35-40%D1+(30%-35%O1b2+15-20%O2) Sino-Tibetan Tibetan=51.6% D1 + 33.9% O2+ 2.6% C2 Y-chromosome haplogroup O2-M122 is a common DNA marker in Han Chinese, as it appeared in China in prehistoric times. It is found in at least 36.7% to over 80% of Han Chinese males in certain regions.Other Y-DNA haplogroups that have been found with notable frequency in samples of Han Chinese include 13,0%O1a+ 12,0%C2+ 10,3%N1+ 7,2%O1b + 4,2%Q1
Thanks holyfreak86! The theory of Crassus' Lost Legion lost legion in China has actually been debunked. There are no credible DNA or archeological evidence that the villagers of Liqian were descended from them.
@@CoolHistoryBros oh ok. And what about the legend of Prester John's Kingdom in Asia? I know it wasn't real, but is interesting how that legend captivated many in the West.
@@CoolHistoryBros If you want to make a video about the Legend of Prester John, let me know. I researched and wrote about it back in university, and I think you'll like it because it involves how Europe tried to understand the Khitan and Mongols, even forming the Franco-Mongol alliance. Also, I can't remember if the villagers of Liqian are descended from the Tocharians of the Western Regions or not, but I do think the Han Dynasty fought against descendants of Alexander the Great's army. During the Han Dynasty's westward expeditions, its forces encountered a city-state fielding a fish-scale formation (魚鱗陣) armed with spears (not swords, meaning not the Roman gladius), which is how the Greek hoplites would have fought. I'm natively fluent in Mandarin and can read and write both Standard Chinese and Simplified Chinese. I've researched the Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan era, the Mongol expansion everywhere, and the Han Dynasty, with an emphasis on the Han Dynasty's relationship with the Western Regions, especially under 漢武帝、漢昭帝、漢宣帝 and would be glad to support your channel in any way. I've been studying the relationships of the Tang and Qing with the Western Regions too. 張議潮 is a fascinating figure, and his exploits later set the stage for the rise of the Tanguts.
CN is the Haplogroup of Altaic people. the N came from East Asia and currently share genetics with the Siberian North Asians All East Asians with Y-Haplogroup O have partial origins shared with Southeast Asian farmers. Another point made by academic is that Y-Haplogroup C is original Haplogroup of Northeast Asia which get replaced by Y-Haplogroup O from Southern China. Basically Korean, Manchu and Japanese Y-Haplogroup O2b (or O1b2) is a sister clade of Austra-Asiatic Y-Haplogroup O1b1. They are originally very closely related. Southern Han Chinese derive partial ancestry from ancestral Proto-Austronesians who had Y-Haplogroup O1a, which is the oldest branch of O1 Haplogroup. Proto-Turks were genetically and linguistically closer to Mongols and Tungusic people. Their Homeland was Manchuria hg NOC. These are Northeast Asian People. East Asian Ydna=NCO+DQ 1，N-M231 Turkic languages：Yakut，Khakas Finno-Ugric：Nenets people，Nganasan people，Finns 2，C-M217 Mongolian Kazakhs Manchu Native American C2b1a1a Genghis Khan s Golden Family C2b C2c Aisin Gioro C2b1a3a* (C-M401*, (xF5483)) Liao civilization C2e 3，O-M175 Chinese Korean Japanese O1=O1a+O1b1+O1b2 ，The Liangzhu/Hemudu culture O1a→Austronesian FujianO1a→Taiwan→Philippines→Oceania→ Austronesian，Taiwanese aborigines89.6%O1a O1a，O1b1→Tai-Kadai/Zhuang/Baiyue people→Laos,Thailand O1b1→The natives of Mainland Southeast Asia O1b2→Korean O2→Sino-Tibetan=Han chinese+Tibetan D-Japanese，Tibetan，Ainu people Q-Turkmen（Karakalpakiya 73% ）, Native American，Inuit，Yeniseian people Ydna N+C 1，Northern Tungusic：Evenks，Evens，Oroqen 2，Mongolic languages：Buryats，mongolian，Kalmyks 3，Paleo-Siberian：Chukchi people 4，Turkic：Tuvans，Kazakh，Dolgans，Yukaghir people Ydna C+O 1，Southern Tungusic：Manchu，Xibe 2，Southern Mongolic 3，Northern Chinese, Korean Ydna O+D Japanese，Tibetan East Asian mtDNA=ABCD A（Its highest frequencies are among Native Americans, its largest overall population is in East Asia, and its greatest variety (which suggests its origin point) is in East Asia. Thus, it might have originated in and spread from the Far East） B（The greatest variety of haplogroup B is in China. It is therefore likely that it underwent its earliest diversification in mainland East or South East Asia） C (predominantly indigenous Siberian, though some branches are present in the Americas, East Asia, and eastern and northern Europe). D (predominantly northern East Asian, such as Japanese, Okinawan, Korean, Manchu, Mongol, Han Chinese, Tibetan, etc., but also having several branches among indigenous peoples of the Americas) Mongoloid face East Asian face 1，Chinese Korean Janpanese face Ydna O+mtDNA B=Southern Chinese Ydna O+mtDNA CD =North Chinese Ydna O1b2+mtDNA CD =Korean，Janpanese/Yayoi 2，Janpanese/Jomon people，Tibeto-Burman languages face Ydna D1a1+mtDNA G=Tibetan Ydna D1a2+mtDNA CD=Janpanese/Jomon people Ydna D1a2+mtDNA MND=Ainu people 3，Vietnamese people, Thai people face Ydna O1b1 O1a+mtDNA BF North Mongol face Ydna C+mtDNA CD=Mongolian，Tungusic peoples Ydna N+mtDNA CD=Yakut，Khakas，Nenets people，Nganasan people Ydna NC+mtDNA CD=Buryats，Evenks，Evens，Oroqen，Chukchi people，Tuvans，Dolgans，Yukaghir people，Kazakh Native American face Ydna Q+mtDNA ACD=Native American，Eskimo & Inuit Ydna Q+mtDNA HU=Turkmen Mongolia, Manchu people，Oroqen people，Evenks，Buryats，Nganasan people，Chinese，Tibetan，Japanese and Korean→80%-100%noc+dq/East Asian/Mongoloid mixed race The modern Turkic people are a mixture of Eurasian People. These includes Indo-Iranian and Indo-European tribes of Central Asia who becomes Turkic for 2000 years ago. This tribes are members of Haplogroup R1a in Central Asia. Kazakhstan 70.63%nocqd+mtDNA CD→ Mongoloid face nocqd+mtDNA HU→Eurasian face(mixed ancestry) Kyrgyzstan→50.1%nocq Uyghurs→30%-35%nocd Uzbekistan→27.1nocq Yeniseian people/Kets→93.7%q Yakuts→94%n Europid→jrgei Iranian peoples→70%jrge Pashtun→90%jrgel Anatolian Turks→80%jrgel Martine Robbeets suggests that the Turkic peoples were descended from a Transeurasian agricultural community based in northeast China, which is to be associated with the Xinglongwa culture and the succeeding Hongshan culture（hg NCO）. The East Asian agricultural origin of the Turkic peoples has been corroborated in multiple recent studies. All Neo-Siberians have origins in Northeast Asia including Korea. They split from common ancestors from Northeast Asians before migrating to absorb Paleo-Siberians/R1aQ. Korea C12.9 D2.5 N3.8 O1a 3.1 O1b 33.4 O2 42.1 Q1.8 Manchuria C14.3 D0 N5.7 O1a 2.9 O1b 8.6 O2 65.7 Q0 Western Japan C7.2 D26.8 O1a 4.1 O1b 37.1 O2 23.9 Tibet C2.6 D51.6 N4.5 O2 33.9 Q3.2 Han chinese O2 O1a 13,0% C- M217 12,0% N-M231 10,3% O1b 7,2% Q-M242 4,2% The original turkic people N are very similar to O (chinese，korean，japanese), they came from the same gene haplogroup NO but absolutely different from J（J1+J2/Turkey） Type of east Mediterranean people.
I liked the video and appreciate to know these dynasties formed by non han chinese. Also, I'm looking forward to hearing more about Zhuge Liang. Finally, in this video (and also in the Liao Dynasty video) you mentioned titles like Son Emperor and Father Emperor, Nephew Emperor and Uncle Emperor, but there was no subtitle with these titles in ideograms; so I was curious to see how it's written, but I couldn't find anything about it :(
“Son Emperor": 兒皇帝 Source: 資治通鑑 卷281, zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7281 其後契丹主屢止帝上表稱臣，但令為書稱「兒皇帝」，如家人禮。 After that, the Khitan King declined the Emperor's appeals for subordinate several times, and only ordered him to address himself as "Son Emperor" and treated him like family. The exact word for "Father Emperor" (should be 父皇帝) doesn't exist in historical records but it can be deduced.
The exact words for "Uncle Emperor" and "Nephew Emperor" also don't exist in historical records. However it is recorded that in the Longxing Treaty in 1163 （隆興和議） the Song Emperor should call the Jin Emperor "叔" (younger brother of father). After Song's military defeat and the Jiading Treaty in 1208 （嘉定和議）the Song Emperor called the Jin Emperor "伯" (elder brother of father).
