Q: Is sunlight able to kill viruses and bacteria? Does humidity affect the transmission? I've seen published medical documents that dispute what msm is issuing by script.
I took a virology course in graduate school almost a decade ago, what an incredible distance we have come. As a microbiologist myself I really appreciate putting your lecture up.
How do we know the genome of the virus?As someone on the west isolated or finally done the 4 gold standard tests? We were just told the Chinese mixed RNA from the liquid in 7 of the lungs of 200 infected with whatever. But had a test before they had anything tangible. Can't believe anything they say. So who an when was wuhan a factor. There's possible cases from September! ? Só why bat nonsense is being talked about its not real science face it.
Thank you for this. I am a Candian biochemist stuck in Brazil. I decided to help the local authorities out. This brings me up to speed. I shared it among the English-speaking doctors as well.
Can anyone share the time stamp for when she addresses how a respiratory virus penetrates the hosts brain cells causing them to run out and buy all the toilet paper? Or is that a different lecture?
The manner in which material is presented is exceptional. To pack such amount of information in just one lecture is evidence of years of teaching the best students.This is an excellent example of excellent teaching for all teachers in academia
Even not being among the intended audience, i´ve been able to follow most of the lecture and have learnt quite a lot from it, and it´s really interesting, many thanks
A deeper look into any form of nature is fascinating, and we all would benefit from a better understanding in many ways. Better appreciation for our place in the biosphere, more insights into maintaining health, and maybe, just maybe, some insights into the human brain which could lead to improved social behavior.
@ferzy09 Nothing is going to prove intelligent design. The only thing that might cast a measure of doubt on evolution by natural selection is a bio-mathematical approach which shows that 3 billion years just isn't enough time to generate the observed (and growing) level of complexity in organisms. Unquestionably, evolution is a real and powerful mechanism. There may, however, be some surprises that lie ahead. (There always are!). All theories (including Darwin's) have a range of convenience.
What a beautiful, clear minded, articulate, logical, level, educated, balanced, reasoned and highly intelligent voice. Very many thanks!! A perfect lecture.
hey, im a student that makes a project for school about the recent coronavirus epidemic. your video is a huge help for me. but i have one question, i did not understand what is helical nucleocapsid, can you explain it for me agen?
Prof. G. Thank you for the wonderful, insightful presentation. I have to point out one thing. ACE 2 is an enzyme and has substrates (angiotensin 1 and 2). There is no ACE 2 receptor. SARS Covid 2 uses ACE 2 as a "receptor" to enter the cell. So ACE2 is a "receptor" for SARS Covid 2 and one may call ACE2 an SARS Covid 2 receptor. It actually functions as an acceptor. Pharmacologically, a receptor, upon being bound by a ligand, should trigger a cascade of biochemical/physiological reactions. Virologists use the term receptor differently.
@@TopGunMan "Circumstantial evidence is used in civil courts to establish or refute liability. It is usually the most common form of evidence, for example in product liability cases and road traffic accidents. Forensic analysis of skid marks can frequently allow a reconstruction of the accident. " Guess investigators and lawyers are just a bunch of 'conspiracy theorists' too.
Hello I would like to understand several important topics, and I'm not able to find suitable information about it. Could you try to help: Where I can see, or understand the construction of Covid-19 - as vertical structure analyze from the Spike to the center of the virus. I would like to understand how the protein types and components are compiled and contained in the relation from center to outside the virus and opposite. Most of the places I see - top is spike protein, then we have envelope proteins, then what is bellow that in direction to the core of the protein, how relations are formed-combined. Is there any functional relation to that vertical organization? What about the rest of the proteins, where I can see them compiled and organized in a structure. I'm trying to make a 3D model, but some of the proteins, I cannot find information how to organize them properly. I would appreciate any suggestion or help. Thank you!
Bacteria defend themselves from bacteriophages by producing restriction enzymes that recognize a palindromic segment in the viral genome, often no longer than six pairs of nitrogenous bases. Perhaps specific restriction enzymes capable of recognizing and cleaving one palindromic segment in the +mRNA from viruses could be isolated and delivered to cells via liposomes and fusion peptides, to hopefully cleave viruses in the cytoplasm of cells.
Many thanks for this. As a clinician, this sort of exposition is incredibly helpful in gaining a better understanding of what we are trying to manage (treat?). The link between basic science and clinical medicine is always a challenge and this sort of background knowledge is invaluable when thinking about what we are seeing in patients.
Great lecture. Very informative. I would love for Dr. Glaunsinger to give a follow-up lecture. Now that it has been almost two months with 10x more cases and more information I would love to hear her take on what's happening now.
is it possible CV remains latent in part of body to reemerge at time of immune suppression ? qua herpes ? any reason to think it can have a dengue type response to second exposure ? I wis I studied genetics and microbiology
Not likely. Coronaviruses are RNA only viruses, thankfully not retroviruses like HIV, that can actually integrate into our DNA. Herpes viruses are DNA viruses that can transport to the nucleus, and code for transcripts to enter a latent phase.
Prof G, you stated there is a delayed interferon response in coronavirus infection. Can it explain the "reactivation" observed clinically? We have seen some patients were getting better then suddenly got worse, even died.
Hi I wanted to ask about a proper enzymatic assay for RNA Dependent RNA polymerase activity that we can use in the lab for testing antiviral activity and it has no radioactive thing in it
is there any special reason why CV did not effect humans up to very recently in our evolutionary development ? are they common in many animal species and id there anything interesting about the species they evolved to infect ? is there any reason to believe CV would have special characteristics that may lend its use to biological weapons use ? in particular with regard to its huge information load with a view to say genetic warfare ? there has yet to be a CV vaccine for sars or any CV is there a specific resaon for this ? why would immune memory not give immunity or protection for this specific virus even if anti bodies decress over time? what determines immunity post immune response
Very Brilliant of your Discussion Professor. I would be interested to know, what are the underlying aspects of such tremendous diversity in viral strains.? can we attribute the phenomenons of Epitope transformation and genetic variability due to absence of proof reading mechanism.? or some species mediated interactions in response to which viral pathogenesis has become stronger.? and do we have some counter act approaches to fight these virruses.? I would like to have your expertise in this regard. Thank you.
I'm dentist and not a virologist, most of the talk was understandable. as a layman my query is how significant is ACE2 receptor in the pathogenesis.my second query is how different is the pathogenesis of the virus in young healthy individuals who are silent carriers.
ACE2 receptor role is very well established. It serves as a docking station for viral particle and mediates the fusion of its envelope with the cell membrane allowing viral RNA enter the cell. The role of ACE inhibitors or other drugs and conditions that result in more (or less) of ACE2 protein present is controversial. While it's an attractive hypothesis that standard ACE inhibitors known to cause increased accumilation of ACE2 on cell surface can be increasing one's chances of getting infected (or worsening the prognosis for infected individuals), there are results both supporting this hypothesis and rejecting it. For more of excellent medical science on COVID-19 - watch this webinar: ruclips.net/video/Jdb67eDkkyc/видео.html (start at 14:30)
Thank you.... I was wondering if breathing exercise has any affect in improving the lung health and thereby delyaying or even preventing the viral pathogenesis.
