The Habsburg Empire: 1740-1765 (Documentary)
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- Опубликовано: 27 сен 2024
- In 1740, Maria Theresa ascended the throne of the Habsburg Monarchy. Within months her rule was challenged by many of the European powers, from Frederick the Great's Prussia to Louis XV's France. Over the next 25 years, as she sought to defend her inheritance, she reformed the Monarchy into one of Europe's leading powers.
This video aims to be a short documentary, covering Maria Theresa's early reign. It briefly covers The War of the Austrian Succession, The Seven Years' War, and Austrian efforts at reform.
Patreon: / oldbritannia
#habsburg #history #prussia
I hope you enjoy this first part in a new series on the Habsburg Empire, starting with Maria Theresa's early reign. Thank you for watching, and to Patrons for voting on the topic.
This is a series I have waited a long time for.
Excited for a new series, the Habsburgs are fascinating
Any possibility of going further back and covering the early Hapsburg foreign policy of Charles V.
Will Hapsburg Jaw memes be prominently featured?? 👀
Hey, very nice video 👍 May I ask you which editing program you use?
This channel should have a million subscribers. One day it will.
We're getting there 👍
oh for sure, the amount of views these videos get far far exceeds the subscriber base -- just takes some time for it to catch up
all descendants of Leopold II's 16 children and one "out of wedlock" child [Luigi von Grün (1788-1814)]!
There's always some dumbass kissing the channel owner in order to get praise and likes or even (be still my heart) a pinned comment. You're a pathetic attention-whore.
Excellent! I said I wanted to see more 18th century content from you but I didn't expect to see it so soon! I always described the War of the Austrian Succession as the "Yes, but we've changed our minds now" War given Frederick had gone along with the Pragmatic Sanction prior to the Emperor's death.
Possibly the clearest and best summary of this part of history I have seen. Thank you for this. I look forward to seeing more of your videos.
Thank you, you’re very kind.
I AM OBSESSED WITH THE HABSBURGS! I’m thrilled to see they will be getting a series on their early modern history.
There is a long form lecture style series on them from ‘Apostolic Majesty’ channel which starts at charlemagne
@@James-sk4db You're a godsend, I will look into this!
There is another channel about the HRE it's called Empire-Builders
This video came in the same vein as the first day of snow each winter: delightfully unexpected with a tang of something new to get used to. Huzzah for more excellent geopolitics by him truly!
I saw your video, I instantly clicked on because i'm interested by the habsburg empire. Your videos are such hight qualities one, you can be proud of it. It would be very captivating if you could make videos about diplomatic system that emerged after some conflits like the Westphalian system, the vienna system or the Bismarckian system, the aims of each power and do they were able to fulfill partially or totally their ambitions.
Thanks for reading 😊.
The Holy Roman Empire, and then the Habsburg Empire following on from it, has always been my stubborn odd historical interest, so a focused look at the area is much appreciated! Thank you!
Now isn’t this spicy. Taking a Detour from our usual program to talk about one of the underrated eras. Love your presentation style and informative commentary
I love the Hapsburg empire, so fascinating to learn about and just a past major player that isn’t about anyone other than in the form of an Austrian rump state.
Unique deep dives like this make this channel one of the most rewarding history ones on youtube. Hope to see a similar video on Catherine the Great’s foreign policy/ministers at some point.
@OldBritannia Have you seen Historia Civilis' new video. It reminds me of of your trademark dives into the Anglosphere at work.
Really one the best channels this platform can offer... thank you!!
Nice seeing better and better quality videos. Thanks as always
I love hearing you discuss Austria during this time period (or any for that matter) and i was just thinking to myself yesterday that you hadnt posted in a little while. Happy to see your work sir
It is so nice to see Rosalia Carriera’s artwork being put into the context of her epoch!
Thank you for a great video!
It is difficult to overstate how awful Charles VI was. Perhaps the "Hur due botmeless pit" for a brain meme would have been more apt. He passed over his brother's daughters only to then try and write in female succession for his bloodline. Whenever I think the stupidity of Viserys the 1st in House of the Dragon is unrealistic I remember Charles and think that reality can be just as stupid as fiction.
Please continue elaborating with things that didn't make it into the video
Frankly, i think this is the best work of its kind on youtube. A pleasure to watch as always!