Yellow Russia plan? I am sure that if it succeeds, the Russians will be permanently removed from Europe and the Russian-European relations will deteriorate further. 😉
Battle of Hubudagang. Actually the number 700000 was written by Jurchens to make the battle more epic...Most of the soldier numbers in this period is exaggerated. In another source National Record of Khitan, Liao rallied about 100000 soldiers while Jurchens had 20000. Jurchen Army chose to avoid other troops and charged directly to the guards of Liao emperor and caused massive chaos. Still, it was the most glorious victory of Jin though/
20 years ago Identity politics also use in North East China on Goguryeo by current Chinese government, as a oversea Chinese it is no only Cringe but weird. No wonder those Korean are unhappy.😂
The Liao River Civilization(遼河文明) 興隆窪文化 (Xinglongwa culture): 6200~5400 BC -> major Y-DNA: N 趙宝溝文化 (Zhaobaogou culture): 5400~4500 BC -> major Y-DNA: N 紅山文化 (Hongshan culture): 4700~2900 BC -> major Y-DNA: N O2 C2 夏家店下層文化 (Xiajiadian culture): 2200~1600 BC -> major Y-DNA: O2 中国东北三个主流单倍群就是N1O2C2，很显然他们在满洲或者北蒙古形成阿尔泰，阿尔泰的后裔是蒙古人/C2N1O2+R1aQ,北通古斯人N1C2+R1aQ，南通古斯人O2C2+O1b2，现代突厥人C2N1O2+R1aJG，乌拉尔人N1C2+R1a R1a是印欧人单倍群，分成中亚支R1a1a1b2和东欧斯拉夫支系R1a1a1b1，东亚人里占比极少 Q是古西伯利亚单倍群，很早去了美洲，东亚人里占比很少 满洲里 (C2e+O2a) → 朝鲜半岛 O1b2 → 朝鲜人 南岛人单倍群是O1a或者O1b1，O1b2 不是南岛人单倍群，但是他们是远亲，所以O1b2 肯定不是阿尔泰 现代韩国人应该是朝鲜半岛的土著O1b2和来自满洲的东夷人的混合体，C2+O2占韩国人口50%-60% C2是东北亚通古斯突厥蒙古人单倍群，O2有华北人有关或者说汉藏语族
@杨波涛 There is no evidence that the Buyeo people are Han Chinese or Manchurian. If you have, you should present it. China's record is clearly under the category of Dongyi(東夷), which means East barbarians, and there is no record of han Chinese relation anywhere in the record. In addition, the three-legged crow is a symbol widely used not only by China but also by the Manchus and the Japanese, which originated from the Northern nomads' sacredness of birds. And the Goguryeo's Sasindo(四神圖) are just symbols of Taoism. No Korean thinks that the Chinese stole Buddhism from india just because there are many Buddhist statues in China. Sometimes mainland Chinese seem to have a serious paranoia in Korea.
@杨波涛 And Goguryeo is clearly the country that founded by buyeo. Buyeo is made up of a tribe of kings and four subordinates, each of which has a symbol animal. Yutnori, which is played every holiday in modern Korea(both North and South), comes from ancient buyeo. Each corner of a rectangle has a path to center. This symbolizes the king's tribe and the four servant tribes. In this game, '도개걸윳모' means dogs, horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs. And this represent the four tribes of Buyeo, Maga(馬加) Uga(牛加), Jeoga(猪加), and Guga(狗加), + king's tribe. This is more than 2,000 years old. Does Buyeo's culture remain in China? Also, Buyeo wore white clothes. This is a long-standing culture of Korea, and most people wore white clothes according to Buyeo's tradition until the Joseon Dynasty
@杨波涛 I was just going to pass by, but your level is too low, so I should write more. 1. Bring to me just one ancient record that the Buyeo tribe is the Han Chinese. I have read all the articles such as the 三國志, 前漢書, 後漢書, and 史記, but I have not found such a record. 2. It is also a clear fraud that the Buyeo costumes were Han Chinese culture. Buyeo's clothes have never been found, only indirectly identified through Goguryeo murals. 3. Again, if China is a descendant of Buyeo, why is there no record of inheriting Buyeo for thousands of years? 4. The culture style of putting feathers on hats is clearly not Chinese, but a nomadic style like Mongolia-Turk-Ancient Korea. The basis for this is the worship of birds. There is still "Sotdae" in Korea. This is what makes the sacred bird rest for a while. Birds are also considered sacred in Mongolia. Especially, swans. And so is the Turk people.It can also be explained linguistically and systematically at the same time. Your explanation for this is just to assume that the Chinese would have just loved the feathers, imbued with the human spirit of 3,000 years ago? I laugh at China's excellent logic. 5. Also, what does rarely use Chinese characters in modern Korea have to do with the discussion now? Is it your pride to write the world's most complex characters until the 21st century? The mainland Chinese I met had no manners like you several times. This is why you Chinese have become the worst tourists in every country in the world. They have low popularity and do not experience democracy, so they do not know any respect for their opponents.
I just want to add that defining Song into Chinese while Mo Jurchen into something else is misleading. There's no evidence anywhere stating that Song people was called "Chinese" back then.
Song is a legitimate Chinese dynasty, unlike the Jurchen, Khitans, etc. who were not Chinese people at all, they didn't speak Chinese, but came from the area of Mongolia... Han, Tang, Ming, Song are the main dynasties
Hey man, have you ever thought of exploring other Asian nations other than those in East Asia? It would be interesting if you cover Southeast Asian histories!
In part he already did it. He made videos about the Mongol invasions of Vietnam and Java, and about the last Sassanid prince of Iran who escaped to China after the Islamic conquest of his country.
It hard to find Southeast Asia history because everything country has their narration of the region each claim to be legitimate native and the owner of the land. I'm don't want to say much because history is written by the winner my country history mean nothing at the end because we are at the losing end og bargain
@@제임스홍-h2l well, yes, I think when they conquered Northern China, they intermarried with the rest of the Chinese. I've heard some people considered the Hsi Hsia kingdom to be included as Chinese as well as the traditional Song Dynasty.
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب jurchen = Jin Dynasty. Later nurhaci who was Jin called themselves Manchu. Manchu was one of the most impressive minorities in China that able to conquered billions of Han Chinese and ruled for 300 years
Where did the billion Han Chinese come from? Are you serious? There were not one billion Han Chinese in China at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and one billion Han Chinese came after the PRC.
They actually had best heavy armor and best heavy cavalries in the entire world during 12th century. Heavy cold steel Lamellar is getting close to plate armor
yes! Both the Qing and Jin Dynasty history books and Chinese history books reveal that they originated in Korea. Of course, that does not mean that the Qing Dynasty and Jin Dynasty are part of Korean history.
CatBoom I prefer northern wei run by xianbei mongols, northern qi. They United all the Qiang, Xiongnu, xianbei and Han under one banner. Same with Liao, and Qing. I like Altai people but I don’t like Genghis khan. Northern wei, qi, Liao and Qing has given China a lot more than what the Mongols did. Plus there were castes even for people who were closer in dna to the Mongol. But the Turks get all the high caste
CatBoom that and Genghis wiped out a lot of Chinese and yuan was one of the worse dynasty..: didn’t try to sinicized. I’m not even sure how northern yuan would fare
@@Willxdiana I pretty much understand what you're saying, but do not underestimate Genghis Khan. Yuan was a successful dynasty, I'm not sure how successful in comparison with other dynasties, but it was successful. The fact that Khan ruled China is really interesting, and finally something special among all of these Chinese dynasties.
CatBoom no. It was hurting Chinese people, Mongol people and jurchens. No unity. So much that Mongols stayed in Ming when they left. Qing had mongols, Chinese and jurchen working together and had the biggest territory and sincized
Obviously, some Yeojin(Jurchen) people often settled in northern Korea as part of Korean, and vice versa. For a long time, however, Koreans thought of the Yeojin people as savages. There is a little record that some northern regions that are close to jurchen considered them as cousins. But this is an exceptional case. In most cases, including the North, the Yeojin people were the main enemy of Koreans. Except for some of the ruling classes (for example, the Tungdran known as the Izziran), the Yeojin were treated as slaves. Goryeo and Joseon attempted to subjugate the Yeojin people like the Goguryeo-Balhae period in the past, but both failed. This military threat from Korea rather united the Yeojin people, which ultimately led to the birth of the Geum and Qing dynasties. It's funny to see some modern radical nationalists claiming that the Yeojin people were our brothers. It is not an exaggeration to say that Korea's golden and dark ages are directly related to winning or losing the war against the Yeojin people.
According to my university friend who studies medieval philosophy, scholars in Joseon seriously discussed whether barbarians could be considered as human. In this discussion, the Yeojin people and the Japanese people were mentioned, and the Yeojin people were the most important topics.
@@한준-h6y To be honest, I often see Koreans say that Jurchen and Manchu are from Korea. I just watched KBS 역사스페셜 - 만주대탐사 2편, 금태조 아골타 신라인의 후예였다 / KBS 20090905 방송 on RUclips just now. . . I don't know how popular these sayings are in Korea though. I would appreciate it if you could tell me the current situation.