Another theory of mine that I’ve been contemplating for many of years. I try to modify it little by little. Deals with cell regeneration and the destruction of harmful bacteria, viruses and cancer. As humans we can be severely impacted by sound, particular frequencies can alter our perception, destabilize out mood for the better or worse. An example on how our perception and mood cause specific cells to aid us or harm us just by hearing sounds or specific frequencies .here are minor examples, if a person hears a particular crying of a baby one can either be concern with mixtures of depression, horror which then triggers certain synapses within our receptors to alter out mood. The sound of our lover can trigger a sexually aroused feeling. That certain specific frequency of a loved one in pain can cause a whole array of chemical imbalances, from nausea, depression, anger, confusion. If I go as far to say that if animate frequencies can cause anything from extreme joy which cause certain molecules to be released within us then inanimate sounds as well can cause, frightening , joy, confusion, anger… etc. an example if a person is all of sudden is caught of guard by the massive sound of an explosion it will cause an elevation of symptoms, which can cause a lot of people to become sick for a short or for a prolonged time. So, if humans can be affected by frequencies so imagine a particular recording of subatomic harmonic frequency of a specific terrifying sound or the specific frequencies that human bones generate when they are repairing it self or the specific time when bones are being produced at birth. That specific frequency could in theory awaken dormant cells to fully start regrowing a lost limb. All cells create their own distinctive sounds in how they travel throughout our body. cells know how to communicate which each other and other cells and when a foreign molecule enters our body the specific molecule or molecules generate their own frequencies, whether those molecules be animate or inanimate. Every cell has its own unique frequency. This just a minor theory for which I have more to explain. So by now it is safe to say that if frequencies can cause us to be heal or harm us. Let say that a person has a virus in a body or some cancer or a foreign molecule which is harmful and can cause death. If one were to isolate for example , specific types of cancers or Ebola or corona19… etc in a controlled laboratory to find out at what specific frequency a certain type of cancer dies at for example just letting it die all on its with out a host just letting it plainly die. Recording the frequencies from the initial beginning of the experiment all the way until it starts to die to its last moment. The whole point is to purposely let it die an animate molecule. To capture the frequency when it’s all healthy an wandering around inside host an extracting a sample out of a host until it dies. So now that the frequency is now recorded, what might you think could happen if one plays that specific moment in time when the virus is dying. Being able to narrow and calibrate the minutes that can cause the virus or viruses to molecularly become sick all due to hearing it self, one cannot dismiss the notion that a virus doesn’t have emotions or is somewhat pragmatic because it does if it wasn’t true then it wouldn’t multiply it self to further its existence. A virus is either an incompetent or highly intelligent molecule one or the other, but one can’t deny that it’s alive. I have more on theory on constructing the recording devices and where one might be able to hold such experiments. Keep in mind bacteria, viruses are alive until they aren’t.
This is one of the most amazing talk i could ever come across about the structural details of Corona virus in context of mutational potential and probable targets for drug development. I might borrow some knowledge for my own understanding and spreading of awareness in here countries bereft of educational and research facilities and governmental intent for it. Thank you for this Leviathan of a task.
Excellent...I would suggest that a pointer of some type be used to highlight the specific areas as you present each slide/page. Allows the viewer to more readily 'see' the area being discussed and therefore absorb more...lol
This is an incredibly fascinating presentation. I am so grateful for your commitment to the in depth understanding & logical explaination of this data to both the scientific & lay community. Phenomenal work!
32:08 I have questions about the TRS sequences; 1. Since the ribosome needs to reach the TRS of a sequential gene first, wouldn't the highest product transcript always be at the front? (I.e gene 2's product would be in higher concentration than gene 5?) 1.Another question is that if you had an exact copy of this TRS sequence with its own gene sequence of a random protein that is completely detached from the viral +mRNA strand and floating around in the cytoplasm, would it still be used and copied randomly? -My idea being that we can use a similar process to make viral workhorses and bypassing the need to electroporate E. coli/ use competent bacteria to introduce non-host oriented gene products via vectors. Still would need a way to stop the host cell from lysing open though... Maybe some form of latent bacteria and somehow manage to mass-produce non-virulent strands of viruses to infect vats of cells...
Exosomes are only similar to viruses in that they both carry something wrapped in some membrane and that both get sent out by exocytosis. Saying exosomes make people sick just don’t make sense because… well we all make them with what’s written in our genomes. And CoVs obviously have a different genome.
The 'doctors' stating this is a psychatrist. Not a medical doctor. Do not fall for Russian Troll propoganda. 1. Exosomes don't have foreign DNA. 2. You don't build up antibodies against exosomes as they are not foreign to the body. In a German town 15% of people had antibodies against SARS-Cov-2. 3. If you actually looked on Wikipedia and other sites about exosomes, you'd know they disintegrate as soon as they leave the cell membrane, but here we can see the viruses are external to the cell.
oh, cells want to bring in a lot... Nutrients, ions, signalling molecules as just a few mentions. have a quick overlook of ACE2-R on wiki for example: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme_2
This is too complicated for me and there are so many parameters to look at. The key takeaway from this lecture is: - the delayed immune response which I imagine is associated to the fact they give a range between 2-14 days for symptoms to appear. Is it fair to say for those who get infected taking longer incubation, would end up getting severe/critical symptoms and disease than for those showing up symptoms earlier? How can this be mitigated? The solution seems to be within the body itself, just that it is not 'ticking' the right way.
I have a question how long does it take for sars2 to create the S spike proteins in a natural enviroment to adapt to human cells..5 months ..5 years ..500 ?
I watched this over a year ago. I am still left wondering if and how origin in bats is determined, as opposed to just the bats being a particularly good place to find viruses that exist elsewhere in the virosphere.
TRUTH IS.....THEY DON'T KNOW WHERE VIRUSES ORIGINATE OR IF THEY EVEN EXISTS. ALSO, MUTATION NEVER LEADS TO DARWINIAN EVOLUTION WITH GAIN IN FUNCTION AND "JUMPS SPECIES" WHICH DEFIES ENTROPY!!! THERE ARE NO LAB TESTS THAT CAN IRREFUTABLY DEMONSTRATE A VIRUS!!! THIS IS ALL SPECULATION AND HYPOTHETICAL!!!!
unnerving to hear such a knowledgeable calming voice describe this horrific time. our current global sadness, pain, and death deserves all the transparency labs and specialists can honestly pour out of their brain.
Chart at 59:00 What studies have been pursued of the parallel green line population? That population has an obvious bearing that is so typically ignored.
At around minute 33, the RNA replication process should state clearly the two steps: synthesize negative strand from the original positive strand, then synthesize a new positive strand from the negative strand.
This explanation was amazing! I'm an undergraduate student, only in my 2nd semester of biochem and was able to keep with a lot of it because it was very well explained. I loved it, thank you, and also thank you to all the scientists working tirelessly to fight this.
