How Strong Are Steel Bolts? Hydraulic Press Test!
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- Опубликовано: 11 сен 2024
- Which is the strongest metal bolt? Stainless, regular or high strenght? How many tons they can take? We are going to test that out with our 150 ton hydraulic press and 150 ton force sensor. Don't try this at home! we are profesional and all people were behind really strong blast shiel and had personal protection equipment.
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Do not try this at home!! or at any where else!!
Music Thor's Hammer-Ethan Meixell
This proves the difference between sheer strength and clamping load changes depending on the bolt hardness rating.
You should make a leverage tester that pulls the nut and bolt apart longitudinally.
I can make part 2 for testing pull force. It's pretty easy to do also. And since these don't feel super strong I can go to much bigger size to add bit more drama :D
Itsa Mea go to project farm
@@HydraulicPressChannel Woo!
Pert 2 will be awesome, can't wait to see what tool you make and if you'll be able to show a slow motion of the damage :)
Yes, pull my bolt and nuts... |;-D
Shear strength is a lot different from tensile.
This fixture allows the bolt to bend, so the material that has the most strain at failure wins. Doesn't shearing mean only sideload and not bending the bolt?
Sorry if the terms aren't accurate, I'm not studying in English
@@MF175mp this rig will keep the bolt flat enough that a harder bolt won't flex but rather shear. If they made a pointed area at the tip of the press tool like the slicer then you have the most force in one area. Instead of pressing an inch wide area.
Oh so true. Back in the very early web days I did a search for "shear strength 10/32 screw"
The first 2 pages of results were for porn sites...
Recently tried that search and the numbers were in the Google results, things have improved.
It may be different but they are proportional
Yes, and hardness is not equal to fragility. Here, the hardened bolt doesn't bend so breaks immediately.
You can think of it like a sheet of glass vs. a sheet of plastic...the glass is harder, so it breaks easier because it cannot bend as much. The same concept would stand for softer glass vs. harder glass, or in this case the harder bolts vs softer bolts.
Maybe the harder bolt makes it more brittle and prone to snapping where the 'softer' steel can warp and stretch more?
Exactly what that means. The harder the bolt the more brittle it is.
The harder the bolt the less sheer strength. But the more clamp force.
Exactly
Yeshh
@@hermanfourie8452
No, the harder bolt should also have higher shear strength. The problem is (IMO) the high speed with the press and the chok load, that the soft bolt is not as brittle.
With slower speeds, the result would be different.
Apparently bolts are tested in three different categories. Double shear, (which is what you are doing), Single Shear and tensile. Different materials perform better for different types of stress.
This was single shear I thought (unless I misunderstand the term) double shear would be the centre pin having a hole in it also that the bolt passes though.
This dubble shear. There are 2 shear surfeces. He has 3 parts after the test but the 3 part is still in the tool and they dont show this
Yes, but wouldn't a proper double shear test have a hole through the punch? Theoreticallly the bolt can bend a tiny bit in the current setup if there is any play at all.
This wasn't any of those. A bolted connection test requires the bolt to be tightened properly and surfaces to be held together by clamping friction. This was a pin test and bolts make crappy pins.
Lesson learned : softer materials bend before they fracture.
That's what she has been saying.
In my experience (I had to do many similar tests during my career) I found it important - on a test setup like this - to tighten the nut and bolt and put tension on the test bolt.
Also, if the bolt hole was threaded and the bolt had a very precise fit in the tool, the results changed drastically for the better.
Back in the day I had to use a manual press setup, so I'm very jealous. But the hand pumping was good exercise...
8:11 "Because why the stronger bolts are weaker on this setup" immediately realized the weakest bolt is still to come "Hey! We still have the 3D printed left"
pull on them and you will see the who is really the strongest 😉
Right-O !! ;)
Pretty sure most bolt situations are sheer test situations... So "strongest" doesn't mean crap if it isn't how the bolt is used... In most applications the basic bolt would be better
Put a window in the side so we can see the shearing perhaps. I love the way the bolt heads "unscrew" as they fly away in slow mo.
The harder bolt is more brittle and shears, instead of bending like the softer bolts do.
Flexibility
This is exactly what I thought would happen, as the alloys become harder they are less ductile.
Ductility =/= hardness
Loved the bolt monster!!