It’s always confused me how the Chinese differentiate between the Han ethnic group and other ethnic groups in China and surrounding China. I’m pretty sure you can just call the Jurchen people and current Manchu people Chinese at this point. It shouldn’t really matter if they were able to rule over China.
because the Jurchen, Khitan, Manchu, etc. are not Chinese at all, they don't speak Chinese, many people get them confused and put them all with Chinese people, the Yuan and Qing were Mongolian foreigners who controlled China, that's like saying all Vikings / Huns / Goths etc. are Roman, no they were not the same at all
9:30 I am Mong or Miao. I am pretty sure our racism/derogatory towards Han came from these Jurchen Jin guys 😂. Our ancestors call Han Chinese specifically (most likely the Southern Song time period) NanMan, Shu(Shu Han 10:18) and Yi(either refer Dong Yi or Tibetan Yi) 😂. The irony of it all. This is not the first time though. See Eastern Jin or Liu Song 😂. Good to know.
you guys got it wrong, Nanman 南蛮 and Yi were names that the Chinese gave to the non-Chinese speaking peoples around them, you can look it up if you want, that's why the names are in Chinese, Shu Han was one of the three major states that competed over China in the Three Kingdoms period
i dont know. calling tang, jin, khitan and qing being called a chinese dynasty feels wrong to me. they conquered chinese land and then they stayed long enough and became chinese history. i get it but is it actually chinese? isnt han chinese is only really recognized as true chinese in china? official canon of the history for them really. thats why they rebel every 200 or so years and change its head of the state.
unless you mean the Tanguts, Tang Dynasty is a real Chinese dynasty, Jin / Khitan / Qing were not Chinese at all, but people from the area of Mongolia, they are part of history but not considered legitimately Chinese, they just took Chinese names when they controlled China
@@danielzhang1916 You're talking nonsense, Mongolia is a descendant of Khitan people, not Khitans are Mongols. You're like saying your grandfather is your grandson.
Han people were not actually related to modern day Han Chinese. There's eight types of Han - During Jin, Yuan and Qing, This was used but modern day Han Chinese took this name by themselves. Hence why there's confusion.
the Jin were Jurchen, the Yuan were Mongol, the Qing were Manchu, none of them were actually Chinese, Han is what the Chinese people first called themselves, you guys are actually confusing yourselves instead
@@danielzhang1916 Yes, most of the Xiongnu were Han people who fled from the Central Plains during the Warring States Period. This is a large part of the reason for the initial formation of the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu tribe appeared a long time ago, already in the Shang Dynasty.
@@danielzhang1916 The Xiongnu first appeared in the present-day Inner Mongolia region, and later slowly migrated to the desert grasslands, which are now Mongolia. I cannot say that there were no indigenous people at that time, but I definitely integrated with the locals. For example, the Siberian indigenous people were also the ancestors of the earliest Xianbei and Khitan peoples.
Maybe for Koreans , China only belongs to Han ethnicity, China is made up of 56 ethnic groups，56 ethnic groups form one big family, the real Goguryeo and Balhae descendants living in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang provinces are not dead, Goguryeo and Balhae history belongs to China and North Korea, only difference ethnic Han Chinese conquered ethnic Goguryeo Chinese, Goguryeo and Balhae conquered Korea 🤗
This is not a channel for history if you so liberally inject your own unproven subjective interpretations into it. "Identity politics" or "nationalism" are modern concepts. Tribalism might be more apt to the period you're discussing. Even then, there were more important factors at play. In particular, there were Han crossing ethnic lines joining the Jurchens. People obviously looked out for their individual interests rather than their ethnic allegiance. The Southern Song Emperor killing Yue Fei rather than pressing victories against the Jurchen is another example of selfish interest rather than rescuing the hostage Emperor and losing power to the rescued Emperor. In any case, your interpretation of history is subject to dispute and not generally accepted by consensus.
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
Identity politics have been the tool of the empire for thousands of years. Be wary of people who tell you who your friends are, but be even more worried of people who tell you who your enemies are.
Another great video mate. Question, have you ever thought on doing a video about the Chinese Diaspors, for instance the Peranakans located in Malaysia and Singapirore, referred to as the King's Chinese and were some of the OG Crazy rich asians 💰 🌏 😎
This is why I turn off the TV most of the time now
Congrats on passing 100k subs!
Please cover the ancient Chinese-Vietnamese wars
Interesting video
It's heartening to see focus on Asian history on RUclips. So many deeply fascinating and impactful stories to learn! Thanks Cool History Bros!
(6:38)
The course of events summarised here was actually even stupider and more ridiculous than that. Emperor Qinzong was, like his father, an avid Taoist, and the charlatan was a faux Taoist sorcerer named 郭京 (Guo Jing). He requested for 7777 "divine soldiers" to defeat the Jurchens, and for the city gates to be opened for him to perform his work. By this time, all the Song soldiers defending the city, in addition to most of the city's rich, influential, young, and healthy residents of military age, had by this time fled, and so 7777 vagrants, orphans, elderly people, etc, all sounded the call (but were actually attracted by the military salary that was given out). The city gates were opened, and 郭京 began his magical work.
The Jurchens immediately rushed inside.
The city of Bianjing/Kaifeng was so big that its walls could not be fully surrounded by the Jurchen troops, and its defences were so sound that they could not penetrate its walls. But now, the Song literally opened the city gates to them, allowing them inside. And yes, the 7777 "soldiers" were no match for the Jurchens, and they were instantly massacred. That is how the Jurchens captured the outer city of Kaifeng.
Wow
Haha Chinese always make excuses. Don’t trust Chinese.
"for the city gates to be opened for him to perform"
hmm in retrospect sounds like someone bribed him to open the gates...
you should also tell us about how the inner city was captured
they told the emperor to come out and "negotiate" and simply arrested him when he did so LOL
After the wall was breached, local residents took weapons and resisted. The Jin army had a hard time surpressing the rebellion all across the city, until the Song Emperor ordered residents to lower their arms.
The bullied becoming the bully is sadly a very common thing in history especially when it come to international scale. If you don't take over the weaken enemy's territory, it's very likely that someone else who also want to conquer you(maybe not now but eventually) will and now they have more resources to conquer you
Game theoretically, it's called a "Mexican standoff", where backing off means you stand to lose more, not just remain still, so you're forced to continue playing the game.
Russia moment.
Oh My God Is That Goku !?
And then the Qing got bullied after being the bully
The Jurchen history was mostly just revenge and rebirth. Jurchen kills Khitian and establishes Jin. Later, Mongol kill Jin and the Jurchens escape to Manchuria and some even forming small empires like Dongxia. Then they later in the 17th century make a comeback and conquers the Ming and now is named Qing and ounce again the Jurchen legend is born!
The Manchu language is a continuation of the Jurchen language but they started calling themselves Manchu because many non-Jurchen people joined them, and the idea was Manchu will become something new and greater than the Jurchens. However, once they were in power in Beijing, the now peerless Manchus ended up preventing more people from becoming Manchu to protect their domination. The result was near instant - rampant corruption and stagnation of the Manchus which only accelerated through Qing laws enforcing a Manchu-Han divide. Eventually their numbers were depleted, and their language is almost dead, as being Manchu came to mean being backwards and outsiders.
I think that Chinese history in the XIX century could have been much different if China at the time was ruled by a Han Chinese ruler. The Qing dynasty didn't identify with the Chinese people, but saw them as a potential threat to its rule. This means that they would never enact any reform, no matter how necessary, that could undermine Manchu supremacy and the absolute power of the emperor.
Similiar thing happened to the russian aristocracy,doubly so because they were both offsprings of nomad conquerors
if you want to know who Manchu people included among their ranks, look into this book 滿洲源流考.
Mongols were not part of Manchu people.
@@ihavenojawandimustscream4681 The Russian aristocracy were not offspring of nomads, what are you on about?
@@andro7862 they were,mongols intermarried heavily with the rurikids during their rule and many russian aristocrats were of baptized nomad descent,like the Yusupov
This identity politics in Medieval China reminds of the similar bickering in Europe about the name and heritage of the Roman Empire.
The Byzantines called themselves "Romans", and their descendants kept using that name until the early XX century. Medieval Europeans instead called the Byzantines "Greeks", and for them the true Roman emperor was the emperor of Germany, crowned by the pope. The Habsburg rulers of Austria kept the title of Holy Roman emperors until 1806, despite it having become little more than a honorific title, that the princes and bishops of Germany sold to the highest bidder.
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453 then both Russia and the Ottoman Empire claimed the Roman heritage. The Russian tsars declared that Moscow had become the Third Rome, the new seat of the Orthodox faith. The Ottoman sultans adopted the title "qayser-i Rum", "Caesar of Rome", after Constantinople became the capital of their empire. Pope Pius II even wrote to the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II, offering him to recognize him as Roman emperor if he converted to Christianity. This wasn't a serious offer, but more an indirect criticism to the rulers of Europe, more interested in fighting each other than in fighting the Turks. It seems however that the sultan really got the pope's letter.
There were no Byzantines at the time the empire still exist, just Romans. They called themself Romans, their enemies called them Romans, only some barbarians raided into the empire's land called them Greek to insult them, like Jin and Mongol after invaded Central Plain called Han people in Southern Song "Nan Man" or" Manzi" (Southern barbarian).