@ 14:15 cannot we strick or restrict the action of conserved fusion part of spikes.(shown in purple).as that is non variable and can be dealt by pharmaceutical interference as it has very vital role in entering the cell structure.. just suggesting and I am total layman for genomic
Thanks for this lecture. Very thorough! Wondering if the more conserved fusion domain of the S-gp, or the polybasic linker would make a good target for mAb therapeutics?
This is a well presented, informative lecture The question we have to ask ourselves is, has the SARS-COV2 virus proven to be as deadly as first suspected in March? The mortality rate is not so dissimilar to the flu season. Both global and local statistics demonstrate that once one isolates the statistics informing who died with the Covid19 diagnosis with serious life-threatening co-morbidities and those who are said to have died from Covid alone, the mortality rate is in fact considerably lower than generally conveyed. Also, the information regarding the transmission of this viral infection is another question worth considering. The very high number of asymptomatic or mild cases where the tested are in fact not aware of the contamination is interesting. They are not sick or simply suffer cold-like symptoms and do not require medical treatment. The vulnerable age range of susceptibility is an average of 75-80+ years. Younger if one's immunity system is compromised by underlying health issues. The great majority of the population does not have adverse effects from this highly politicized virus. Consequently, the entire issues of the seriousness of this virus relate more to the political responses of Government, many of who are being terrified by the conflicting scientific advice and generally choose the more draconian route to attempt to stem the virus spread. Sweden's example of a cautious approach cannot be dismissed out of hand, their current death rate is extremely low. The problem of contact tracing is the inefficiency of PCR tests providing false positives. It is far too inefficient a testing system to accurately gauge the level of infection cases. Antibody testing is also proving similarly unreliable, The entire concept of immunity is now in question by so many epidemiologists and virologists. Do we rely upon natural biological and Tcell immunity before going back to living a normal pre-covid life or do we wait for a vaccine that may be too long at the experimental stage to be safe or effective? As anti-viral dosages are proving effective within the early stage of viral infection should we be content to rely on natural collective immunity and antiviral remedies, protecting the most vulnerable, instead of continued living in a dystopian and despotic regime imposed upon us by governments in chaos? It is a consideration of balance and risk and the probability of higher mortality rates from non- Covid infection responses. I comment from the UK, other countries respond in differing ways.
Very nice compilation of current knowledge of SARS-COV-2 molecular virology. As a retired biomedical scientist, makes me want to put on a white coat and get back at the bench.
Absolutely fabulous you presented the science extremely well, until we understand fully the biochemistry we cannot create a cure. As a former biochemist and now a doctor. I applaud you on a fabulous presentation.
4 года назад
Does Miss Glausinger explain in this talk how it is possible to have a "pandemic" with out deaths (excess mortality)?
lecture seems very well put together, but it's really over my head without some background information, but I can see the work involved with putting together such an informative lecture, which is appreciated. :)
This wonderful lecture is well above my level of comprehension. It would be great if Dr. Glaunsinger could present a youtube lecture addressed to the lay person showing how SARS CoV-2 could be defeated.
Thank you so much for that lecture Dr Glausinger and IGI team. I was wondering if we are going to be able to figure out with certitud about the intermidiary species that hosted CoV-2 before it jumped into the human species? Is it a matter of more data/research needed or is it like a piece of the puzzle we will never know for sure?
Was boring in the beginning, and then it turned insightful, educational (not only regarding Coronaviruses), interesting and some other adjectives too. Glad I found such a high level source on RUclips.
Please make a video talking about how all the top drugs under testing help fight the virus. Or fail. Also do vitamins help fend off the virus. Especially Vitamin-C and Vitamin-D. Thanks for the great video.
Vit c does two things..reduces cort synthesis and increases type 1 interfering via rig 1..hence it's helpful in the initial response due to it's effect on type 1 interferons and later on due to reduction in cortisol.
@ T. Hepner -- My guess as to why the paper is dated in the future, is so that it will appear as having been said AFTER the government has programmed the Public to BELIEVE what they will tell us to BELIEVE about how govt. efforts to combat this alleged "virus" worked marvelously..... Good observation on your part! I missed that .
Probably because she is releasing findings in this lecture before the journal finishes their more lengthy publication process. Pay no attention to the conspiracy theorists like Human Earthling.
And now 20th September 2020 the CDC has confirmed that out of the 170,000 plus, deaths recorded as covid19 only 6% died from the virus. Public Health England has confirmed that 10 times more people died from the flu than from covid19. 4 months ago the Italian health minister admitted that from the 40,000 plus deaths recorded as covid19 only 12% actually were from the virus.
in theory yes, but that is difficult in patients. A far better approach for the moment (until a vaccine has been available for a while) is cloning antibody IgG genes from recovered patients B cells to generate antibodies that can be produced in culture. These could be injected into patients to buy them time- it would not be a cure, but could lower their viral load.
@@pulkitsharmapremiumvideos9252 agreed (actually a viral RNA vaccine) and there are those working on that too (they are already in P1 trials), but that would still be a year to deploy, months to get into enough people to create immunity, and months more to see an effect on viral spread/disease epidemiology. Recovered serum approaches to fight viruses have been effective, and a cloned B-cell IgG would be even more broadly applicable. Thats just my $0.02 though.
@@bobf5360 But I have read that some experts claim that the serum approach works best for people with the O blood group for unknown reasons. It is less effective or not at all effective for other blood groups. For now a combination of hiv and SARS drugs seems to be working. Many patients have recovered in my city from coronavirus with this combination.
@@pulkitsharmapremiumvideos9252 fair enough, but Cov-2 is new, so I'm not sure how much we can draw from those previous data. What I am talking about though is NOT a serum approach, but cloned B-cell IgG, produced in mass. In any case, these will be available for trial about the same time as trials for vaccines, but they are more immediate treatments than a vaccine, which is only preventative. Yes?
It's fun to watch a virology seminar. According to the data, it's clear that SARS related pathogenesis is INF dependent. However, I also noticed that proteins like 3a and 3b enhance inflammatory transcription factors, NFkB and JNK. Shouldn't that lead to early recruitment of leukocytes and viral clearance?
the mechanisms by which virus genomes rely on their host and how the transcription machinery is modified is really fascinating.. especially the discontinuous transcription and the Exon protein... . I enjoyed this very much, thank you.
As an undergrad biology major, I really enjoyed this in depth and straight forward overview. Thank you for making and uploading this and allowing me to apply and enhance my knowledge!
Dear Sir, Good day. I'm a Bangladeshi doctor. If you don't mind, I am eager to know what is the vector of the corona virus when it is outside the human body? How does it survive and replicate in vitro? We know, it attack olfactory cells and other cells of whole respiratory tract. If the genome mapping is available, is it possible to know the genes related to the production of the spikes at it's surface and host pathogen relationship?
Can anyone tell me what the following means: Assays designed for detection of the 2019-nCoV RNA were tested with characterized stocks of in vitro transcribed full length RNA (N gene; GenBank accession: MN908947.2) of known titer (RNA copies/µL) spiked into a diluent consisting of a suspension of human A549 cells and viral transport medium (VTM) to mimic clinical specimen. Thanks kindly.