Thank you, very kind of you to say.
I was literally just thinking a day before you uploaded this how great it would be if you did a series on the hapsburgs. Truly one of if not my favorite European dynasties. Thank you for doing this hard work and keeping your channel alive.
Is nobody going to talk about 2:52? I think its very funny, even if it seems out of place for a video like this!
I wish you covered eras from before 1740. If I am not mistaken this is the video discussing events further in the past. I love your content, for example the 9 years war or war of spanish succession
Excellent narration, thank you for your high quality videos
I love your channel. You cover the topics well and with balance; straight, no chaser.
One of the best channels going. Never compromise your vision!
Finaly a new video
Fantastic video again! I love this part of history and it is a joy watching you cover this period of great power politics! Just brilliant 🤩
Just started up Empire Total War and this drops?!?!?!?! Nice 😎
Doing the exact same 😂
Do you write these descriptions of historical figures yourself or get them from your sources. As an aspiring writer myself you have a literary gift.
All of the facts I use are taken from sources, obviously. But generally I’ll then plot them in descriptions myself.
Occasionally I’ll more or less take a description verbatim if it’s particularly good. I think the small section on Maria Theresa having a warm heart and resolution is from Kann. But generally I prefer writing them myself.
As to a literary gift, haha thank you, unfortunately I tend to think my prose is rather clunky much of the time though.
@@OldBritanniaWhat sources did you use for this video?
Great Video anyways
@@ofersagi5653
End of the video lists sources
Very well done. Maria Theresa is rather fondly remembered here in Czechia for her reforms and as our one and only Queen, even though she lost most of our Silesia (but then again, it was mostly German) and Czechia's autonomy was diminished. A new statue of hers was unveiled in Prague in 2020. Also, Kaunitz, while born in Vienna, is from the old Czech noble family.
The problem with the Habsburgs is that they didn't take good care of their military. Prince Eugene of Savoy's words would prove prophetic.
Love this! The Habsburgs are so overlooked in mainstream histories (especially post German unification) but imo they’re utterly fascinating. OB uploads make my day as always!
‘It would be better apply to Satan than the Hungarians for help.’
-Maria Theresa: ‘The safety of my son and heir lies with Hungary.’
- Hungary: ‘WE SHALL DIE FOR EMPRESS MARIA THERESA!’
Outstanding as always, OB!
Thank you!!! Excellent as always!
The coronation of Peter III will forever go down in history as one of the biggest WTF moments of all time. Right up there with Franz Ferdinand's assassination.
Sometimes, you really can't make such historical events up. The probability of Prussia being saved was so low and yet it happened. It wasn't because of weather, competance or military skill, it was sheer luck 😂
This is great! Looking forward to more Habsburg content. It'll also be great if you can do more early modern history!
Absolutely phenomenal! I’m so glad to be learning more about this, in particularly the great Queen!
Excellent video, thanks for making it. I really appreciate your Habsburg videos a lot, because there's a dearth of good content relating to them in English, and so people generally tend to either be uninformed or misinformed on the topic, relying on many stereotypes to fill the gaps.
Incredible video, never seen anyone cover this in such depth
I’m not sure of this was intentional or not, but I love the little jokes you sprinkled in! They’re funny, yet subtle enough to not distract from the video.
The quality of content never ceases to amaze me
Another excellent video, thank you.
You've got great videos. You've read very long and deeply on history, and have mature reflections. A very fresh change of pace compared to a lot of the parvenues making videos on here.
Feels like everyone on RUclips is a self-proclaimed expert on something they didn't even know existed six months ago.
Thank you so much, she is the first competent female ruler I have discovered, and I have been hoping to discover one for years. I like her son too. Fascinating period.
“Of all the requirements to be a Russian Tsar, sanity was not one of them- but even this was too much for the court of Saint Petersburg.”
That quip about Peter III made me stop the video for a minute so I could finish laughing.
Great content as always. One question @OldBritannia: Which is, in your opinion, the time limit (historical period) of your approach? In other words, when does the geopolitical vision / strategy differ in a fundamental way, that is, when did it became 'modern'? 1500s? Westphalia 1648? Keep on the great work
Really interesting question. It's generally thought 1648 and Westphalia brings in the modern age of international relations (though generally I tend to focus on the post-1688 period, granted that date is relatively specific to Britain). I do think you can see elements of the modern international system emerging from the 1500's. If one looks at Wolsley's balancing between France and the Habsburgs for example.