@@longmu19 The term "Byzantines" was invented after the fall of the empire. They called themselves Romans, and they were in fact a continuation of the Roman Empire. Eastern Romans looked down on Western Europeans and considered them barbarians. Medieval Western Europeans in return mocked the Byzantines for their refined manners and for their preference for diplomacy over fighting.
@@longmu19 but, didn't they actually use Greek language in Eastern Roma? Not Latin?
@@davidjacobs8558 The empire had 2 official languages, people in eastern provinces, merchants, politicians,.. spoke Greek. People in the west, soldiers, ..spoke Latin. And a lot of people could speak both. There are a reason we have the term "Grecco-Roman".
@@davidjacobs8558 traditionally the Eastern part of the Roman Empire spoke Greek, and Greek was also its official language. During the reign of the emperor Justinian Latin was the official language in the East too, but after Heraclius the empire switched back to Greek.
Thanks for covering so many fascinating topics!
Interesting, I actually.finished watching Kingdom: Ashin of the North. Didn't know about them until after the movie.
Ah... Ya Boy Kongming! So... Next episode is going to be the historical vs the fiction(s)? Now that's the episode I definitely not gonna miss. Can't wait to see how many versions of Zhuge Liang you going to bring up, Hope to see many new ones that I don't know of.
AKA Snoop Lion Kongming Dono.
I read the manga because of this
I always thought that the story of Huizong was interesting: He not only gave his all to art, but his country as well. But, despite all the horrid examples, the system continued.
Kinda similar to the last emperor of the Southern Tang whose his kingdom annexed by the Song.
i read that the jin forced han people to adopt the queue when they conquered song territory but nulled the decision since it became too unpopular. perhaps qing followed what jin did before them, without having to retract the policy
The Qing did not force the queue for a long time, which helped them greatly for finishing off remaining Ming holdouts, but they retracted that policy and caused massive rebellions that would flare up again and again until late in the Qing, when the Chinese started cutting their hair short to copy the Europeans. Of course cutting off the queue was done to spite the Qing rule.
At 7:32 crack me up. Jurchens hard punishments for Khitan women were forcing
them to marry Chinese emperors. Haha
he left out the real punishment for the emperors:
they had their faces continuously pissed on literally by random Jurchen warriors on their trek north - while some of their wives were raped to death or committed suicide)
when they finally reached the tomb of Wanyan Aguda, they were both stripped naked and the bloody skin of a sheep that was recently slaughtered was put over their heads... and they were forced to around around the tomb of Wanyan Aguda and knee and bow for every step they took - it took like a whole fucking day
and all the bureacratics that were kidnapped with them are forced to watch in shame/horror
huizong then had to write poems thanking the Jurchens for not f*cking him over even harder, and everytime one of his daugthers was raped by a Jurchen - he had to thank the Jurchen for bestowing such an honor on his daughter...
this kind of humiliation lasted for the rest of his life until he died about 7 years later
even worse, everytime the Southern South threatened attack the Jurchens and restore their territoriy, the Jurchen would use Huizong and Qizong as bargaining chips - threatening to restore them to the throne in a puppet Northern Song state, to de-legitimize the Southern Song (forcing the Southern Song to back off)
one of Huizong's wives decided to commit suicide early rather than suffer through such humiliation/shame - and the Jurchens actually bestowed real honor on her for her courage/bravery, this caused the Jurchens to shame Huizong even more for being too cowardly to commit suicide
@@therearenoshortcuts9868 So 100 years later, the Song refused to fight against the Mongols with the Jurchens. They chose to ally with Genghis Khan. Five years after Genghis Khan's death. In 1233, the Song and Mongolian coalition forces completely wiped out the Jurchens. There were only 1.5 million Han households left in the entire north (there were 12 million households when the Song surrendered to the Mongols in 1279). There were almost no Jurchens left alive. The Jurchen emperor was split in half, with the Mongols and the Han people each getting half. The Song army raped the Jurchen queen in revenge. What followed was a 45-year war between the Mongols and the Han people. Because the Mongols treated the Song royal family well, 80 years later, the Ming army also treated the captured Mongolian royal family well and did not massacre the Mongols. The Mongolian princes were settled in Jeju Island, South Korea.
Frickin sick video, thanks for sharing with us big dog.
Fantastic video! Great to see awesome Aussie channels putting out great content. Hope there is a video on Western Liao upcoming.
This is great and interesting. I love to hear the East Asian mind telling East Asian history. That said 8:39 Note: The Bible is a book comprised of many books compiled over thousands of years. Some of the retold stories dating back to the dawn of civilization in the fertile crescent. Stories that were common to civilization in the near east. Though certainly not as central and unifying as Confucian education and philosophy were in East Asia. It had to compete with and be melded with many other works.
The fate of Song princesses was particularly unfortunate.
Many ended their lives or tortured to death rather than be violated by Jurchen men.
Good work!
lol this video left out the real full scale punishment for the 2 emperors (R rated):
they had their faces continuously pissed on literally by random Jurchen warriors on their trek north - while some of their wives were raped to death or committed suicide)
when they finally reached the tomb of Wanyan Aguda, they were both stripped naked and the bloody skin of a sheep that was recently slaughtered was put over their heads... and they were forced to around around the tomb of Wanyan Aguda and knee and bow for every step they took - it took like a whole day
and all the bureaucrats that were kidnapped with them are forced to watch in shame/horror
huizong then had to write poems thanking the Jurchens for not f*cking him over even harder, and every time one of his daughters was raped by a Jurchen - he had to thank the Jurchen for bestowing such an honor on his daughter...
this kind of humiliation lasted for the rest of his life until he died about 7 years later
even worse, every time the Southern South threatened attack the Jurchens and restore their territory, the Jurchen would use Huizong and Qizong as bargaining chips - threatening to restore them to the throne in a puppet Northern Song state, to de-legitimize the Southern Song (forcing the Southern Song to back off)
one of Huizong's wives decided to commit suicide early rather than suffer through such humiliation/shame - and the Jurchens actually bestowed real honor on her for her courage/bravery, this caused the Jurchens to shame Huizong even more for being too cowardly to commit suicide
What’s your Chinese excuses for Manchu conquest of Ming? Haha
@@jtsy7499
the corrupt Ming regime deserved to die
they had the first large-scale welfare program in the world - tax everyone to feed the 1 million "zhus" in China
Yes. The full story is incredible. All of Huizong''s surviving daughters were just continuously gang-raped for years by the Jurchen. The Jurchens wrote in their historical records that Huizong's most beautiful daughter, Zhao Fujin, literally died of ass rape. The Jurchens recorded every brutal detail in their historical records and even printed obsene books about all the humiliation and rape in Chinese to further humiliate and demoralise the Song Dynasty.
Thank you very much for these 🙂
Great video. Waiting for your next video on the Tanguts and the Nanzhao!
I love jurchen language and culture or history i like your every video but no comment this is my first comment on your channel
After the conquest of the Jin by the Mongols, both the Han Chinese and other minorities went on a killing spree, purging anyone with the Wanyang surname as a form of retribution to the Jin. This forced many from the Wangyan imperial clan to change their surname.
thats sad
Are you sure? Many Qing officials belonged to Wanyan clan.
Hanchinese is not ethnic term, and word HAN were from Proto Mongol Han Empire. They are not chinese associated to communist China. HanZu means one people and does not refer to ethnic Hanchinese coined by communist China. HanRen is term created by Han Empire Mongol people to define North Asian people from southeast Asian. Southeast Asians are not under HanRen are not part of Mongol Han people. HanZu which is term created in 19century to destroy Jin/Qing Empire which enslaved Southeast Asians who ere primarily of Song and Ming people which communist Chinese associates as their dynasty.
@@kevinkevinkevin1909I feel like you could clarify the terms you mentioned in your comment. It would help others understand it.
I don't really understand what you mean by "Han Ren", “Han Zu”. Because as far as I know, they are interchangeable terms for ethnic Chinese. If not, could you explain the difference between them?
And what is the difference between the term coined by the CCP and its original meaning? Could you elaborate on that?
What is Proto-Mongol Han Empire? I do know that there is a Proto-Mongol Khitan Empire, the Liao dynasty.
And the last sentence is kinda messy, I couldn’t figure out a way to properly understand it.
Thank you.
@@kevinkevinkevin1909 all fake
Poignant topic in contemporary politics. Another chance to learn from history and see it happen again in our time.
Awesome video as always!
Tho i gotta ask, will you make a series on water margin as you did on 3 kingdoms?
Yep. It's being. planned.
Ngl, the moment i saw "identity politics" in the title, i had Vietnam flashbacks of posts from Twitter
Ya boi Kongming! Hope you also go into theories of the Eiko,the female protagonist being reference to Kongming's wife,Huang Yueying because their names have similar characters in Chinese
The Song dynasty people also called the Jin dynasty people Jin people which is 金人 in chinese. Some might also say 北满子 which was a slur that the Song dynasty people used against the Jurchens.
it's probably more accurate to say 北狄 Beidi instead of Manzi
Could you make a segment/video to cover about each dynasty's armors/weapons? eg. Song/Liao/Jin dynasty
Woah didn't know jianzhou jurchen included mongol tribes too in the beginning, I thought it was later. Jurchen send a letter to Genghis saying he is their vassal since they upsurp the khitans. Jin seems powerful until the the mongols came. On that note the Persians and turkic people are higher caste than khitans, jurchen and northern chinese who share more similar dna to the mongols. no wonder turkic people love Genghis Khan
But Genghis Khan did not like the Turks. He killed almost all the Turks in Central Asia, except for a few tens of thousands of useful craftsmen. 500,000 women were distributed to the Mongolian troops participating in the war, 3 per person. Few people know the true history of the time.
please also do some yuan dynasty contents!