I was looking for something like this from some time ... Thank you for providing the authentic scientific information amid this info-demic where research data is hard to find on these media platforms 👏👏👏
This was way way above my level of understanding HOWEVER I believe that what was presented was honest and truthful and I'd sooner put my faith in people like Britt Glaunsinger than the numerous snake oil salespeople and nutjob conspiracy theorists.
I have one question has corona virus 19 been identified? What is in the corona virus 19? Thanks You said 7 corona viruses but this one is called 19. Please.help.
Is it possible for the ribosome to only communicate with the DNA strain and messages?, Is it possible for the DNA strain to watch over the ribosome and cytoplasm, and exit out it's nucleus when the RNA virus string tries to manipulate the ribosome?, Wherever if the DNA strain moves is it possible it will bring the ribosome and away from the RNA virus to avoid the RNA virus string? ,The jumping part did the DNA strain did that? Can the DNA strain exit it's nucleus, and the nucleus will create a prison cell around the manipulator RNA string virus , and don't feed the RNA virus string lipids ,and trap the RNA virus string inside the cytoplasm with it's nucleus, if the DNA leaves the nucleus and the DNA strain brings it's friendly ribosome with it to show the ribosome the DNA strain really really needs ribosome for true protien , and to only talk to DNA strain messages, or DNA strain make a new cytoplasm ,and nucleus with sending an friendly message to ribosome ? Well thanks for the lecture it's very helpful and fluent and makes sense with the arrows and pictures but words are high volcabulary so be safe at night I seen bats in my backyard and they chirp noises that's how I know like what was that sound, now I realize it was an bat seen an large bird floating in clouds at night 3 a.m. seen Jupiter the begiti 🌟 star brightest star and mercury star in orange near moon. Have a nice day gtg home soon and rest up.
Thank you professor. The more I think about viruses I’m fascinated by their evolutionary phenomenon, and difficult to un-imagine as an organism with a nefarious plan.
@ databang -- "They" are not organisms per se. They are exogenous particles that result from the REACTION of the body to ANY bacterium that excites the Human Immune system and they signal that the immune system is DOING ITS JOB of protecting the organism. I cannot imagine WHY , when the Public is seeking answers they can understand about this alleged Corona virus Pandemic , this lecturer, like someone being asked what time it is, delivers a lecture on how to build a watch. .. The public well KNOWS, that those who have college graduate degrees are Educated, but come on.....
@ @@Luemm3l -- And you BELIEVE you're doing the public a favor, is that it? Why don't you let the public decide for themselves which one of us is telling the truth?
Thank you for posting this Dr. Glaunsinger. It was just what I was looking for to understand the mechanisms of the virus, and how Remdesivir might work.
Have any labs reworked the genetic code of this virus in the US? with so many different s/s--from GI to headache, fever and then respiratory s/s...it is still evolving. My guess is it has already 'borrowed' DNA/RNA from other virus's or even bacteria id that is possible. It would help treatment protocols to keep reviewing the genetic make-up as it evolves across the world???
Great video. I wonder if widespread social distancing could be increasing the selective pressure on the virus, which has otherwise been remarkably uniform, to favor mutations towards a more well tolerated form that could survive longer without strongly triggering the immune system, thereby increasing the chance of spread over weeks/months rather than days? I'd guess it didn't initially favor such mutations when it could spread quickly during the pre-symptomatic phase ...
Professor! Would you say that with increased infections, the chance also increases that a more aggressive strain will evolve? One would say with more viruses replicating the variation increases and thus the chance of something more nasty evolving? Is there any evidence of this in virology?
Thank you so much for this presentation. Im very far away from being the intended audience but it has been very informative in a time where we hardly get detailed information on what we are facing
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
INTRO
0:19 - Human CoVs; CoV spillover to humans
5:13 - SARS vs. COVID19
8:45 - Talk overview
1. ENTRY
10:10 - CoV structure; spike conservation
14:41 - Spike and ACE2 interaction; protease cleavage
18:30 - CoV-2 spike residues
2. REPLICATION & GENE EXPRESSION
20:08 - 2019-nCOV annotation; 14 ORFs and 27 proteins
24:05 - Ribosomal frameshifting
26:38 - Sub-genomic mRNAs with shared 5' and 3'
29:06 - Shared transcription regulatory sequences
32:13 - CoV replicase; polymerase, capping and proofreading
34:08 - Exonuclease; viruses with >20kb genome
36:14 - Loss of Exonuclease; lethal mutagenesis
38:58 - Exonuclease and methyltransferase
3. Replication-transcription complexes (RTCs)
40:54 - Interconnected double membrane vesicles
43:32 - Vesicle formation
44:32 - Proximity labelling; Characterizing RTC proximal proteome
50:20 - Accessory genes
52:01 - Assembly of nucleocapsids into virions
4. Immune interactions
53:31 - Little or no interferon in cells; delayed interferon singling
57:39 - Short lived antibody and memory B cell response
OUTRO
59:38 - Key open basic science questions
thanks for the timecodes, much appreciated!
Its great to have time codes for a lecture.
Q: Is sunlight able to kill viruses and bacteria? Does humidity affect the transmission?
I've seen published medical documents that dispute what msm is issuing by script.
Thank you
Virusses do not exist, they are exosomes. Dr Stefan Lanka, Dr Andrew Kaufman, Dr Thomas Cowan. Many many others
I took a virology course in graduate school almost a decade ago, what an incredible distance we have come. As a microbiologist myself I really appreciate putting your lecture up.
Sir.i dont know about virology.But i hav a doubt can the caspid remove from RNA of virus without any damage?
Sir, i dont know about this subject.but a doubt can capsid remove seprately from RNA without any damage in capsid?
@@nbox9570 I think this capsid literally assembles on the RNA itself, so I would think it unlikely.
How do we know the genome of the virus?As someone on the west isolated or finally done the 4 gold standard tests? We were just told the Chinese mixed RNA from the liquid in 7 of the lungs of 200 infected with whatever. But had a test before they had anything tangible. Can't believe anything they say. So who an when was wuhan a factor. There's possible cases from September! ? Só why bat nonsense is being talked about its not real science face it.
No pangolins? What was the intermediary? Not straight from bats no matter how good the novel.
Thank you for this. I am a Candian biochemist stuck in Brazil. I decided to help the local authorities out. This brings me up to speed. I shared it among the English-speaking doctors as well.
Despite having no background in medicine or biology etc, I found this lecture really informative and easily understandable
Can anyone share the time stamp for when she addresses how a respiratory virus penetrates the hosts brain cells causing them to run out and buy all the toilet paper? Or is that a different lecture?
Lmao
It infects spinal cells and moves to the brain through them.
The manner in which material is presented is exceptional. To pack such amount of information in just one lecture is evidence of years of teaching the best students.This is an excellent example of excellent teaching for all teachers in academia
Even not being among the intended audience, i´ve been able to follow most of the lecture and have learnt quite a lot from it, and it´s really interesting, many thanks
should be on primetime tv
@ferzy09 if anything, this proves you didnt´t understand it
@ferzy09 actually not
A deeper look into any form of nature is fascinating, and we all would benefit from a better understanding in many ways. Better appreciation for our place in the biosphere, more insights into maintaining health, and maybe, just maybe, some insights into the human brain which could lead to improved social behavior.