As I say, generally 1688 is the furthest I will personally go back to, but if I had to set a date I'd probably be a bit boring and say 1648.
Easily one of the great history RUclips channels
Love this channel. Glad you keep making content. I know it's niche and doesn't get the flashy views, but its great content nontheless.
Wow wow wow.
I am so glad you did more Austria content I've really enjoyed it this far!
Will you ever do some more specific, internal British conflict videos? Say the Civil War, Roses, or maybe even something earlier...
I’d like to do a history of England series at some point. Obviously with late 19th century diplomatic history being my area of interest, it’s rather outside my comfort zone. But yes that will be covered in it. When I’ll get round to it though I can’t say, maybe after this series is finished?
@@OldBritannia lol do whatever I am here for it!
I knew Marie Theresa was an unlikely candidate for greatness. But this really paints how gifted she really was. All by being sensible and aware of her own limitations.
I’m visiting Austria in 3 weeks. Thank you for the video!
Excited for this new series
The Hapsburg will never be one upped on the number of titles, they will collect them like memorabilia at the bemoaning of the other monarchs of the time haha. That intro was so funny
You rival Historia Civilis in my excitement when a new video releases
This was incredible, please can you make a part 2?
Its gonna 5 part series🎉
Keep it up! Your videos are incredible!
I have enjoyed your previous content, and this is a fascinating subject to dive into. I have just subscribed to your channel. Keep up the excellent work.
Thank you, glad you’re enjoying it.
Years ago I organised a "Pragmatic Sanction" LARP/ARG online.
The Maria Theresa player was such a good diplomat that she became the first female empress of HRE.
The Pussian player failed so badly that he barely held his lands despite having the best armies. He alienated almost everyone.
To be honest if Frederick didn't have that miracle happen to him, Prussia would have lost everything.
Shecwas never the HRE empress. Only male could assume the emperorship. She was a wife of HRE emperor, a position helf by countless consorts of the ruling emperors. Only in Habsburg land is she the regnant queen
As usual, a very watchable history lesson.
Loving your channel, thanks for the citing and depth of analysis.
If I could ask one thing: would it be possible to make playlists for the different topics you speak about? There is one on the Other Great Game. But when searching for a video, having one for videos on the Napoleonic Wars, for example, would help. Not all videos easily fit in one, but for the ones that are chronologicallly linked, it would help me greatly with searchability.
Thanks!
“Above Kaunitz there was now only the queen, and god, and Kaunitz does not believe in god”
Looking forward to the new series!
6:50 Although he technically wasn't an emperor, the first Rex Romanorum from the house of Habsburg would be Rudolf I between 1273 and 1291.
30:20 Elizabeth I died in 1762, and is replaced by Peter III who made peace with Prussia. So much of history is written by the person whims of whoever is at the top of whatever power structure a government has, and incidents like this are such a stark example of what is otherwise so commonplace as to be nearly forgotten. A leader changes, the whim changes, and the lives of millions of people change with it. It reminds me a lot of a little ditty I once heard:
When you're rife with devastation
There's a simple explanation
You're a toymaker's creation
Trapped inside a crystal ball
And whichever way he tilts it
Know that we must be resilient
We won't let them break our spirit
As we sing our silly song
There should be a Netflix series about the Habsburgs, like the Crown, at least 10 seasons
Another excellent installment for the channel. I am appreciative of the portraits in this episode more than usual to keep the many and even minor parties memorable.
Really interesting video make me rethink the period
15:06 don't forget the walloons. Tournai, Namur, Mons just to name a few cities were within her territory
Great video but small corection 4:31 Bavaria and Saxony both became kingdoms only during Napoleonic wars.
Good stuff as usual.
I enjoyed the Humor. Another banger
Beautiful channel.
this channel is awesome
Babe wake up, Old Britannia just uploaded!
(Yeah it’s old, but I’m genuine here)
Great video
>London was under no obligation to pull Vienna's chestnuts out of the fire
Now I know you do your research. I don't think I've ever heard that phrase outside of a diplomatic history of 18th/19th century Europe
The Habsburg state is perhaps my favourite protagonist of this time period. I'm thrilled to see that you're doing not just a video, but a series on it. I look forwards to the next one!