Yes! China's best dynasty!
@@theawesomeman9821 Sino-Mongolic
@@yyyymmddhhmm The ruling Yuan never intermarried with the Han Chinese
Legend of the Condor Heroes almost brought me here.
Can you make a goryeo video bro please the rise and fall
Just a funfact the song prince that swnd to Jurchen jin is a future Emperor Gaozong of song and he was last last descendant of Emperor Taizong of song, after the Jingkang Incident many royal Family descedant of Emperor Taizong was brought to the Jurchen jin capital and this marks the start of the southern song dynasty where the descedant of emperor Taizu rule The song
讲的很好，很喜欢。
Oh I am very hype for the "Ya Boy Kongming" reference in the next episode
Since we've come to the Song Dynasty, do you have any plans for a Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh video? I'd love to see that novel given the same in-depth treatment you gave Romance.
the story is bloody long though with 108 heroes to introduce
Any plans on doing Water Margin? It's a shame that fun piece is relatively much more obscure than the RotTK. Plot and format wise, it'd also offer a valuable insight into the types of entertainment, stereotypes of characters, and preference of scenarios/stories the common people much enjoyed. Like how the "Black Cyclone," a "Zhang Fei" type dialed to 11, would be seen as just a psychopath murderer in the modern times, but holds much more symbolic nuances in the past.
yeah i agree that the water margin is massively underrated...and the their tragic ending of the heroes was just so sad..
@@lyhthegreat
aye, great novel, though interestingly it was written during the Ming Dynasty, and the author wrote it as a protest against the then existing corrupt Ming government - also possibly as an omen that nothing good will happen to the emperor and his officials if the corruption continues (they will end up like the Song etc)
The O-M175 haplogroup origin were Yunnan-Burma border. Before separated into 2 branch, O1 (O-F265) and O2 (O-M122)
O2 (O-M122) entered East Asia with the western route (Himalayan-Yunnan). And became to Sino-Tibetan O2a2b1 (M134) and Hmong-Mien O2a2a1a2 (M7).
O1 (O-F265) They separated to 2 branch, O1a and O1b. O1a (M119) moved to Taiwan and became to Austronesians. O1b1a1a (M95) became to Austroasiatics who lived in Indo-China and O1b2 moved to Korea and Japan.
O1b (O-M268)=O1b1+O1b2
The broad consensus on the Urheimat (homeland) of Austronesian languages as well as the Neolithic early Austronesian peoples is accepted to be Taiwan, as well as the Penghu Islands.
Taiwanese aborigines 89.6%O1a
Y-chromosome haplogroup O2-M122 is a common DNA marker in Han Chinese, as it appeared in China in prehistoric times.Other Y-DNA haplogroups that have been found with notable frequency in samples of Han Chinese includ
12,0%C2
K2a -13,0%O1a+ + 10,3%N1+ 7,2%O1b
K2b - 4,2%Q1
Genetic studies have been done on the people and related groups. The Haplogroup O1 (Y-DNA)a-M119 genetic marker is frequently detected in Native Taiwanese, northern Philippines and Polynesians, as well as some people in Indonesia, Malaysia and non-Austronesian populations in southern China.
A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in archaeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River in China also shows high frequencies of Haplogroup O1 in the Neolithic Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples. The Liangzhu culture existed in coastal areas around the mouth of the Yangtze. Haplogroup O1 was absent in other archaeological sites inland.
An important breakthrough in studies in Austronesian genetics was the identification of the "Polynesian motif" (Haplogroup B4a1a1) in 1989, a specific nine-base-pair deletion mutation in mtDNA. Several studies have shown that it is shared by Polynesians and Island Southeast Asians, with a sub-branch also identified in Madagascar, indicating shared maternal ancestry of Austronesians.
Austronesian-speaking regions also have high to moderate frequencies of Haplogroup O1 of the Y-DNA (including Madagascar) indicating shared paternal ancestry, with the exception of Polynesia where the Papuan-derived Haplogroup C1b2a1a (P33) predominates (although lower frequencies of Austronesian Haplogroup O2-M122 also exist).
6:47 Fan rui did a good one on the emperor
The Bible is actually not just one book. It's just traditionally collected into a single volume. Also, something to note, different churches actually have different numbers of books that they include in their Bibles.
However, those books were compiled by an ecclesiastical authority, and that authority gave the collection a name that means "The Book", giving it primacy in Christianity. There is no equivalent in Confucianism.
That's not exactly true,at least for the New Testament.The 27 canons have been accepted universally since late 1st century,and the reason for that is the existence of the church councils that created the canon.
This sort of clerical body is usually absent from eastern religions like Hinduism or Confucianism,which is why there are so many foundational texts out there;the notable exception is Buddhism,whose monasterical clergy hold Buddhist councils to create the Pali canon
Quick question: Wasn’t Huizong the chubby beardless guy?
"Virtually unknown in the west" That is unless you practice Xingyiquan
please make the west liao Qara Khitai episode
I've seen Xi Xia kingdom on the map. Is it Uighur kingdom ? Have you plan an episode on it ?
No. It's an Tangut kingdom.
Tanguts were Sino Tibetan people. Distantly related to both Han Chinese & Tibetans.
no wonder Manchu and Korean think Paektu Mountain is sacred, Jurchen come from Goryeo.
Mt.Paektu/Changbai is sacred to both races but I must say that the Jurchens don't come from Goryeo. They mainly hail from the Heishu Mohe Tribe up north. It's only the ancestor of the Founders of Jin Dynasty that were actually Korean.
Korean （O2+C2）originate from 9,000 years ago west-Liaohe agricultural people，not O1b2
O1b1and O1b2 share a common ancestor O1b
O1a and O1b share a common ancestor O1 (F265) ("Austric")
Today O1a and O1b1 are southeast Asians. What made Koreans think O1b2 origins were "Central Asia "?
proto-Korean=Samhan people三韓，not west-Liaohe people
@@夜行者-s2x yeah in your dreams i suppose
@@夜行者-s2x turns out Samhan people were closer to Japonic and spoke a Japonic Language
Qin Dynasty is not the same as Qing Dynasty right? The one with Aisin Gioro?
I got hooked onto this dynasty after watching Ruyi's Royal Love.
Yep, they're different. Qing dynasty is the one with Aisin Gioro.
also not to be confused with the Jurchen Jin, Qing was the last dynasty and was Manchu
will you cover the tanguts?
700,000 Khitans lost to 10,000 Jurchens? Must have been embarrassing.
Isnt it 10,000 jurchens?
My sources is 150.000 Jurchen warriors was defeat 700.000 Khitans warriors
Probably they are more centralized. Decentralized government tends to fracture after certain traumatic event and start their own back stabing episode.
@@emonsuparman9248 Makes more sense. Still pretty humiliating for the Khitans.
That's probably exaggerated numbers
liao, western xia, jin, yuan, their rise mirroring each other. Kinda amazing
Could you talk about the Qing dynasty mostly about the imperial consort rong from the Qianlong Emperor
Great stuff as always. Let’s start a sub train other cool history bros 🦑
I’m in Shenyang, the ancestral home of the Manchu, & have only recently come to realize the common Mongolian origins of the Jerchen, Khitan & Manchu. Genetic testing here does not, perhaps can not, differentiate between these groups. All are classified as “Mongolian”, though Korean is differentiated. Hence genetic testing of locals here might reveal, for example, 36% Mongolian, 6% Korean, 58% Chinese (Han). Accordingly, China was ruled by non-Chinese for most of the last millennium.
fake bots ，you are not Chinese
no
The Tungusic people got their revenge for the Mongol invasion of Jin. The Manchu Qing devastated the Mongolic people especially Oirat Dzungars
It’s def exaggerated. I’m pretty sure many
Oriat Dzungars assimilated to Manchus or
Kazakhs and some fled to Russia.
qing figured that it's better to just conquer the mongols than to just have them fight each other
Most Mongols allied with the Later Jin and Qing.
@@JinFX yeah the manchu actually trusted the mongols way more than the hans, which is why if you go into the forbidden city, every room of the place was labelled in manchu, chinese and mongolian.
@@sinoroman It's not merely conquering. It's subjugating through migration and religion, then assimilation of their upper class.
Tungusic people Population genetics
C2b+K2a（N1a+O2+O1）
1，C2b/Northern Tungusic
The Tungusic people are closely related to other Northern Asian populations and to the Mongols. The main haplogroup of the Ewenic peoples (Evenks, Evens, Oroqens, and Negidals) is the C2b1a2（M48）subclade (and especially its C-M86 subclade) of Haplogroup C2b.