@ferzy09 Nothing is going to prove intelligent design. The only thing that might cast a measure of doubt on evolution by natural selection is a bio-mathematical approach which shows that 3 billion years just isn't enough time to generate the observed (and growing) level of complexity in organisms. Unquestionably, evolution is a real and powerful mechanism. There may, however, be some surprises that lie ahead. (There always are!). All theories (including Darwin's) have a range of convenience.
What a beautiful, clear minded, articulate, logical, level, educated, balanced, reasoned and highly intelligent voice. Very many thanks!! A perfect lecture.
Amen!
Can you please tell me the RdRp gene of the SARS-COV-2
hi. there is s slide @ 40:20 :00 showing that detail.
Isn't this the deepest RUclips video ever? Britt is the Goddess of viruses
great Presentation is there a lis of cited literature beside the slide?
hey, im a student that makes a project for school about the recent coronavirus epidemic. your video is a huge help for me. but i have one question, i did not understand what is helical nucleocapsid, can you explain it for me agen?
RNA genome + nucleocapsid protein = nucleocapsid
Trust me. This whole hour of the video is worth watching. The professor details every key note about coronavirus. (I am not a virologist).
@51:25 Please elaborate more on the association of INF and role of IFN inhibitors on viral accessory proteins.
Prof. G. Thank you for the wonderful, insightful presentation. I have to point out one thing. ACE 2 is an enzyme and has substrates (angiotensin 1 and 2). There is no ACE 2 receptor. SARS Covid 2 uses ACE 2 as a "receptor" to enter the cell. So ACE2 is a "receptor" for SARS Covid 2 and one may call ACE2 an SARS Covid 2 receptor. It actually functions as an acceptor. Pharmacologically, a receptor, upon being bound by a ligand, should trigger a cascade of biochemical/physiological reactions. Virologists use the term receptor differently.
Prof. Glaunsinger is a brilliant teacher. This presentation was extremely coherent and well put together. Thank you.
@Fat Albert How many Chinese students would be lost at Berkley if she did?
@Fat Albert Perhaps because circumstantial evidence is for conspiracy theorists, not scientists.
@@TopGunMan "Circumstantial evidence is used in civil courts to establish or refute liability. It is usually the most common form of evidence, for example in product liability cases and road traffic accidents. Forensic analysis of skid marks can frequently allow a reconstruction of the accident. "
Guess investigators and lawyers are just a bunch of 'conspiracy theorists' too.
Virusses do not exist, they are exosomes. Dr Stefan Lanka, Dr Andrew Kaufman, Dr Thomas Cowan. Many many others
@@Stefan-gh7xr all quacks
Hello I would like to understand several important topics, and I'm not able to find suitable information about it. Could you try to help:
Where I can see, or understand the construction of Covid-19 - as vertical structure analyze from the Spike to the center of the virus. I would like to understand how the protein types and components are compiled and contained in the relation from center to outside the virus and opposite. Most of the places I see - top is spike protein, then we have envelope proteins, then what is bellow that in direction to the core of the protein, how relations are formed-combined. Is there any functional relation to that vertical organization?
What about the rest of the proteins, where I can see them compiled and organized in a structure.
I'm trying to make a 3D model, but some of the proteins, I cannot find information how to organize them properly. I would appreciate any suggestion or help. Thank you!
Bacteria defend themselves from bacteriophages by producing restriction enzymes that recognize a palindromic segment in the viral genome, often no longer than six pairs of nitrogenous bases. Perhaps specific restriction enzymes capable of recognizing and cleaving one palindromic segment in the +mRNA from viruses could be isolated and delivered to cells via liposomes and fusion peptides, to hopefully cleave viruses in the cytoplasm of cells.
Many thanks for this. As a clinician, this sort of exposition is incredibly helpful in gaining a better understanding of what we are trying to manage (treat?). The link between basic science and clinical medicine is always a challenge and this sort of background knowledge is invaluable when thinking about what we are seeing in patients.
Great lecture. Very informative. I would love for Dr. Glaunsinger to give a follow-up lecture. Now that it has been almost two months with 10x more cases and more information I would love to hear her take on what's happening now.
It took me complete 4 hours 45 min to understand this 1 hour lecture
Likewise!!
LOL don't feel bad it takes me about 5 hours to understand a one-hour lecture also LMAO
Really? Took me an hour mostly because I'm a freak for zoonotic viruses! 😂
great lecture, but where is the link that the prof. mentioned?
25% recombination rate for a +sense RNA virus is...terrifying.
makes one wonder if this was not manipulated a bit by humans
is it possible CV remains latent in part of body to reemerge at time of immune suppression ? qua herpes ? any reason to think it can have a dengue type response to second exposure ? I wis I studied genetics and microbiology
Not likely. Coronaviruses are RNA only viruses, thankfully not retroviruses like HIV, that can actually integrate into our DNA.
Herpes viruses are DNA viruses that can transport to the nucleus, and code for transcripts to enter a latent phase.
Prof G, you stated there is a delayed interferon response in coronavirus infection. Can it explain the "reactivation" observed clinically? We have seen some patients were getting better then suddenly got worse, even died.
Hi I wanted to ask about a proper enzymatic assay for RNA Dependent RNA polymerase activity that we can use in the lab for testing antiviral activity and it has no radioactive thing in it
is there any special reason why CV did not effect humans up to very recently in our evolutionary development ? are they common in many animal species and id there anything interesting about the species they evolved to infect ? is there any reason to believe CV would have special characteristics that may lend its use to biological weapons use ? in particular with regard to its huge information load with a view to say genetic warfare ? there has yet to be a CV vaccine for sars or any CV is there a specific resaon for this ? why would immune memory not give immunity or protection for this specific virus even if anti bodies decress over time? what determines immunity post immune response
Very Brilliant of your Discussion Professor. I would be interested to know, what are the underlying aspects of such tremendous diversity in viral strains.? can we attribute the phenomenons of Epitope transformation and genetic variability due to absence of proof reading mechanism.? or some species mediated interactions in response to which viral pathogenesis has become stronger.? and do we have some counter act approaches to fight these virruses.? I would like to have your expertise in this regard. Thank you.
I'm dentist and not a virologist, most of the talk was understandable. as a layman my query is how significant is ACE2 receptor in the pathogenesis.my second query is how different is the pathogenesis of the virus in young healthy individuals who are silent carriers.
ACE2 receptor role is very well established. It serves as a docking station for viral particle and mediates the fusion of its envelope with the cell membrane allowing viral RNA enter the cell. The role of ACE inhibitors or other drugs and conditions that result in more (or less) of ACE2 protein present is controversial. While it's an attractive hypothesis that standard ACE inhibitors known to cause increased accumilation of ACE2 on cell surface can be increasing one's chances of getting infected (or worsening the prognosis for infected individuals), there are results both supporting this hypothesis and rejecting it. For more of excellent medical science on COVID-19 - watch this webinar: ruclips.net/video/Jdb67eDkkyc/видео.html (start at 14:30)
Thank you.... I was wondering if breathing exercise has any affect in improving the lung health and thereby delyaying or even preventing the viral pathogenesis.