The stainless steel bolts used in this experiment would have been much harder than the grade 8 bolts, which are higher tensile rated, and softer. Try cutting a grade 8 bolt with a hacksaw, then try a stainless one and you will soon see which one is harder
I feel like you two are part of my family! Every time I see you two do something I just feel happy warmth inside! Thanks so much!!!
To get the true, shear strength, the bolt needs to go through a hole in the piece that the the press is pushing on. You're creating a lot of bending stress in these bolts by pressing on them from the side like that. True, double-shear strength should be higher than what you're seeing with this test.
@8:16 The bolts aren't under tention. They are much stronger when tight. If they are loose they can bend more and sheer off much more easily.
I find it quite interesting that so much rotational energy was imparted on the heads of the exploding bolts.
"acid proof" should be aisi 316, regular should be 304.
Just about to post this also. It's a literal translation of "haponkestava". I use A4 a lot in marine work.
I work as a metal fabricator and 18-8 fasteners are usually what we use at work. 304 is in this family. It is alloyed with 18% chromium and 8% nickel. 316 includes 2-3% molybdenum in addition. The results of these shear tests are exactly as I would have expected. 316 always seemed slightly softer. 304 is a bitch to tap threaded holes into.
A2 is like 304, A4 is more like 316.
@@TristanJCumpole Doesn't taking an A4 underwater make the paper soggy and useless?
Why, do you have the final say on the numbering system used to identify steel?
You could also try preloading the bolts in tension (doing the same test) by putting torque on the nut instead of just hand tightening it.
The way this guy speaks English crack's me up every time.... I love it though...
You should hear him say cucumber. Last summer they were carbonating fruit and veggies,check it out.
It's called "rally English". Have a read about the origins online. It's very interesting, but also funny to listen to.
Wonder how we would sound speaking finnish
@@squizz-bot854 - It would be even funnier to hear me try to speak Finnish. :)
Bolts aren't used to resist shear forces that's what pins are for. Bolts provide clamping force.
wat
4:25 this is fascinating. There’s a massive amount of angular momentum that goes into the head of the bolt when the shaft snaps, and I have absolutely no idea where it comes from. I would never have expected the bolt to start rotating around it’s central axis like that
EDIT: 6:23 this one too!! There must be something about the construction or composition of these bolts that causes them to fail in this way
It's the thread that causes it
More to the point: how strong are self-sealing stem bolts?
that was a good episode, very clever.
r/UnexpectedDS9
@@revtomstiles Don't seem to recall that one precisely. Only one I recall offhand is how Quark somehow ended up with LOTS of them.
My guess is: in the softer bolts, the thread might be pressed flat first, allowing for a distribution of the force to a larger area, and it can flex a bit ... so maybe that's how it withstands more force?
We would need to see what's going on with the bolt within the tool to know for sure.
Also, it the tool is not 100 % straight, one side off the harder bolts will take more force and snap first, where the soft bolt can flex more and therefore will be stronger in this test.
Use the wrench breaking rig to torque them through a chunk of steel instead of shearing through the center. Your results will be hugely different.
That is a good demonstration and explanation why some kitchens falls down when people wants to screw them to the wall with the hardened screws. They are harder for bending ... but also they are easier to break because they don't want stretch.
Those numbers indicate tensile strength, which means pulling the bolt at either ends. What you're testing is shear strength.
greyharmonix for steel shear strength and tensile strength are closely correlated
The softer bolts are deforming, the deformation is causing the piston to have to shear both sides at the same time. The harder bolts are not deforming so you are only shearing one side at a time
I think the reason the hardened bolt was relatively weak was the more dense a metal is the more brittle it becomes. Brittle meaning it doesn't flex at all. Everybody that has ever broken a drill bit understands this concept. This test is a shear strength test which means the less dense stainless bolt has an advantage because it's hard enough to hold together but soft enough to flex. Elasticity is great for shear strength, but has bad clamping strength. This is why the regular bolt is soft to a fault. It's the play-dough of the bolt bin. It's too soft to clamp with any pressure and not hard enough to resist shearing. This is all just from personal experience. I'm just a diesel tech who turns a bunch of bolts for a living. Plus you know all this garbage already being a machinist/engineer/genius/badass and all.
Thanks for the upload! I'm looking forward to the next one!