Besides the Ewenic peoples, C-M86 is also common among Mongols
C2 Highest frequencies
Oroqen 61%-91%C2b
Evenks 12.9%- 71%C2b
Ulchi 69%C2b
Nivkhs 38%-71%C2b
2，K2a-NO (M214)=N+O=N1a+O2+O1
N1a/Northern Tungusic
Haplogroup N Y-DNA is also found among Ewenic peoples with varying frequency. Haplogroup N Y-DNA among Evenks in the basin of the Yenisei River and the Taimyr Peninsula most often belongs to the N1a2b-P43 subclade, which they share mainly with the Samoyedic and Ugric peoples of Western Siberia.
Haplogroup N among Evenks, Evens, and Negidals in Eastern Siberia (the basin of the Lena River and parts to its south or east) belongs mainly to the N1a1-Tat subclade, haplotypes of which they often share either with Yakut or with Buryat.
N1 Highest frequencies
Nenets people 56.8%N1a2b-P43，40.5% N1a1-Tat
Nganasan people 92.11%N1a2b-P43 ，5%C，3%O
Yakut people 94% N1a1-Tat (N1a1a1a1a4-M2019>N-M1993）
O2+O1/ Southern Tungusic
The modern Manchu people show relatively high amounts of Haplogroup O2, which is common among Chinese and Koreans, and Haplogroup O1b2, which is common among Japanese and Koreans.
Korean=20%-37%O1b2+(40%O2 +15%C2)
Japanese=35-40%D1+(30%-35%O1b2+15-20%O2)
Sino-Tibetan
Tibetan=51.6% D1 + 33.9% O2+ 2.6% C2
Y-chromosome haplogroup O2-M122 is a common DNA marker in Han Chinese, as it appeared in China in prehistoric times. It is found in at least 36.7% to over 80% of Han Chinese males in certain regions.Other Y-DNA haplogroups that have been found with notable frequency in samples of Han Chinese include
13,0%O1a+ 12,0%C2+ 10,3%N1+ 7,2%O1b
+ 4,2%Q1
Hey man! Love your channel. Are you going to talk about the legend of Crassus' Lost Legion? Greetings from Argentina!🇦🇷🇦🇷😊👍🏻
Thanks holyfreak86! The theory of Crassus' Lost Legion lost legion in China has actually been debunked. There are no credible DNA or archeological evidence that the villagers of Liqian were descended from them.
@@CoolHistoryBros oh ok. And what about the legend of Prester John's Kingdom in Asia? I know it wasn't real, but is interesting how that legend captivated many in the West.
@@CoolHistoryBros If you want to make a video about the Legend of Prester John, let me know. I researched and wrote about it back in university, and I think you'll like it because it involves how Europe tried to understand the Khitan and Mongols, even forming the Franco-Mongol alliance.
Also, I can't remember if the villagers of Liqian are descended from the Tocharians of the Western Regions or not, but I do think the Han Dynasty fought against descendants of Alexander the Great's army. During the Han Dynasty's westward expeditions, its forces encountered a city-state fielding a fish-scale formation (魚鱗陣) armed with spears (not swords, meaning not the Roman gladius), which is how the Greek hoplites would have fought.
I'm natively fluent in Mandarin and can read and write both Standard Chinese and Simplified Chinese. I've researched the Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan era, the Mongol expansion everywhere, and the Han Dynasty, with an emphasis on the Han Dynasty's relationship with the Western Regions, especially under 漢武帝、漢昭帝、漢宣帝 and would be glad to support your channel in any way.
I've been studying the relationships of the Tang and Qing with the Western Regions too. 張議潮 is a fascinating figure, and his exploits later set the stage for the rise of the Tanguts.
Will you do a series on 水浒传?
Was it the Jianzhou Jurchens who started the Jin dynasty?
I swear ive heard this guy's voice before
Can you do Hmong history?
Is the practice of sleeping with other tribe’s women why the Khara-Kitai were referred to as being “without honor” in age of empires II?
CN is the Haplogroup of Altaic people.
the N came from East Asia and currently share genetics with the Siberian North Asians
All East Asians with Y-Haplogroup O have partial origins shared with Southeast Asian farmers.
Another point made by academic is that Y-Haplogroup C is original Haplogroup of Northeast Asia which get replaced by Y-Haplogroup O from Southern China.
Basically Korean, Manchu and Japanese Y-Haplogroup O2b (or O1b2) is a sister clade of Austra-Asiatic Y-Haplogroup O1b1. They are originally very closely related.
Southern Han Chinese derive partial ancestry from ancestral Proto-Austronesians who had Y-Haplogroup O1a, which is the oldest branch of O1 Haplogroup.
Proto-Turks were genetically and linguistically closer to Mongols and Tungusic people. Their Homeland was Manchuria hg NOC. These are Northeast Asian People.
East Asian Ydna=NCO+DQ
1，N-M231
Turkic languages：Yakut，Khakas
Finno-Ugric：Nenets people，Nganasan people，Finns
2，C-M217 Mongolian Kazakhs Manchu
Native American C2b1a1a
Genghis Khan s Golden Family C2b C2c
Aisin Gioro C2b1a3a* (C-M401*, (xF5483))
Liao civilization C2e
3，O-M175 Chinese Korean Japanese
O1=O1a+O1b1+O1b2 ，The Liangzhu/Hemudu culture
O1a→Austronesian
FujianO1a→Taiwan→Philippines→Oceania→
Austronesian，Taiwanese aborigines89.6%O1a
O1a，O1b1→Tai-Kadai/Zhuang/Baiyue people→Laos,Thailand
O1b1→The natives of Mainland Southeast Asia
O1b2→Korean
O2→Sino-Tibetan=Han chinese+Tibetan
D-Japanese，Tibetan，Ainu people
Q-Turkmen（Karakalpakiya 73%
）, Native American，Inuit，Yeniseian people
Ydna N+C
1，Northern Tungusic：Evenks，Evens，Oroqen
2，Mongolic languages：Buryats，mongolian，Kalmyks
3，Paleo-Siberian：Chukchi people
4，Turkic：Tuvans，Kazakh，Dolgans，Yukaghir people
Ydna C+O
1，Southern Tungusic：Manchu，Xibe
2，Southern Mongolic
3，Northern Chinese, Korean
Ydna O+D
Japanese，Tibetan
East Asian mtDNA=ABCD
A（Its highest frequencies are among Native Americans, its largest overall population is in East Asia, and its greatest variety (which suggests its origin point) is in East Asia. Thus, it might have originated in and spread from the Far East）
B（The greatest variety of haplogroup B is in China. It is therefore likely that it underwent its earliest diversification in mainland East or South East Asia）
C (predominantly indigenous Siberian, though some branches are present in the Americas, East Asia, and eastern and northern Europe).
D (predominantly northern East Asian, such as Japanese, Okinawan, Korean, Manchu, Mongol, Han Chinese, Tibetan, etc., but also having several branches among indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Mongoloid face
East Asian face
1，Chinese Korean Janpanese face
Ydna O+mtDNA B=Southern Chinese
Ydna O+mtDNA CD =North Chinese
Ydna O1b2+mtDNA CD =Korean，Janpanese/Yayoi
2，Janpanese/Jomon people，Tibeto-Burman languages face
Ydna D1a1+mtDNA G=Tibetan
Ydna D1a2+mtDNA CD=Janpanese/Jomon people
Ydna D1a2+mtDNA MND=Ainu people
3，Vietnamese people, Thai people face
Ydna O1b1 O1a+mtDNA BF
North Mongol face
Ydna C+mtDNA CD=Mongolian，Tungusic peoples
Ydna N+mtDNA CD=Yakut，Khakas，Nenets people，Nganasan people
Ydna NC+mtDNA CD=Buryats，Evenks，Evens，Oroqen，Chukchi people，Tuvans，Dolgans，Yukaghir people，Kazakh
Native American face
Ydna Q+mtDNA ACD=Native American，Eskimo & Inuit
Ydna Q+mtDNA HU=Turkmen
Mongolia, Manchu people，Oroqen people，Evenks，Buryats，Nganasan people，Chinese，Tibetan，Japanese and Korean→80%-100%noc+dq/East Asian/Mongoloid
mixed race
The modern Turkic people are a mixture of Eurasian People. These includes Indo-Iranian and Indo-European tribes of Central Asia who becomes Turkic for 2000 years ago. This tribes are members of Haplogroup R1a in Central Asia.
Kazakhstan
70.63%nocqd+mtDNA CD→
Mongoloid face
nocqd+mtDNA HU→Eurasian face(mixed ancestry)
Kyrgyzstan→50.1%nocq
Uyghurs→30%-35%nocd
Uzbekistan→27.1nocq
Yeniseian people/Kets→93.7%q
Yakuts→94%n
Europid→jrgei
Iranian peoples→70%jrge
Pashtun→90%jrgel
Anatolian Turks→80%jrgel
Martine Robbeets suggests that the Turkic peoples were descended from a Transeurasian agricultural community based in northeast China, which is to be associated with the Xinglongwa culture and the succeeding Hongshan culture（hg NCO）. The East Asian agricultural origin of the Turkic peoples has been corroborated in multiple recent studies.
All Neo-Siberians have origins in Northeast Asia including Korea. They split from common ancestors from Northeast Asians before migrating to absorb Paleo-Siberians/R1aQ.