Interesting. Can you tell us the geno A is found in which country?
Another theory of mine that I’ve been contemplating for many of years. I try to modify it little by little. Deals with cell regeneration and the destruction of harmful bacteria, viruses and cancer. As humans we can be severely impacted by sound, particular frequencies can alter our perception, destabilize out mood for the better or worse. An example on how our perception and mood cause specific cells to aid us or harm us just by hearing sounds or specific frequencies .here are minor examples, if a person hears a particular crying of a baby one can either be concern with mixtures of depression, horror which then triggers certain synapses within our receptors to alter out mood. The sound of our lover can trigger a sexually aroused feeling. That certain specific frequency of a loved one in pain can cause a whole array of chemical imbalances, from nausea, depression, anger, confusion. If I go as far to say that if animate frequencies can cause anything from extreme joy which cause certain molecules to be released within us then inanimate sounds as well can cause, frightening , joy, confusion, anger… etc. an example if a person is all of sudden is caught of guard by the massive sound of an explosion it will cause an elevation of symptoms, which can cause a lot of people to become sick for a short or for a prolonged time. So, if humans can be affected by frequencies so imagine a particular recording of subatomic harmonic frequency of a specific terrifying sound or the specific frequencies that human bones generate when they are repairing it self or the specific time when bones are being produced at birth. That specific frequency could in theory awaken dormant cells to fully start regrowing a lost limb. All cells create their own distinctive sounds in how they travel throughout our body. cells know how to communicate which each other and other cells and when a foreign molecule enters our body the specific molecule or molecules generate their own frequencies, whether those molecules be animate or inanimate. Every cell has its own unique frequency. This just a minor theory for which I have more to explain. So by now it is safe to say that if frequencies can cause us to be heal or harm us. Let say that a person has a virus in a body or some cancer or a foreign molecule which is harmful and can cause death. If one were to isolate for example , specific types of cancers or Ebola or corona19… etc in a controlled laboratory to find out at what specific frequency a certain type of cancer dies at for example just letting it die all on its with out a host just letting it plainly die. Recording the frequencies from the initial beginning of the experiment all the way until it starts to die to its last moment. The whole point is to purposely let it die an animate molecule. To capture the frequency when it’s all healthy an wandering around inside host an extracting a sample out of a host until it dies. So now that the frequency is now recorded, what might you think could happen if one plays that specific moment in time when the virus is dying. Being able to narrow and calibrate the minutes that can cause the virus or viruses to molecularly become sick all due to hearing it self, one cannot dismiss the notion that a virus doesn’t have emotions or is somewhat pragmatic because it does if it wasn’t true then it wouldn’t multiply it self to further its existence. A virus is either an incompetent or highly intelligent molecule one or the other, but one can’t deny that it’s alive. I have more on theory on constructing the recording devices and where one might be able to hold such experiments. Keep in mind bacteria, viruses are alive until they aren’t.
This is one of the most amazing talk i could ever come across about the structural details of Corona virus in context of mutational potential and probable targets for drug development. I might borrow some knowledge for my own understanding and spreading of awareness in here countries bereft of educational and research facilities and governmental intent for it. Thank you for this Leviathan of a task.
Excellent...I would suggest that a pointer of some type be used to highlight the specific areas as you present each slide/page. Allows the viewer to more readily 'see' the area being discussed and therefore absorb more...lol
This is an incredibly fascinating presentation. I am so grateful for your commitment to the in depth understanding & logical explaination of this data to both the scientific & lay community. Phenomenal work!
32:08 I have questions about the TRS sequences;
1. Since the ribosome needs to reach the TRS of a sequential gene first, wouldn't the highest product transcript always be at the front? (I.e gene 2's product would be in higher concentration than gene 5?)
1.Another question is that if you had an exact copy of this TRS sequence with its own gene sequence of a random protein that is completely detached from the viral +mRNA strand and floating around in the cytoplasm, would it still be used and copied randomly?
-My idea being that we can use a similar process to make viral workhorses and bypassing the need to electroporate E. coli/ use competent bacteria to introduce non-host oriented gene products via vectors. Still would need a way to stop the host cell from lysing open though... Maybe some form of latent bacteria and somehow manage to mass-produce non-virulent strands of viruses to infect vats of cells...
How do you obtain in technical detail a "corona virus"?
What would be your reply to scientists and doctors who are suggesting that CV-19 is an exosome?
Exosomes are only similar to viruses in that they both carry something wrapped in some membrane and that both get sent out by exocytosis. Saying exosomes make people sick just don’t make sense because… well we all make them with what’s written in our genomes. And CoVs obviously have a different genome.
The 'doctors' stating this is a psychatrist. Not a medical doctor. Do not fall for Russian Troll propoganda.
1. Exosomes don't have foreign DNA.
2. You don't build up antibodies against exosomes as they are not foreign to the body. In a German town 15% of people had antibodies against SARS-Cov-2.
3. If you actually looked on Wikipedia and other sites about exosomes, you'd know they disintegrate as soon as they leave the cell membrane, but here we can see the viruses are external to the cell.
What do our cells normally use the Ace2 receptor for? What would a cell want to bring into the cell under normal circumstances?
oh, cells want to bring in a lot... Nutrients, ions, signalling molecules as just a few mentions. have a quick overlook of ACE2-R on wiki for example: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme_2
This is too complicated for me and there are so many parameters to look at. The key takeaway from this lecture is:
- the delayed immune response which I imagine is associated to the fact they give a range between 2-14 days for symptoms to appear.
Is it fair to say for those who get infected taking longer incubation, would end up getting severe/critical symptoms and disease than for those showing up symptoms earlier?
How can this be mitigated? The solution seems to be within the body itself, just that it is not 'ticking' the right way.
Studying viral biology at UG level. This is a really straight and detailed presentation. Thank you.
I have a question how long does it take for sars2 to create the S spike proteins in a natural enviroment to adapt to human cells..5 months ..5 years ..500 ?
Dear Britt, what is exact role of Furin in the process of Covid19's lifecycle/entry into human cells? Please shed some light on this aspect.
I watched this over a year ago. I am still left wondering if and how origin in bats is determined, as opposed to just the bats being a particularly good place to find viruses that exist elsewhere in the virosphere.
TRUTH IS.....THEY DON'T KNOW WHERE VIRUSES ORIGINATE OR IF THEY EVEN EXISTS.
ALSO, MUTATION NEVER LEADS TO DARWINIAN EVOLUTION WITH GAIN IN FUNCTION AND "JUMPS SPECIES" WHICH DEFIES ENTROPY!!!
THERE ARE NO LAB TESTS THAT CAN IRREFUTABLY DEMONSTRATE A VIRUS!!!
THIS IS ALL SPECULATION AND HYPOTHETICAL!!!!
unnerving to hear such a knowledgeable calming voice describe this horrific time. our current global sadness, pain, and death deserves all the transparency labs and specialists can honestly pour out of their brain.