Anni's play dough monsters are very scary. I'm glad you deal with them with such dispatch. This Yank loves you wacky Finns. Please, please never grow up!
Hard usually means that it breaks with a cleaner "snap" while the softer stainless ones bend more therefore in this type of test result in a higher number, try a setup for tensile strength to see different results
Nice testing jig! Great video as usual. Maybe the hardened steel bolt was made out of Chinesium?
electronicsNmore AvE
Nah, hardened bolts aren't made to handle shearing forces. You need to buy actual pins or bolts made to handle shear if you want them to look good in this test. Bolts most often clamp, not shear, so the common bolt is by far stronger in tensile strength than shear strength.
Do a test of bolts in tension.
Torque the bolts and see if it changes!
Wouldn't the durability go down as the tension makes the steel harder and the bolt thinner?
Yes hardened bolts are for big magnitude of torque.
The hardened bolt has higher tensile strength; therefore, more torque can be applied. So, when holding two plates together, the friction between plates is much higher, therefore making it harder to shear the bolt. The test is good, but it does not test the bolts for all applications.
Agree with the conclusion that harder materials are less shear resistant, it also shows that in applications where shear is a consideration it's better to use a less hardened material.
Bolts are made to be like springs. Softer means more stretchy and holds better. So it’s like pinching off play dough vs plastic when comparing stainless to regular steel.
The comments have got it covered, but I sure hope AvE responds.
Wow, steel bolts are extremely tough, I expected nothing less of course. Any chance you guys can test how strong Tungsten is?
Tungsten's pretty expensive, probably take a small bit to gather enough.
@@bringanotebook28 it's not "that" expensive. I bought about 1kg for 300€.
The "problem/monster" to have to deal with at the end always cracks me up :-D
Hey, I got an Idea for a New Video Series.
Try to machine a strong Container, fill it with Water , freeze it and see, if it can hold the Pressure or if it explodes.
Would be very Interesting to see, if anything can hold the pressure and form Ice II.
Freezing water exerts a pressure of a million pounds per square inch, it took decades to contain it. Nothing you can weld together stands a chance
Ice Breaker 5 Million.
Great idea! I would like to see this. Have a nice weekend :)
@@jusb1066 hence it would make for a great video
@@Ms.Nightshade , Google says maximum force between about 25,000 and 114,000 psi.
Hey, love your work on both channels!
Request for similar test to this using round pipes: steel, aluminium, copper, maybe some harder metals and or plastics?
Perhaps this mentioned leverage tester could also simulate a crane on different objects.
Some can be hard but more brittle ...the first one went through longer plastic deformation before breaking point.
What you experience there is what we call stress concentration (in that case at the root of the thread). In softer bolt, the bolt can deforme quite a lot before breaking, so the local stress at the root of the thread will yield locally the bolt, which will distribute better the load. So at the end of the day, loaded as you load them, the softer bolt were weaker, but there ductility allow the whole bolt to react the shear force. In the case of the harder bolt, the high stress generated at the root initiate a crack (typical of a brittle fracture) that propagate throught the bolt and "snap" it. I suggest you to perform the same again but by using bolts with an unthreaded portion (the thread should not be at any of the shear plane).
I would like to see this done with bolts that have a shank instead of being threaded the whole way. See if that helps them hold up any in this particular test.
The harder the metal the more brittle they are. Bolt ratings are for Tensile Strength. That's end-to-end stretching. Yes bolts stretch, that's how they create clamping force.
Bolt monster was the best... Maybe if you put the bolt monster in the hole it would have held 11 tons???
It's surprising how much weight a bolt can support. The hanger across the street was using a swivel hook to lift a 1200 lbs helicopter engines. When it seized, my shop took it apart and discovered that all the weight was supported by a 1/8" pin! A part worth a few pennies was lifting a $500,000 part
You should press things that are packed in a suitcase for a trip and see how much smaller you can make the luggage! Really practical to have a hydraulic press for this purpose.
I think haponkestävä is called also stainless in English, only it's different grade
"we have hole...and another hole....
and the pole...goes into the hole.."
.
.
guess I've seen this before somewhere
With same accent too
@@PLKxR yes lol😂😂😂
This is the only channel that should ever use Heavy Metal music!
Like others have said: the rating is generally for tensile strength. This was a test of shear strength
The min required tensile strength of an M10 GD10.9 bolt is 6.15tonne. Converting to single shear using von Mises gives 3.55tonne (this should give a low estimate). Double shear as in the test is 7.1tonne.