Korea C12.9 D2.5 N3.8 O1a 3.1 O1b 33.4 O2 42.1 Q1.8
Manchuria C14.3 D0 N5.7 O1a 2.9 O1b 8.6 O2 65.7 Q0
Western Japan C7.2 D26.8 O1a 4.1 O1b 37.1 O2 23.9
Tibet C2.6 D51.6 N4.5 O2 33.9 Q3.2
Han chinese
O2
O1a 13,0%
C- M217 12,0%
N-M231 10,3%
O1b 7,2%
Q-M242 4,2%
The original turkic people N are very similar to O (chinese，korean，japanese), they came from the same gene haplogroup NO but absolutely different from J（J1+J2/Turkey） Type of east Mediterranean people.
Song Huizong literally just said screw this I’m outta here.
Hey bro, aren't you the one who taught me how to DnD?
I can't wait for ya boy Kongming!
"it's a punishment but not for you, for the khitan women"
what madlads lol
I liked the video and appreciate to know these dynasties formed by non han chinese. Also, I'm looking forward to hearing more about Zhuge Liang. Finally, in this video (and also in the Liao Dynasty video) you mentioned titles like Son Emperor and Father Emperor, Nephew Emperor and Uncle Emperor, but there was no subtitle with these titles in ideograms; so I was curious to see how it's written, but I couldn't find anything about it :(
“Son Emperor": 兒皇帝
Source: 資治通鑑 卷281, zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7281
其後契丹主屢止帝上表稱臣，但令為書稱「兒皇帝」，如家人禮。
After that, the Khitan King declined the Emperor's appeals for subordinate several times, and only ordered him to address himself as "Son Emperor" and treated him like family.
The exact word for "Father Emperor" (should be 父皇帝) doesn't exist in historical records but it can be deduced.
The exact words for "Uncle Emperor" and "Nephew Emperor" also don't exist in historical records. However it is recorded that in the Longxing Treaty in 1163 （隆興和議） the Song Emperor should call the Jin Emperor "叔" (younger brother of father). After Song's military defeat and the Jiading Treaty in 1208 （嘉定和議）the Song Emperor called the Jin Emperor "伯" (elder brother of father).
Damn, my head hurts... so the manchu people are a mixture of people?
Yeah. They are mixture of jurchen and many nomadic people
the Jurchens, Khitan, etc. became Manchu later on, they are not Chinese
The Southern Song Dynasty territory reminded me of what if The Tsarist Russian conquest of Northern China became successful in 1905.
Yellow Russia plan? I am sure that if it succeeds, the Russians will be permanently removed from Europe and the Russian-European relations will deteriorate further. 😉
How the heck 700,000 nomadic horse riders lost to 10,000 sedentery horse riders? How’s
that even possible.
Battle of Hubudagang. Actually the number 700000 was written by Jurchens to make the battle more epic...Most of the soldier numbers in this period is exaggerated. In another source National Record of Khitan, Liao rallied about 100000 soldiers while Jurchens had 20000. Jurchen Army chose to avoid other troops and charged directly to the guards of Liao emperor and caused massive chaos. Still, it was the most glorious victory of Jin though/
Apart of number inflation the jurchen might have being more organised.
@@nidohime6233 It wasn't 10.000 Jurchen.
10.000 were the elite Jurchen iron tower guard.
7:44 lol based
20 years ago Identity politics also use in North East China on Goguryeo by current Chinese government, as a oversea Chinese it is no only Cringe but weird. No wonder those Korean are unhappy.😂
@杨波涛 This guy basically learned his history from those CCP-sponsored bull dung lol
The Liao River Civilization(遼河文明)
興隆窪文化 (Xinglongwa culture): 6200~5400 BC -> major Y-DNA: N
趙宝溝文化 (Zhaobaogou culture): 5400~4500 BC -> major Y-DNA: N
紅山文化 (Hongshan culture): 4700~2900 BC -> major Y-DNA: N O2 C2
夏家店下層文化 (Xiajiadian culture): 2200~1600 BC -> major Y-DNA: O2
中国东北三个主流单倍群就是N1O2C2，很显然他们在满洲或者北蒙古形成阿尔泰，阿尔泰的后裔是蒙古人/C2N1O2+R1aQ,北通古斯人N1C2+R1aQ，南通古斯人O2C2+O1b2，现代突厥人C2N1O2+R1aJG，乌拉尔人N1C2+R1a
R1a是印欧人单倍群，分成中亚支R1a1a1b2和东欧斯拉夫支系R1a1a1b1，东亚人里占比极少
Q是古西伯利亚单倍群，很早去了美洲，东亚人里占比很少
满洲里 (C2e+O2a) → 朝鲜半岛 O1b2 → 朝鲜人
南岛人单倍群是O1a或者O1b1，O1b2 不是南岛人单倍群，但是他们是远亲，所以O1b2 肯定不是阿尔泰
现代韩国人应该是朝鲜半岛的土著O1b2和来自满洲的东夷人的混合体，C2+O2占韩国人口50%-60%
C2是东北亚通古斯突厥蒙古人单倍群，O2有华北人有关或者说汉藏语族
@杨波涛 There is no evidence that the Buyeo people are Han Chinese or Manchurian. If you have, you should present it. China's record is clearly under the category of Dongyi(東夷), which means East barbarians, and there is no record of han Chinese relation anywhere in the record. In addition, the three-legged crow is a symbol widely used not only by China but also by the Manchus and the Japanese, which originated from the Northern nomads' sacredness of birds. And the Goguryeo's Sasindo(四神圖) are just symbols of Taoism. No Korean thinks that the Chinese stole Buddhism from india just because there are many Buddhist statues in China. Sometimes mainland Chinese seem to have a serious paranoia in Korea.
@杨波涛 And Goguryeo is clearly the country that founded by buyeo. Buyeo is made up of a tribe of kings and four subordinates, each of which has a symbol animal. Yutnori, which is played every holiday in modern Korea(both North and South), comes from ancient buyeo. Each corner of a rectangle has a path to center. This symbolizes the king's tribe and the four servant tribes.
In this game, '도개걸윳모' means dogs, horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs. And this represent the four tribes of Buyeo, Maga(馬加) Uga(牛加), Jeoga(猪加), and Guga(狗加), + king's tribe. This is more than 2,000 years old. Does Buyeo's culture remain in China?
Also, Buyeo wore white clothes. This is a long-standing culture of Korea, and most people wore white clothes according to Buyeo's tradition until the Joseon Dynasty
@杨波涛 I was just going to pass by, but your level is too low, so I should write more.
1. Bring to me just one ancient record that the Buyeo tribe is the Han Chinese. I have read all the articles such as the 三國志, 前漢書, 後漢書, and 史記, but I have not found such a record.
2. It is also a clear fraud that the Buyeo costumes were Han Chinese culture.
Buyeo's clothes have never been found, only indirectly identified through Goguryeo murals.
3. Again, if China is a descendant of Buyeo, why is there no record of inheriting Buyeo for thousands of years?
4. The culture style of putting feathers on hats is clearly not Chinese, but a nomadic style like Mongolia-Turk-Ancient Korea.
The basis for this is the worship of birds. There is still "Sotdae" in Korea. This is what makes the sacred bird rest for a while. Birds are also considered sacred in Mongolia. Especially, swans. And so is the Turk people.It can also be explained linguistically and systematically at the same time. Your explanation for this is just to assume that the Chinese would have just loved the feathers, imbued with the human spirit of 3,000 years ago?
I laugh at China's excellent logic.
5. Also, what does rarely use Chinese characters in modern Korea have to do with the discussion now? Is it your pride to write the world's most complex characters until the 21st century?
The mainland Chinese I met had no manners like you several times. This is why you Chinese have become the worst tourists in every country in the world. They have low popularity and do not experience democracy, so they do not know any respect for their opponents.
I just want to add that defining Song into Chinese while Mo Jurchen into something else is misleading. There's no evidence anywhere stating that Song people was called "Chinese" back then.
Song is a legitimate Chinese dynasty, unlike the Jurchen, Khitans, etc. who were not Chinese people at all, they didn't speak Chinese, but came from the area of Mongolia... Han, Tang, Ming, Song are the main dynasties
Who am I? How you call us? You are Manzi 蛮子 (barbarian man) -Ah Ok
And land outside the wall? Mango 蛮国 (Mangolia -barbarian state)
Hey man, have you ever thought of exploring other Asian nations other than those in East Asia? It would be interesting if you cover Southeast Asian histories!
In part he already did it. He made videos about the Mongol invasions of Vietnam and Java, and about the last Sassanid prince of Iran who escaped to China after the Islamic conquest of his country.
It hard to find Southeast Asia history because everything country has their narration of the region each claim to be legitimate native and the owner of the land. I'm don't want to say much because history is written by the winner my country history mean nothing at the end because we are at the losing end og bargain
it's all mongol
So Jurchen's can be considered Korean?
The ancestors of the Qing and Jin dynasties were ancient Koreans.
However, that does not mean that the Qing and Jin dynasties are Korean history.
@@제임스홍-h2l that’s because unlike Chinese and Mongols Koreans really care about pure bloods.
@@제임스홍-h2l well, yes, I think when they conquered Northern China, they intermarried with the rest of the Chinese. I've heard some people considered the Hsi Hsia kingdom to be included as Chinese as well as the traditional Song Dynasty.
@@destiny_6204 Chinese are basically a mixture of multiple East Asian Ethnicities.