Chart at 59:00 What studies have been pursued of the parallel green line population? That population has an obvious bearing that is so typically ignored.
At around minute 33, the RNA replication process should state clearly
the two steps: synthesize negative strand from the original positive strand, then synthesize a new positive strand from the negative strand.
This explanation was amazing! I'm an undergraduate student, only in my 2nd semester of biochem and was able to keep with a lot of it because it was very well explained. I loved it, thank you, and also thank you to all the scientists working tirelessly to fight this.
Thank you, Britt, for producing this outstanding review. I'm sending the link out to our colleagues. (Dave Sulzer, Columbia Medical School)
@ 14:15
cannot we strick or restrict the action of conserved fusion part of spikes.(shown in purple).as that is non variable and can be dealt by pharmaceutical interference as it has very vital role in entering the cell structure..
just suggesting and I am total layman for genomic
Thanks for this lecture. Very thorough! Wondering if the more conserved fusion domain of the S-gp, or the polybasic linker would make a good target for mAb therapeutics?
Is it possible to edit the genome making the virus less virulent but have the surface spike proteins or antigens that our immune system can recognise?
You just described the production of a vaccine!
My bored-ass took full-fledged Cornell notes on this whole lecture.
Lol I was bored and just listened. You are preparing for a blue book test lmao!
I'll be watching this a few times. Learning so much in a day or 2. I'm trying to get my head around the different classification systems...
Would you be able to send me your notes?
5000+ Coronavirus’ in bats and 2 had already made bat to human transfer? That ladies and gentlemen is called a red flag
AdditionAddict elaborate please!
@@tazz5406 It means there could be a Covid-20 then a Covid-21 then maybe a Covid-22a and Covid-22b ect
If it is retrovirus, why can’t we use the anti retro viral therapy for HIV? Or she discussed it?
This is a well presented, informative lecture The question we have to ask ourselves is, has the SARS-COV2 virus proven to be as deadly as first suspected in March? The mortality rate is not so dissimilar to the flu season. Both global and local statistics demonstrate that once one isolates the statistics informing who died with the Covid19 diagnosis with serious life-threatening co-morbidities and those who are said to have died from Covid alone, the mortality rate is in fact considerably lower than generally conveyed. Also, the information regarding the transmission of this viral infection is another question worth considering. The very high number of asymptomatic or mild cases where the tested are in fact not aware of the contamination is interesting. They are not sick or simply suffer cold-like symptoms and do not require medical treatment. The vulnerable age range of susceptibility is an average of 75-80+ years. Younger if one's immunity system is compromised by underlying health issues. The great majority of the population does not have adverse effects from this highly politicized virus. Consequently, the entire issues of the seriousness of this virus relate more to the political responses of Government, many of who are being terrified by the conflicting scientific advice and generally choose the more draconian route to attempt to stem the virus spread. Sweden's example of a cautious approach cannot be dismissed out of hand, their current death rate is extremely low. The problem of contact tracing is the inefficiency of PCR tests providing false positives. It is far too inefficient a testing system to accurately gauge the level of infection cases. Antibody testing is also proving similarly unreliable, The entire concept of immunity is now in question by so many epidemiologists and virologists. Do we rely upon natural biological and Tcell immunity before going back to living a normal pre-covid life or do we wait for a vaccine that may be too long at the experimental stage to be safe or effective? As anti-viral dosages are proving effective within the early stage of viral infection should we be content to rely on natural collective immunity and antiviral remedies, protecting the most vulnerable, instead of continued living in a dystopian and despotic regime imposed upon us by governments in chaos? It is a consideration of balance and risk and the probability of higher mortality rates from non- Covid infection responses. I comment from the UK, other countries respond in differing ways.
Awesome lecture! Could you please upload more about Coronavirus? I would love to learn more about it in a molecular level. Thank you so much!
Very nice compilation of current knowledge of SARS-COV-2 molecular virology. As a retired biomedical scientist, makes me want to put on a white coat and get back at the bench.
Absolutely fabulous you presented the science extremely well, until we understand fully the biochemistry we cannot create a cure. As a former biochemist and now a doctor. I applaud you on a fabulous presentation.
Does Miss Glausinger explain in this talk how it is possible to have a "pandemic" with out deaths (excess mortality)?
since the nsp1 suppress the immune respond, can the possible drug be interferon?
Well done. Refreshing to see some virology 101 long-form presentations to counter a lot of the misinformation out there.
I wish this could qualify for CE credits
lecture seems very well put together, but it's really over my head without some background information, but I can see the work involved with putting together such an informative lecture, which is appreciated. :)
Does this mean that chelating the spike protein interface will stop the virus from setting?
This wonderful lecture is well above my level of comprehension. It would be great if Dr. Glaunsinger could present a youtube lecture addressed to the lay person showing how SARS CoV-2 could be defeated.
Does the ACE2 receptor have any enzyme activity during its interaction with the virus or is it just structural?
How is 30kbp theoretical limit on RNA virus genome size derived?
what is the imporatnce of biochemistry in covid-19? you can give any information about this..i m very thankful to u
Thank you so much for that lecture Dr Glausinger and IGI team. I was wondering if we are going to be able to figure out with certitud about the intermidiary species that hosted CoV-2 before it jumped into the human species? Is it a matter of more data/research needed or is it like a piece of the puzzle we will never know for sure?
Was boring in the beginning, and then it turned insightful, educational (not only regarding Coronaviruses), interesting and some other adjectives too.
Glad I found such a high level source on RUclips.
@ Self Censorship....Please keep looking.....
Please make a video talking about how all the top drugs under testing help fight the virus. Or fail.
Also do vitamins help fend off the virus. Especially Vitamin-C and Vitamin-D.
Thanks for the great video.
Vit c does two things..reduces cort synthesis and increases type 1 interfering via rig 1..hence it's helpful in the initial response due to it's effect on type 1 interferons and later on due to reduction in cortisol.
Please say a size of molecula of coronavirus? Thank you!
This is great! My only question is why is the paper dated in the future?
@ T. Hepner -- My guess as to why the paper is dated in the future, is so that it will appear as having been said AFTER the government has programmed the Public to BELIEVE what they will tell us to BELIEVE about how govt. efforts to combat this alleged "virus" worked marvelously.....
Good observation on your part! I missed that .
Probably because she is releasing findings in this lecture before the journal finishes their more lengthy publication process. Pay no attention to the conspiracy theorists like Human Earthling.
@@humanearthling4661 Right stupid of her to let a genius like you see it, then.
10 Days after this video was published:
1,095,208 Cases
58,795 Deaths
228,171 Recovered
Oof!
And now 20th September 2020 the CDC has confirmed that out of the 170,000 plus, deaths recorded as covid19 only 6% died from the virus. Public Health England has confirmed that 10 times more people died from the flu than from covid19. 4 months ago the Italian health minister admitted that from the 40,000 plus deaths recorded as covid19 only 12% actually were from the virus.
Will gene silencing work to prevent the viruses from further replication?
in theory yes, but that is difficult in patients. A far better approach for the moment (until a vaccine has been available for a while) is cloning antibody IgG genes from recovered patients B cells to generate antibodies that can be produced in culture. These could be injected into patients to buy them time- it would not be a cure, but could lower their viral load.