If the bolts were unevenly loaded, shearing in one plane first could explain the low strength but I reckon these are cheap bolts from you know where. Tensile testing may confirm it. The cheapness could be lower strength or lower ductility, tensile test won't show the lack of ductility unless the elongation is measured.
So glad you dealt with the bolt monster
I think you were sold counterfeit "high strength" bolts. I remember the US Army discovered on the M-1 tank project that a batch of tanks were built with counterfeit hardware - cheap alloy being sold as high strength - and the tanks had to be sent back, completely disassembled, and all their hardware replaced.
10 mm hardened dowel pin? 10 mm drill bit? Tap? Got to be a lot of things that will fit.
Don't forget to use titanium bolts next time, we really look forward to it. And not just bolts, simply use titanium whenever you use different materials
I believe most of the rating are based on pull breaking strength, and not much at all for lateral stresses. Thank you both, I enjoy all of your channels, be well.
These bolts are proven for tensile stress rather than for shear stress. In high resistance bolts, the direction of the cristals when rolling the preform for the bolt is taken in consideration. This direction provides a big difference in the performance of the material making it 3 times more resistant for tensile stress in the direction of the cristals.
Good time to explain that bolts don't do any of the holding. They just force the materials to rub together hard. All the actual weight capacity is just the plates rubbing together hard enough to not slip past eachother. The bolts act as merely a clamp.
Hard ones snap easier. The stainless is softer and takes better sideways force. Hard ones should endure more drag strength
Test the thread strength of bolts. Put bolt in a similar jig but vertically. Resting the nut on the edge of the tool and pressing the bolt through
Shear strength is directly related to tensile strength. It does give some idea of bolt strength, but not the whole story. bolt strength is classified by ultimate tensile strength.
this test utilizes two shear planes, so divide anything you get by '2' to get ultimate shear stress. Check it VS the diameter of bolt and AASHTO designation for the material used.
in NY USA, connections are designed as slip critical, ie- the clamping force controls the design such that the friction between the two connected plates restrains movement, but bearing/shear/tension of the bolt is still checked.
-structural engineer /bridge designer
New metal band name: Bolts-a-Poppin. 🔩🔩🔩
Bolt monster could get unhinged at any moment, so we have to deal with it :D
Softer (lower grade) bolt bends more, before it fails, so it's loaded more in tension than the harder (higher grade) bolt, which snaps, instead of bending and transitioning more into the tension type of load, which is more optimal. The softer bolt perhaps even partially jams the tool, thus increasing the resistance even more.
How about titanium bolts? I've been using them on my car. For example, two of the bolts holding my rear differential brace have snapped twice. I replaced them with titanium bolts and no more breaking.
High tensile bolts are harder and therefore more brittle the higher you go. They are designed for clamping force, not lateral movement.
Also, props to Anni for getting the thread right on Bolt Monster there!
The hardened one is made for not wearing out when using it alot, but since it doesnt bend it will snap fast
The bolt bend because of the clearance between your 2 tools
The weaker bolts can bend and set so that both sides take up equal amount of force
The harder bolt can't do that because there more brittle and will snap
Plus is they bent the crossection of the bold that the tool needs to cut trow will increase
8:17
A Lego man has fallen into the river of Lego city
I think it might matter that you're putting a sharp point shearing force. Try using a curved tool. Or even drill a 10mm hole in the stressing piston, that would be best.
I'm no scientist but I think the softer bolts stretch more having time to build pressure. The harder bolts just snap without having any give.
8:17 A MAN HAS FALLEN UNDER THE HYDRAULIC PRESS IN LEGO WORKSHOP !
You need to repeat the test with the bolts torqued up to 80% of ultimate tensile strength as this is where they give maximum shear strength. It is also worth remembering that a high ultimate tensile strength does not automatically guarantee a high maximum shear strength, with every bolt being selected depending on load and application.
I think I've learned strong bolts are stronger than weak ones!
Those bolt ratings are for tensile strength. How much pulling force they'll take.
You're testing sheer force, which they have a different rating for.
Harder bolts will snap and softer bolts will bend and flex before snapping.
This is a good example of sheer strength vs clamping strength.
This channel is so damn satisfying to watch.