@@_Wai_Wai_ no, the Xi Xia were Tanguts, not Chinese people at all, the name was given to them
What comes around goes around. Mongol humiliated Jin, later manchu (Jin) humiliated them back . Today, both became the most weakest group on China
Why is their name Jinn? Are they the offspring of a man who married a Jinn? 😮😮😮
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب jurchen = Jin Dynasty. Later nurhaci who was Jin called themselves Manchu. Manchu was one of the most impressive minorities in China that able to conquered billions of Han Chinese and ruled for 300 years
@@tedcleveland8488 It seems that they love the jinn in Islam, this is strange
Manchus do exist in China right? Some han conspiracy theorists say they now holds big positions in Chinese media, government etc
Where did the billion Han Chinese come from? Are you serious? There were not one billion Han Chinese in China at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and one billion Han Chinese came after the PRC.
Sounds familiar.
Ya Boi
Bro please one hindi chanel
They actually had best heavy armor and best heavy cavalries in the entire world during 12th century. Heavy cold steel Lamellar is getting close to plate armor
According to official histrory books of Jin(Gold 金史), his ancestor came from Shilla kingdom, and never invaded Goryeo because Goryeo was motherland.
yes!
Both the Qing and Jin Dynasty history books and Chinese history books reveal that they originated in Korea.
Of course, that does not mean that the Qing Dynasty and Jin Dynasty are part of Korean history.
Qing Dynasty descendant of Jin Dynasty
Hoping to see ming, qing and yuan after this. Although I would prefer not to see yuan lol
Why?
Yuan was ruled by Mongols which is amazing. don't you think?
CatBoom I prefer northern wei run by xianbei mongols, northern qi. They United all the Qiang, Xiongnu, xianbei and Han under one banner. Same with Liao, and Qing. I like Altai people but I don’t like Genghis khan. Northern wei, qi, Liao and Qing has given China a lot more than what the Mongols did. Plus there were castes even for people who were closer in dna to the Mongol. But the Turks get all the high caste
CatBoom that and Genghis wiped out a lot of Chinese and yuan was one of the worse dynasty..: didn’t try to sinicized. I’m not even sure how northern yuan would fare
@@Willxdiana I pretty much understand what you're saying, but do not underestimate Genghis Khan.
Yuan was a successful dynasty, I'm not sure how successful in comparison with other dynasties, but it was successful.
The fact that Khan ruled China is really interesting, and finally something special among all of these Chinese dynasties.
CatBoom no. It was hurting Chinese people, Mongol people and jurchens. No unity. So much that Mongols stayed in Ming when they left. Qing had mongols, Chinese and jurchen working together and had the biggest territory and sincized
Ultra nationalistic koreans may called them their close ethnic relatives 🤣🤣🤣
Ultranationalists (x) Pan-Koreanists (O) lol
accordnig to 滿洲源流考, Manchu people (Qing Dynasty ruling class) considered they share their ancestors with Koreans.
Obviously, some Yeojin(Jurchen) people often settled in northern Korea as part of Korean, and vice versa. For a long time, however, Koreans thought of the Yeojin people as savages. There is a little record that some northern regions that are close to jurchen considered them as cousins. But this is an exceptional case. In most cases, including the North, the Yeojin people were the main enemy of Koreans. Except for some of the ruling classes (for example, the Tungdran known as the Izziran), the Yeojin were treated as slaves. Goryeo and Joseon attempted to subjugate the Yeojin people like the Goguryeo-Balhae period in the past, but both failed. This military threat from Korea rather united the Yeojin people, which ultimately led to the birth of the Geum and Qing dynasties. It's funny to see some modern radical nationalists claiming that the Yeojin people were our brothers. It is not an exaggeration to say that Korea's golden and dark ages are directly related to winning or losing the war against the Yeojin people.
According to my university friend who studies medieval philosophy, scholars in Joseon seriously discussed whether barbarians could be considered as human. In this discussion, the Yeojin people and the Japanese people were mentioned, and the Yeojin people were the most important topics.
@@한준-h6y To be honest, I often see Koreans say that Jurchen and Manchu are from Korea. I just watched KBS 역사스페셜 - 만주대탐사 2편, 금태조 아골타 신라인의 후예였다 / KBS 20090905 방송 on RUclips just now. . .
I don't know how popular these sayings are in Korea though. I would appreciate it if you could tell me the current situation.
Half sillan half goryean
Founding jin dynasty
The khitans lost became weak bec of miss manigment and wrong pick of successors
What you mean??
@@khusugten3773 its still debated till now
The identity politics of "Chinese" still exist to this day..uff
YES!! FINALLY!! THE GREAT QING GIT THE SPOT LIGHT!!
It’s always confused me how the Chinese differentiate between the Han ethnic group and other ethnic groups in China and surrounding China. I’m pretty sure you can just call the Jurchen people and current Manchu people Chinese at this point. It shouldn’t really matter if they were able to rule over China.
because the Jurchen, Khitan, Manchu, etc. are not Chinese at all, they don't speak Chinese, many people get them confused and put them all with Chinese people, the Yuan and Qing were Mongolian foreigners who controlled China, that's like saying all Vikings / Huns / Goths etc. are Roman, no they were not the same at all
@@danielzhang1916 Mongolians are descendants of Donghu, while Mongolians are descendants of Khitan.
9:30 I am Mong or Miao. I am pretty sure our racism/derogatory towards Han came from these Jurchen Jin guys 😂.
Our ancestors call Han Chinese specifically (most likely the Southern Song time period) NanMan, Shu(Shu Han 10:18) and Yi(either refer Dong Yi or Tibetan Yi) 😂. The irony of it all.
This is not the first time though. See Eastern Jin or Liu Song 😂.
Good to know.
you guys got it wrong, Nanman 南蛮 and Yi were names that the Chinese gave to the non-Chinese speaking peoples around them, you can look it up if you want, that's why the names are in Chinese, Shu Han was one of the three major states that competed over China in the Three Kingdoms period
满洲和金关系不大，只是小部分女真融入满洲而已
i dont know. calling tang, jin, khitan and qing being called a chinese dynasty feels wrong to me. they conquered chinese land and then they stayed long enough and became chinese history. i get it but is it actually chinese? isnt han chinese is only really recognized as true chinese in china? official canon of the history for them really. thats why they rebel every 200 or so years and change its head of the state.
Tang?
Tang is chinese
unless you mean the Tanguts, Tang Dynasty is a real Chinese dynasty, Jin / Khitan / Qing were not Chinese at all, but people from the area of Mongolia, they are part of history but not considered legitimately Chinese, they just took Chinese names when they controlled China
@@danielzhang1916 You're talking nonsense, Mongolia is a descendant of Khitan people, not Khitans are Mongols. You're like saying your grandfather is your grandson.
@@Ye_fan. Mongolians come from xiongnu bro
im manchu where is my turkish sisters
Han people were not actually related to modern day Han Chinese. There's eight types of Han - During Jin, Yuan and Qing, This was used but modern day Han Chinese took this name by themselves. Hence why there's confusion.
the Jin were Jurchen, the Yuan were Mongol, the Qing were Manchu, none of them were actually Chinese, Han is what the Chinese people first called themselves, you guys are actually confusing yourselves instead
@@danielzhang1916 Oh, the Xiongnu also gained independence from the Han ethnic group. So the Xiongnu were Chinese??
@@Ye_fan. no, the Xiongnu were not Chinese, don't know what you mean by "independence from the Han", the Chinese are Han
@@danielzhang1916 Yes, most of the Xiongnu were Han people who fled from the Central Plains during the Warring States Period. This is a large part of the reason for the initial formation of the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu tribe appeared a long time ago, already in the Shang Dynasty.
@@danielzhang1916 The Xiongnu first appeared in the present-day Inner Mongolia region, and later slowly migrated to the desert grasslands, which are now Mongolia. I cannot say that there were no indigenous people at that time, but I definitely integrated with the locals. For example, the Siberian indigenous people were also the ancestors of the earliest Xianbei and Khitan peoples.
The jurchens will sleep after this one fall until they rising again.
Maybe for Koreans , China only belongs to Han ethnicity, China is made up of 56 ethnic groups，56 ethnic groups form one big family, the real Goguryeo and Balhae descendants living in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang provinces are not dead, Goguryeo and Balhae history belongs to China and North Korea, only difference ethnic Han Chinese conquered ethnic Goguryeo Chinese, Goguryeo and Balhae conquered Korea 🤗
This is not a channel for history if you so liberally inject your own unproven subjective interpretations into it. "Identity politics" or "nationalism" are modern concepts. Tribalism might be more apt to the period you're discussing. Even then, there were more important factors at play. In particular, there were Han crossing ethnic lines joining the Jurchens. People obviously looked out for their individual interests rather than their ethnic allegiance. The Southern Song Emperor killing Yue Fei rather than pressing victories against the Jurchen is another example of selfish interest rather than rescuing the hostage Emperor and losing power to the rescued Emperor. In any case, your interpretation of history is subject to dispute and not generally accepted by consensus.
Technically the Bible means many books. Just bound in one. Interesting stuff BTW.
Nice 👍 worshipping cao
"Jin" is actually same as "Kim". So it should be called "Kim Dynasty" by the West and "Jin" by the Chinese!
trying to cover up your colonial heritage, it's ok keep seething