@@bobf5360 Actually a DNA vaccine may be the best and fastest approach
@@pulkitsharmapremiumvideos9252 agreed (actually a viral RNA vaccine) and there are those working on that too (they are already in P1 trials), but that would still be a year to deploy, months to get into enough people to create immunity, and months more to see an effect on viral spread/disease epidemiology. Recovered serum approaches to fight viruses have been effective, and a cloned B-cell IgG would be even more broadly applicable. Thats just my $0.02 though.
@@bobf5360 But I have read that some experts claim that the serum approach works best for people with the O blood group for unknown reasons. It is less effective or not at all effective for other blood groups. For now a combination of hiv and SARS drugs seems to be working. Many patients have recovered in my city from coronavirus with this combination.
@@pulkitsharmapremiumvideos9252 fair enough, but Cov-2 is new, so I'm not sure how much we can draw from those previous data. What I am talking about though is NOT a serum approach, but cloned B-cell IgG, produced in mass. In any case, these will be available for trial about the same time as trials for vaccines, but they are more immediate treatments than a vaccine, which is only preventative. Yes?
You are a Heroine! You deserve recognition a Medal of Honor!
It's fun to watch a virology seminar. According to the data, it's clear that SARS related pathogenesis is INF dependent. However, I also noticed that proteins like 3a and 3b enhance inflammatory transcription factors, NFkB and JNK. Shouldn't that lead to early recruitment of leukocytes and viral clearance?
the mechanisms by which virus genomes rely on their host and how the transcription machinery is modified is really fascinating.. especially the discontinuous transcription and the Exon protein... . I enjoyed this very much, thank you.
Any opinions on lysine here?
As an undergrad biology major, I really enjoyed this in depth and straight forward overview. Thank you for making and uploading this and allowing me to apply and enhance my knowledge!
Thank you Dr. Glaunsinger.
theres something wrong with the audio...
time index 8:12. That could pass for a genome chart. I suppose Africa is around the 100, 200 mark?
Dear Sir,
Good day. I'm a Bangladeshi doctor. If you don't mind, I am eager to know what is the vector of the corona virus when it is outside the human body? How does it survive and replicate in vitro?
We know, it attack olfactory cells and other cells of whole respiratory tract.
If the genome mapping is available, is it possible to know the genes related to the production of the spikes at it's surface and host pathogen relationship?
Can anyone tell me what the following means: Assays designed for detection of the 2019-nCoV RNA were tested with characterized stocks of in vitro transcribed full length RNA (N gene; GenBank accession: MN908947.2) of known titer (RNA copies/µL) spiked into a diluent consisting of a suspension of human A549 cells and viral transport medium (VTM) to mimic clinical specimen. Thanks kindly.
Is there any way I can find the slides to download?
I was looking for something like this from some time ... Thank you for providing the authentic scientific information amid this info-demic where research data is hard to find on these media platforms 👏👏👏
very easy to understand and lots covered
This was way way above my level of understanding HOWEVER I believe that what was presented was honest and truthful and I'd sooner put my faith in people like Britt Glaunsinger than the numerous snake oil salespeople and nutjob conspiracy theorists.
"25% recombination rate for a +sense RNA virus is...terrifying".."makes one wonder if this was not manipulated a bit by humans".
I have one question has corona virus 19 been identified? What is in the corona virus 19? Thanks
You said 7 corona viruses but this one is called 19. Please.help.
Is it possible for the ribosome to only communicate with the DNA strain and messages?, Is it possible for the DNA strain to watch over the ribosome and cytoplasm, and exit out it's nucleus when the RNA virus string tries to manipulate the ribosome?, Wherever if the DNA strain moves is it possible it will bring the ribosome and away from the RNA virus to avoid the RNA virus string? ,The jumping part did the DNA strain did that? Can the DNA strain exit it's nucleus, and the nucleus will create a prison cell around the manipulator RNA string virus , and don't feed the RNA virus string lipids ,and trap the RNA virus string inside the cytoplasm with it's nucleus, if the DNA leaves the nucleus and the DNA strain brings it's friendly ribosome with it to show the ribosome the DNA strain really really needs ribosome for true protien , and to only talk to DNA strain messages, or DNA strain make a new cytoplasm ,and nucleus with sending an friendly message to ribosome ? Well thanks for the lecture it's very helpful and fluent and makes sense with the arrows and pictures but words are high volcabulary so be safe at night I seen bats in my backyard and they chirp noises that's how I know like what was that sound, now I realize it was an bat seen an large bird floating in clouds at night 3 a.m. seen Jupiter the begiti 🌟 star brightest star and mercury star in orange near moon. Have a nice day gtg home soon and rest up.
Thank you professor. The more I think about viruses I’m fascinated by their evolutionary phenomenon, and difficult to un-imagine as an organism with a nefarious plan.
@ databang -- "They" are not organisms per se. They are exogenous particles that result from the REACTION of the body to ANY bacterium that excites the Human Immune system and they signal that the immune system is DOING ITS JOB of protecting the organism.
I cannot imagine WHY , when the Public is seeking answers they can understand about this alleged Corona virus Pandemic , this lecturer, like someone being asked what time it is, delivers a lecture on how to build a watch. ..
The public well KNOWS, that those who have college graduate degrees are Educated, but come on.....
@@humanearthling4661 can you stop spewing nonsense while adults have fruitful discussions under this fascinating lecture? Thank you.
@ @@Luemm3l -- And you BELIEVE you're doing the public a favor, is that it? Why don't you let the public decide for themselves which one of us is telling the truth?
Thank you, I can now understand the different approaches for a cure.
What test is used to detect the covid-19?
best video seen so far on SARS-CoV-19!
mario amendola Check This week in Virology-also excellent
It's called SARS-CoV-2. The disease is COVID-19.
Infinity Salinity correct 30 kB in size RNA single strand positive..
Thank you for posting this Dr. Glaunsinger. It was just what I was looking for to understand the mechanisms of the virus, and how Remdesivir might work.
Have any labs reworked the genetic code of this virus in the US? with so many different s/s--from GI to headache, fever and then respiratory s/s...it is still evolving. My guess is it has already 'borrowed' DNA/RNA from other virus's or even bacteria id that is possible. It would help treatment protocols to keep reviewing the genetic make-up as it evolves across the world???
Great video. I wonder if widespread social distancing could be increasing the selective pressure on the virus, which has otherwise been remarkably uniform, to favor mutations towards a more well tolerated form that could survive longer without strongly triggering the immune system, thereby increasing the chance of spread over weeks/months rather than days? I'd guess it didn't initially favor such mutations when it could spread quickly during the pre-symptomatic phase ...
Professor! Would you say that with increased infections, the chance also increases that a more aggressive strain will evolve? One would say with more viruses replicating the variation increases and thus the chance of something more nasty evolving? Is there any evidence of this in virology?
Thank you so much for this presentation. Im very far away from being the intended audience but it has been very informative in a time where we hardly get detailed information on what we are facing