Higher hardness would cause the bolt to snap earlier, also, having the nut tight on the end would cause a lateral force from the head and end of the bolt (which is why the head ejected off the 10.9)
I also like the extra contents in this channel btw
Bolts aren't designed to take shear force, they are supposed to take the tensile force and the friction between the materials that get bolted together should take most of the shear force. Bolts that don't have threads all the way to the head are more designed to take shear force.
Bolts are rated for tensile loads not shear. And I think the plasticity of the weaker bolts allow it to deform and mold between the 2 surfaces of the hole and pin, adding friction and making it more difficult to press down
Good demonstration that a machinist is NOT an engineer.
Bolts are generally intended to resist being stretched along their length though, not sheared, so the suggestions to build something to test that are on point.
Something I've wondered about is their compression strength- screw one into a hole and try to push it through- or maybe push it out from the other side. That will tell us hpw much force it takes to make the threads shear off.
I don't know what to make the fixture out of though...
someone already did that and threads never sheared off, bolt just snapped
Cool video! As others have pointed out....not exactly what hardness ratings are measuring, because it's not exactly what bolts are designed to do. I hope you are able to come up with a way to test tensile strength with the press.
wish yall were my neighbors .would love to watch you guys. just like two kids playing around, but having fun
This is a shear test, not a tensile test.
Maybe the samples shud be tensioned by torque tightening the Bolts & Nuts :/
Put the bolts under tension. Rated torque for each.
Bolts tensile test next
I think the hardness that actually causes them to break sooner. Softer materials give more before they break making them stronger in a sense. Kind of like how a ship that was built so strong it was inflexible would break when going across waves under its own weight, where as a ship that flexes flexes with the waves.
For example on farm machines I run, if they use shear bolts, you want to use very hard bolts, because softer ones will bend some before they break allowing the damaging force to still be transmitted to the expensive gear cases. Hard bolts break under the shock force protecting the gear cases.
Also, the sideways force makes a difference too. Bolts are designed to hold things together so the sideways force goes against what they're designed to do. I think a really cool idea would be to make a sort of lever, maybe an extremely think and strong straight piece of steel that can handle the power of the press with another equally strong fulcrum base in the middle that the that you attach it to kind of like a child's "see saw" or "teeter totter" kind of toy, and then have at one end a flange that a bolt can slide through to fasten together and then press of the other end of the lever. That would really put to test the strength of bolts haha. Love your videos regardless! Thanks :)
This is a good scissor example. Make another plunger round, so that way, we would know the stretch and when breakage.
The harder bolt is not [as] ductile as the softer bolts are, so the tensile stress on the bottom of the bolt causes the root of the thread (an area of stress concentration) to crack open, and from there it's just downhill for the rest of the bolt as the crack creates an even worse stress concentration and propagates through the entire cross-section. The softer bolts in contrast are able to stretch a little, which redistributes the strain over multiple threads, allowing more of the cross-sectional area to come into play to resist the mighty press.
If you tested the hardened bolt and a softer one again up to just short of where the hardened bolt fails, you might find more plastic deformation in the softer bolt but nearly none in the harder one.
If you cut a curved surface to match the bolt diameter you get a more consistent result. As soon as you compromise the surface of the harder materials they crack and fail. The smaller surface area made by the flat plunger is causing the failure.
When steel is hardened it makes a brittle crystalline structure that is extremely hard to PULL apart but easy to shear! When an alloy is created it changes the crystalline structure, making the material have more of a plastic deformation ability, causing it to have higher shear strength. Try heating up a hardened bolt allow it to cool slowly and retry!
Nooo the bolt monster :(: (
I think showing someone very slow motion videos helps to teach about the concept of space/time! I think conceptually for me, it clicked watching your vids.
Everyone : *enjoying the video*
Danganronpa fans: *crying*
Bolts like these arent meant to hold shear forces like this. A bolt provides clamping force and the friction between the materials you clamp with the bolt is what holds your structure together. Because of this bolts are rated in tensile strenght.
I notice that the bolts were full thread...and the test was in shear on the thread directly. Normally the shank of the bolt (which is it's full diameter) carries shear and the thread is for fastening in tension.
Suggestion:
Bolt 2 pieces together with a total hole length ~6x bolts inner diam, torqued accordingly. Measure force required to make the two pieces slide.