In terms of sources, I'm sure you already have your research done and dusted, but I do have some more to recommend. Judson's The Habsburg Empire for a look at the internal development of Austria in this period, and Kennedy's the Rise and Fall of the Great Powers for an invaluable big-picture view and some useful economic numbers for the period after 1820
Very interesting video.
Do you make videos of British diplomacy in India and towards China, or just on Asia-Pacific topics in general?
0:30 I’m glad this was mentioned here because most RUclipsrs like to harp on about continuous Habsburg rule from the days of Charles V as if both Charles VII and Francis I aren’t glaring exceptions to Habsburg (or Habsburg-Lorraine, whatever have you) occupancy of the imperial throne.
But my biggest point of historical confusion is whyever did Leopold I expect Charles VI to honor the Mutual Pact of Succession if he indeed outlived his elder brother Joseph. Lands being partitioned betwixt the descendants of female inheritors was common when a dynasty died out, but that only usually meant claims went to the daughter or daughters of the last ruler, not nieces or cousins. This is combined with the fact that Archduchess Maria Anna (Maria Theresa’s only surviving sibling) was married to Francis’s younger brother, Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, meaning no dispute would come from her. And with Joseph long dead, there would be no one to advocate for Archduchesses Maria Josepha and Maria Amalia. In both hindsight and the circumstances being what they were, it simply would’ve made more sense to enshrine preference for the daughters of whichever brother lived longer, which happened to be Charles
Historic ironies:
▪ Charles VI long ago had led armies in Spain claiming the old throne of Carlos II of Habsburg. Like 'Austria' 'Spain' was a union of realms all with their own laws
▪ At one point Maria Theresa was considered a wife for the future Carlos III of Spain - he was far down the line of succession at the time. would have been "interesting" if Maria Theresa's consort then ascended the Spanish throne
▪ while the hereditary Habsburg lands could only pass via males (the German and French tradition), this wasnt the tradition in Bohemia, Hungary or the Austrian Netherlands- the marriages of Maximilian I and Ferdinand I were how they came into Vienna's possession in the first place
I love your work! makes one think about so much
I think the ending words of the video summed up perfectly Maria Theresias reign
It was a good one but it is also like the last great hurah of a family that once dominated half the globe, from now on well it goes only down
I beg you! Do Joseph + Leopold one. Please
23:46 "above Kaunitz was the Queen and God, and Kaunitz didn't believe in God"
Like or dislike this guy, You cannot deny how hard this line goes 🔥🔥
The Cleverest leaders of Austria restored their kingdom with an army like that, truly a monumental task
Kind of a shame that both of the more influential monarchs of this time, basically shaped half of our modern world through shaping their nation, are kind of under covered in English literature due to the Osterreich moustache.
The social-economics and cultural reforms of Maria Theresa, which married traditionalism, enlightenment, openness, experimentalism and willingness to try to survive, created the Vienna that attracted Lenin and begin the Austrian Gefreiter political interest, under Red Vienna. This Vienna spawned a bunch of other thinkers who ran to America during the political turmoil and war, and shaped Western world as we know it. Karl Popper, Kurt Gödel, Hayek are a few notable Viennese who influenced the academic and modern world. Where else but there that defined our pre-contemporary economics with the "Austrian school". But, we tend to forget because few but Austrians like to discuss the period that spawned Moustache man.
Similarly, despite far lesser influence intellectually, the other monarch is more famous for being "enlightened". Before him, Prussia was a capable state. After him, Prussia was a powerhouse. He embodied the German pragmatic stereotype, despite being anything but a typical German. He's a walking controversy, anything but straight: Love the French, dislike militarism but practice it in full, he devoted his life to the task at hand yet an arrogant, spend happy king that's frugal in state budget. He built himself a big palace, spend liberally on the art, but scorn his favourite French court extravaganza. Opened his country to other creeds and races, despite himself adopting xenophobic stance. It's almost America in a way, for good reasons. Not only because America founders were impressed with Prussia, Prussian played a part: von Steuben was a Prussian officer who was credited as the one who shaped the U.S Army during the war. The worship for Old Fritz from his compatriots varnished because the Fuhrer used him aggressively during the war for propaganda.
It always intrigued me that it ended up that the less "enlightened" state ended up spawning much more intellectual products, with far reaching influences. This almost mirrored the Peloponnesian war in which the losing side ended up being more intellectually influenced than the winning, militant side. That, despite all things considered, the militant side was surprisingly progressive in many aspects compare to the eventual so-called "intellectuals".
For the English-speaking world, we shy away from German-Austrian history specifically and Central European history in general not because of the Osterreich mustache. Most English-speakers don't even know Hitler is Austrian. It's mostly due to a hefty language barrier--German is a difficult language to learn for English-speakers. I am at times amazed at the fact that English is a Germanic language; it's so very dissimilar to German. Thus English-speakers gravitate to regions in Europe where the language barrier is not as high and the writing can be better understood, like France, Italy and Spain. In Europe, the British have always seen themselves as more Western European, so gravitate toward similar nations on the western European coastline with historically large colonial empires, like France, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands. We also have to consider that in the Americas the largest English-speaking nation has tight links with the Spanish-speaking nations. This affinity puts the German-speaking region of Europe, and its history, very much out of reach to most English-speakers, becoming pretty alien.
So I am glad that videos like these exist. I finally learned why Maria Theresa was such an impressive ruler, and why a terribly disunited polity like the Hapsburg lands reformed, modernized and survived into the 19th century as the Austrian Empire.
8:16 I wish to be able to see such a scene like when the north crowned John snow king in the north
In the future United States, the War of Spanish Succession was known as Queen Anne's War and the War of Austrian Succession was known as King George's War. They were wars 2 & 3 of the four French and Indian Wars. What we know as The French and Indian War was known as the Seven Years' War elsewhere.
Not an empire.. just "Habsburg monarchy". It was personal union.
Another masterpiece 💯
Another incredible video! Love your content!
love your videos but i think there needs to be a timeline of some sort to keep track of everything!
That's awesome.
Gave this video it’s thousandth like
Not a complaint, just felt like sharing some tips for pronouncing german.
ei is always as english is “eye”
ie is always as english is “ee”
w is always as english is “v”
z is always (unless preceded by a t) as english is “ts”
st (generally except at the end of a word) is as english is “sht”
Not gonna correct you on the “r” or “ch” as I think saying as english is “r” or “ck” is perfectly fine for an english speaker.
Just felt like sharing! Your videos are fantastic, some pronunciation errors are not the biggest problem there could be. Keep up the great work!
props for using sciophobia from oversimplified, very nice music ^^
To those more educated in this period that me, did Prince Kownitz have more power than Metternich?
Judging it is a bit arbitrary. Metternich arguably had more fingers in more pies, but Kaunitz had a firmer grip over the course the Empire.
Amazing 🤩!!
Would you be interested in doing a series about the Ottomans from the 18th century onwards?
Love your work, but that was a nasty swipe at Frederick the Great. The way I heard it, Frederick was advised to flee by one of his officers.
Baffling that France didn't ask for more at Aix-La Chapelle
Just two small nitpicks: firstly, the map used at 3:19 mark fails to label the Kingdom of Croatia and instead slots it under Hungary. Croatia and Hungary have been in a personal union since 1102 (and will remain in one until 1918), but they never went beyond that. Croatia kept its separate parliament and laws, and independently elected the Habsburgs in 1527 as Croatian kings. Croatia should either be clearly marked as a constituent realm of the Habsburg Monarchy, or alternatively the term "Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia" should be used for the whole union.
Secondly, around the 4:30 mark the video mentions "kings of Bavaria and Saxony". Both Bavaria and Saxony will only be elevated to kingdoms during the Napoleonic era; at the time presented in this documentary both realms were ruled by dukes, who also held the more prestigious (and thus more popularly used) title of Elector of the Holy Roman Empire.
To further illustrate the first point, during the revolutions of 1848, when Hungary revolted against the Habsburgs, Croatia remained loyal. In fact, the Ban (viceroy) of Croatia, Count Josip Jelačić Bužimski, crossed the Drava river (the border between Croatia and Hungary) with 40 000 Croatian troops in order to put down the Hungarian revolt, without even receiving orders to do so from Vienna. Croatian troops were instrumental for the Habsburg cause in both Hungary and in the suppression of the revolution in Vienna itself.